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8595158 | Pharmacokinetic analysis of the microscopic distribution of enzyme-conjugated antibodies and prodrugs: comparison with experimental data. | A mathematical model was developed to improve understanding of the biodistribution and microscopic profiles of drugs and prodrugs in a system using enzyme-conjugated antibodies as part of a two-step method for cancer treatment. The use of monoclonal antibodies alone may lead to heterogeneous uptake within the tumour ti... |
8599941 | Differential control of transcription-induced and overall DNA supercoiling by eukaryotic topoisomerases in vitro. | The global superhelical state of intracellular DNA is stringently controlled by topoisomerase action. Little is know, however, about topoisomerase-directed relaxation of localized DNA supercoiling generated by protein tracking processes such as transcription. Here we use transcription by a yeast Gal4 and phage T7 RNA p... |
8594196 | Genetics of a novel starch utilisation pathway present in Klebsiella oxytoca. | A 14.3 kb DNA fragment from Klebsiella oxytoca M5a1 has been cloned and shown to provide Escherichia coli with the capacity for growth on alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins. This fragment is located immediately upstream of the previously identified cgt gene coding for cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. It contains ten genes ... |
8602366 | Characterization of the highly divergent U2 RNA homolog in the microsporidian Vairimorpha necatrix. | An RNA homologous to U2 RNA and a single copy gene encoding the RNA homolog have been characterized in the microsporidian, Vairimorpha necatrix. The RNA which is 165 nucleotides in length possesses significant similarity to U2 RNA, particularly in the 5' half of the molecule. The U2 homolog contains the highly conserve... |
8602357 | Transcription activation by the bacteriophage Mu Mor protein: analysis of promoter mutations in Pm identifies a new region required for promoter function. | Middle transcription of bacteriophage Mu requires Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme and a Mu-encoded protein, Mor. Consistent with these requirements, the middle promoter, Pm, has a recognizable -10 region but lacks a -35 region. Mutagenesis of this promoter (from -70 to +10) was performed using mutagenic olig... |
8577735 | Transcriptional activation by protein-induced DNA bending: evidence for a DNA structural transmission model. | Integration host factor (IHF) is a DNA-bending protein that binds to an upstream activating sequence (UAS1) and, on a negatively supercoiled DNA template, activates transcription from the ilvPG promoter of the ilvG-MEDA operon of Escherichia coli. The transcriptional initiation site of the ilvGMEDA operon is located 92... |
8577732 | Hybrid restriction enzymes: zinc finger fusions to Fok I cleavage domain. | A long-term goal in the field of restriction-modification enzymes has been to generate restriction endonucleases with novel sequence specificities by mutating or engineering existing enzymes. This will avoid the increasingly arduous task of extensive screening of bacteria and other microorganisms for new enzymes. Here,... |
8577726 | On the nucleation and growth of amyloid beta-protein fibrils: detection of nuclei and quantitation of rate constants. | We have studied the fibrillogenesis of synthetic amyloid beta-protein-(1-40) fragment (A beta) in 0.1 M HCl. At low pH, A beta formed fibrils at a rate amenable to detailed monitoring by quasi-elastic light-scattering spectroscopy. Examination of the fibrils with circular dichroism spectroscopy and electron microscopy ... |
8576038 | Distinct roles of the N-terminal and C-terminal precursor domains in the biogenesis of the Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin. | The 220-kDa Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is the major exported protein found in culture supernatants. The structural gene of FHA has a coding potential for a 367-kDa protein, and the mature form constitutes the N-terminal 60% of the 367-kDa precursor. The C-terminal domain of the precursor was f... |
8576036 | Molecular analysis of the amy gene locus of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes EM1 encoding starch-degrading enzymes and a binding protein-dependent maltose transport system. | A gene of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes EM1 encoding a protein with similarity to the maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli was cloned and sequenced. It was located in the amy gene region of the chromosome downstream of the pullulanase-encoding amyB gene and upstream of amyDC, encoding membrane compone... |
8576067 | The glucose effect and regulation of alpha-amylase synthesis in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. | An alpha-amylase was purified from culture supernatants of Sulfolobus solfataricus 98/2 during growth on starch as the sole carbon and energy source. The enzyme is a homodimer with a subunit mass of 120 kDa. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch, dextrin, and alpha-cyclodextrin with similar efficiencies. Addition of ex... |
8576924 | Novel N6-(substituted-phenylcarbamoyl)adenosine-5'-uronamides as potent agonists for A3 adenosine receptors. | A series of adenosine-5'-uronamide derivatives bearing N6-phenylurea groups have been synthesized and tested for their affinity at A1 and A2A adenosine receptors in rat brain membranes and at cloned rat A3 receptors from stably transfected CHO cells. Some N6-arylcarbamoyl derivatives, N6-((2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-, N... |
