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bibliographies to be exhaustive. When the dates of publication of the
work cited are given, the plan has been in general to give, in the case
of current literature, the date of the latest edition, and in the case
of some classical treatises the date of original publication.
In conclusion, the authors desire to express their indebtedness to their
colleagues and friends Dr. Wright, Mr. Talbert, and Mr. Eastman, who
have aided in the reading of the proof and with other suggestions.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. INTRODUCTION 1
§ 1. _Definition and Method_:--Ethical and moral, specific
problem, 1; importance of genetic study, 3. § 2. _Criterion
of the moral_:--The moral in cross section, the "what" and
the "how," 5; the moral as growth, 8. § 3. _Divisions of the
treatment_, 13.
PART I
THE BEGINNINGS AND GROWTH OF MORALITY
II. EARLY GROUP LIFE 17
§ 1. _Typical facts of group life_:--Primitive unity and
solidarity, 17. § 2. _Kinship and household groups_:--The
kinship group, 21; the family or household group, 23.
§ 3. _Kinship and family groups as economic and industrial
units_:--The land and the group, 24; movable goods, 25.
§ 4. _Kinship and family groups as political bodies_:--Their
control over the individual, 26; rights and responsibility, 27.
§ 5. _The kinship or household as a religious unit_:--Totem
groups, 30; ancestral religion, 31. § 6. _Age and sex groups_,
32. § 7. _Moral significance of the group_, 34.
III. THE RATIONALIZING AND SOCIALIZING AGENCIES IN EARLY SOCIETY 37
§ 1. _Three levels of conduct_:--Conduct as instinctive and
governed by primal needs, regulated by society's standards,
and by personal standards, 37. § 2. _Rationalizing agencies_:
Work, 40; arts and crafts, 41; war, 42. § 3. _Socializing
agencies_:--Coöperation, 42; art, 45. § 4. _Family life
as idealizing and socializing agency_, 47. § 5. _Moral
interpretation of this first level_, 49.
IV. GROUP MORALITY--CUSTOMS OR MORES 51
§ 1. _Meaning, authority, and origin of customs_, 51.
§ 2. _Means of enforcing custom_:--Public approval, taboos,
rituals, force, 54. § 3. _Conditions which render group
control conscious_:--Educational customs, 57; law and
justice, 59; danger or crisis, 64. § 4. _Values and defects
of customary morality_:--Standards, motives, content,
organization of character, 68.
V. FROM CUSTOM TO CONSCIENCE; FROM GROUP MORALITY TO PERSONAL
MORALITY 73
§ 1. _Contrast and collision_, 73. § 2. _Sociological agencies
in the transition_:--Economic forces, 76; science and the
arts, 78; military forces, 80; religious forces, 81. § 3.
_Psychological agencies_:--Sex, 81; private property, 83;
struggles for mastery and liberty, 84; honor and esteem, 85.
§ 4. _Positive reconstruction_, 89.
VI. THE HEBREW MORAL DEVELOPMENT 91
§ 1. _General character and determining principles_:--The
Hebrew and the Greek, 91; Political and economic factors, 92.
§ 2. _Religious agencies_:--Covenant, 94; personal law-giver,
95; cultus, 97; prophets, 99; the kingdom, 100. § 3. _Moral
conceptions attained_:--Righteousness and sin, 102;
responsibility, 104; purity of motive, 105; the ideal of
"life," 107; the social ideal, 108.
VII. THE MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEKS 111
§ 1. _The fundamental notes_:--Convention versus nature, 111;
measure, 112; good and just, 113. § 2. _Intellectual forces of
individualism_:--The scientific spirit, 114. § 3. _Commercial
and political individualism_:--Class interests, 119; why obey
laws? 122. § 4. _Individualism and ethical theory_:--The
question formulated, 124; individualistic theories, 126. § 5.
_The deeper view of nature and the good, of the individual and
the social order_:--Aristotle on the natural, 127; Plato's
ideal state, 129; passion or reason, 131; eudæmonism and the
mean, 134; man and the cosmos, 135. § 6. _The conception of
the ideal_:--Contrast with the actual, 136; ethical
significance, 138. § 7. _The conception of the self, of
character and responsibility_:--The poets, 138; Plato and the
Stoics, 140.