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112,606 | 112,264 | 5731c82ee99e3014001e626f | generic | In September 1940, Japan decided to cut China's only land line to the outside world by seizing Indochina, which was controlled at the time by Vichy France. Japanese forces broke their agreement with the Vichy administration and fighting broke out, ending in a Japanese victory. On 27 September Japan signed a military al... | Who controlled Indochina before the Japanese takeover? | {'text': 'Vichy France', 'answer_start': 142} |
18,410 | 18,068 | 56e3c21939bdeb14003478ee | generic | The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national ... | What university did Peterson attend? | {'text': 'German-language University of Dorpat', 'answer_start': 193} |
38,268 | 37,926 | 5a64ccfd7f3c80001a150be9 | generic | ASCII developed from telegraphic codes. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's (ASA) X3.2 subcommittee. The first edition of the standard was publishe... | When did work on the ASCII preliminary Bell code begin? | {'text': 'October 6, 1960', 'answer_start': 169} |
99,773 | 99,431 | 5a7c67b9e8bc7e001a9e1d85 | generic | Any philosophy that assigns crucial importance to the ideal or spiritual realm in its account of human existence may be termed "idealist". Metaphysical idealism is an ontological doctrine that holds that reality itself is incorporeal or experiential at its core. Beyond this, idealists disagree on which aspects of the m... | Philosophies that regard the spiritual realm highly cannot be called what? | {'text': 'idealist', 'answer_start': 128} |
98,271 | 97,929 | 572a7d5334ae481900deab47 | generic | In addition to such annual festivals like Calle Ocho Festival and Carnaval Miami, Miami is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers. The newest addition to the Miami arts scene is the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, the second-largest performing arts center ... | What venue in Miami is notable for hosting outdoor music? | {'text': 'Bayfront Park Amphitheater', 'answer_start': 1085} |
52,939 | 52,597 | 5ad18e11645df0001a2d1f13 | generic | The spectrum emitted by a blackbody radiator at temperatures of incandescent bulbs does not match the sensitivity characteristics of the human eye; the light emitted does not appear white, and most is not in the range of wavelengths at which the eye is most sensitive. Tungsten filaments radiate mostly infrared radiatio... | What is the lower limit for LER of an incandescent lamp? | {'text': '6,300 °C', 'answer_start': 532} |
96,779 | 96,437 | 572a4d053f37b31900478874 | generic | The Ottoman economic mind was closely related to the basic concepts of state and society in the Middle East in which the ultimate goal of a state was consolidation and extension of the ruler's power, and the way to reach it was to get rich resources of revenues by making the productive classes prosperous. The ultimate ... | What was the final goal of the state economic system? | {'text': 'to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects', 'answer_start': 328} |
92,143 | 91,801 | 5728d4442ca10214002da8d2 | generic | A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest o... | Where was Leto worshipped? | {'text': 'Asia Minor', 'answer_start': 159} |
81,729 | 81,387 | 5a39b0472f14dd001ac72590 | generic | In the United States, Lindlof and Taylor write, "Cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition". The American version of cultural studies initially concerned itself more with understanding the subjective and appropriative side of audience reactions to, and uses of, mass culture; for examp... | Which writer contributed to cultural studies from the field of science and French modernism? | {'text': 'Julia Kristeva', 'answer_start': 1891} |
91,485 | 91,143 | 57291b5a3f37b31900478023 | generic | Wright himself believed that values >0.25 represent very great genetic variation and that an FST of 0.15–0.25 represented great variation. However, about 5% of human variation occurs between populations within continents, therefore FST values between continental groups of humans (or races) of as low as 0.1 (or possibly... | FST values greater than .25 represent very great what? | {'text': 'genetic variation', 'answer_start': 63} |
8,285 | 7,943 | 5ad005e077cf76001a68677e | generic | Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship. | Who aligned the country with the Western Bloc? | {'text': 'Sassou Nguesso', 'answer_start': 0} |
295 | 295 | 138420 | pubqa | On 25 March 2012, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) was notified about several cases of gastroenteritis in schoolchildren following a stay at a Norwegian holiday farm. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in faecal samples from some of the children. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in school-... | How was the event first detected?
