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<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Urinary Tract Infections in Children? ?[/INST] Throughout childhood, the risk of having a UTI is 2 percent for boys and 8 percent for girls. Having an anomaly of the urinary tract, such as urine reflux from the bladder back into the ureters, increases the risk of a UTI. Boys who are younge...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections in Children ?[/INST] Symptoms of a UTI range from slight burning with urination or unusual-smelling urine to severe pain and high fever. A child with a UTI may also have no symptoms. A UTI causes irritation of the lining of the bladder, urethra, ureters, and ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections in Children ?[/INST] Only a health care provider can determine whether a child has a UTI. A urine sample will be collected and examined. The way urine is collected depends on the childs age: - If the child is not yet toilet trained, t...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ?[/INST] Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, which are treated with bacteria-fighting medications called antibiotics or antimicrobials. While a urine sample is sent to a laboratory, the health care provider may begin treatment with an antibiotic ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections in Children ?[/INST] Once the infection has cleared, more tests may be recommended to check for abnormalities in the urinary tract. Repeated infections in an abnormal urinary tract may cause kidney damage. The kinds of tests ordered will depend on the child and the ty...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ?[/INST] Some abnormalities in the urinary tract correct themselves as the child grows, but some may require surgical correction. While milder forms of VUR may resolve on their own, one common procedure to correct VUR is the reimplantation of t...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Children ?[/INST] If a child has a normal urinary tract, parents can help the child avoid UTIs by encouraging regular trips to the bathroom. The parents should make sure the child gets enough to drink if infrequent urination is a problem. The child should be taught ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ?[/INST] Children with a UTI should drink as much as they wish and not be forced to drink large amounts of fluid. The health care provider needs to know if a child is not interested in drinking or is unable to drink.</s>
<s> [INST] What to do for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ?[/INST] - Urinary tract infections (UTIs) usually occur when the body fails to remove bacteria rapidly from the urinary tract. - UTIs affect about 3 percent of children in the United States every year. - Most UTIs are not serious, but chronic kidney infe...
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis C ?[/INST] Hepatitis* C is a virus, or infection, that causes liver disease and inflammation of the liver. Viruses can cause sickness. For example, the flu is caused by a virus. People can pass viruses to each other. Inflammation is swelling ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis C ?[/INST] The liver is an organ that does many important things. You cannot live without a liver. *See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type. The liver - removes harmful chemi...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for What I need to know about Hepatitis C? ?[/INST] Anyone can get hepatitis C, but those more likely to are people who - were born to a mother with hepatitis C - are in contact with blood or infected needles at work - have had more than one sex partner in the last 6 months ...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Hepatitis C ?[/INST] Most people do not have any symptoms until the hepatitis C virus causes liver damage, which can take 10 or more years to happen. Others may have one or more of the following symptoms: - feeling tired - muscle soreness ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis C ?[/INST] Acute hepatitis C is a short-term infection with the hepatitis C virus. Symptoms can last up to 6 months. The infection sometimes clears up because your body is able to fight off the infection and get rid of the virus.</s>
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis C ?[/INST] Chronic hepatitis C is a long-lasting infection with the hepatitis C virus. Chronic hepatitis C occurs when the body cant get rid of the hepatitis C virus. Most hepatitis C infections become chronic. Without treatment, chronic hepa...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose What I need to know about Hepatitis C ?[/INST] A blood test will show if you have hepatitis C. Blood tests are done at a doctors office or outpatient facility. A blood sample is taken using a needle inserted into a vein in your arm or hand. The blood sample is sent to a lab to test for hepati...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for What I need to know about Hepatitis C ?[/INST] Hepatitis C is usually not treated unless it becomes chronic. Chronic hepatitis C is treated with medicines that slow or stop the virus from damaging the liver. Your doctor will closely watch your symptoms and schedule regular blood t...
<s> [INST] What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis C ?[/INST] If you have chronic hepatitis C, you should do things to take care of yourself, including eating a healthy diet. Avoid drinking alcohol, which can harm the liver. Talk with your doctor before taking vitamins and other supplements.</s>
<s> [INST] What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis C ?[/INST] - Hepatitis C is a virus, or infection, that causes inflammation of the liver. - Anyone can get hepatitis C, but some people are more likely to than others. - You could get hepatitis C through contact with an infected persons blood. - Most peop...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Cirrhosis ?[/INST] Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and is unable to function normally due to chronic, or long lasting, injury. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and partially blocks the flow of blood through the liver. The liver is the bo...
