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In 2013, China led the world in renewable energy production, with a total capacity of 378 GW, mainly from hydroelectric and wind power. As of 2014, China leads the world in the production and use of wind power, solar photovoltaic power and smart grid technologies, generating almost as much water, wind and solar energy ...
Who did not lead the world in renewable energy production in 2013?
{'text': 'China', 'answer_start': 9}
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The earliest Greek philosophers, known as the pre-Socratics, provided competing answers to the question found in the myths of their neighbors: "How did the ordered cosmos in which we live come to be?" The pre-Socratic philosopher Thales (640-546 BC), dubbed the "father of science", was the first to postulate non-supern...
Who was named "the father of science"?
{'text': 'Thales', 'answer_start': 230}
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On 23 October 1501, at Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union was reformed at the Union of Mielnik (Polish: unia mielnicka, unia piotrkowsko-mielnicka). It was there that the tradition of the coronation Sejm (Polish: "Sejm koronacyjny") was founded. Once again the middle nobility (middle in wealth, not in rank) attempted to r...
What did the actof of milno do?
{'text': 'more to strengthen the magnate dominated Senate of Poland then the lesser nobility', 'answer_start': 499}
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Traditionally, Shell was a heavily decentralised business worldwide (especially in the downstream) with companies in over 100 countries, each of which operated with a high degree of independence. The upstream tended to be far more centralised with much of the technical and financial direction coming from the central of...
How many centralised businesses does Shell have?
{'text': 'over 100', 'answer_start': 117}
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The final two contestants were Lee DeWyze and Bowersox. DeWyze was declared the winner during the May 26 finale. No new song was used as coronation song this year; instead, the two finalists each released a cover song – DeWyze chose U2's "Beautiful Day", and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain". This is ...
Which song did Bowersox cover for her first release?
{'text': 'Up to the Mountain', 'answer_start': 291}
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A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leader...
Who did members of Seleka refuse to recognize?
{'text': 'Djotodia as President', 'answer_start': 351}
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In the immediate aftermath of World War II, there occurred several armed incidents between Yugoslavia and the Western Allies. Following the war, Yugoslavia acquired the Italian territory of Istria as well as the cities of Zadar and Rijeka. Yugoslav leadership was looking to incorporate Trieste into the country as well,...
In what year did Tito model his economic development plan independently from Moscow?
{'text': '1948', 'answer_start': 1155}
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Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's. It is the location of Cabot Tower which was built in 1897 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's discovery of Newfoundland, and Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marco...
Who recieved the first transatlantic wireless transmission?
{'text': 'Guglielmo Marconi', 'answer_start': 305}
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In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi...
Who did Frédéric visit Berlin with in September 1828?
{'text': 'Feliks Jarocki', 'answer_start': 96}
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The city reaches south-east through Dandenong to the growth corridor of Pakenham towards West Gippsland, and southward through the Dandenong Creek valley, the Mornington Peninsula and the city of Frankston taking in the peaks of Olivers Hill, Mount Martha and Arthurs Seat, extending along the shores of Port Phillip as ...
Little River marks the boundary between Geelong and which other city?
{'text': 'Melbourne', 'answer_start': 763}
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The iPod line can play several audio file formats including MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless. The iPod photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats. Fifth and sixth generation iPod Classics, as well as third generation iPod Nanos, ...
What was the first model to support JPEG and other still image formats?
{'text': 'iPod photo', 'answer_start': 143}
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In 2010 and 2011, state and federal funds were awarded to Connecticut (and Massachusetts) to construct the Hartford Line, with a southern terminus at New Haven's Union Station and a northern terminus at Springfield's Union Station. According to the White House, "This corridor [currently] has one train per day connectin...
When does the Knowledge Corridor line begins it's construction?