| {'answer_id': 274848, 'document_id': 450393, 'question_id': 138420, 'text': 'the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) was notified about several cases of gastroenteritis', 'answer_start': 18, 'answer_category': 'LONG'} |
117,068 | 116,726 | 5ad00bca77cf76001a6867fb | generic | In 941, Igor led another major Rus' attack on Constantinople, probably over trading rights again. A navy of 10,000 vessels, including Pecheneg allies, landed on the Bithynian coast and devastated the Asiatic shore of the Bosphorus. The attack was well-timed, perhaps due to intelligence, as the Byzantine fleet was occup... | How many sailing ships attacked the Bithyian coast? | {'text': '10,000', 'answer_start': 108} |
84,618 | 84,276 | 5727fd58ff5b5019007d9a48 | generic | In February 1925, the Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri summoned him to the Vatican and informed him of Pope Pius XI's decision to appoint him as the Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria (1925–35). On 3 March, Pius XI also named him for consecration as titular archbishop of Areopolis, Jordan. Roncalli was initially ... | Who was he consecrated by? | {'text': 'Giovanni Tacci Porcelli', 'answer_start': 480} |
78,460 | 78,118 | 5a3036ebf1f7c7001ab92cda | generic | Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) an... | What type of religion is John Calvin a member of in the book? | {'text': 'Scottish Presbyterian', 'answer_start': 520} |
120,449 | 120,107 | 57318511e6313a140071d00d | generic | Much of El Salvador was home to the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira. The Pipil lived in western El Salvador, spoke Nawat, and had many settlements there, most noticeably Cuzcatlan. The Pipil had no precious mineral resources, but they did have rich and fertile land that was good for farming. The Spaniards were di... | What was a major Pipil settlement in western El Salvador? | {'text': 'Cuzcatlan', 'answer_start': 176} |
104,359 | 104,017 | 5a773ea22d6d7f001a4a9f77 | generic | Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, esp... | What language is spoken in Mexico? | {'text': 'is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere.', 'answer_start': 69} |
74,278 | 73,936 | 5727bfa5ff5b5019007d9434 | generic | New Haven has a history of professional sports franchises dating back to the 19th century and has been the home to professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer teams—including the New York Giants of the National Football League from 1973 to 1974, who played at the Yale Bowl. Throughout the second hal... | At what currently defunct New Haven venues did minor league hockey and baseball teams play throughout the latter half of the 20th century? | {'text': 'New Haven Arena (built in 1926, demolished in 1972), New Haven Coliseum (1972–2002)', 'answer_start': 430} |
98,005 | 97,663 | 5ace83da32bba1001ae4a920 | generic | In Singapore, madrasahs are private schools which are overseen by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS, English: Islamic Religious Council of Singapore). There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4. Four Madrasahs are coeducational and two are for girls. Students take a range ... | What will not be included in the uniform at Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah? | {'text': 'songkok for boys and tudong for girls', 'answer_start': 969} |
60,769 | 60,427 | 57267b4add62a815002e869f | generic | The path to independence for the white colonies of the British Empire began with the 1839 Durham Report, which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada, as a solution to political unrest there. This began with the passing of the Act of Union in 1840, which created the Province of Canada. Resp... | When did Australia achieve self-government? | {'text': 'after 1900', 'answer_start': 789} |
95,622 | 95,280 | 5ace16a532bba1001ae49a8b | generic | While exploring inland along the northern coast of Florida in 1528, the members of the Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, found a Native American village near present-day Tallahassee, Florida whose name they transcribed as Apalchen or Apalachen [a.paˈla.tʃɛn]. The name was soon altered by the Spa... | How was the name of the Narvaez expedition transcribed? | {'text': 'Apalchen or Apalachen', 'answer_start': 246} |
119,584 | 119,242 | 5a14a458a54d4200185292d9 | generic | Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Ot... | During the Risorgimento, what had changed since the Congress of Vienna? | {'text': 'the balance of world power', 'answer_start': 692} |
88,784 | 88,442 | 572c0ccddfb02c14005c6b76 | generic | Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclu... | Who believe that they are the only people that know the truth? | {'text': 'exclusivists', 'answer_start': 254} |
35,325 | 34,983 | 570a99ad6d058f1900182fe1 | generic | Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Lat... | Along with the Angles and Saxons, what tribe spoke Anglo-Frisian? | {'text': 'Jutes', 'answer_start': 165} |
