id stringlengths 4 8 | title stringlengths 1 642 | abstract stringlengths 50 17.9k |
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8608136 | Flow of structural information between four DNA conformational levels. | Closed-circular supercoiled DNA molecules have been shown to form a cholesteric assembly within bacteria as well as in vitro under physiological DNA and salt concentrations. Circular dichroism and X-ray scattering studies indicate that the macroscopic structural properties of the chiral mesophase are directly and uniqu... |
8603920 | Spc42p: a phosphorylated component of the S. cerevisiae spindle pole body (SPD) with an essential function during SPB duplication. | The 42-kD component of the S. cerevisiae spindle pole body (SPB) localizes to the electron-dense central plaque of the SPB. We have cloned the corresponding gene SPC42 (spindle pole component) and show that it is essential. Seven temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants in SPC42 were prepared by error-prone PCR. We found tha... |
8603918 | Movement of cortical actin patches in yeast. | In yeast, actin forms patches associated with the plasma membrane. Patch distribution correlates with polarized growth during the cell cycle and in response to external stimuli. Using green fluorescent protein fused to capping protein to image actin patches in living cells, we find that patches move rapidly and over lo... |
8609628 | An evolutionary trace method defines binding surfaces common to protein families. | X-ray or NMR structures of proteins are often derived without their ligands, and even when the structure of a full complex is available, the area of contact that is functionally and energetically significant may be a specialized subset of the geometric interface deduced from the spatial proximity between ligands. Thus,... |
8609626 | Rate and selectively of synapsis of res recombination sites by Tn3 resolvase. | Site-specific recombination catalysed by Tn3 resolvase requires the formation of an intermediate synaptic complex containing two res recombination sites and several resolvase subunits. Synaptic complexes were observed directly by chemical crosslinking of resolvase subunits followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The h... |
8609618 | Synapsable DNA. | We describe a simple innovation that allows DNA double helices to stably bind one another at specific sites, with regulatable affinity, under physiological conditions. This type of DNA synapsis requires neither an unraveling of the participating duplexes not heteroduplex formation, and is achieved by the intermolecular... |
8615770 | The effect of different amino acid side chains on the stereospecificity and catalytic efficiency of the tryptophan synthase-catalysed exchange of the alpha-protons of amino acids. | 1H-NMR has been used to follow the tryptophan synthase (EC 4.2.1.20) c catalysed hydrogen-deuterium exchange of the alpha-protons of L- and D-alanine and -tryptophan. The first-order and second-order rate constants for exchange have been determined at pH 7.8 in the presence and absence of the allosteric effector, DL-al... |
8615768 | Exposure of ligand-binding sites on platelet integrin alpha IIB/beta 3 by phosphorylation of the beta 3 subunit. | The exposure of ligand-binding sites for adhesive proteins on platelet integrin alpha IIB/beta 3 (glycoprotein IIB/IIIA) by platelet-activating (PAF) is transient, whereas sites exposed by alpha-thrombin remain accessible. The same difference is seen in the phosphorylation of the beta 3 subunit. Inhibition of protein k... |
8604143 | Crystal structure at 2.3 A resolution and revised nucleotide sequence of the thermostable cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Thermonanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes EM1. | The crystal structure of the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) from the thermophilic microorganism Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes EM1 has been elucidated at 2.3 A resolution. The final model consists of all 683 amino acid residues, two calcium ions and 343 water molecules, and has a crystallographic R... |
8601783 | Sequence conservation within the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 and formation of HPV-18 virus-like particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | The major capsid protein L1 of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been identified as a promising candidate antigen for a prophylactic HPV vaccine. Since amino acid sequence heterogeneity has been demonstrated for the L1 genes within individual HPV types, nucleotide sequences of L1 were determined from six HPV-18 clinica... |
8596912 | Catalytic role of 2'-hydroxyl groups within a group II intron active site. | Domain 5 is an essential active-site component of group II intron ribozymes. The role of backbone substituents in D5 function was explored through synthesis of a series of derivatives containing deoxynucleotides at each position along the D5 strand. Kinetic screens revealed that eight 2'-hydroxyl groups were likely to ... |
8599539 | Metabolism of cyclodextrins by Klebsiella oxytoca m5a1: purification and characterisation of a cytoplasmically located cyclodextrinase. | It has been shown previously that the products of 11 genes are required for metabolism of starch by Klebsiella oxytoca via a novel pathway. An extracellular cyclodextrin glucanotransferase first degrades starch into alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins; evidence then has been presented that the cyclodextrins are transported i... |
11607628 | Self-assembly of a heteroduplex helicate from two different ligand strands and Cu(II) cations. | Cu(II) ions have been reacted with a 1/1 mixture of two linear ligands, one containing three 2,2'- bipyridine groups and the other three 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine groups. Absorption spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry indicate the formation of a trinuclear complex containing one ligand of each kind. D... |
