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The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that "it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In r...
Where did the Constitution write that it's not possible to give each department equal power?
{'text': 'Federalist 51', 'answer_start': 135}
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Times Atlases have been produced since 1895. They are currently produced by the Collins Bartholomew imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. The flagship product is The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World.
The Times began producing what kind of non-newspaper product in 1895?
{'text': 'Atlases', 'answer_start': 6}
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The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of C. W. Alcock. England is also home to...
What country is the home of the first football league?
{'text': 'England', 'answer_start': 235}
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Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981. The population density is 1.4 persons per hectare, which can be compared to 2.07 persons per hectare for the South West region. Within the county, population densi...
What is the population growth rate of Somerset county
{'text': 'Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981', 'answer_start': 0}
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Several countries have established their national churches, linking the ecclesiastical structure with the state. Jurisdictions where a Protestant denomination has been established as a state religion include several Nordic countries; Denmark (including Greenland), the Faroe Islands (its church being independent since 2...
Who has the only Reformed church?
{'text': 'Tuvalu', 'answer_start': 393}
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The decorations were seldom displayed, however. After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons. The awards were displayed i...
In what year was Tito's funeral?
{'text': '1980', 'answer_start': 357}
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Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line. Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, incl...
What company successfully revived several superheroes?
{'text': 'Atlas', 'answer_start': 435}
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Bush and Kerry met for the third and final debate at Arizona State University on October 13. 51 million viewers watched the debate which was moderated by Bob Schieffer of CBS News. However, at the time of the ASU debate, there were 15.2 million viewers tuned in to watch the Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simu...
Who did Kerry publicize as a lesbian while discussing gay rights, some time after the debate?
{'text': "Vice President Cheney's daughter", 'answer_start': 415}
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Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995...
What event occurred in 1995 that essentially ended Milosevic's trial?
{'text': 'He died', 'answer_start': 138}
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The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo). Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swa...
When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?
{'text': 'November 1963', 'answer_start': 73}
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The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for t...
Do antibiotics interact with birth control pills?
{'text': 'The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills', 'answer_start': 0}
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The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, it is also the capital of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.
What city is the official capital of the National Capital Territory of Delhi?
{'text': 'New Delhi', 'answer_start': 31}
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Very low sounds are also produced in various species of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea and Neuroptera. These low sounds are simply the sounds made by the insect's movement. Through microscopic stridulatory structures located on the insect's muscles and joints, the normal sounds of the insect moving are ...
Low insect sounds can be heard through what?
{'text': 'microscopic stridulatory structures', 'answer_start': 197}
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The placing of the nails in the hands, or the wrists is also uncertain. Some theories suggest that the Greek word cheir (χειρ) for hand includes the wrist and that the Romans were generally trained to place nails through Destot's space (between the capitate and lunate bones) without fracturing any bones. Another theory...
What did Destot use instead of nails to avoid fracturing bones?
{'text': 'Ropes', 'answer_start': 457}
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In the early 20th century, Carl von Voit and Max Rubner independently measured caloric energy expenditure in different species of animals, applying principles of physics in nutrition. In 1906, Edith G. Willcock and Frederick Hopkins showed that the amino acid tryptophan aids the well-being of mice but it did not assure...
Which amino acid can assist with the well - being of mice but not necessarily their growth?
{'text': 'tryptophan', 'answer_start': 260}
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Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director; his most famous film is Nha Fala (English: My Voice). Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau. (The first feature film was N’tturudu, by director Umban u’Kest in 1987.) At FESPACO...
What prize did the film Mortu Nega win?
{'text': 'Oumarou Ganda Prize', 'answer_start': 358}
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The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th sta...
What date did Tennessee become one of the United States of America?
{'text': 'June 1, 1796', 'answer_start': 326}
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The Council does not have executive powers but meets biannually to discuss issues of mutual importance. Similarly, the Parliamentary Assembly has no legislative powers but investigates and collects witness evidence from the public on matters of mutual concern to its members. Reports on its findings are presented to the...