{'text': 'in 2013', 'answer_start': 635}
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For various reasons, the new firm operated as a dual-listed company, whereby the merging companies maintained their legal existence, but operated as a single-unit partnership for business purposes. The terms of the merger gave 60 percent ownership of the new group to the Dutch arm and 40 percent to the British. Nationa...
Why did the two companies function as a dual-unit partnership for business purposes?
{'text': 'National patriotic sensibilities would not permit a full-scale merger', 'answer_start': 313}
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Neptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune L4 and L5 Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stable in their orbi...
Where did most Neptune trojans form?
{'text': 'alongside Neptune', 'answer_start': 354}
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In some jurisdictions, copyright or the right to enforce it can be contractually assigned to a third party which did not have a role in producing the work. When this outsourced litigator appears to have no intention of taking any copyright infringement cases to trial, but rather only takes them just far enough through ...
What don't these lawsuits have in the U.S.?
{'text': 'mixed results', 'answer_start': 482}
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Beyoncé's work has influenced numerous artists including Adele, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Bridgit Mendler, Rihanna, Kelly Rowland, Sam Smith, Meghan Trainor, Nicole Scherzinger, Rita Ora, Zendaya, Cheryl Cole, JoJo, Alexis Jordan, Jessica Sanchez, and Azealia Banks. American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her...
What was the name of the film that Gwyneth Paltrow starred in as a musician?
{'text': 'Country Strong.', 'answer_start': 501}
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According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigiko...
Who holds supreme judicial power in Estonia?
{'text': 'the Supreme Court or Riigikohus', 'answer_start': 292}
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Global agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, give "sovereign national rights over biological resources" (not property). The agreements commit countries to "conserve biodiversity", "develop resources for sustainability" and "share the benefits" resulting from their use. Biodiverse countries that all...
What is the process of collecting national rights?
{'text': 'Bioprospecting', 'answer_start': 519}
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About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D...
What has significantly contributed to shaping the Dry McMurdo Valleys?
{'text': 'cryptoendoliths', 'answer_start': 160}
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Valencia is a bilingual city: Valencian and Spanish are the two official languages. Spanish is official in all of Spain, whereas Valencian is official in the Valencian Country, as well as in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, where it receives the name of Catalan. Despite the differentiated denomination, the distinct ...
What language is official in Valencia besides Valencian?
{'text': 'Spanish', 'answer_start': 44}
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When talking about the German language, the term German dialects is only used for the traditional regional varieties. That allows them to be distinguished from the regional varieties of modern standard German.
Because of this, what is ancient standard German distinguished from?
{'text': 'regional varieties of modern standard German', 'answer_start': 164}
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By the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir William Hamilton's excavations at Pom...
What did movement incorporate by the mid-1800s?
{'text': 'a greater range of Classical influences', 'answer_start': 63}
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Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenur...
In 1999, who uncovered information that exonerated death row inmate Anthony Porter only 2 days before his scheduled death?
{'text': 'Northwestern student journalists', 'answer_start': 498}
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Since annelids are soft-bodied, their fossils are rare. Polychaetes' fossil record consists mainly of the jaws that some species had and the mineralized tubes that some secreted. Some Ediacaran fossils such as Dickinsonia in some ways resemble polychaetes, but the similarities are too vague for these fossils to be clas...
When did Cloudina exist?
{'text': '549 to 542 million years ago', 'answer_start': 383}
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The Bulgarian Empire was in decline by the 14th century, and the ascendancy of Serbia was marked by the Serbian victory over the Bulgarians in the Battle of Velbazhd in 1330. By 1346, the Serbian king Stefan Dušan had been proclaimed emperor. Yet Serbian dominance was short-lived; the Serbian army led by the Lazar Hreb...
In what year was the Battle of Kosovo?
{'text': '1389', 'answer_start': 387}
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The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha...
What year was the BIT founded?
{'text': '1881', 'answer_start': 73}
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By 1957, pan-Arabism was the dominant ideology of the Arab world, and the average Arab citizen considered Nasser his undisputed leader. Historian Adeed Dawisha credited Nasser's status to his "charisma, bolstered by his perceived victory in the Suez Crisis". The Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs radio station spread Nasse...