<s> [INST] What causes Cirrhosis ?[/INST] Cirrhosis has various causes. Many people with cirrhosis have more than one cause of liver damage. The list below shows common causes of cirrhosis in the United States.2 While chronic hepatitis C and alcohol-related liver disease are the most common causes of c...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Cirrhosis ?[/INST] Many people with cirrhosis have no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. However, as the disease progresses, a person may experience the following symptoms: - fatigue, or feeling tired - weakness - itching - loss of appetite - weight los...
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Cirrhosis ?[/INST] As the liver fails, complications may develop. In some people, complications may be the first signs of the disease. Complications of cirrhosis may include the following: Portal hypertension. The portal vein carries blood from the stomach, inte...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Cirrhosis ?[/INST] A health care provider usually diagnoses cirrhosis based on the presence of conditions that increase its likelihood, such as heavy alcohol use or obesity, and symptoms. A health care provider may test for cirrhosis based on the presence of these conditions alone because man...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Cirrhosis ?[/INST] Treatment for cirrhosis depends on the cause of the disease and whether complications are present. In the early stages of cirrhosis, the goals of treatment are to slow the progression of tissue scarring in the liver and prevent complications. As cirrhosis progre...
<s> [INST] What to do for Cirrhosis ?[/INST] A healthy diet is important in all stages of cirrhosis because malnutrition is common in people with this disease. Malnutrition is a condition that occurs when the body does not get enough nutrients. Cirrhosis may lead to malnutrition because it can cause - ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Cirrhosis ?[/INST] - Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and is unable to function normally due to chronic, or long lasting, injury. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and partially blocks the flow of blood through the liver. - The most common causes of cirr...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in a kidney when substances that are normally found in the urine become highly concentrated. A stone may stay in the kidney or travel down the urinary tract. Kidney stones vary in size. A small stone may p...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist and located below the...
<s> [INST] What causes Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] Kidney stones can form when substances in the urinesuch as calcium, magnesium, oxalate, and phosphorousbecome highly concentrated due to one or more causes: - Defects in the urinary tract may block the flow of urine and create pools of urine. In...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] Children with kidney stones may have pain while urinating, see blood in the urine, or feel a sharp pain in the back or lower abdomen. The pain may last for a short or long time. Children may experience nausea and vomiting with the pain. However, chi...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] Four major types of kidney stones occur in children: - Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone and occur in two major forms: calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Calcium oxalate stones are more common. Calcium oxalate stone f...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] The process of diagnosing any illness begins with consideration of the symptoms. Pain or bloody urine may be the first symptom. Urine, blood, and imaging tests will help determine whether symptoms are caused by a stone. Urine tests can be used to check for i...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] The treatment for a kidney stone usually depends on its size and what it is made of, as well as whether it is causing symptoms of pain or obstructing the urinary tract. Small stones usually pass through the urinary tract without treatment. Still,...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] To prevent kidney stones, health care providers and their patients must understand what is causing the stones to form. Especially in children with suspected metabolic abnormalities or with recurrent stones, a 24-hour urine collection is obtained to measure da...
<s> [INST] What to do for Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] Families may benefit from meeting with a dietitian to learn how dietary management can help in preventing stones. Depending on the underlying cause of the stone formation, medications may be necessary to prevent recurrent stones. Dietary changes and medicatio...
<s> [INST] What to do for Kidney Stones in Children ?[/INST] - A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in a kidney when some substances that are normally found in the urine become highly concentrated. - Kidney stones occur in infants, children, and teenagers from all races and ethnicities. - Kidney sto...