8576921 | Interactions of flavonoids and other phytochemicals with adenosine receptors. | Flavone derivatives and other phytochemicals were found to bind to three subtypes of adenosine receptors in the micromolar range. Affinity was determined in radioligand binding assays at rat brain A1 and A2A receptors using [3H]-N6-PIA ([3H]-(R)-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine) and [3H]CGS21680 ([3H]-2-[[4-(2-carboxyethyl)... |
8593060 | Catabolite repression of the toluene degradation pathway in Pseudomonas putida harboring pWW0 under various conditions of nutrient limitation in chemostat culture. | In earlier studies, the pathway of toluene and m- and p-xylene degradation (TOL pathway) in Pseudomonas putida (pWW0) was found to be subject to catabolite repression when the strain was grown at the maximal rate on glucose or succinate in the presence of an inducer. This report describes catabolite repression of the T... |
8593041 | Isolation and characterization of Tri3, a gene encoding 15-O-acetyltransferase from Fusarium sporotrichioides. | An acetyltransferase gene (Tri3) was isolated from Fusarium sporotrichioides by complementation of a previously identified Tri3- mutant and shown to be closely linked to three other trichothecene biosynthetic pathway genes. Comparison of the Tri3 sequence with its cDNA revealed the presence of four introns. The Tri3 cD... |
8573201 | Specific inhibition of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity by atractylon, a major component of byaku-jutsu, by interaction with enzyme in the E2 state. | Atractylon, a major component of the crude drug "Byaku-jutsu" (rhizomes of Atractylodes japonica), strongly inhibited Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity with an I50 value of 8.9 x 10(-6) M. It also inhibited Mg(2+)-ATPase, H+,K(+)-ATPase, H(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities, but less potently. No effects on alkaline and aci... |
8550520 | Dual function of PilS during transcriptional activation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilin subunit gene. | The polar pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are composed of subunits encoded by the pilA gene. Expression of pilA requires the alternative sigma factor RpoN and a pair of regulatory elements, PilS and PilR. These two proteins are members of the two-component regulatory family, in which PilS is the sensory component and Pi... |
8550510 | Salmonella typhimurium cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic genes: functional studies in S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli. | In order to study the Salmonella typhimurium cobalamin biosynthetic pathway, the S. typhimurium cob operon was isolated and cloned into Escherichia coli. This approach has given the new host of the cob operon the ability to make cobalamins de novo, an ability that had probably been lost by this organism. In total, 20 g... |
8550506 | Further stabilization of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase of an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, by a suppressor mutation method. | We succeeded in further improvement of the stability of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH) from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, by a suppressor mutation method. We previously constructed a chimeric IPMDH consisting of portions of thermophile and mesophile enzymes. The chimeric enzyme is less thermost... |
8550202 | Furin regulates both the activation of Pseudomonas exotoxin A and the Quantity of the toxin receptor expressed on target cells. | Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) binds and enters mammalian cells via the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). The toxin then requires proteolytic cleavage to generate an enzymatically active fragment with translocates to the cell cytosol and inhibits protein synthesis. To a... |
8550189 | Mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen up-regulates human NK cell activity. | While the effects of superantigens on T lymphocytes are well characterized, how superantigens interact with other immune cells is less clear. This report examines the effects of Mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen (MAM) on human natural killer (NK) cell activity. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with ... |
8558263 | Axons regulate the distribution of Schwann cell microtubules. | It is well established that axons regulate Schwann cell phenotype. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether axons influence the arrangement of Schwann cell microtubules (MTs). Using double-labeling immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we show that MTs in undifferentiated Schwann cells are nucle... |
8551601 | Cooperative effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope variable loops V1 and V3 in mediating infectivity for T cells. | Insertion of T-cell line-tropic V3 and V4 loops from the HXB2 strain into the macrophage-tropic YU-2 envelope resulted in a virus with delayed infectivity for HUT78 and Jurkat cells compared with HXB2. Sequence analysis of viral DNA derived from long-term cultures of Jurkat cells revealed a specific mutation that chang... |
8551578 | Mosquito homolog of the La autoantigen binds to Sindbis virus RNA. | We have isolated a 50-kDa mosquito protein that binds with high affinity to a riboprobe representing the 3' end of the minus strand of Sindbis virus RNA. The isolated protein has been used to obtain cDNA clones encoding this protein that have been sequenced and used to express the protein in large amounts. Sequence com... |