What were Arab admirers of Nasser called?
{'text': 'Nasserites', 'answer_start': 887}
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On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities ...
What position was held by Gaddafi's brother-in-law?
{'text': 'head of state security', 'answer_start': 120}
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The English sailor and adventurer William Adams (1564–1620) was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai. The Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu presented him with two swords representing the authority of a samurai, and decreed that William Adams the sailor was dead and that Anjin Miura (三浦按針), a samurai, was born. Ad...
What was William Adams's Japanese name?
{'text': 'Anjin Miura', 'answer_start': 277}
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The first known smelting of iron began in Anatolia, around 1800 BC. Called the bloomery process, it produced very soft but ductile wrought iron. By 800 BC, iron-making technology had spread to Europe, arriving in Japan around 700 AD. Pig iron, a very hard but brittle alloy of iron and carbon, was being produced in Chin...
Pig iron is composed of iron and what else?
{'text': 'carbon', 'answer_start': 286}
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Differences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex. People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful. And Italian women tolerate less intense electric shock than Jewis...
What are pain thresholds and tolerance perception associated with?
{'text': 'ethnicity, genetics, and sex', 'answer_start': 98}
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Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing.
When did Ado Grenzstein die?
{'text': '1870s', 'answer_start': 89}
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Changes this season include only airing one episode a week during the final ten. Coca Cola ended their longtime sponsorship of the show and Ford Motor Company maintained a reduced role. The winner of the season also received a recording contract with Big Machine Records.
This season, the winner won a recording contract with what company?
{'text': 'Big Machine Records', 'answer_start': 251}
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In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by c. 5800 BC (L...
Who possibly created the earliest system of dolmens?
{'text': 'The Vinča culture', 'answer_start': 694}
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According to the scriptures, soon after the death of the Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held; a monk named Mahākāśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa) presided. The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings. Upāli recited the vinaya. Ānanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon to recite the dham...
Who was the Buddha's personal attendant?
{'text': 'Ānanda', 'answer_start': 245}
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Roman religious beliefs date back to the founding of Rome, around 800 BC. However, the Roman religion commonly associated with the republic and early empire did not begin until around 500 BC, when Romans came in contact with Greek culture, and adopted many of the Greek religious beliefs. Private and personal worship wa...
What religious element could be found in all Roman households?
{'text': 'an altar', 'answer_start': 438}
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Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the...
What was a way in which a free peasant might become an aristocrat?
{'text': 'military service', 'answer_start': 1216}
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Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as we...
Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?
{'text': 'Western and Southern coastal regions', 'answer_start': 268}
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Digital cameras have far surpassed film in terms of sensitivity to light, with ISO equivalent speeds of up to 409,600, a number that is unfathomable in the realm of conventional film photography. Faster processors, as well as advances in software noise reduction techniques allow this type of processing to be executed t...
What ISO equivalent speeds can digital cameras obtain?
{'text': '409,600', 'answer_start': 110}
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The Downtown District is the home of the Third Street Promenade, a major outdoor pedestrian-only shopping district that stretches for three blocks between Wilshire Blvd. and Broadway (not the same Broadway in downtown and south Los Angeles). Third Street is closed to vehicles for those three blocks to allow people to s...
What two major department stores are located at the Third Street Promenade?
{'text': "Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom", 'answer_start': 403}
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Following the Ulm Campaign, French forces managed to capture Vienna in November. The fall of Vienna provided the French a huge bounty as they captured 100,000 muskets, 500 cannons, and the intact bridges across the Danube. At this critical juncture, both Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II decided to eng...
When was the Battle of Austerlitz fought?