8791316 | Protein adsorption on solid surfaces. | The research field of protein adsorption on surfaces appears to be as popular as ever. In the past year, several hundred published papers tackled problems ranging from fundamental aspects of protein surface interactions to applied problems of surface blood compatibility and protein surface immobilization. Although some... |
11666313 | Hydrocarbon-Soluble Mercuracarborands: Syntheses, Halide Complexes, and Supramolecular Chemistry. | The syntheses of macrocyclic species composed of carborane derivatives joined via their carbon vertices by electrophilic mercury atoms are described. The reaction of closo-1,2-Li(2)[C(2)B(10)H(10)(-)(x)()R(x)()] with HgI(2) gives Li(2)[(1,2-C(2)B(10)H(10)(-)(x)()R(x)()Hg)(4)I(2)] [R = Et, x = 2 (5.I(2)Li(2)); R = Me, x... |
11666307 | A Proposal for Positive Cooperativity in Anion-Cation Binding in Yttrium and Lutetium Complexes Based on o-Amino-Substituted Phenolate Ligands. On the Way to Coordination Polymers by Self-Assembly. Molecular Structures of [ClLu(OAr)(3)Na] (X-ray) and [ClY(OAr')(3)Y(OAr')(3)Na] (X-ray and (89)Y-NMR). | Unique hetero(poly)metallic complexes [ClM(OAr)(3)Na] (M = Lu (3a), Y (3b)) and [ClY(OAr')(3)Y(OAr')(3)Na] (4) containing the bis (OAr = OC(6)H(2)(CH(2)NMe(2))(2)-2,6-Me-4) and mono (OAr' = OC(6)H(4)(CH(2)NMe(2))-2) o-amino-substituted phenolate ligands have been synthesized and characterized by NMR ((1)H, (13)C, and (... |
11666285 | Formation of Metallo-6(A)-((2-(bis(2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)-6(A)-deoxy-beta-cyclodextrins and Their Complexation of Tryptophan in Aqueous Solution. | A pH titration study shows that 6(A)-((2-(bis(2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)-6(A)-deoxy-beta-cyclodextrin (betaCDtren) forms binary metallocyclodextrins, [M(betaCDtren)](2+), for which log(K/dm(3) mol(-)(1)) = 11.65 +/- 0.06, 17.29 +/- 0.05, and 12.25 +/- 0.03, respectively, when M(2+) = Ni(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+), wh... |
11666271 | Primitive Molecular Recognition Effects in Electron Transfer Processes: Modulation of ((Trimethylammonio)methyl)ferrocenium/ferrocene Self-Exchange Kinetics via Hydrophobic Encapsulation. | 1H NMR line broadening measurements show that the electron self-exchange rate constant for ((trimethylamino)methyl)ferrocenium/ferrocene (TMAFc(2+/+)) in D(2)O as solvent is decreased by ca. 20-50 fold in the presence of excess beta-cyclodextrin. The rate effect is associated with the selective hydrophobic encapsulatio... |
11666270 | Dithiacrown Ether Substituted Porphyrazines: Synthesis, Single-Crystal Structure, and Control of Aggregation in Solution by Complexation of Transition-Metal Ions. | The synthesis of novel magnesium, copper, and metal-free porphyrazines, peripherally substituted with dithia-7-crown-2 (MPz(7)), dithia-15-crown-5 (MPz(15)), and dithia-18-crown-6 (MPz(18)) macrocycles is reported. These compounds are prepared starting from dicyanoethylene containing crown ethers 3, 2(1), and 2(2), res... |
11666264 | Synthesis and Characterization of Six-Coordinate Nitrido Complexes of Vanadium(V), Chromium(V), and Manganese(V). Isolation of a Dinuclear, Mixed-Valent &mgr;-Nitrido Chromium(III)/Chromium(V) Species. | Photolysis of a series of octahedral monoazido complexes of the type [LM(III)(didentate ligand)(N(3))](n)(+)X(n) of vanadium(III), chromium(III), and manganese(III) in the solid state or in solution yields quantitatively the corresponding six-coordinate nitrido complexes [LM(V)(didentate ligand)(N)](n)(+)X(n) and 1 equ... |
15048432 | Separation and determination of some stereoisomers by capillary gel electrophoresis with cyclodextrin incorporated in polyacrylamide gel. | Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) was successfully applied to the separation of optically active isomers and position isomers by incorporating a suitable cyclodextrin chiral selector in polyacrylamide gel. A commercially available ss-cyclodextrin (ss-CD) was used for enantioselectivity towards o-, m- and p-nitrobenzo... |
9388339 | [A pathological study of goat multiple organ failure model]. | We succeeded in replication a standardized goat model of multiple organ failure (MOF). In the experimentation, the animals were monitored and supported with facilities pertaining to a human intensive care unit, with constant infusion of LPS into portal vein following trauma and hemorrhagic shock. The main organs of MOF... |
9237197 | Structural aspects of antibody-antigen interaction revealed through small random peptide libraries. | Two small random peptide libraries, one composed of 4550 dodecapeptides and one of 8000 tripeptides, were synthesized in newly developed credit-card format miniPEPSCAN cards (miniPEPSCAN libraries). Each peptide was synthesized in a discrete well (455 peptides/card). The two miniPEPSCAN libraries were screened with thr... |
8807836 | A 'litmus test' for molecular recognition using artificial membranes. | <h4>Background</h4>Sensitive and selective molecular recognition is important throughout biology. Certain organisms and toxins use specific binding at the cell surface as a first step towards invasion. A new series of biomolecular materials, with novel optical and interfacial properties, have been designed to sense mol... |
8932446 | The interaction of charged and uncharged drugs with neutral (HP-beta-CD) and anionically charged (SBE7-beta-CD) beta-cyclodextrins. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The objective of this work was to determine the role that charge might play in the interaction of charged and uncharged drugs with neutral (2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, HP-beta-CD) and anionically charged (SBE7-beta-CD) modified beta-cyclodextrins. SBE7-beta-CD is a sulfobutyl ether, sodium salt, ... |