8551562 | Mutations within the 5' nontranslated RNA of cell culture-adapted hepatitis A virus which enhance cap-independent translation in cultured African green monkey kidney cells. | Mutations in the 5' nontranslated RNA (5'NTR) of an attenuated, cell culture-adapted hepatitis A virus (HAV), HM175/P16, enhance growth in cultured African green monkey kidney (BS-C-1) cells but not in fetal rhesus monkey kidney (FRhK-4) cells (S. P. Day, P. Murphy, E. A. Brown, and S. M. Lemon, J. Virol. 66: 6533-6540... |
8551604 | The molecular target of bicyclams, potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus replication. | Bicyclams are a novel class of antiviral compounds which act as potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2. They block an early step in the viral life cycle following adsorption to the CD4 receptor and preceding reverse transcription. To identify the mole... |
29350036 | Electrochemical and Spectral Characterization of Iron Corroles in High and Low Oxidation States: First Structural Characterization of an Iron(IV) Tetrapyrrole π Cation Radical. | The electrochemistry and spectroscopic properties of three iron corroles were examined in benzonitrile, dichloromethane, and pyridine containing 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate or tetra-n-ethylammonium hexafluorophosphate as supporting electrolyte. The investigated compounds are represented as (OEC)Fe<sup>IV</s... |
27299556 | Optical Isomers of Methyl Jasmonate in Tea Aroma. | Two epimers of methyl jasmonate were optically resolved by capillary gas chromatography, using heptakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin as the chiral stationary phase. In the tea volatile concentrates, both of these epimers were present as only one enantiomer, their absolute configurations being ascertained as (-)-... |
27043138 | A SURVEY OF NONXANTHINE DERIVATIVES AS ADENOSINE RECEPTOR LIGANDS. | The binding affinities at rat A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2a</sub>, and A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptors of a wide range of heterocyclic derivatives have been determined. Mono-, bi-, tricyclic and macrocyclic compounds were screened in binding assays, using either [<sup>3</sup>H]PIA or [<sup>3</sup>H]CGS 21680 in rat brain m... |
24572330 | Cross-training and periodization in running. | Understanding the principles of cross-training and periodization will assist the coach and team physician in designing training programs that maximize performance while minimizing risk of injury. Cross-training is defined as simultaneous training for two or more sports or the use of multiple modes of training to enhanc... |
24202798 | Gas-phase base-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt reactions of the acetone enolate anion with various para-substituted benzaldehydes. | Substituent effects were determined for the gas-phase base-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt reaction of the acetone enolate anion and various para-substituted benzaldehydes. Under chemical ionization conditions, the adduct for the reaction was detected and the fraction of adduct that is tetrahedral was determined. The Hammett... |
24202793 | A study of metal chelation of dinucleotide analogs in the gas phase by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry. | Fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry was used to investigate the interaction of proton and alkali metal ions with dinucleotide analogs such as T-n-T (T = thymine moiety, n = polyether chain, e.g., triethylene, tetraethylene, pentaethylene, and hexaethylene ether 1-4), A-n-T (A = adenine unit 5-8), and T-n-OMe ... |
21921973 | Molecular Architecture of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. | This review of the current literature on mutations in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the rhodopsin-related family intends to draw inferences from amino acid sequences for single receptors and multiple sequence alignments with regard to the molecular architecture of this class of receptors. For this purpose a co... |
21619237 | Design and synthesis of sodium ion-selective ionophores based on 16-crown-5 derivatives for an ion-selective electrode. | To develop an ionophore that is highly selective for sodium for use in an ion-selective electrode, we propose a model based on 16-crown-5 which has a cavity just the size of Na(+ )and has a "block" subunit to prevent complex formation with ions larger than Na(+). Based on this molecular model, eight kinds of 16-crown-5... |
18472796 | Complexes With Biologically Active Ligands. Part 2. Preparation of Copper(II) Complexes of Positively-Charged Derivatives of Aminoglutethimide. | Cu(II) complexes of 1-[4-(3-ethyl-piperidine-2,6-dione)-3-yl]-phenyl-2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridinium perchlorates, containing alkyl, aryl and combinations of these two types of moieties in their molecule were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy, magnetic, thermogravimetric and conductimetr... |
18475745 | Chemokines: structure, receptors and functions. A new target for inflammation and asthma therapy? | Five to 10% of the human population have a disorder of the respiratory tract called 'asthma'. It has been known as a potentially dangerous disease for over 2000 years, as it was already described by Hippocrates and recognized as a disease entity by Egyptian and Hebrew physicians. At the beginning of this decade, there ... |