{'text': '2 December', 'answer_start': 808}
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The climatic changes of the late Jurassic and Cretaceous provided for further adaptive radiation. The Jurassic was the height of archosaur diversity, and the first birds and eutherian mammals also appeared. Angiosperms radiated sometime in the early Cretaceous, first in the tropics, but the even temperature gradient al...
The temperature gradient prevented what land species growth?
{'text': 'Angiosperms', 'answer_start': 207}
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In June 2013, West and television personality Kim Kardashian announced the birth of their first child, North. In October 2013, the couple announced their engagement to widespread media attention. November 2013, West stated that he was beginning work on his next studio album, hoping to release it by mid-2014, with produ...
What brand set to collaborate on an apparel line with Kanye?
{'text': 'Adidas', 'answer_start': 369}
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In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.
What constitutes the viral genome?
{'text': 'RNA', 'answer_start': 116}
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Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus. But in 2006 a divided United Nations General Assembly voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights. In Ja...
What did China and Russia both do in 2008 ?
{'text': 'vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar', 'answer_start': 349}
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The province's name derives from the Zhe River (浙江, Zhè Jiāng), the former name of the Qiantang River which flows past Hangzhou and whose mouth forms Hangzhou Bay. It is usually glossed as meaning "Crooked" or "Bent River", from the meaning of Chinese 折, but is more likely a phono-semantic compound formed from adding 氵...
What is the former name of the Zhe River?
{'text': 'Qiantang River', 'answer_start': 87}
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The foregoing trees, shrubs and herbs are also more widely distributed in less rich mesic forests that generally occupy coves, stream valleys and flood plains throughout the southern and central Appalachians at low and intermediate elevations. In the northern Appalachians and at higher elevations of the central and sou...
What is the scientific name for the American beech?
{'text': 'Tilia americana', 'answer_start': 493}
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When Eisenhower was elected President in 1952, he believed hiring practices and anti-discrimination laws should be decided by the states, although the administration gradually continued to desegregate the Armed Forces and the federal government.:50 The President also established the Government Contract Committee in 195...
Who was the chairman of the old committee?
{'text': 'Vice President Richard Nixon', 'answer_start': 459}
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The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ...
Who discovered morphine?
{'text': 'Friedrich Sertürner', 'answer_start': 425}
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In 2003 Imperial was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right by the Privy Council. The London Centre for Nanotechnology was established in the same year as a joint venture between UCL and Imperial College London. In 2004 the Tanaka Business School (now named the Imperial College Business School) and a new Main ...
In which year was the London Centre for Nanotechnology established?
{'text': '2003', 'answer_start': 3}
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New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August...
In the winter of 1947, the National Museum started with a display of Indian art in what location?
{'text': 'Royal Academy in London', 'answer_start': 143}
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Verdigris is made by placing a plate or blade of copper, brass or bronze, slightly warmed, into a vat of fermenting wine, leaving it there for several weeks, and then scraping off and drying the green powder that forms on the metal. The process of making verdigris was described in ancient times by Pliny. It was used by...
In what city did the Romans use verdigris in murals?
{'text': 'Pompeii', 'answer_start': 349}
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Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), in order to promote international relations has established an International Relations Secretariat (IRC). KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States. This activity has been further enhanced by establishing formal relat...
With what Belorussian city does Kathmandu have a relationship?
{'text': 'Minsk', 'answer_start': 476}
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Another family of bowlback mandolins came from Milan and Lombardy. These mandolins are closer to the mandolino or mandore than other modern mandolins. They are shorter and wider than the standard Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallow back. The instruments have 6 strings, 3 wire treble-strings and 3 gut or wire-wrapped-si...
What do the Lombardic mandolins resemble more than modern mandolins?
{'text': 'mandolino or mandore', 'answer_start': 101}
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The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti and inadequate ...
What factor has caused an increased demand for fish?
{'text': 'rising population', 'answer_start': 4}
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Some Europeans living among Indigenous Americans were called "white Indians". They "lived in native communities for years, learned native languages fluently, attended native councils, and often fought alongside their native companions." More numerous and typical were traders and trappers, who married Indigenous America...