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis B ?[/INST] Hepatitis* B is a virus, or infection, that causes liver disease and inflammation of the liver. Viruses can cause sickness. For example, the flu is caused by a virus. People can pass viruses to each other. Inflammation is swelling ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis B ?[/INST] The liver is an organ that does many important things. You cannot live without a liver. *See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type. The liver - removes harmful chemi...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for What I need to know about Hepatitis B? ?[/INST] Anyone can get hepatitis B, but those more likely to are people who - were born to a mother with hepatitis B - are in contact with blood, needles, or body fluids at work - live with someone who currently has an active hepat...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Hepatitis B ?[/INST] Most people do not have any symptoms of hepatitis B. Adults and children ages 5 and older may have one or more of the following symptoms: - feeling tired - muscle soreness - upset stomach - stomach pain - fever - lo...
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis B ?[/INST] Acute hepatitis B is a short-term infection with the hepatitis B virus. Symptoms usually last several weeks but they can last up to 6 months. The infection sometimes clears up because your body is able to fight off the infection and get rid of the ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis B ?[/INST] Chronic hepatitis B is a long-lasting infection with the hepatitis B virus. Chronic hepatitis B occurs when the body cant get rid of the hepatitis B virus. Children, especially infants, are more likely to get chronic hepatitis B, which usually has ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose What I need to know about Hepatitis B ?[/INST] A blood test will show if you have hepatitis B. Blood tests are done at a doctors office or outpatient facility. A blood sample is taken using a needle inserted into a vein in your arm or hand. The blood sample is sent to a lab to test for hepati...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for What I need to know about Hepatitis B ?[/INST] Hepatitis B is not usually treated unless it becomes chronic. Chronic hepatitis B is treated with medicines that slow or stop the virus from damaging the liver. Medicines for Chronic Hepatitis B Your ...
<s> [INST] What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis B ?[/INST] If you have chronic hepatitis B, you should do things to take care of yourself, including eating a healthy diet. Avoid drinking alcohol, which can harm the liver. Talk with your doctor before taking vitamins and other supplements.</s>
<s> [INST] What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis B ?[/INST] - Hepatitis B is a virus, or infection, that causes liver disease and inflammation of the liver. - Anyone can get hepatitis B, but some people are more likely to than others. - You could get hepatitis B through contact with an infected persons b...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ?[/INST] NASH is usually first suspected in a person who is found to have elevations in liver tests that are included in routine blood test panels, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST). When further evaluation shows no apparen...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ?[/INST] NASH is usually a silent disease with few or no symptoms. Patients generally feel well in the early stages and only begin to have symptomssuch as fatigue, weight loss, and weaknessonce the disease is more advanced or cirrhosis develops. The progr...
<s> [INST] What causes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ?[/INST] Although NASH has become more common, its underlying cause is still not clear. It most often occurs in persons who are middle-aged and overweight or obese. Many patients with NASH have elevated blood lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, and many hav...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ?[/INST] Currently, no specific therapies for NASH exist. The most important recommendations given to persons with this disease are to - reduce their weight (if obese or overweight) - follow a balanced and healthy diet - increase phy...
<s> [INST] What to do for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ?[/INST] - Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is fat in the liver, with inflammation and damage. - NASH occurs in people who drink little or no alcohol and affects 2 to 5 percent of Americans, especially people who are middle-aged and overweight or obese. - NASH...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Taking Steps to Lower Your Risk of Getting Diabetes ?[/INST] Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset diabetes, is the most common type of diabetes. About 95 percent of people with diabetes have type 2. People can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even du...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Taking Steps to Lower Your Risk of Getting Diabetes ?[/INST] Yes. The results of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) proved that weight loss through moderate diet changes and physical activity can delay or prevent type 2 diabetes. The DPP was a federally fun...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Taking Steps to Lower Your Risk of Getting Diabetes ?[/INST] In addition to type 2, the other main types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes, formerly called juvenile diabet...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Taking Steps to Lower Your Risk of Getting Diabetes ?[/INST] The signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Nearly 7 million people in the United States have type 2 diabetes and dont know they have the d...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Taking Steps to Lower Your Risk of Getting Diabetes? ?[/INST] To find out your risk for type 2 diabetes, check each item that applies to you. - I am age 45 or older. - I am overweight or obese. - I have a parent, brother, or sister with ...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Taking Steps to Lower Your Risk of Getting Diabetes? ?[/INST] You can do a lot to reduce your risk of getting type 2 diabetes. Being more physically active, reducing fat and calorie intake, and losing a little weight can help you lower your chances of deve...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Taking Steps to Lower Your Risk of Getting Diabetes? ?[/INST] Making big changes in your life is hard, especially if you are faced with more than one change. You can make it easier by taking these steps: - Make a plan to change behavior. ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Taking Steps to Lower Your Risk of Getting Diabetes ?[/INST] Your eating, diet, and nutrition choices play an important role in preventing or delaying diabetes. Follow the suggestions below to reach and maintain a reasonable weight and make wise food choices m...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] Medullary sponge kidney, also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease, is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes, inside a fetus kidneys. In a normal kidney, urine flows through these tubules as the kidney is being formed during ...