25,260 | 24,918 | 56f8cf249e9bad19000a055a | generic | During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped with a length of DNA on the corresponding sister chromatid. This has no effect if the alleles on the chromatids are the same, but results in reass... | When can an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over sometimes occur? | {'text': 'During the process of meiotic cell division', 'answer_start': 0} |
100,589 | 100,247 | 572bdafedfb02c14005c6aea | generic | Tennessee is known as the "Volunteer State", a nickname some claimed was earned during the War of 1812 because of the prominent role played by volunteer soldiers from Tennessee, especially during the Battle of New Orleans. Other sources differ on the origin of the state nickname; according to the Columbia Encyclopedia,... | Which major conflict that included the Battle of New Orleans is said to have given Tennessee its nickname? | {'text': 'War of 1812', 'answer_start': 91} |
31,906 | 31,564 | 5a836bd7e60761001a2eb69d | generic | The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC... | What material were the gates of the Temple of Jermaine made from? | {'text': 'Corinthian bronze', 'answer_start': 42} |
110,949 | 110,607 | 5ace7e1b32bba1001ae4a814 | generic | Unpopulated boards are usually bare-board tested for "shorts" and "opens". A short is a connection between two points that should not be connected. An open is a missing connection between points that should be connected. For high-volume production a fixture or a rigid needle adapter is used to make contact with copper ... | Building the adapter is low cost and economical for? | {'text': 'high-volume or high-value production', 'answer_start': 416} |
108,164 | 107,822 | 57301633a23a5019007fcd42 | generic | Efficiency of a transmitting antenna is the ratio of power actually radiated (in all directions) to the power absorbed by the antenna terminals. The power supplied to the antenna terminals which is not radiated is converted into heat. This is usually through loss resistance in the antenna's conductors, but can also be ... | What can cause that reaction? | {'text': 'transmitter', 'answer_start': 494} |
126,840 | 126,498 | 5aceb78232bba1001ae4b14d | generic | In France during the Middle Ages, there were two Great Officers of the Crown of France with police responsibilities: The Marshal of France and the Constable of France. The military policing responsibilities of the Marshal of France were delegated to the Marshal's provost, whose force was known as the Marshalcy because ... | Which two entities in Medieval France didn't have police duties? | {'text': 'The Marshal of France and the Constable of France', 'answer_start': 117} |
88,004 | 87,662 | 5acfc59577cf76001a685e37 | generic | Alternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in the German Bundesr... | Can the members of the lower house be impeached directly or indirectly? | {'text': 'directly elected', 'answer_start': 417} |
113,019 | 112,677 | 5ad4b4a95b96ef001a109e0e | generic | In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. Both expositions were held in Balboa Park, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this... | What festival was celebrated in the 1960s in recognition of the city's Mexican and Spanish past? | {'text': 'Fiesta del Pacifico', 'answer_start': 760} |
12,597 | 12,255 | 5acd0dfc07355d001abf3287 | generic | During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conc... | When was Friedrich Engels born? | {'text': '19th century', 'answer_start': 11} |
104,191 | 103,849 | 5a76eaf72d6d7f001a4a9ef8 | generic | The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States. There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States, as well as six million Spanish language students. Together, this makes the United States of America the second largest Hispanophone count... | What country has more first language Spanish-speakers than Mexico? | {'text': 'United States', 'answer_start': 363} |
44,002 | 43,660 | 570e68670dc6ce1900205033 | generic | The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises f... | When was the order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy established? | {'text': '4 June 1917', 'answer_start': 275} |
46,481 | 46,139 | 5ad2aaf2d7d075001a429e4b | generic | Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988. Nintendo's intention, however, was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue for itself. Nintendo required that they be the sole manufacturer of all cartridges, and that the publisher had to pay ... | What was the name of the 2nd company Sega permitted? | {'text': 'Mediagenic', 'answer_start': 91} |
85,408 | 85,066 | 5a7a805821c2de001afe9ca5 | generic | The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a... | What would have to happen to make European sovereign debt assets less like what is found in the U.S. Treasury? | {'text': "a collective guarantee of the member states' solvency", 'answer_start': 334} |
23,335 | 22,993 | 56f8e0b29e9bad19000a0660 | generic | Southampton used to be home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton wi... | What location that was once filled with passengers, dry docks, and trains is now a holding area for new cars? | {'text': 'Eastern Docks', 'answer_start': 584} |