16535223 | Effects of Calcium and Calmodulin on Spore Germination and Appressorium Development in Colletotrichum trifolii. | Spore germination and appressorium formation are important steps in the process of fungal development and pathogenesis. These prepenetration events, which begin with spore attachment and culminate with appressorium maturation, a common scheme for many pathogenic fungi, are prerequisites for penetration of host external... |
10479413 | The Turbidity of Cell Nuclei in Suspension: A Complex Case of Light Scattering. | The turbidity of a suspension of cell nuclei isolated from animal tissue homogenates is a complex case of non-Rayleigh scattering. As a first approximation to this system, we have characterized a number of factors that may contribute to the observed turbidity: cation-dependent chromatin condensation, thermal denaturati... |
11666994 | Novel Redox-Active Cyclophanes Based on 3,3'-Biindolizines: Synthesis and Chirality. | The first compounds of a new series of redox-active cyclophanes were prepared by dehydrocyclization of bridged indolizines of type 1. The bridged dipyridino-compounds 2a and 2b obtained by reaction of 2 mol of lithiated alpha-picolines with dihalides were used as starting materials. Subsequent treatment of 2a,b with 2 ... |
11666974 | Annelated Calixarenes Composed of Calix[4]arenes with Hydroxy Groups in the Endo and Exo Position. | Various phenol-derived calix[4]arenes (3) bearing four hydroxy groups in the exo position have been prepared by uncatalyzed condensation of suitable dimers or tetramers with formaldehyde in xylene in yields up to 44%. The tetra-tert-butyl compound (3a) has been shown by X-ray analysis to adopt a regular cone conformati... |
11666973 | An Artificial Receptor for Dimethyl Aspartate. | [trans-5,15-Bis(2,7-dihydroxy-1-naphthyl)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinato]zinc(II) (1), a trifunctionalized porphyrin host, was prepared as a receptor for amino acid derivatives, particularly those having a hydrogen-bonding site in the side chain. The free energy changes for the binding of Leu-OMe, Asp-OMe, a... |
11666185 | Fingerprinting Petroporphyrin Structures with Vibrational Spectroscopy. 4. Resonance Raman Spectra of Nickel(II) Cycloalkanoporphyrins: Structural Effects Due To Exocyclic Ring Size. | Nickel(II) complexes of cycloalkanoporphyrins (CAPs) bearing a saturated carbon ring of varying size between pyrrole C(beta) and methine bridge carbon atoms are widespread in crude oil and related organic rich sediments. We have synthesized a series of NiCAPs containing meso,beta-ethano (NiCAP5), meso,beta-propano (NiC... |
11666183 | Electrochemical and Spectral Characterization of Iron Corroles in High and Low Oxidation States: First Structural Characterization of an Iron(IV) Tetrapyrrole pi Cation Radical. | The electrochemistry and spectroscopic properties of three iron corroles were examined in benzonitrile, dichloromethane, and pyridine containing 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate or tetra-n-ethylammonium hexafluorophosphate as supporting electrolyte. The investigated compounds are represented as (OEC)Fe(IV)(C(6)H... |
11666157 | Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Tetrahedral Four-Coordinate Gold(I) Complexes of 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane. An Example of a Hydrogen-Bond-Directed Supramolecular Assembly. | The synthesis and structural characterization of water-soluble four-coordinate gold(I) complexes containing monodentate phosphine ligands are described. The ligands used are 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (TPA) and its protonated and methylated derivatives, [HTPA]Cl and [MeTPA]I. Formation of the four-coordinate gold... |
15048448 | Functional crown ether derivatives as sorbents for ligand exchange chromatography. | Two kinds of macrocyclic compounds, S-TAROH18C6 and S-TAROEt12C4 derived from tartaric acid have been synthesized. The structure and conversion of functional groups on this silica gel based resin have been confirmed by IR spectral and elemental analysis. The coordination behaviour of these materials has been investigat... |
9676282 | Chiral compounds as indicators of inherited metabolic disease. Simultaneous stereodifferentiation of lactic-, 2-hydroxyglutaric- and glyceric acid by enantioselective cGC. | Urinary organic acid analysis is a vital diagnostic tool in the investigation of patients with suspected inborn errors of metabolism. Recent descriptions of diseases producing abnormal chiral metabolites have provided the need for individual enantiomer analysis. In this paper the isolation and simultaneous stereodiffer... |
9676276 | Different NMR approaches to the chiral analysis of trisubstituted allenes devoid of polar functional groups and aromatic hydrocarbons. | The use of permethylated beta-cyclodextrin as chiral solvating agent for NMR spectroscopy allowed us to determine the enantiomeric purity of chiral aromatic hydrocarbons as well as the enantiomeric purity and absolute configuration of chiral trisubstituted allenes devoid of polar functional groups. The enantiomeric exc... |
9433829 | Production of cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. in rice and corn flakes. | Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotranferase (CGTase) catalyzes the degradation of starch to form alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin. Based on cyclodextrin formation, an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. ATCC 21783 was used for its high CGTase production ability, using corn and rice flakes as substrates. Maximum enzyme production was... |
9346621 | How valid is emergency liver transplantation for acute liver necrosis in patients with multiple-organ failure? | Multiple-organ failure (MOF), defined as the failure of initially uninvolved organs, is the final step of definitive and massive liver necrosis. Emergency liver transplantation (ELT) has radically modified the outcome of acute liver failure and early primary graft failure, but the results of ELT in cases of MOF are unk... |