8932437 | The influence of sodium glycocholate and other additives on the in vivo transfection of plasmid DNA in the lungs. | <h4>Purpose</h4>A plasmid containing the luciferase 'marker' cDNA was constructed to test non viral gene delivery formulations in vivo.<h4>Methods</h4>A scale up procedure was devised to produce up to gram quantities of plasmid. Sufficient quantities were generated to process and test the DNA with various additives and... |
9147447 | Formation and cell-medium partitioning of autoinhibitory free fatty acids and cyclodextrin's effect in the cultivation of Bordetella pertussis. | Palmitic, palmitoleic and stearic acids were found in the extracted cellular lipids of virulent Bordetella pertussis as unesterified acids in confirmation of earlier taxonomic analyses. The same free fatty acids (FFAs) were found in the spent culture supernatant in concentrations higher than in the uninoculated medium,... |
8900939 | Capillary electrophoretic analysis of cyclodextrins and determination of formation constants for inclusion complexes. | Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) methods with indirect absorbance detection for analyzing mixtures of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives have been developed. Benzylamine, salicylic, sorbic, or 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) was utilized as background electrolyte (BGE) and absorbance pro... |
8868000 | Quantitative structure-metabolism relationships for substituted benzoic acids in the rabbit: prediction of urinary excretion of glycine and glucuronide conjugates. | 1. Quantitative relationships between molecular physicochemical properties of 24 substituted benzoic acids and their metabolic fate in the rabbit have been investigated using computational chemistry and multivariate statistical methods. 2. A total of 34 molecular properties were calculated for each compound using compu... |
8857203 | Peptide secondary structure mimetics: applications to vaccines and pharmaceuticals. | An important goal of structural biochemistry is the reduction of complex molecules to small functional units that are amenable to high-resolution structural analysis and rapid modification. The dissection of multidomain proteins into small synthetic conformationally restricted components is an important step in the des... |
8852042 | Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic-thermospray-mass spectrometric determination of enantiomers of methamphetamine and its main metabolites amphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine in human urine. | For the identification of drug abuse, a simple and rapid method which allows us to distinguish enantiomers of methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolites amphetamine (AP) and p-hydroxymethamphetamine (p-OHMA) in human urine was explored by coupling direct HPLC and HPLC-thermospray-mass spectrometry (HPLC-TSP-MS) both of w... |
8851045 | Supramolecular assembly of basement membranes. | Basement membranes are thin sheets of extracellular proteins situated in close contact with cells at various locations in the body. They have a great influence on tissue compartmentalization and cellular phenotypes from early embryonic development onwards. The major constituents of all basement membranes are collagen I... |
8850322 | Combination effects of alpha-cyclodextrin and xanthan gum on rectal absorption and metabolism of morphine from hollow-type suppositories in rabbits. | Pharmacokinetics of morphine and its glucuronides in plasma were studied after rectal administration of hollow-type oleaginous suppositories containing kneading mixtures of morphine hydrochloride, alpha-cyclodextrin, and/or xanthan gum in rabbits. In combination with xanthan gum, alpha-cyclodextrin reduced the first-pa... |
8839179 | Synthesis of sulfur-linked analogues of nigerose, laminarabiose, laminaratriose, gentiobiose, gentiotriose, and laminaran trisaccharide Y. | Sulfur-linked analogues of 3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose (nigerose), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose (laminarabiose), 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose (gentiobiose), O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-D-glucos e (laminaratriose), O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-gluco... |
8834910 | Unique susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to simethicone emulsifiers in alimentary therapeutic agents. | Helicobacter pylori is killed in vitro by polyoxyethylene acyl esters and ethers similar to simethicone emulsifiers in therapeutic antifoams. The MBC of these compounds for Helicobacter pylori was less than 20 micrograms/ml, while other gram-negative bacteria were unaffected by much higher concentrations of up to 50 mg... |
8834902 | Mode of action of GR122222X, a novel inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase. | GR122222X is a potent inhibitor of the supercoiling reaction of bacterial DNA gyrase. We show that this compound binds stoichiometrically to inactivate the ATPase activity of a 43-kDa N-terminal fragment of the B subunit and competitively inhibits the binding of a radiolabelled coumarin drug to N-terminal fragments of ... |
8833341 | Identification of channel-lining residues in the M2 membrane-spanning segment of the GABA(A) receptor alpha1 subunit. | The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors are the major inhibitory, postsynaptic, neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system. The binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to the GABA(A) receptors induces the opening of an anion-selective channel that remains open for tens of milliseconds bef... |