What does the British-Irish Council discuss?
{'text': 'issues of mutual importance', 'answer_start': 75}
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The reaction to the encyclical's continued prohibitions of artificial birth control was very mixed. In Italy, Spain, Portugal and Poland, the encyclical was welcomed. In Latin America, much support developed for the Pope and his encyclical. As World Bank President Robert McNamara declared at the 1968 Annual Meeting of ...
Who was president of the World Bank in 1968?
{'text': 'Robert McNamara', 'answer_start': 265}
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Whereas the chromosomes of prokaryotes are relatively gene-dense, those of eukaryotes often contain regions of DNA that serve no obvious function. Simple single-celled eukaryotes have relatively small amounts of such DNA, whereas the genomes of complex multicellular organisms, including humans, contain an absolute majo...
What type of organism has relatively gene dense chromosomes?
{'text': 'prokaryotes', 'answer_start': 27}
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In addition to limiting the total average power used by the device, the USB specification limits the inrush current (i.e., that used to charge decoupling and filter capacitors) when the device is first connected. Otherwise, connecting a device could cause problems with the host's internal power. USB devices are also re...
What does the USB specification limit?
{'text': 'the inrush current', 'answer_start': 97}
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Since the mid-1980s, Spielberg has increased his role as a film producer. He headed up the production team for several cartoons, including the Warner Bros. hits Tiny Toon Adventures, Animaniacs, Pinky and the Brain, Toonsylvania, and Freakazoid!, for which he collaborated with Jean MacCurdy and Tom Ruegger. Due to his ...
In what year was the Starbright Foundation launched?
{'text': '1996', 'answer_start': 1257}
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Poland has historically been staunchly pro-American, dating back to General Tadeusz Kościuszko and Casimir Pulaski's involvement in the American Revolution. This pro-American stance was reinforced following favorable American intervention in World War I (leading to the creation of an independent Poland) and the Cold Wa...
To who was a quote referring to Poland as a Soviet state attributed?
{'text': 'James Pavitt', 'answer_start': 534}
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Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was su...
What flew by Neptune in 1988?
{'text': 'Voyager 2', 'answer_start': 777}
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A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the dat...
Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?
{'text': 'on a swing arm', 'answer_start': 435}
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The Internet was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts. For example, the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery. After knowing that rescue helicopters had trouble landing into the epicenter area in We...
Where did rescue helicopters have trouble landing?
{'text': 'Wenchuan', 'answer_start': 318}
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In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and whe...
Why do all police acts limit when police can interfere without court orders?
{'text': 'To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law', 'answer_start': 86}
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Among predators there is a large degree of specialization. Many predators specialize in hunting only one species of prey. Others are more opportunistic and will kill and eat almost anything (examples: humans, leopards, dogs and alligators). The specialists are usually particularly well suited to capturing their preferr...
If scavengers' food becomes scarce, they may turn to what type of diet?
{'text': 'herbivorous', 'answer_start': 739}
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Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. Other potential triggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers. Diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over tim...
What are two enviromental factors?
{'text': 'exposure to air pollution and allergens', 'answer_start': 116}
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It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at...
When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?
{'text': 'January 1661', 'answer_start': 267}
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Most airports welcome filming on site, although it must be agreed in advance and may be subject to a fee. Landside, filming can take place in all public areas. However airside, filming is heavily restricted, the only airside locations where filming is permitted are the Departure Lounge and some outside areas. To film i...
What visitor locations permit filming with a fee?
{'text': 'the Departure Lounge and some outside areas', 'answer_start': 266}
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Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union. The states are required to give "full faith and credit" to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include th...
What does article V, Section three of the US Constitution outline?
{'text': 'the relationship among the states', 'answer_start': 82}
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The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide ...
What happened four years after the introduction of the World Wide Web?
{'text': 'The remaining restrictions were removed', 'answer_start': 222}
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In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor "Old Iranian" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) "Old" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Ca...
What language to Kurdish become?