Where did Indigenous Americans keep bases?
{'text': 'cities', 'answer_start': 420}
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On 16 March 2011, the freighter MS Oliva ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy fuel oil into the ocean, leaving an oil slick threatening the island's population of rockhopper penguins. Nightingale Island has no fresh water, so the penguins were transported to Tristan da Cunha for cleaning.
where were the penguins transported for cleaning?
{'text': 'Tristan da Cunha', 'answer_start': 280}
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Contrary to popular belief, if placed properly and prepared-for, drums could be effectively used and heard on even the earliest jazz and military band recordings. The loudest instruments such as the drums and trumpets were positioned the farthest away from the collecting horn. Lillian Hardin Armstrong, a member of King...
What tool was used to improve sound quality in early recordings for special effects?
{'text': 'moveable platform', 'answer_start': 697}
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The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide...
What did Burke nickname his paternalistic doctrine?
{'text': 'smuggling adventure', 'answer_start': 656}
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Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the s...
Who suggests that the mulberry garden is likely a place for debauchery?
{'text': 'Clement Walker', 'answer_start': 466}
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Local anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into the phantom l...
What happens when an anesthetic injection is directed into the nerves a limb stump?
{'text': 'may relieve pain', 'answer_start': 76}
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As of 21 February 2016[update] Spectre has grossed $879.3 million worldwide; $138.1 million of the takings have been generated from the UK market and $199.8 million from North America.
How much revenue did Spectre produce from the British, Scottish, and Irish market by 2/21/2016?
{'text': '$138.1 million', 'answer_start': 77}
7,900
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Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developm...
What is a name for the reduced complement of genetic material necessary for an organism to live?
{'text': 'minimal genomes', 'answer_start': 209}
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Plymouth is served by Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust and the city's NHS hospital is Derriford Hospital 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The Royal Eye Infirmary is located at Derriford Hospital. South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust operates in Plymouth and the rest of the south west; its headquarte...
In kilometers, how far is Derriford Hospital from the Plymouth city center?
{'text': '6', 'answer_start': 110}
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Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil...
What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004?
{'text': '5.8%', 'answer_start': 120}
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Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member stat...
What governs the ECB?
{'text': 'European law', 'answer_start': 32}
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New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports ...
About how many major professional sports teams have been based at one time or another in New York?
{'text': 'forty', 'answer_start': 512}
109,860
109,518
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The 1990s, along with a rise in object-oriented programming, saw a growth in how data in various databases were handled. Programmers and designers began to treat the data in their databases as objects. That is to say that if a person's data were in a database, that person's attributes, such as their address, phone numb...
How is the problem of object-relational impedance mismatch corrected?
{'text': 'object-oriented language', 'answer_start': 763}
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Over 600,000 students are enrolled in New York City's over 120 higher education institutions, the highest number of any city in the United States, including over half million in the City University of New York (CUNY) system alone in 2014. In 2005, three out of five Manhattan residents were college graduates, and one ou...
About how many students attend schools in the City University of New York system?
{'text': 'half million', 'answer_start': 162}
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23-year-old Candice Glover won the season with Kree Harrison taking the runner-up spot. Glover is the first female to win American Idol since Jordin Sparks. Glover released "I Am Beautiful" as a single while Harrison released "All Cried Out" immediately after the show. Glover sold poorly with her debut album, and this ...
What was the first song released by Candice Glover after winning American Idol?
{'text': 'I Am Beautiful', 'answer_start': 174}
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Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co...
What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if sugar is present?
{'text': 'reddish', 'answer_start': 310}
86,727
86,385
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Articles 77–79 of the Norwegian Constitution specifically grant the monarch of Norway the right to withhold royal assent from any bill passed by the Storting. Should the sovereign ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be over-ridden: "If a Bill has been passed unalter...