8791408 | Regulation of actin filament length in erythrocytes and striated muscle. | Actin filaments polymerize in vitro to lengths which display an exponential distribution, yet in many highly differentiated cells they can be precisely maintained at uniform lengths in elaborate supramolecular structures. Recent results obtained using two classic model systems, the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton and... |
8821541 | Effects of glibenclamide on the regional haemodynamic actions of alpha-trinositol and its influence on responses to vasodilators in conscious rats. | 1. In conscious rats, alpha-trinositol (D-myo-inositol-1, 2, 6 triphosphate; 5-80 mg kg-1 h-1 infusion) caused dose-dependent hypotension, tachycardia and hyperaemic dilatation in renal, mesenteric and hindquarters vascular beds. These effects were accompanied by inhibition of the renal vasodilator effects of acetylcho... |
8821530 | In vitro and in vivo profile of SB 206553, a potent 5-HT2C/5-HT2B receptor antagonist with anxiolytic-like properties. | 1. SB 206553 (5-methyl-1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[2 ,3-f]indole) displays a high affinity (pK1 7.9) for the cloned human 5-HT2C receptor expressed in HEK 293 cells and the 5-HT2B receptor (pA2 8.9) as measured in the rat stomach fundus preparation. SB 206553 has low affinity for cloned human 5-HT2... |
8789116 | Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of lipopolysaccharide in detergent micelles. | Bacterial endotoxins or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cell wall components of gram-negative bacteria, are involved in septic shock. LPS consists of a lipid A tail attached to core and O-antigen polysaccharides, but little is known about the supramolecular structure of LPS in blood. We have developed an approach to locate ... |
8789115 | Van der Waals interactions involving proteins. | Van der Waals (dispersion) forces contribute to interactions of proteins with other molecules or with surfaces, but because of the structural complexity of protein molecules, the magnitude of these effects is usually estimated based on idealized models of the molecular geometry, e.g., spheres or spheroids. The calculat... |
8789018 | Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 47 DNA in malignant lesions from epidermodysplasia verruciformis by protocols for precise typing of related HPV DNAs. | Our discovery of human papillomavirus type 47 (HPV47) in benign lesions from a patient suffering from epidermodysplasia verruciformis prompted us to examine whether the viral DNA also resided in malignant lesions from the same patient. By using newly devised protocols for amplifying a group of epidermodysplasia verruci... |
8783394 | Roles of electrostatic interaction in proteins. | More than 60 years after the analyses by Linderstrom-Lang and Kirkwood of their hypothetical 'protein' structures, we have now a plethora of experimental evidence and computational estimates of the electrostatic forces in proteins, with very many protein 3D structures at atomic resolution. In the mean time, there were ... |
8779922 | Stretch overload-induced satellite cell activation in slow tonic muscle from adult and aged Japanese quail. | Stretch overload-induced activation of satellite cells in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle was examined in full-grown adult (12 wk old) and aged (90 wk old) Japanese quail. 5'-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) constant-release pellets (0.22 mg BrdU.g body wt-1.day-1) were implanted subcutaneously before weighting ... |
8775102 | [Nephrotoxicity and fluoride from the viewpoint of the nephrologist]. | Fluoride released from methoxyflurane (MOF) during its hepatic and extrahepatic metabolism has been regarded as the major culprit responsible for MOF-induced nephrotoxicity. In the isolated, perfused rat kidney model, admixture of 1500 mumol/l fluoride to the perfusate resulted in tubular and glomerular damage with con... |
8721741 | The crystal structure of 6I-(6-aminohexyl)amino-6I-deoxycyclomaltoheptaose. | The monosubstituted cyclomaltoheptaose derivative, 6I-(6-aminohexyl)amino-6I-deoxycyclomaltoheptaose, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 32.513(2), b = 15.3871(9), c = 15.2645(9) A, V = 7636.6(8) A3 and Z = 4. The macrocycles are spirally aligned along the twofold screw axis parallel to... |
8721737 | Polymerized cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin, beta-CDn) inclusion complex formation with chlorogenic acid: solvent effects on thermochemistry and enthalpy-entropy compensation. | The inclusion of chlorogenic acid (CA) by epichlorohydrin-polymerized cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin, beta-CDn) was studied with regard to temperature, solvent, and water activity aH2O approximately mole fraction = XH2O = 0.8-1 using MeOH as the diluent; 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer). We discovered that the ext... |
8721736 | Crystal structure of anhydrous hexakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-cyclomaltohexaose (permethyl-alpha-cyclodextrin) grown from hot water and from cold NaCl solutions. | An X-ray diffraction study was carried out on anhydrous permethyl-alpha-cyclodextrin crystallized from aq solution at 40 degrees C, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 15.424(9), b = 18.167(7), c = 23.128(8) A, vol = 6481(5) A3. The molecule is boat-shaped with the narrow end of the cyclodextrin cavity closed by two dia... |
8721735 | Synthesis and structural characterization of 6I,6II-diamino-6I,6II-dideoxy-cyclomaltoheptaose, a difunctionalized beta-cyclodextrin. | 6I,6II-Diamino-6I,6II-dideoxy-cyclomaltoheptaose was prepared using the regioselective procedure described by Tabushi. The difunctionalized beta-cyclodextrin crystallizes as hexadecahydrate in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with a = 11.395(3), b = 32.989(9), c = 17.560(5) A, V = 6601 A3, Z = 4. The structu... |