112,848 | 112,506 | 57323deae17f3d140042277b | generic | Palawan Island, between Borneo and Mindoro, the fifth largest and western-most Philippine Island, was invaded on 28 February with landings of the Eighth Army at Puerto Princesa. The Japanese put up little direct defense of Palawan, but cleaning up pockets of Japanese resistance lasted until late April, as the Japanese ... | What is the western-most Philippine island? | {'text': 'Palawan', 'answer_start': 0} |
97,335 | 96,993 | 572a3c9b6aef0514001553c8 | generic | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published ... | Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek? | {'text': 'Ludwig Wittgenstein', 'answer_start': 65} |
2,299 | 1,957 | 56cd5df262d2951400fa6546 | generic | In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line and its associated technologies: Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox", while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology br... | On whose behalf did Pat-rights take Apple to court? | {'text': 'Ho Keung Tse', 'answer_start': 355} |
80,679 | 80,337 | 5727faefff5b5019007d99d0 | generic | The Unicode Roadmap Committee (Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, and Ken Whistler) maintain the list of scripts that are candidates or potential candidates for encoding and their tentative code block assignments on the Unicode Roadmap page of the Unicode Consortium Web site. For some scripts on the Roadmap, such as Jurche... | Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, and Ken Whistler make up what group? | {'text': 'Unicode Roadmap Committee', 'answer_start': 4} |
107,651 | 107,309 | 572f91c704bcaa1900d76a8d | generic | On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, bringing it too into the war on the Allied side. China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world. China was in turmoil at the time, and attacked Japanese armies through guerilla-type warfare. By the beginning of 1942, t... | Where did Japan attack the United States? | {'text': 'Pearl Harbor', 'answer_start': 57} |
55,339 | 54,997 | 57263f3489a1e219009ac5cc | generic | In response, Shell filed lawsuits to seek injunctions from possible protests, and Benjamin Jealous of the NAACP and Radford argued that the legal action was "trampling American's rights." According to Greenpeace, Shell lodged a request with Google to ban video footage of a Greenpeace protest action that occurred at the... | At the 2013 ceremony, activitsts controlled their appearance with what? | {'text': 'the use of four radio car antennas', 'answer_start': 560} |
116,398 | 116,056 | 573055dc2461fd1900a9cd53 | generic | The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such ... | In Swaziland, what is kwetfwasa? | {'text': 'training of the Sangoma', 'answer_start': 92} |
95,230 | 94,888 | 5a2c4f74bfd06b001a5aeb18 | generic | Like other South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian has a simple phonology, with the common five-vowel system and twenty-five consonants. Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Verbs exhibit imperfective or perfective aspect,... | What kind of word order does Gaj's latin alphabet have? | {'text': 'flexible', 'answer_start': 404} |
59,941 | 59,599 | 57266600f1498d1400e8de58 | generic | The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas. Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group ("family founders") which has negative consequences for the birth ratio. Furthermore, the population is getting older and ... | How many citizens of Thuringia are over the age of 65? | {'text': 'more than 30%', 'answer_start': 367} |
75,175 | 74,833 | 57275c0c5951b619008f88b2 | generic | In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer ... | What is the largest employer of child labour? | {'text': 'agriculture', 'answer_start': 284} |
13,110 | 12,768 | 5ace3ed732bba1001ae4a03f | generic | Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the f... | Under Morris, multiple artists from Jive did what? | {'text': 'moved to Epic', 'answer_start': 347} |
111,268 | 110,926 | 5ad27de3d7d075001a4296e6 | generic | This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important fact... | What academia wasn't heightened during this time of Hellenism? | {'text': 'Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period', 'answer_start': 616} |
63,139 | 62,797 | 5726acb05951b619008f79b7 | generic | On 9 December 2010, The Sun published a front-page story claiming that terrorist group Al-Qaeda had threatened a terrorist attack on Granada Television in Manchester to disrupt the episode of the soap opera Coronation Street to be transmitted live that evening. The paper cited unnamed sources, claiming "cops are throwi... | Who was responsible for the 2011 Norway attacks? | {'text': 'Anders Behring Breivik,', 'answer_start': 1011} |
130,646 | 130,304 | 5a7deb7170df9f001a87531b | generic | In the late 19th century with the discovery of the electron, and in the early 20th century, with the discovery of the atomic nucleus, and the birth of particle physics, matter was seen as made up of electrons, protons and neutrons interacting to form atoms. Today, we know that even protons and neutrons are not indivisi... | What field of physics began in the 19th century? | {'text': 'particle', 'answer_start': 151} |