Which article in the Norweigan Constitution provides a way to override a monarch's veto?
{'text': 'Article 79', 'answer_start': 220}
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Consent is also invalid if it is given by a representative who ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign during the negotiations, if the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing.[citation needed]
Who might place restrictions on a representative during negotiation of a treaty?
{'text': 'his sovereign', 'answer_start': 104}
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There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda. The United States maintains the largest diplomatic mission in Bermuda, comprising both the United States Consulate and the US Customs and Border Protection Services at the L.F. Wade International Airport. The current US Consul General is Robert Settje, who took office in A...
What percentage do the 14% US citizen residents of Bermuda represent as foreign born persons?
{'text': '5%', 'answer_start': 560}
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Seattle also has large lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. According to a 2006 study by UCLA, 12.9% of city residents polled identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. This was the second-highest proportion of any major U.S. city, behind San Francisco Greater Seattle also ranked second among major U.S. m...
What is Seattle's ranking for same sex households as compared with the rest of the US?
{'text': 'highest percentage', 'answer_start': 491}
115,225
114,883
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It must be emphasized, however, that an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them. For Whitehead, creativity is the absolute principle of existence, and every entity (whether it is a human being, a tree, or an electron) has some degree of novelty in how it responds t...
Other than the combination of its relations, what else defines an entity?
{'text': 'an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them', 'answer_start': 37}
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Football and cycling are the most popular sports in Eritrea. In recent years, Eritrean athletes have also seen increasing success in the international arena. Zersenay Tadese, an Eritrean athlete, currently holds the world record in half marathon distance running. The Tour of Eritrea, a multi-stage international cycling...
What are the most popular sports in Eritrea?
{'text': 'Football and cycling', 'answer_start': 0}
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Groups of humans have always identified themselves as distinct from neighboring groups, but such differences have not always been understood to be natural, immutable and global. These features are the distinguishing features of how the concept of race is used today. In this way the idea of race as we understand it toda...
What have human groups always considered themselves as compared to other nearby groups?
{'text': 'distinct', 'answer_start': 54}
9,689
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The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop dep...
Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?
{'text': 'the governor general', 'answer_start': 174}
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On 6 September 2007, Belgian-based International Polar Foundation unveiled the Princess Elisabeth station, the world's first zero-emissions polar science station in Antarctica to research climate change. Costing $16.3 million, the prefabricated station, which is part of the International Polar Year, was shipped to the ...
What happened on 7 September 2006?
{'text': 'Belgian-based International Polar Foundation unveiled the Princess Elisabeth station', 'answer_start': 21}
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Feynman's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos "Water Boiler", a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality. On completing this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in devising safety...
Which weapon did Feynman found to not be feasible?
{'text': 'uranium hydride bomb', 'answer_start': 588}
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Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han...
Who was the father of Abd al-Malik?
{'text': 'Marwan', 'answer_start': 0}
18,097
17,755
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generic
The end for the Laemmles came with a lavish version of Show Boat (1936), a remake of its earlier 1929 part-talkie production, and produced as a high-quality, big-budget film rather than as a B-picture. The new film featured several stars from the Broadway stage version, which began production in late 1935, and unlike t...
In what year had Universal previously made a version of Show Boat?
{'text': '1929', 'answer_start': 97}
57,434
57,092
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Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-So...
How many native German speakers consider themselves German?
{'text': '80 million', 'answer_start': 77}
21,559
21,217
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In 2000[update], there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 50.6% used public transport to get to work, and 20.6% used...
How much of the working population uses public transportation?
{'text': '50.6%', 'answer_start': 262}
23,996
23,654
56f953f49b226e1400dd1326
generic
The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the en...
Of what ancestry are most Marshall Islands citizens?
{'text': 'Marshallese', 'answer_start': 60}
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82,720
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generic
Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) in addition to numerous club sports. The women's lacrosse team won five consecutive NCAA national championships between 2005 and 2009, went undefeated in 2005 and 2009, added more NCAA championships in 2011 and 2012, giving them 7 NCAA champ...