8760469 | Atomic force microscopic study on topological structures of pBR322 DNA. | Plasmid pBR322 DNA (0.5 mg/mL) isolated from Escherichia coli HB101 was suspended in Tris-HCI-EDTA (1 mol/L-0.1 mol/L, pH 8.5); then a drop of the above solution was deposited on freshly cleaved mica substrate. After adsorption for about 1 mm, the sample was stained with phosphotungstic acid. The residual solution was ... |
8740429 | Titin expression as an early indication of heart and skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro. Developmental re-organisation in relation to cytoskeletal constituents. | Established myogenic cell lines of different species and tissue origin have been used to study expression and organisation of muscle-specific proteins during differentiation. Furthermore, primary cultures of rat myocard cells were used to examine these same processes during dedifferentiation. In particular, we were int... |
8696972 | Molecular chaperones in protein folding and translocation. | Chaperonin cpn60 and heat shock protein hsp70 couple their ATPase cycles to the binding and dissociation of non-native proteins. cpn60 is a cylindrical tetradecamer that uses a co-protein (cpn10) and both positive and negative cooperativity to alter the properties of its two voluminous protein-binding chambers in an al... |
8745395 | The protein machinery of vesicle budding and fusion. | A general protein machinery that buds and fuses transport vesicles is harnessed to generate the complex web of intracellular transport pathways critical for such diverse processes as cell growth, endocytosis, hormone release, and neurotransmission. With this appreciation, the challenge of understanding the precise mole... |
8786415 | Similarity and complementarity of molecular shapes: applicability of a topological analysis approach. | Developments based on a topological analysis approach of electron density maps are presented and applied to two different fields: the interpretation of electron density maps of proteins and the description of shape complementarity between a cyclodextrin host and a guest molecule. A global representation of the electron... |
8653492 | Alcian blue. Now you see it, now you don't. | A brief outline of the history and chemistry of the copper pthalocyanin-based Alcian blue dyes highlights the adverse effects of commercial secrecy and entrepreneurial dishonesty on the use of these valuable histochemical and biochemical reagents in the biological sciences. The acquisition of detailed and validated che... |
8785611 | FISH mapping of the alpha-S2 casein gene on river buffalo and cattle chromosomes identifies a nomenclature discrepancy in the bovine karyotype. | A mixture of five genomic clones spanning the alpha-S2 casein gene (CSN1S2) were mapped to river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) and cattle (Bos taurus L.) chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and R-banding. Clear probe hybridization signals were detected on river buffalo chromosome 7q, band 32, and th... |
8785610 | The inheritance of B chromosomes in Allium schoenoprasum L. | The inheritance of B chromosomes has been investigated. In Allium schoenoprasum from the River Wye, Powys; controlled crosses between plants of known B chromosome constitution were carried out, and the numbers of Bs present in the progenies scored. There was considerable heterogeneity in B chromosome transmission rates... |
8785609 | Mapping of the porcine urate oxidase and transforming growth factor beta 2 genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | We have mapped two genes from human chromosome 1, urate oxidase (UOX) and transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2), by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the pig genome. Porcine-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for both genes were designed from the porcine cDNA sequence. With the help of thes... |
8785608 | Distribution of 5-methylcytosine-rich regions in the metaphase chromosomes of Vicia faba. | The DNA methylation pattern of Vicia faba metaphase chromosomes was examined with a specific monoclonal antibody. 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) residues are present in different chromosomal sites, and are particularly abundant in telomeric and/or subtelomeric regions and in certain intercalary bands. Chromosomal localization... |
8785607 | The synaptonemal complex--the chaperone of crossing over. | During meiosis homologous chromosomes pair and exchange homologous chromosome segments. The synaptonemal complex (SC) forms between paired chromosomes. The role of the SC in the process of reciprocal exchange of flanking markers is a matter of debate. I propose a dual pathway for reciprocal exchange of flanking markers... |
8785606 | Meiosis in holocentric chromosomes: kinetic activity is randomly restricted to the chromatid ends of sex univalents in Graphosoma italicum (Heteroptera). | We have determined the number and location of the nucleolar organizing regions in spermatocytes of Graphosoma italicum (2n = 12A + XYmale/XXfemale) by means of silver impregnation, chromomycin A3/distamycin A staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The identification of only one nucleolar organizing region loc... |
8785605 | Chromosome-specific paints from a high-resolution flow karyotype of the dog. | Using peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures and dual-laser flow cytometry, we have routinely obtained high-resolution bivariate flow karyotypes of the dog in which 32 peaks are resolved. To allow the identification of the chromosome types in each peak, chromosomes were flow sorted, amplified and labelled by polymerase c... |