{'text': 'Carduchi', 'answer_start': 318}
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Although not a centre for handicrafts itself, the patronage of the arts by the Mughals and Nizams attracted artisans from the region to Hyderabad. Such crafts include: Bidriware, a metalwork handicraft from neighbouring Karnataka, which was popularised during the 18th century and has since been granted a Geographical I...
In which century did metalwork become popular in Hyderabad?
{'text': 'the 18th century', 'answer_start': 260}
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In 1999, a Greatest Hits III album was released. This featured, among others, "Queen + Wyclef Jean" on a rap version of "Another One Bites the Dust". A live version of "Somebody to Love" by George Michael and a live version of "The Show Must Go On" with Elton John were also featured in the album. By this point, Queen's...
What year was Queen's third greatest hits album released?
{'text': '1999', 'answer_start': 3}
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On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the ...
What was the name of the French military port that opened on 5 August 1858?
{'text': 'port of Cherbourg', 'answer_start': 336}
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After finishing last in the NL Central with 66 wins in 2006, the Cubs re-tooled and went from "worst to first" in 2007. In the offseason they signed Alfonso Soriano to a contract at 8 years for $136 million, and replaced manager Dusty Baker with fiery veteran manager Lou Piniella. After a rough start, which included a ...
How many wins did the Cubs finish the NL Central with in 2006?
{'text': '66', 'answer_start': 44}
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Phil Skinner played a key role in 20th century development of the mandolin movement in Australia, and was awarded an MBE in 1979 for services to music and the community. He was born Harry Skinner in Sydney in 1903 and started learning music at age 10 when his uncle tutored him on the banjo. Skinner began teaching part-...
When did the Australian mandolin movement begin?
{'text': '20th century', 'answer_start': 34}
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In 1814, a secret organization called the Filiki Eteria (Society of Friends) was founded with the aim of liberating Greece. The Filiki Eteria planned to launch revolution in the Peloponnese, the Danubian Principalities and Constantinople. The first of these revolts began on 6 March 1821 in the Danubian Principalities u...
The first of several revolutions began when?
{'text': '6 March 1821', 'answer_start': 275}
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Other notable Old Etonians include scientists Robert Boyle, John Maynard Smith, J. B. S. Haldane, Stephen Wolfram and the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner, John Gurdon; Beau Brummell; economists John Maynard Keynes and Richard Layard; Antarctic explorer Lawrence Oates; politician Alan Clark; entreprene...
What is Roger Quilter's occupation?
{'text': 'cricket commentator', 'answer_start': 379}
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Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists a...
What was Whitehead's opinion of nonmetaphysical investigations?
{'text': 'regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy', 'answer_start': 874}
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In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba...
During the reign of what Emperor did the Persians occupy Egypt?
{'text': 'Heraclius', 'answer_start': 828}
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The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant...
Who designed the house for the Duke of Buckingham?
{'text': 'William Winde', 'answer_start': 140}
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Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon. The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryde...
Chopin was actually born outside of Warsaw at what location?
{'text': 'Żelazowa Wola', 'answer_start': 28}
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Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General Will...
What was the name of the largest battle fought in North Carolina?
{'text': 'Bentonville', 'answer_start': 215}
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Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica, while the Adélie penguin breeds farther south than an...
What breed of penguin lives in Antarctica?
{'text': 'emperor penguin', 'answer_start': 186}
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Kievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus...
What did Yaroslav sons achieve during his time in Keivan Rus?
{'text': 'issued its first written legal code', 'answer_start': 629}
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In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe "Bobby" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Tran...
What former chairman of the committee said it's investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse?
{'text': 'Jim Oberstar', 'answer_start': 712}
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In the British West Indian islands (and also in the United States), the majority of enslaved blacks brought across the Atlantic came from West Africa (roughly between modern Senegal and Ghana). Very little of Bermuda's original black emigration came from this area. The first blacks to arrive in Bermuda in any numbers w...
Who has ancestry that is distinctly different from the blacks of Latin America?