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] Complications of medullary sponge kidney include - hematuria, or blood in the urine - kidney stones - urinary tract infections (UTIs) Medullary sponge kidney rarely leads to more serious problems, such as chron...
<s> [INST] What causes Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] Scientists do not fully understand the cause of medullary sponge kidney or why cysts form in the tubules during fetal development. Even though medullary sponge kidney is present at birth, most cases do not appear to be inherited.</s>
<s> [INST] How many people are affected by Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] Medullary sponge kidney affects about one person per 5,000 people in the United States. Researchers have reported that 12 to 20 percent of people who develop calcium-based kidney stones have medullary sponge kidney1.</s>
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] Many people with medullary sponge kidney have no symptoms. The first sign that a person has medullary sponge kidney is usually a UTI or a kidney stone. UTIs and kidney stones share many of the same signs and symptoms: - burning or pai...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] A health care provider diagnoses medullary sponge kidney based on - a medical and family history - a physical exam - imaging studies Medical and Family History Taking a medical and family history can help di...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] Scientists have not discovered a way to reverse medullary sponge kidney. Once a health care provider is sure a person has medullary sponge kidney, treatment focuses on - curing an existing UTI - removing any kidney stones ...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] Scientists have not yet found a way to prevent medullary sponge kidney. However, health care providers can recommend medications and dietary changes to prevent future UTIs and kidney stones.</s>
<s> [INST] How to prevent Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] Health care providers may prescribe certain medications to prevent UTIs and kidney stones: - A person with medullary sponge kidney may need to continue taking a low-dose antibiotic to prevent recurrent infections. - Medications that reduce cal...
<s> [INST] What to do for Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] The following changes in diet may help prevent UTIs and kidney stone formation: - Drinking plenty of water and other liquids can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract and dilute urine so kidney stones cannot form. A person should drink eno...
<s> [INST] What to do for Medullary Sponge Kidney ?[/INST] - Medullary sponge kidney, also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease, is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes, inside a fetus kidneys. - Symptoms of medullary sponge kidney do not usually appear until the teenage years or the 20s. Medullar...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] Vesicoureteral reflux is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Bloo...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Vesicoureteral Reflux? ?[/INST] Vesicoureteral reflux is more common in infants and young children, but older children and even adults can be affected. About 10 percent of children have VUR.1 Studies estimate that VUR occurs in about 32 percent of siblings of an affected child. This rate m...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] The two types of VUR are primary and secondary. Most cases of VUR are primary and typically affect only one ureter and kidney. With primary VUR, a child is born with a ureter that did not grow long enough during the childs development in the womb. The valve formed...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] In many cases, a child with VUR has no symptoms. When symptoms are present, the most common is a urinary tract infection (UTI). VUR can lead to infection because urine that remains in the childs urinary tract provides a place for bacteria to grow. Studi...
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] When a child with VUR gets a UTI, bacteria can move into the kidney and lead to scarring. Scarring of the kidney can be associated with high blood pressure and kidney failure. However, most children with VUR who get a UTI recover without long-term ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] The most common tests used to diagnose VUR include - Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). VCUG is an x-ray image of the bladder and urethra taken during urination, also called voiding. The bladder and urethra are filled with a special dye, called co...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] Following diagnosis, children with VUR should have a general medical evaluation that includes blood pressure measurement, as high blood pressure is an indicator of kidney damage. If both kidneys are affected, a childs blood should be tested for creatininea waste...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] The standard treatment for primary VUR has included prompt treatment of UTIs and long-term use of antibiotics to prevent UTIs, also called antimicrobial prophylaxis, until VUR goes away on its own. Antibiotics are bacteria-fighting medications. Surge...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] Secondary VUR is treated by removing the blockage causing the reflux. Treatment may involve - surgery - antibiotics - intermittent catheterizationdraining the bladder by inserting a thin tube, called a catheter, through the urethra...