8785604 | Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers of the Brassica alboglabra chromosome of a B. campestris-alboglabra addition line. | The alien C-genome chromosome in a Brassica campestris alboglabra monosomic addition line was characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The alien chromosome carried three loci, Ec, Wc and Lap-1C, controlling synthesis of erucic acid, white flower colour and a fast-migrating band of leucine amin... |
8785603 | Post-mitotic assembly of the nucleolus. I. The internal matrix network is a recruitment site for processing nucleolar components in prenucleolar bodies. | The aim of this work was to investigate whether the nuclear matrix could provide the nucleation sites for dispersed parental nucleolar components to form post-mitotic prenucleolar bodies (PNBs). For this purpose, nuclear matrices from asynchronous populations of onion cells were fractionated, and the distribution of th... |
8785614 | Strukturdifferenzierungen in Y-chromosom von Drosophila hydei: the unique morphology of the Y chromosomal lampbrush loops Threads results from 'coaxial shells' formed by different satellite-specific subregions within megabase-sized transcripts. | The results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and two-colour transcript fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the three Threads-specific DNA satellites YLII, YLI and rally are in support of long-range clustering of these sequence families within the subterminal region on the long arm of the Y ... |
8637078 | Reduction of circulating prostaglandin E2 level by antiserum against core lipopolysaccharide in a rabbit model of multiple organ failure. | <h4>Objective</h4>To determine the potential role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the development of multiple organ dysfunction or failure (MOF), the possible effects of antiserum directed against Re chemotype lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Re mutant of Escherichia coli F515) on circulating PGE2 level and survival rate, a... |
8830240 | Heterologous expression and self-assembly of the S-layer protein SbsA of Bacillus stearothermophilus in Escherichia coli. | The cell surface of Bacillus stearothermophilus PV72 is covered by a regular surface layer (S-layer) composed of single species of protein, SbsA, with a molecular weight of 130,000. Recently, the sequence of the corresponding gene (sbsA) has been determined. The SbsA coding region including the signal sequence was clon... |
8636212 | Overexpression of cofilin stimulates bundling of actin filaments, membrane ruffling, and cell movement in Dictyostelium. | Cofilin is a low molecular weight actin-modulating protein whose structure and function are conserved among eucaryotes. Cofilin exhibits in vitro both a monomeric actin-sequestering activity and a filamentous actin-severing activity. To investigate in vivo functions of cofilin, cofilin was overexpressed in Dictyosteliu... |
8636209 | Role of CD3 gamma in T cell receptor assembly. | The T cell receptor (TCR) consists of the Ti alpha beta heterodimer and the associated CD3 gamma delta epsilon and zeta 2 chains. The structural relationships between the subunits of the TCR complex are still not fully known. In this study we examined the role of the extracellular (EC), transmembrane (TM), and cytoplas... |
8626795 | Cholesterol modulates alpha-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. | Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and cholesterol metabolism are genetically linked to Alzheimer's disease, the latter through apolipoprotein E, a lipid and cholesterol transport protein. We have examined the hypothesis that the processing of APP is disrupted by elevated cholesterol, which is known to modulate the activi... |
8634291 | Molecular recognition by calmodulin: pressure-induced reorganization of a novel calmodulin-peptide complex. | The interaction of apocalmodulin (apoCaM) with a peptide (Neurop) based on the primary sequence of the calmodulin-binding domain of neuromodulin has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The 1:1 complex (12 microM) formed between apoCaM and the Neurop peptide is extremely sensitive to salt and is half dissociated ... |
8683449 | Synthetic pyridopurines derived from food pyrolysis products: intercalation, interactions with membranes, cyclodextrin complexation, and biological mitogenic properties. | Crucial conditions for the pharmacological use of active compounds are their ability to cross the biological barriers and reach their intracellular target. In the case of two antiviral pyridopurine derivatives, 1 and 2, this included essentially the membranes and the nucleic acids. Thus the interactions of 1 and 2 with... |
8645277 | Induction of apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells by adenosine A(3) receptor agonists. | The effects of adenosine (ADO) analogs on cells of the human promyelocytic HL-60 line were examined. ADO A(3) receptor agonists, N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide (IB-MECA, 30-60 microM) and 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (CI-IB-MECA, 10-30 microM) induced apoptotic cell de... |
8632013 | Allosteric regulation of the thermostability and DNA binding activity of human p53 by specific interacting proteins. CRC Cell Transformation Group. | Conformational stability is a prerequisite for the physiological activity of the tumor suppressor protein p53. p53 protein can be allosterically activated for DNA binding by phosphorylation or through noncovalent interaction with proteins such as DnaK, the Escherichia coli homologue of the heat shock protein Hsp70. We ... |