{'text': 'black Bermudians', 'answer_start': 816}
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Beginning in August, the competition proceeds as a knockout tournament throughout, consisting of twelve rounds, a semi-final and then a final, in May. A system of byes ensures clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages. There is no seeding, the fixtures in each round being determined by a random d...
What enters the competition in early stages?
{'text': 'clubs above Level 9 and 10', 'answer_start': 176}
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A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be...
Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?
{'text': 'Canada', 'answer_start': 235}
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In soil, microorganisms that reside in the rhizosphere (a zone that includes the root surface and the soil that adheres to the root after gentle shaking) carry out nitrogen fixation, converting nitrogen gas to nitrogenous compounds. This serves to provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen for many plants, which can...
What is the amount of bacteria in human intestines?
{'text': 'over 1,000 bacterial species', 'answer_start': 452}
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Pope Paul VI knew the Roman Curia well, having worked there for a generation from 1922 to 1954. He implemented his reforms in stages, rather than in one fell swoop. On 1 March 1968, he issued a regulation, a process that had been initiated by Pius XII and continued by John XXIII. On 28 March, with Pontificalis Domus, a...
For whom did Paul VI work for from 1922 to 1954?
{'text': 'Roman Curia', 'answer_start': 22}
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Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell", and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed...
What was the date of Queen Victorias birth?
{'text': '22 January 1901', 'answer_start': 360}
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In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to modify rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming, and louder vocals, from electric blues. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The ...
What song did The Kinks record in 1965?
{'text': 'My Generation', 'answer_start': 521}
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UNFPA's connection to China's administration of forced abortions was refuted by investigations carried out by various US, UK, and UN teams sent to examine UNFPA activities in China. Specifically, a three-person U.S State Department fact-finding team was sent on a two-week tour throughout China. It wrote in a report to ...
How many people were on the U.S. fact-finding team?
{'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 198}
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During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
What size rocket was being developed at the end of the war?
{'text': '3-inch', 'answer_start': 484}
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In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, re...
What year did Baden split from Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern
{'text': '1952', 'answer_start': 3}
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Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon. The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryde...
When was his birthday recorded as being?
{'text': '22 February 1810', 'answer_start': 212}
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Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, a...
What acronym was given to North Vietnamese troops?
{'text': 'RVN', 'answer_start': 104}
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In France during the Middle Ages, there were two Great Officers of the Crown of France with police responsibilities: The Marshal of France and the Constable of France. The military policing responsibilities of the Marshal of France were delegated to the Marshal's provost, whose force was known as the Marshalcy because ...
Which two entities in Medieval France had police duties?
{'text': 'The Marshal of France and the Constable of France', 'answer_start': 117}
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The west Balkan coast was inhabited by various Illyrian tribes and kingdoms such as the kingdom of the Dalmatae and of the Ardiaei, who often engaged in piracy under Queen Teuta (reigned 231 BC to 227 BCE). Further inland was the Illyrian Paeonian Kingdom and the tribe of the Agrianes which covers most of the modern re...
What type or ornamentation was featured on the Illyrians shilds and war belts?
{'text': 'Ancient Macedon', 'answer_start': 700}
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During his bid to be elected president in 2004, Kerry frequently criticized President George W. Bush for the Iraq War. While Kerry had initially voted in support of authorizing President Bush to use force in dealing with Saddam Hussein, he voted against an $87 billion supplemental appropriations bill to pay for the sub...
Who did Kerry criticize during the 2004 campaign?
{'text': 'President George W. Bush', 'answer_start': 76}
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Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed. Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotg...
About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year in the UK?
{'text': 'thirty-five million', 'answer_start': 110}
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After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution...
What general assembly resolution never established genocide as a prosecutable act?
{'text': 'the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide', 'answer_start': 482}
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The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...
What did the Duke of York require every community in his lands to support?