9129271 | Results of the cementless Mallory-Head primary total hip arthroplasty: a 5 to 7 year review. | We reviewed the results of 172 plasma-sprayed, titanium primary total hip arthroplasties inserted without cement and followed 5 to 7 years. Hips were replaced for a wide range of diagnoses and patient ages. No femoral components had been revised nor were any considered unstable. Clinical results have been excellent; 88... |
9112226 | RNA recognition by autoantigens and autoantibodies. | The La, Ro, Sm and RNP autoantigens have been intensely studied over the past decade since cDNAs encoding autoantigens have been available. Most of these autoantigens are closely associated with RNA in RNP particles and molecular studies have provided insights into their modes of recognition and binding to RNA. For exa... |
9084654 | Carboxyl-region of tuftelin mediates self-assembly. | Enamel biomineralization relies on a complex series of protein-protein interactions resulting in the formation of an enamel matrix. This protein matrix is subsequently replaced by a fully mineralized crystallite material. The enamel extracellular matrix is comprised principally by two gene products; the amelogenins and... |
9080309 | Effects of theophylline and dibutyryl-cAMP on adenosine receptors and heart rate in cultured cardiocytes. | The effects of chronic exposure to the adenosine antagonist theophylline (Theo) and dibutyryl cyclic-AMP, a membrane-permeant derivative of the second messenger 3', 5'-cyclic-AMP (cAMP), on contractions and adenosine receptor levels in cultured cardiocytes were studied. Binding of the A1-adenosine receptor antagonist [... |
9078398 | The connective tissue compartment in the terminal region of the developing rat lung. An ultrastructural study. | The present study was designed to analyze the connective tissue compartment in the terminal region of the developing rat lung. Lungs of rat fetuses (at 17, 19 and 21 days of gestation) and of newborns (2, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after birth) were examined by several ultrastructural techniques; staining with tannic aci... |
9078364 | The probabilities of supercoil removal and decatenation by yeast DNA topoisomerase II. | <h4>Background</h4>In yeast a single type II DNA topoisomerase is involved in both the removal of DNA supercoils and the unlinking of intertwined pairs of newly replicated chromosomes or plasmids; in bacteria, two type II enzymes, DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV, function separately in the passage of DNA segments i... |
9079374 | The development of tertiary interactions during the folding of a large protein. | <h4>Background</h4>We have used protein engineering and relaxation kinetics to examine the order in which secondary structure elements assemble during folding. Aliphatic contacts in the core of a large domain within the monomeric protein phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) were disrupted in order to map the development of in... |
9101873 | [Monitoring critically ill intensive care patients by semi-invasive COLD (Cardiac-Output-Liver-Diseases) monitoring instead of pulmonary artery catheterization]. | The routine application of an arterial thermal-dye-dilution technique (so called COLD-Monitoring) offers new perspectives in the hemodynamic management of critically ill patients using a small invasive technique. COLD-Monitoring employs a computerized analysis of a double-indicator (temperature and dye) dilution techni... |
9101869 | [Multiple organ failure after severe trauma: predictable by the MEGX liver function test?]. | The prognostic value of a dynamic liver-function test, based on the hepatic conversion of lidocaine to monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), in predicting multiple organ failure (MOF) was prospectively investigated in 28 critically ill patients after multiple trauma. The MEGX test and conventional static liver tests (biliru... |
9123916 | [Study of bioavailability of different forms of synthetic beta-carotene in volunteers]. | The concentration of beta-carotene analyzed in blood serum of 30 healthy men and women aged 17-50 years by the method of HPLC in May-June 1990 was in range 3.3-29.5 and in average 12.0 +/- 1.2 micrograms/100 ml. Concentration of carotene determined by Bessay's spectrophotometric method as sum of carotenoids composed 58... |
9044336 | Monitoring of blood volume during haemodialysis treatment of acute renal and multiple organ failures. | The assessment of the level of hydration in the intravascular fluid compartment in acute renal failure (ARF) and multiple organ failure (MOF) is of an utmost importance. However, the data on monitoring of blood volume in these diseases and especially during haemodialysis treatment are lacking. This article summarizing ... |
9041695 | Helicobacter pylori and its interaction with chief and parietal cells. | Helicobacter pylori has been shown, along with other Helicobacter species to produce effector molecules that induce substantial physiological changes on acid and pepsin secretion. The effects are clinically evident, and long-term achlorhydria may be a risk factor for gastric cancer. Further identification and character... |
9031511 | Probing self assembly in biological mixed colloids by SANS, deuteration, and molecular manipulation. | Small-angle neutron scattering was used to obtain information on the form and molecular arrangement of particles in mixed colloids of bile salts with phosphatidylcholine, and bile salts with monoolein. Both types of systems showed the same general characteristics. The particle form was highly dependent on total lipid c... |