8631951 | Artificial chaperone-assisted refolding of carbonic anhydrase B. | We recently reported a new approach to protein refolding that utilizes a pair of low molecular weight folding assistants, a detergent and a cyclodextrin (Rozema, D., and Gellman, S. H. (1995) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 2373-2374). Here, we provide a detailed study of carbonic anhydrase B (CAB) refolding assisted by these "... |
8621678 | Potato D-enzyme catalyzes the cyclization of amylose to produce cycloamylose, a novel cyclic glucan. | Potato D-enzyme was purified from recombinant Escherichia coli, and its action on synthetic amylose (average Mr of 320,000) was analyzed. D-enzyme treatment resulted in a decrease in the ability of the amylose to form a blue complex with iodine. Analysis of the products indicated that the enzyme catalyzes an intramolec... |
8624575 | The role of the microcirculation in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS): a review and perspective. | Major advances in intensive care medicine during the past two decades have altered the spectrum of disease encountered by intensive care physicians, anaesthesiologists, traumatologists and pathologists. One of the most important manifestations of severe trauma or infections is the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (M... |
8643682 | Core binding factor beta-smooth muscle myosin heavy chain chimeric protein involved in acute myeloid leukemia forms unusual nuclear rod-like structures in transformed NIH 3T3 cells. | Patients with the M4Eo subtype of acute myeloid leukemia almost invariably are found to have an inversion of chromosome 16 in their leukemic cells, which results in a gene fusion between the transcription factor called core binding factor beta (CBFbeta) on 16q and a smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) gene on 16p.... |
8627176 | The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C-specific "activatory" or "inhibitory" natural killer cell receptors display highly homologous extracellular domains but differ in their transmembrane and intracytoplasmic portions. | Natural killer cells express clonally distributed receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C-specific receptors have been molecularly identified and cloned. They exist not only as inhibitory (p58) but also as activatory (p50) receptors. Here we show th... |
8627164 | An HLA-A2-restricted tyrosinase antigen on melanoma cells results from posttranslational modification and suggests a novel pathway for processing of membrane proteins. | T lymphocytes recognize antigens consisting of peptides presented by class I and II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The peptides identified so far have been predictable from the amino acid sequences of proteins. We have identified the natural peptide target of a CTL clone that recognizes the tyrosinas... |
8627160 | Neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 gp120 induce envelope glycoprotein subunit dissociation. | The spectrum of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neutralizing immune response has been analyzed by the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the viral envelope glycoproteins, gp41 and gp120. Little is known, however, about the neutralization mechanism of these antibodies. Here we... |
8660304 | Purification and characterization of oil-bodies (oleosomes) and oil-body boundary proteins (oleosins) from the developing cotyledons of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) | Oil-bodies, from the immature cotyledons of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), were difficult to purify to homogeneity using conventional techniques. The major protein contaminants were albumin and globulin storage proteins. A protocol has been developed, therefore, based upon the stringent washing of the oil-body fract... |
8660308 | Co-purification from Escherichia coli of a plant beta-glucosidase-glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and the bacterial chaperonin GroEL. | The coding sequence of the mature cyanogenic beta-D-glucosidase (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) of Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) was cloned into the vector pGEX-2T and expressed in Escherichia coli. The bacterial chaperonin GroEL [Braig, Otwinowski, Hedge, Boisvert, Joachimiak, Horwich ... |
8652585 | Mg coordination by amino acid side chains is not required for assembly and function of the special pair in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. | A conserved histidine serves as the axial ligand to the Mg of bacteriochlorophylls in the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) and many other photosynthetic systems. The histidine axial ligands to each and both bacteriochlorophylls of the special-pair primary electron donor of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides RC have been re... |
8609613 | Contributions of supercoiling to Tn3 resolvase and phage Mu Gin site-specific recombination. | Members of the resolvase/invertase family of site-specific recombinases require supercoiled substrates containing two recombination sites. To dissect the roles of supercoiling in recombination by the Tn3 and gamma delta resolvases and the phage Mu Gin invertase, we used substrates that provided some but not all of the ... |
8611177 | Expression and secretion of recombinant ovine beta-lactoglobulin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis. | High expression and secretion of recombinant ovine beta-lactoglobulin has been achieved in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. The yield of beta-lactoglobulin is 40-50 mg per litre of culture supernatant and accounts for approx. 72% of the total secreted protein. Constitutive expression is under the control of the Saccharo... |