72,874 | 72,532 | 57270f27708984140094d92a | generic | In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as "extrapulmonary tuberculosis". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Notable extrapu... | At least what percentage of HIV-positive patients who contract TB will experience extrapulmonary infection? | {'text': '50%', 'answer_start': 291} |
88,145 | 87,803 | 5acfbcfd77cf76001a685b90 | generic | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What type of modifications have been removed from the Philippines Constitution? | {'text': 'possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system', 'answer_start': 325} |
4,938 | 4,596 | 56d07c41234ae51400d9c320 | generic | Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the ... | What is one of the most developed Concentrating Solar Power technologies? | {'text': 'the Stirling dish', 'answer_start': 360} |
57,850 | 57,508 | 5a51b7a5b308da001a5a2352 | generic | The shallow waters of the Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest levels of biodiversity for the world's marine ecosystems, where coral, fish and molluscs abound. According to Conservation International, marine surveys suggest that the marine life diversity in the Raja Ampat (Indonesia) is the highest recorded on ... | What ecosystem has the lowest biodiversity in Asia? | {'text': 'Southeast Asian coral reefs', 'answer_start': 26} |
35,240 | 34,898 | 570a84d76d058f1900182f15 | generic | The first example is taken from the opening lines of the folk-epic Beowulf, a poem of some 3,000 lines and the single greatest work of Old English. This passage describes how Hrothgar's legendary ancestor Scyld was found as a baby, washed ashore, and adopted by a noble family. The translation is literal and represents ... | Who adopted Hrothgar's ancestor? | {'text': 'a noble family', 'answer_start': 262} |
76,354 | 76,012 | 572820d23acd2414000df51a | generic | On August 19, 1989, the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. On September 2, 1989, tens of thousands across Ukraine protested a draft election law that reserved special seats for the Communist Party and for other official organi... | Where did the People's Movement hold its founding congress? | {'text': 'Kiev', 'answer_start': 585} |
31,495 | 31,153 | 5709535eefce8f15003a7df8 | generic | The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area is served by one public television station and two public radio stations. KUHT (HoustonPBS) is a PBS member station and is the first public television station in the United States. Houston Public Radio is listener-funded and comprises two NPR member stations: KUHF ... | Who owns the KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA stations? | {'text': 'The University of Houston', 'answer_start': 422} |
79,024 | 78,682 | 5ad26801d7d075001a429254 | generic | The first Dominican site in England was at Oxford, in the parishes of St. Edward and St. Adelaide. The friars built an oratory to the Blessed Virgin Mary and by 1265, the brethren, in keeping with their devotion to study, began erecting a school. Actually, the Dominican brothers likely began a school immediately after ... | What was the most important subject that all Benedictine students had to learn? | {'text': 'theology', 'answer_start': 932} |
45,512 | 45,170 | 5ad3f86a604f3c001a3ffa68 | generic | Traditionally, Section 1983 was of limited use for a state prisoner under sentence of death because the Supreme Court has held that habeas corpus, not Section 1983, is the only vehicle by which a state prisoner can challenge his judgment of death. In the 2006 Hill v. McDonough case, however, the United States Supreme C... | In what year was Hill v. McDonough rejected? | {'text': '2006', 'answer_start': 255} |
64,453 | 64,111 | 5ad0246777cf76001a686b8a | generic | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo X’s renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his h... | Who acted as protector to Martin Luther when he wasn't under the ban of the Empire? | {'text': 'Frederick the Wise', 'answer_start': 457} |
90,934 | 90,592 | 5ad235c9d7d075001a4287ea | generic | When Cowan Powers and his family recorded their old-time music from 1924-1926, his daughter Orpha Powers was one of the earliest known southern-music artists to record with the mandolin. By the 1930s, single mandolins were becoming more commonly used in southern string band music, most notably by brother duets such as ... | What family recorded an new-time music in 1924-1926? | {'text': '1924-1926', 'answer_start': 68} |
75,941 | 75,599 | 572777f5708984140094de71 | generic | Darwin went to Edinburgh University in 1825 to study medicine. In his second year he neglected his medical studies for natural history and spent four months assisting Robert Grant's research into marine invertebrates. Grant revealed his enthusiasm for the transmutation of species, but Darwin rejected it. Starting in 18... | When did Darwin begin attending university? | {'text': '1825', 'answer_start': 39} |