{'text': 'some church', 'answer_start': 103}
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After its release, Evita garnered critical appreciation. Zach Conner from Time magazine commented, "It's a relief to say that Evita is pretty damn fine, well cast and handsomely visualized. Madonna once again confounds our expectations. She plays Evita with a poignant weariness and has more than just a bit of star qual...
What is the name of Madonna's daughter?
{'text': 'Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon', 'answer_start': 822}
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As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert. In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. Synapsids, commonly known as "mammal-like reptiles", were common in Antarctica during...
What did most of Gondwana become when the polar ice melted?
{'text': 'desert', 'answer_start': 90}
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The Arians no longer presented an unbroken front to their orthodox opponents. The Emperor Constantius, who had been the cause of so much trouble, died 4 November, 361 and was succeeded by Julian. The proclamation of the new prince's accession was the signal for a pagan outbreak against the still dominant Arian faction ...
Were the Arians united in their oppostion?
{'text': 'The Arians no longer presented an unbroken front', 'answer_start': 0}
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The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval gun...
What was signalled in 1904 when HMS Illustrious launched an strike on an Italian fleet?
{'text': 'the beginning of the effective and highly mobile aircraft strikes', 'answer_start': 526}
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Film speed is used in the exposure equations to find the appropriate exposure parameters. Four variables are available to the photographer to obtain the desired effect: lighting, film speed, f-number (aperture size), and shutter speed (exposure time). The equation may be expressed as ratios, or, by taking the logarithm...
The ratio between the diameter and square root of the aperture is called what?
{'text': 'effective f-number', 'answer_start': 488}
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Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of D...
Who was known as China's greatest poet and lived in Tang?
{'text': 'Du Fu', 'answer_start': 319}
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The Namibian Constitution adopted in February 1990 incorporated protection for human rights, compensation for state expropriations of private property, an independent judiciary and an executive presidency (the constituent assembly became the national assembly). The country officially became independent on 21 March 1990...
What was ceded to Namibia in 1994?
{'text': 'Walvis Bay', 'answer_start': 530}
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Outside of the Low Countries, it is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname, and also holds official status in the Caribbean island nations of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Historical minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France and Germany, and in Indonesia,[n 1] while u...
It's been estimated that up to what number of native Dutch speakers live in Australia, the U.S., and Canada?
{'text': 'half a million', 'answer_start': 325}
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According to John Everett-Heath, the author of Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names, Hyderabad means "Haydar's city" or "lion city", from haydar (lion) and ābād (city). It was named to honour the Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib, who was also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battles. Andrew Petersen...
Hyderabad was named in honor of someone, who was it?
{'text': 'Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib', 'answer_start': 206}
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In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey. By this time, Vi...
Who was promoted from waiter to Munshi?
{'text': 'Abdul Karim', 'answer_start': 594}
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14,358
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The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to...
How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7?
{'text': '207,800', 'answer_start': 472}
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In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva...
In what century did the Middle Ages begin?
{'text': '5th', 'answer_start': 72}
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Hindu philosophy refers to a group of darśanas (philosophies, world views, teachings) that emerged in ancient India. The mainstream Hindu philosophy includes six systems (ṣaḍdarśana) – Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. These are also called the Astika (orthodox) philosophical traditions and are th...
What philosophy does Astika reject?
{'text': 'Vedas', 'answer_start': 340}
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Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, int...
Can women ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge?
{'text': 'depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction', 'answer_start': 705}
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Radio stations played Top 40 hits regardless of genre; although, most were in the same genre until the mid-1970s when different forms of popular music started to target different demographic groups, such as disco vs. hard rock. This evolved into specialized radio stations that played specific genres of music, and gener...
What genre of music was was listening to by a different demographic than hard rock?
{'text': 'disco', 'answer_start': 207}
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Chickens raised intensively for their meat are known as "broilers". Breeds have been developed that can grow to an acceptable carcass size (2 kg (4.4 lb)) in six weeks or less. Broilers grow so fast, their legs cannot always support their weight and their hearts and respiratory systems may not be able to supply enough ...
Why are broilers considered to be very healthy chickens?