9016383 | Transfersomes, liposomes and other lipid suspensions on the skin: permeation enhancement, vesicle penetration, and transdermal drug delivery. | Agents with MW < or = are being delivered transdermally with the aid of skin permeation enhancers that increase the agent's diffusivity and/or partitioning in the organ. Use of composite, lipidic agent-carriers (liposomes, niosomes) was not successful to date, due to the inability of such vehicles to pass through the n... |
9010691 | Progress in the prostaglandin E1-therapy of the intermittent claudication by means of bolus injections of LIPO-prostaglandin E1 (LIPO-PGE1). | <h4>Objective</h4>We compared the efficacy of a bolus injection (5 min) of LIPO-PGE1 (Prostaglandin E1 in lipid emulsion) with conventional PGE1-cyclodextrin (PGE1-cyclodextrin) infusions (2 h) in patients with intermittent claudication. The quantitative blood-flow in the common femoral artery was measured using a comp... |
9004525 | Post-source decay fragment spectra of cyclomalto-octaose and branched cyclomalto-hexaose by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | gamma-Cyclodextrin, maltosyl-alpha-cyclodextrin and diglucosyl-alpha-cyclodextrin were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. All of these compounds have the same molecular weight (M.W. = 1297.15) and consist of only D-glucopyranose. From a comparison of... |
8970749 | Enantiomeric bioanalysis of simendan and levosimendan by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. | rac-Simendan, (+/-)-(R,S)-[[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)-phenyl ] hydrazono]propanedinitrile, and the levorotatory enantiomer levosimendan, are drug candidates intended for the treatment of congestive heart failure. An enantiospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method suitable... |
8970744 | Method development in liquid chromatography with a charged cyclodextrin additive for chiral resolution of rac-amlodipine utilising a central composite design. | A negatively charged derivative of beta-cyclodextrin, sulphobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD), was examined as a chiral mobile phase additive in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the enantiomeric resolution of the calcium channel blocker rac-amlodipine. Theoretical and practical aspect... |
8955898 | Molecular recognition governing the initiation of translation in Escherichia coli. A review. | Selection of the proper start codon for the synthesis of a polypeptide by the Escherichia coli translation initiation apparatus involves several macromolecular components. These macromolecules interact in a specific and concerted manner to yield the translation initiation complex. This review focuses on recent data con... |
8807827 | Mass spectrometry and viral analysis. | <h4>Background</h4>Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry is a powerful new approach for analyzing biomolecules and biomolecular complexes. Previous studies have provided evidence that non-covalent biomolecular complexes can be observed by ESI mass spectrometry; it is not clear, however, whether the native con... |
8951679 | FK-506 delays corneal graft rejection in a model of corneal xenotransplantation. | FK-506 is a relatively new immunosuppressant similar in action to cyclosporine A, but is much more potent. Its primary action is against T lymphocytes, the major cellular component in corneal allograft rejection. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the ability of topical and systemic FK-506 in preventing co... |
8907530 | Dextrin sulfopropyl ether: a novel anionic chiral buffer additive for enantiomer separation by electrokinetic chromatography. | Dextrin 10 sulfopropyl ether (DSPE) was prepared and characterized by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) using a recently developed matrix. The anionic compound was used as a novel chiral buffer additive for enantiomer separation by capillary electrophoresis, thereby changing into ... |
8907495 | Crystal and molecular structure of didemnin A, an antiviral depsipeptide. | The molecular structure of didemnin A, the parent compound of a series of antiviral cytotoxic depsipeptides extracted from a marine tunicate Trididemnum solidum of the family of Didemnidae, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the crystal, didemnin A molecules form pseudo-symmetric dimeric pair. ... |
8881773 | Twisted liquid crystalline supramolecular arrangements in morphogenesis. | Supramolecular assemblies following liquid crystalline cholesteric geometries have been described in biological systems from optical properties observed in polarized-light microscopy and structural data obtained in electron microscopy. Major biological macromolecules are discussed, including structural polymers of the ... |
8875569 | Free and bound biotin molecules in helminths: a source of artifacts for avidin biotin-based immunoassays. | The avidin-biotin molecular recognition system is widely used in parasite immunology. However, the presence of biotin and/or biotin-containing molecules (BCMs) in samples may lead to erroneous results. In the work reported herein we investigated the extent to which biotin and BCMs present in helminth extracts may inter... |