8611171 | Determination of the three-dimensional structure of hordothionin-alpha by nuclear magnetic resonance. | The high-resolution three-dimensional solution structure of the plant toxin hordothionin-alpha obtained from korean barley was determined by using two-dimensional NMR techniques combined with distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics. Experimentally derived restraints including 292 interproton distances from ... |
8611151 | Toxic peptides and genes encoding toxin gamma of the Brazilian scorpions Tityus bahiensis and Tityus stigmurus. | Seven toxic peptides from the venom of Tityus bahiensis and Tityus stigmurus was isolated and sequenced, five of them to completion. The most abundant peptide from each of these two species of scorpion was 95% identical with that of toxin gamma from the venom of Tityus serrulatus. They were consequently named gamma-b a... |
8605315 | The cyanobacterial genome contains a single copy of the ffh gene encoding a homologue of the 54 kDa subunit of signal recognition particle. | Cyanobacteria possess thylakoid membranes that differ in their protein composition from the cytoplasmic membrane. To study possible pathways of protein targeting to these membranes, we have investigated whether or not cyanobacteria have a homologue or homologues of the signal recognition particle-like chaperone Ffh. We... |
8615002 | Domains of the measles virus N protein required for binding to P protein and self-assembly. | The nucleocapsid protein (N, 525 amino acids) of measles virus plays a central role in the replication of the viral genomic RNA. Its functions require interactions with itself and with other viral components. The N protein encapsidates genomic RNA, a function reflected in its ability to self-assemble into nucleocapsid-... |
8635756 | Organization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for rapamycin in Streptomyces hygroscopicus: analysis of the enzymatic domains in the modular polyketide synthase. | The three giant multifunctional polypeptides of the rapamycin (Rp)-producing polyketide synthase (RAPS1, RAPS2 and RAPS3) have recently been shown to contain 14 separate sets, or modules, of enzyme activities, each module catalysing a specific round of polyketide chain extension. Detailed sequence comparison between th... |
8635730 | Organisation of the biosynthetic gene cluster for rapamycin in Streptomyces hygroscopicus: analysis of genes flanking the polyketide synthase. | Analysis of the gene cluster from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that governs the biosynthesis of the polyketide immuno-suppressant rapamycin (Rp) has revealed that it contains three exceptionally large open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the modular polyketide synthase (PKS). Between two of these lies a fourth gene (rapP)... |
8654412 | Phosphate-binding sites in phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. | The two anion-binding sites of the glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GraP-DH), the Ps and Pi sites, were originally proposed by Moras et al. [Moras, D., Olsen, K.W., Sabesan, M.N., Buehner, M., Ford, G.C. & Rossmann, M. G. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 9137-9162] to bind the C3 phosphate of the glyceral... |
8631291 | Phragmoplastin, a dynamin-like protein associated with cell plate formation in plants. | Cytokinesis in a plant cell is accomplished by the formation of a cell plate in the center of the phragmoplast. Little is known of the molecular events associated with this process. In this study, we report the identification of a dynamin-like protein from soybean and demonstrate that this protein is associated with th... |
8599085 | Self-assembling dendrimers. | Hydrogen bond-mediated self-assembly is a powerful strategy for generating large structures from smaller subunits. The synthesis of molecules containing two isophthalic acid units covalently attached to a rigid aromatic spacer is described. By normal pairing of carboxylic acids into hydrogen-bonded dimers, these molecu... |
8599784 | Fluid resuscitation of the trauma patient: how much is enough? | Patient management in the prehospital resuscitative phase after trauma is vitally important to the outcome. Early definitive care remains the essential element in improving morbidity and mortality. In Canada, where a large proportion of trauma occurs at sites distant from a trauma centre, the prehospital resuscitative ... |
8647895 | Filensin and phakinin form a novel type of beaded intermediate filaments and coassemble de novo in cultured cells. | The fiber cells of the eye lens possess a unique cytoskeletal system known as the "beaded-chain filaments" (BFs). BFs consist of filensin and phakinin, two recently characterized intermediate filament (IF) proteins. To examine the organization and the assembly of these heteropolymeric IFs, we have performed a series of... |
8604295 | Differential transcriptional regulation of the apoAI gene by retinoic acid receptor homo- and heterodimers in yeast. | Several members of the nuclear receptor superfamily including RXR (retinoid X receptor) bind to a specific retinoic acid response element (site A) of the apoAI promoter. However, transcriptional activation of the apoAI gene by different homo- and heterodimeric forms of RXR or RAR (retinoic acid receptors) cannot be eva... |
8786373 | Host nerve fibers that regenerate and reside long-term in a rejected nerve allograft are not protected by permability barriers. | We investigated whether permeability barriers develop and protect host nerve fibers that regenerate and reside long-term in a rejected nerve allograft. In order for the barriers to form, host cells have to enter the rejected allograft and differentiate into new endothelial and perineurial cells that respectively form t... |
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