62,334 | 61,992 | 5acead9532bba1001ae4b00c | generic | Despite efforts to revive Hebrew as the national language of the Jewish people, knowledge of the language is not commonly possessed by Jews worldwide and English has emerged as the lingua franca of the Jewish diaspora. Although many Jews once had sufficient knowledge of Hebrew to study the classic literature, and Jewis... | What language have Ashkenazi Jews adopted outside of Quebec? | {'text': 'English', 'answer_start': 1083} |
123,777 | 123,435 | 57321c80b9d445190005e809 | generic | According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons. The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons. The total n... | What was the port of Piraeus declared to be in 2013? | {'text': 'fastest-growing port in the world', 'answer_start': 666} |
21,175 | 20,833 | 5ad26b1ed7d075001a42933d | generic | Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between "language" and "dialect" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate "language" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate "people", and thus to be more deserving of its own... | What can the distinction between regional autonomy and dialect lead to? | {'text': 'political controversy, or even armed conflict.', 'answer_start': 693} |
23,717 | 23,375 | 56f72dee3d8e2e1400e373e7 | generic | Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time. The State Security Administration (Uprava državne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a se... | Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators? | {'text': 'Yugoslav intelligence', 'answer_start': 410} |
3,442 | 3,100 | 56d5357b2593cc1400307ad9 | generic | Details of school casualties had been under non-governmental investigation since December 2008 by volunteers including artist and architect Ai Weiwei, who had been constantly posting updates on his blog since March 2009. The official tally of students killed in the earthquake was not released until May 7, 2009, almost ... | What date were the official numbers of students killed in the earthquake released? | {'text': 'May 7, 2009', 'answer_start': 300} |
21,995 | 21,653 | 56e9ed745a205f1900d6d32f | generic | Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Mi... | The repression of what is also considered political corruption? | {'text': 'political opponents', 'answer_start': 387} |
113,845 | 113,503 | 57302be2947a6a140053d20f | generic | In 2006, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2007[update], Iran had earned $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves mostly (80%) from crude oil exports. Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, mostly due to large-scale state s... | What year did Iran pass an economic reform plan that would replace subsidies with targeted social assistance programs? | {'text': '2010', 'answer_start': 450} |
67,063 | 66,721 | 5726c3b1f1498d1400e8ea96 | generic | In 1964, Paul VI created a Secretariat for non-Christians, later renamed the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and a year later a new Secretariat (later Pontifical Council) for Dialogue with Non-Believers. This latter was in 1993 incorporated by Pope John Paul II in the Pontifical Council for Culture, whic... | Who established the Pontifical Council for Culture? | {'text': 'Pope John Paul II', 'answer_start': 259} |
79,616 | 79,274 | 5727bdcd4b864d1900163c2c | generic | St. Patrick's Street, the main street of the city which was remodelled in the mid-2000s, is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route and is the main shopping thoroughfare. The reason for its curved shape is that it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on a... | What was built on the site of the old Theatre Royal? | {'text': 'General Post Office', 'answer_start': 655} |
82,497 | 82,155 | 5727ebf24b864d190016403a | generic | In 1877, the Protestant James Cameron from the China Inland Mission walked from Chongqing to Batang in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, and "brought the Gospel to the Tibetan people." Beginning in the 20th century, in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, a large number of Lisu people an... | How were James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall, and Isobel Kuhn involved with Tibet? | {'text': 'Famous earlier missionaries', 'answer_start': 371} |
124,160 | 123,818 | 573218f2e17f3d1400422686 | generic | In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty. A considerable portion of the Armenian nobility and peasantry fled the Byzantine occupation of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, and the subsequent invasion of the region by Seljuk Turks in 1064. The... | Under which ruler did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom? | {'text': 'Ashot I', 'answer_start': 96} |
16,678 | 16,336 | 5acd414c07355d001abf3a92 | generic | In 2007, the official Xinhua News Agency reported that the resolution of the BeiDou system was as high as 0.5 metres. With the existing user terminals it appears that the calibrated accuracy is 20m (100m, uncalibrated). | According to which news agency was the BeiDou resolution as high as .7 metres? | {'text': 'Xinhua News Agency', 'answer_start': 22} |