8857285 | Characterization of steroid/cyclodextrin inclusion compounds by x-ray powder diffractometry and thermal analysis. | Two inclusion compounds, progesterone with beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin, were studied with X-ray powder diffractometry and thermal analysis. Disappearance of characteristic X-ray diffraction patterns of the two compounds as well as the appearance of a new diffraction pattern for each were found when formation of the in... |
8853960 | Systemic delivery of peptides and proteins across absorptive mucosae. | As therapeutic peptides and proteins become readily available through rapid advances in recombinant technology, and because rapid presystemic elimination renders them ineffective when administered orally, pharmaceutical scientists are faced with the challenge of delivering these macromolecules systemically; therefore, ... |
8851754 | Validation of a capillary electrophoresis method for the enantiomeric purity testing of ropivacaine, a new local anaesthetic compound. | A capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of the enantiomeric purity of ropivacaine, a new local anaesthetic compound developed by Astra Pain Control AB, has been validated. The method showed the required limit of quantitation of 0.1% enantiomeric impurity and proved to be robust. Good performances were ... |
11538788 | Optical chemical sensors for environmental control and system management. | Several fiber optic based chemical sensors have been developed for use in plant growth systems and enclosed life support systems. Optical chemical sensors offer several distinct advantages in terms of sensitivity, calibration stability, immunity to biofouling and electrical interference, and ease of multiplexing senso... |
8832269 | Age-related changes in elastic fibers of human heart. | The effects of age on the human heart elastic fibers were studied by light and electron microscopy. Studies were done on 15 hearts from male subjects 42 days to 87 years of age. Using specific staining procedures, the length of elastic fibers was determined by morphometry in the parenchyma of right and left ventricles.... |
8974404 | [Endotoxinemia and multiple organ failure after polytrauma]. | Despite successful management of early complications in polytraumatized patients and obvious reduction of early death, lethality in the late course of the disease--frequently as a result of multiple organ failure (MOF)--remains generally unaffected. Concerning the pathogenesis of sepsis and MOF, there is some evidence ... |
8828164 | Antibody characteristics for a continuous response fiber optic immunosensor for theophylline. | A self-contained fiber optic immunosensor was developed to measure continuously theophylline concentrations. The analytical signal was derived from the non-radiative energy transfer quench of fluorescence following binding of a fluorescence donor, B-phycoerythrin labeled theophylline, to an energy acceptor, Texas Red l... |
8825990 | Attempts to find phenotypic markers of the virulence plasmid of Rhodococcus equi. | Four isolates of Rhodococcus equi, from pneumonic foals, and containing the 85 kb virulence plasmid, a porcine isolate containing an 80 kb plasmid, and their plasmid cured derivatives, were examined for 239 phenotypic properties in an attempt to find characters other than the virulence-associated protein (VapA) which m... |
8825349 | GABAA-receptor-mediated effects of progesterone, its ring-A-reduced metabolites and synthetic neuroactive steroids on neurogenic oedema in the rat meninges. | 1. The effects of progesterone, its A-ring-reduced metabolites, allopregnanolone, tetrahydroxydeoxycorticosterone and the synthetic neuroactive steroid alphaxalone were evaluated in a rat model of plasma extravasation within the meninges following unilateral electrical stimulation (ES) of the trigeminal ganglion (0.6 m... |
8821867 | Molecular recognition of saccharides using synthesized glycated surface active reagents. | The molecular recognition of saccharides was studied using N-glycosides, glycated surface active reagents synthesized by the glycosyl reaction from alkylamines and monosaccharides. The alkylamines selected were octyl and dodecylamines because of their hydrophobicity. Glucose and mannose were selected as an energy sacch... |
8820113 | Effects of cyclosporin on cholesterol 27-hydroxylation and LDL receptor activity in HepG2 cells. | The hypothesis that mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase plays a role in the sterol-mediated down-regulation of LDL receptor activity was evaluated in HepG2 cells. 27-Hydroxycholesterol was found to be more potent at suppressing LDL receptor activity than cholesterol (IC50 values of 8 mu M and 142 mu M for 27-hydroxycho... |
8924879 | [Purulent mediastinitis]. | The aspects of acute purulent mediastinitis (APM) have been reported on the basis of the analysis of 14 cases treated in the last 5 years. The most frequent causes of APM were the complications after surgery on esophagus ad trachea (10 cases). The other group included patients operated on by sternotomy. Three patients ... |
8809208 | Inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthase by benexate. | We evaluated the inhibitory action of benexate (benzyl 2-[trans-4 -(guanidinomethyl) cyclohexylcarbonyloxy] benzoate hydrochloride beta-cyclodextrin clathrate), an anti-ulcer agent, on the formation of nitric oxide by stomach and brain enzyme preparations and on the purified neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Benexa... |
8926593 | Hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins: potential synergism with carcinogens. | The solubility of the lipophilic carcinogens benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B1 in water increases linearly and substantially with the concentration of hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin present. Results of a kinetic study of naphthalene, a model for more potent carcinogens, indicate that the increase in the dissolution rate... |