How many women's intercollegiate athletic teams are fielded by Northwestern?
{'text': '11', 'answer_start': 67}
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45,921
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generic
Nintendo's near monopoly on the home video game market left it with a degree of influence over the industry. Unlike Atari, which never actively courted third-party developers (and even went to court in an attempt to force Activision to cease production of Atari 2600 games), Nintendo had anticipated and encouraged the i...
Nintendo's measures for third party game developers weren't adopted by which later manufacturers?
{'text': 'Sega, Sony, and Microsoft', 'answer_start': 506}
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34,925
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generic
Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150,...
Who claims Old English was in use for from 450 to 1150 years?
{'text': 'Albert Baugh', 'answer_start': 272}
98,399
98,057
5ad397e1604f3c001a3fe7d3
generic
Miami is home to one of the largest ports in the United States, the PortMiami. It is the largest cruise ship port in the world. The port is often called the "Cruise Capital of the World" and the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas". It has retained its status as the number one cruise/passenger port in the world for well ove...
How many square meters is PortMiami?
{'text': '(2', 'answer_start': 741}
27,036
26,694
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generic
The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite li...
When did Europe abandon standard transmission?
{'text': 'mid-1990s', 'answer_start': 485}
73,163
72,821
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generic
Ideas for affirmative action came as early as the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) in which a former slave population lacked the skills and resources for sustainable living. In 1865, General William Tecumseh Sherman proposed to divide the land and goods from Georgia and grant it to families of color which became the "For...
Who was the first person to utilize the term "affirmative action"?
{'text': 'President John F. Kennedy', 'answer_start': 953}
127,609
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generic
Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy is a historical museum known as the "St. Barts Municipal Museum" also called the "Wall House" (musée – bibliothèque) in Gustavia, which is located on the far end of La Pointe. The museum is housed in an old stone house, a two-storey building which has been refurbished. The island’s h...
What is the French name for the historic museum in St. Barts?
{'text': 'Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy', 'answer_start': 0}
21,212
20,870
5ad26eb5d7d075001a4293fe
generic
The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a foreign language.
In which two countries is standard German used everyday?
{'text': 'Switzerland and Liechtenstein', 'answer_start': 17}
119,032
118,690
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generic
Training programs vary in length; for example, 3M0X1 (Services) has 31 days of tech school training, while 3E8X1 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is one year of training with a preliminary school and a main school consisting of over 10 separate divisions, sometimes taking students close to two years to complete. Officer t...
How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last?
{'text': 'excess of one year', 'answer_start': 505}
38,112
37,770
5a64ed447f3c80001a150bf4
generic
Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machine...
How many definitions are printable characters?
{'text': '95 printable characters', 'answer_start': 561}
88,564
88,222
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generic
The earliest written form of the Germanic word God (always, in this usage, capitalized) comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which meant eit...
Where does the word God come from originally?
{'text': 'Codex Argenteus', 'answer_start': 125}
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generic
Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic...
Is Spain apart of federalism?
{'text': 'Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.', 'answer_start': 967}
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The Red Lion in Parliament Square is close to the Palace of Westminster and is consequently used by political journalists and members of parliament. The pub is equipped with a Division bell that summons MPs back to the chamber when they are required to take part in a vote. The Punch Bowl, Mayfair was at one time jointl...
What pub was visited by Freddie Mercury?
{'text': 'The Coleherne', 'answer_start': 356}
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Wilson's government was responsible for a number of sweeping social and educational reforms under the leadership of Home Secretary Roy Jenkins such as the abolishment of the death penalty in 1964, the legalisation of abortion and homosexuality (initially only for men aged 21 or over, and only in England and Wales) in 1...
When was abortion criminalized in Britain?
{'text': '1967', 'answer_start': 319}