4,654 | 4,312 | 56ce68dcaab44d1400b8876e | generic | Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote, known then as Truman Persons. Just as Dill lived next door to Scout during the summer, Capote lived next door to Lee with his aunts while his mother visited New York City. Like Dill, Capote had an impressive imagination and a gift for fascinating... | Murders were the base for which story that Capote wrote? | {'text': 'In Cold Blood', 'answer_start': 869} |
2,877 | 2,535 | 56cf3727aab44d1400b88e79 | generic | Bond and Swann return to London where they meet M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny; they intend to arrest C and stop Nine Eyes from going online. Swann leaves Bond, telling him she cannot be part of a life involving espionage, and is subsequently kidnapped. On the way, the group is ambushed and Bond is kidnapped, but th... | Who prevents Nine Eyes from going online? | {'text': 'Q', 'answer_start': 64} |
110,260 | 109,918 | 57343812d058e614000b6b3a | generic | Another popular event held in February, which is early spring in Tucson, is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros, or rodeo week, founded by winter visitor, Leighton Kramer. While at its heart the Fiesta is a sporting event, it includes what is billed as "the world's largest non-mechanized parade". The Rodeo Parade is a popular e... | What month is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros held in? | {'text': 'February', 'answer_start': 30} |
95,785 | 95,443 | 5ace3a7232bba1001ae49f71 | generic | As familiar as squirrels are the eastern cottontail rabbit (Silvilagus floridanus) and the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The latter in particular has greatly increased in abundance as a result of the extirpation of the eastern wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) and the North American cougar. This has led to the ov... | What kind of crops was the eastern wolf responsible for destroying? | {'text': 'agricultural', 'answer_start': 412} |
101,116 | 100,774 | 572f81ad947a6a140053c9de | generic | Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alter... | Where did systhpop, industrial and neo-psychedelia music derive from? | {'text': 'Post-punk', 'answer_start': 0} |
53,684 | 53,342 | 5a0cfbf2f5590b0018dab6e2 | generic | By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrat... | Eastern clothing styles have become international styles by what century? | {'text': '21st', 'answer_start': 26} |
88,195 | 87,853 | 5728498d3acd2414000df8a2 | generic | In almost all federations the central government enjoys the powers of foreign policy and national defense as exclusive federal powers. Were this not the case a federation would not be a single sovereign state, per the UN definition. Notably, the states of Germany retain the right to act on their own behalf at an intern... | Per the UN definition, what is federalism? | {'text': 'federation would not be a single sovereign state', 'answer_start': 160} |
53,116 | 52,774 | 5ad1a28b645df0001a2d2156 | generic | In a conventional lamp, the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope, darkening it. For bulbs that contain a vacuum, the darkening is uniform across the entire surface of the envelope. When a filling of inert gas is used, the evaporated tungsten is carried in the thermal conve... | What lightens a conventional bulb? | {'text': 'the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope', 'answer_start': 24} |
76,786 | 76,444 | 5727722af1498d1400e8f859 | generic | However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the... | What is an example of a highest court not being specifically called a Supreme Court? | {'text': 'the High Court of Australia', 'answer_start': 214} |
99,783 | 99,441 | 5a7c68b6e8bc7e001a9e1d99 | generic | Subjective idealists like George Berkeley are anti-realists in terms of a mind-independent world, whereas transcendental idealists like Immanuel Kant are strong skeptics of such a world, affirming epistemological and not metaphysical idealism. Thus Kant defines idealism as "the assertion that we can never be certain wh... | What idealist is George Berkeley most similar to? | {'text': 'Immanuel Kant', 'answer_start': 136} |
60,340 | 59,998 | 5a6beda24eec6b001a80a608 | generic | Having small population size is a characteristic almost universally inherent to apex predators, humans and dogs by far the most blatant exceptions. Low numbers wouldn't be a problem for apex predators if there was an abundance of prey and no competition or niche overlap, a scenario that is rarely, if ever, encountered ... | When two species have a small population, what is likely to happen between them? | {'text': 'competition', 'answer_start': 459} |