<s> [INST] What to do for Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing VUR.</s>
<s> [INST] What to do for Vesicoureteral Reflux ?[/INST] - Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. - VUR is more common in infants and young children, but older children and even adults can be affected. About 10 percent of children have VUR. - In many cas...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ?[/INST] Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ?[/INST] The large intestine is part of the GI tract, a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anusan opening through which stool leaves the body. The last part of the GI tract, called the lower GI tract, consists of the large intestinew...
<s> [INST] What causes Ulcerative Colitis ?[/INST] The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe the following factors may play a role in causing ulcerative colitis: - overactive intestinal immune system - genes - environment Overactive intestinal immune syste...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis ?[/INST] The most common signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis are diarrhea with blood or pus and abdominal discomfort. Other signs and symptoms include - an urgent need to have a bowel movement - feeling tired - nausea or loss of appetite - ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Ulcerative Colitis ?[/INST] A health care provider diagnoses ulcerative colitis with the following: - medical and family history - physical exam - lab tests - endoscopies of the large intestine The health care provider may perform a series of medical tests...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Ulcerative Colitis ?[/INST] A health care provider treats ulcerative colitis with - medications - surgery Which treatment a person needs depends on the severity of the disease and the symptoms. Each person experiences ulcerative colitis different...
<s> [INST] What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ?[/INST] Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing ulcerative colitis symptoms. Good nutrition is important in the management of ulcerative colitis, however. Dietary changes can help reduce symptoms. A health care provider may recomme...
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Ulcerative Colitis ?[/INST] Complications of ulcerative colitis can include - rectal bleedingwhen ulcers in the intestinal lining open and bleed. Rectal bleeding can cause anemia, which health care providers can treat with diet changes and iron supplements. Peop...
<s> [INST] What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ?[/INST] - Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine. - The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe that factors such a...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ?[/INST] Short bowel syndrome is a group of problems related to poor absorption of nutrients. Short bowel syndrome typically occurs in people who have - had at least half of their small intestine removed and sometimes all or part of their large intestine re...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ?[/INST] The small intestine is the tube-shaped organ between the stomach and large intestine. Most food digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the small intestine. The small intestine is about 20 feet long and includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum: ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ?[/INST] The large intestine is about 5 feet long in adults and absorbs water and any remaining nutrients from partially digested food passed from the small intestine. The large intestine then changes waste from liquid to a solid matter called stool.</s>
<s> [INST] What causes Short Bowel Syndrome ?[/INST] The main cause of short bowel syndrome is surgery to remove a portion of the small intestine. This surgery can treat intestinal diseases, injuries, or birth defects. Some children are born with an abnormally short small intestine or with part of thei...
<s> [INST] How many people are affected by Short Bowel Syndrome ?[/INST] Short bowel syndrome is a rare condition. Each year, short bowel syndrome affects about three out of every million people.1</s>
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Short Bowel Syndrome ?[/INST] The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhealoose, watery stools. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss. Dehydration means the body lacks enough fluid and electrolyteschemicals in salts, including sodium, potassium, and ...
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Short Bowel Syndrome ?[/INST] The complications of short bowel syndrome may include - malnutrition - peptic ulcerssores on the lining of the stomach or duodenum caused by too much gastric acid - kidney stonessolid pieces of material that form in the kidneys -...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Short Bowel Syndrome ?[/INST] People who have any signs or symptoms of severe dehydration should call or see a health care provider right away: - excessive thirst - dark-colored urine - infrequent urination - lethargy, dizziness, or faintness - dry skin ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Short Bowel Syndrome ?[/INST] A health care provider diagnoses short bowel syndrome based on - a medical and family history - a physical exam - blood tests - fecal fat tests - an x-ray of the small and large intestines - upper gastrointestinal (GI) series - computerized...