8807707 | Molecular Interactions of Thrombin. | Thrombin possesses at least three independent binding sites for substrate, inhibitor, and co-factor molecules, four counting the Na+ ion binding site. The S1 subsite of the active site is specific for an arginine side group, while S2 is a more extended apolar site. The highly electropositive S' subsites of the fibrinog... |
8789835 | Sulfated cyclodextrins for the chiral separations of catecholamines and related compounds in the reversed electrophoretic polarity mode. | The utility of negatively charged sulfated cyclodextrins (SCD) as chiral additives (CA) in capillary electrophoresis (CE) was studied in the chiral resolution of several compounds of pharmaceutical interest, including catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine, DOPA and their precursors, phenylalanine, and tyro... |
8789390 | Oestradiol-induced relaxation of rabbit basilar artery by inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca channels through GTP-binding protein. | 1. Effects of oestradiol on the electrical and mechanical properties of the rabbit basilar artery were investigated by use of microelectrode, patch-clamp and isometric tension recording methods. 2. Oestradiol (10 nM-100 microM) relaxed arterial tissue pre-contracted by excess [K]o solution (30 mM) in a concentration-de... |
8788106 | Preliminary biological evaluation of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Starburst dendrimers. | PAMAM Starburst dendrimers are spherical macromolecules composed of repeating polyamidoamino units. They can be produced in successive "generations," each with a defined size, molecular weight, and number of terminal amino groups. Because of these well-defined characteristics, PAMAMs are finding utility in a variety of... |
8787911 | Comparative pharmacokinetics, distributions in tissue, and interactions with blood proteins of conventional and sterically stabilized liposomes containing 2',3'-dideoxyinosine. | The pharmacokinetics and distribution in tissue of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes have been evaluated in rats. Most of the sterically stabilized liposomes concentrated in the spleen with a peak level at 24 h after their intravenous injection. An extended half-life in plasma w... |
8787894 | Characterization of siamycin I, a human immunodeficiency virus fusion inhibitor. | The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fusion inhibitor siamycin I, a 21-residue tricyclic peptide, was identified from a Streptomyces culture by using a cell fusion assay involving cocultivation of HeLa-CD4+ cells and monkey kidney (BSC-1) cells expressing the HIV envelope gp160. Siamycin I is effective against acute ... |
8787886 | Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of genaconazole, a potent antifungal drug, in men. | The pharmacokinetics of genaconazole, a racemic triazole antifungal agent comprising 50% RR and 50% SS enantiomers, were studied in 12 healthy male volunteers after a single oral dose of 200 mg. The serum samples were analyzed for the two enantiomers by using a chiral high-pressure liquid chromatography assay. The conc... |
8787885 | Efficacy of UK-109496, a new azole antifungal agent, in an experimental model of invasive aspergillosis. | The efficacy of UK-109496, a new azole antifungal agent, was evaluated in an immunosuppressed, temporarily leukopenic rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. Oral therapy with UK-109496 at a dosage of 10 or 15 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h was begun 24 h after a lethal or sublethal challenge, and results were compared... |
8787876 | Generation and characterization of variants of NWS/G70C influenza virus after in vitro passage in 4-amino-Neu5Ac2en and 4-guanidino-Neu5Ac2en. | The compounds 4-amino-Neu5Ac2en (5-acetylamino-2,6-anhydro-4-amino-3,4,5- trideoxy-D-glycerol-D-galacto-non-2-enoic acid) and 4-guanidino-Neu5Ac2en (5-acetylamino-2,6-anhydro-4-guanidino-3,4,5- trideoxy-D-glycerol-D-galacto-non-2-enoic acid), which selectively inhibit the influenza virus neuraminidase, have been tested... |
8773932 | Permeability of a soft steroid, loteprednol etabonate, through an excised rabbit cornea. | The objective of this work was to study the in vitro permeability characteristics of a "soft" steroid, loteprednol etabonate 1 in different vehicles across excised rabbit cornea using a transcorneal permeation system. The vehicles studies were aqueous solutions of beta-cyclodextrin derivatives; 2-hydroxypropyl beta-cyc... |
8771208 | Identification of arginine 331 as an important active site residue in the class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase of Escherichia coli. | Treatment of the Class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase of Escherichia coli with the arginine-specific alpha-dicarbonyl reagents, butanedione or phenylglyoxal, results in inactivation of the enzyme. The enzyme is protected from inactivation by the substrate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, or by inorganic phosphate. Mo... |
8771206 | Solvent isotope effects on the refolding kinetics of hen egg-white lysozyme. | Solvent isotope effects have been observed on the in vitro refolding kinetics of a protein, hen lysozyme. The rates of two distinct phases of refolding resolved by intrinsic fluorescence have been found to be altered, to differing extents, in D2O compared with H2O, and experiments have been conducted aimed at assessing... |
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