52,280 | 51,938 | 572657f0f1498d1400e8dc9a | generic | In the east there is a Dutch Low Saxon dialect area, comprising the provinces of Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel, and parts of the province of Gelderland as well. The IJssel river roughly forms the linguistic watershed here. This group, though not being Low Franconian and being close to the neighbouring Low German, i... | What dialect of Dutch is spoken in Drenthe? | {'text': 'Dutch Low Saxon', 'answer_start': 23} |
31,800 | 31,458 | 5ad41f8f604f3c001a4006a1 | generic | Centered on Post Oak Boulevard and Westheimer Road, the Uptown District boomed during the 1970s and early 1980s when a collection of mid-rise office buildings, hotels, and retail developments appeared along Interstate 610 west. Uptown became one of the most prominent instances of an edge city. The tallest building in U... | What is the tallest building in Texas? | {'text': 'Williams Tower', 'answer_start': 415} |
130,328 | 129,986 | 5735c421dc94161900571ffe | generic | Kathmandu is home to Nepali cinema and theaters. The city contains several theaters, including the National Dance Theatre in Kanti Path, the Ganga Theatre, the Himalayan Theatre and the Aarohan Theater Group founded in 1982. The M. Art Theater is based in the city. The Gurukul School of Theatre organizes the Kathmandu ... | Who constructed the theater in Hanumandhoka Durbar Square? | {'text': 'Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee', 'answer_start': 481} |
28,839 | 28,497 | 5706a30b75f01819005e7c92 | generic | In the post-apartheid era, the Constitution of South Africa has declared the country to be a "Non-racial democracy". In an effort to redress past injustices, the ANC government has introduced laws in support of affirmative action policies for Blacks; under these they define "Black" people to include "Africans", "Colour... | Who is favored more under the affirmative action policies? | {'text': '"Africans', 'answer_start': 378} |
36,871 | 36,529 | 570b3a9eec8fbc190045b8f5 | generic | Secretary of War Elihu Root (1899–1904) led the modernization of the Army. His goal of a uniformed chief of staff as general manager and a European-type general staff for planning was stymied by General Nelson A. Miles but did succeed in enlarging West Point and establishing the U.S. Army War College as well as the Gen... | What officer rotation doctrine was developed under Root's guidance? | {'text': 'the principle of rotating officers from staff to line', 'answer_start': 454} |
46,410 | 46,068 | 5ad2b4aed7d075001a429fce | generic | The unlicensed clone market has flourished following Nintendo's discontinuation of the NES. Some of the more exotic of these resulting systems have gone beyond the functionality of the original hardware and have included variations such as a portable system with a color LCD (e.g. PocketFami). Others have been produced ... | The NES was duplicated on which medium in order to make non-clones easy to produce? | {'text': 'chip', 'answer_start': 587} |
4,082 | 3,740 | 56cf30beaab44d1400b88dfb | generic | There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City, including Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, a natural area which includes extensive riding trails, and Riverbank State Park, a 28-acre (110,000 m2) facility that rises 69 feet (21 m) over the Hudson River. | How many meters is Riverbank State Park elevated above the Hudson River? | {'text': '21', 'answer_start': 245} |
62,009 | 61,667 | 57287f113acd2414000dfa4b | generic | The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law ... | How many of the Rohingya people have new changes in citizenship caused to become refugees ? | {'text': 'expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma,', 'answer_start': 1258} |
2,186 | 1,844 | 56ce88c8aab44d1400b8884c | generic | The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was... | What interface replaced FireWire in later iterations of the iPod? | {'text': 'USB', 'answer_start': 87} |
55,780 | 55,438 | 57267e115951b619008f749f | generic | The aggressive policies of Lord Wellesley and the Marquis of Hastings led to the Company gaining control of all India (except for the Punjab and Sindh), and some part of the then kingdom of Nepal under the Sugauli Treaty. The Indian Princes had become vassals of the Company. But the expense of wars leading to the total... | EIC reached out to parliament for help with finances. this lead to which Act? | {'text': 'Charter Act of 1813', 'answer_start': 464} |
96,880 | 96,538 | 572a6269b8ce0319002e2b03 | generic | The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano). Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the... | In late Ottoman classical music one can find Western instruments, what were they? | {'text': 'the violin and the piano', 'answer_start': 238} |
94,271 | 93,929 | 5a3e7371378766001a0025c8 | generic | Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, abo... | Why is it difficult to reach Palermo from Sicily? | {'text': 'mounts', 'answer_start': 264} |
19,591 | 19,249 | 56e74a5c37bdd419002c3e19 | generic | RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle. | How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are located at the Newcastle office? | {'text': '180', 'answer_start': 202} |
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