{'text': 'their legs cannot always support their weight and their hearts and respiratory systems may not be able to supply enough oxygen to their developing muscles', 'answer_start': 200}
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The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form. Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century. The success of Zig et Puce in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian com...
What 1925 cartoon made speech bubbles popular?
{'text': 'Zig et Puce', 'answer_start': 211}
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Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags sca...
Laurel Sutherlin spoke to which TV station about his concerns?
{'text': 'KPIX-CBS5', 'answer_start': 565}
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Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth. Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known as the ruch egzekucji praw—movement for execution of the laws—which demande...
What significantly increased the magnates wealth?
{'text': 'Magnates', 'answer_start': 0}
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Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation than gene duplication. It is a common means of spreading antibiotic resistance, virule...
What is one example of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes?
{'text': 'alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin', 'answer_start': 468}
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Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Sovi...
What city hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta?
{'text': 'Tallinn', 'answer_start': 408}
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Congress often enacts statutes that grant broad rulemaking authority to federal agencies. Often, Congress is simply too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation, or Congress believes the agency's technical specialists are best equipped to deal with parti...
Regulations normally carry the force of what?
{'text': 'law', 'answer_start': 509}
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It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter before 1971?
{'text': 'minor amendments', 'answer_start': 172}
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It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems fo...
What was viewed by some as enhanced television format and not true HDTV format?
{'text': 'a mooted 750-line', 'answer_start': 90}
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Prior to the Golden Age of Mandolins, France had a history with the mandolin, with mandolinists playing in Paris until the Napoleonic Wars. The players, teachers and composers included Giovanni Fouchetti, Eduardo Mezzacapo, Gabriele Leon, and Gervasio. During the Golden age itself (1880s-1920s), the mandolin had a stro...
When did the mandolinists stop playing in Paris?
{'text': 'Napoleonic Wars.', 'answer_start': 123}
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Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended) in the 1991 Gulf War, the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no-fly zones, to protect Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population—both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after t...
What year did the first Gulf War end?
{'text': '1991', 'answer_start': 95}
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When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term printed wiring board has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB assembly ...
What's the abbreviation for a printed wiring board?
{'text': 'PWB', 'answer_start': 94}
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Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955. After his return, he removed many restrictions on churches and spiritual institutions in Yugoslavia.
After his return from where did Tito remove many restrictions on churches in Yugoslavia?
{'text': 'India', 'answer_start': 13}
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Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100...
How many square miles of water is Boston?
{'text': '41.2 square miles', 'answer_start': 102}
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It was not long until Apple released their first portable computer, the Macintosh Portable in 1989. Although due to considerable design issues, it was soon replaced in 1991 with the first of the PowerBook line: the PowerBook 100, a miniaturized portable; the 16 MHz 68030 PowerBook 140; and the 25 MHz 68030 PowerBook 17...
When was the Macintosh Portable first released?
{'text': '1989', 'answer_start': 94}
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Throughout their history, the Liberals have been in electoral terms largely the party of the middle class (whom Menzies, in the era of the party's formation called "The forgotten people"), though such class-based voting patterns are no longer as clear as they once were. In the 1970s a left-wing middle class emerged tha...
In what year was the Liberal Party founded?
{'text': '1977', 'answer_start': 458}
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Lateral-cut disc records were developed in the United States by Emile Berliner, who named his system the "gramophone", distinguishing it from Edison's wax cylinder "phonograph" and Columbia's wax cylinder "graphophone". Berliner's earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 5 inches (13 cm) in diam...
Where were lateral cut disc records developed?
{'text': 'United States', 'answer_start': 47}
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Other religions that form a small percentage are Buddhism and Sikhism. The Lahaulis of Lahaul and Spiti region are mainly Buddhists. Sikhs mostly live in towns and cities and constitute 1.16% of the state population. For example, they form 10% of the population in Una District adjoining the state of Punjab and 17% in S...
What percentage of the Una District is Buddhist?
{'text': '10%', 'answer_start': 240}