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10696261 | Self-assembly of synthetic glycolipid/water systems. | Glycolipids (amphiphiles that bear oligosaccharides as their hydrophilic headgroups) are of importance both scientifically and technically. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular correlations in phase behavior in aqueous glycolipids over the past several years. In the first part, we... |
10605882 | Spectrofluorimetric determination of piroxicam in the presence and absence of beta-cyclodextrin. | The complexation between beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and piroxicam (PX) was investigated by both fluorescence and absorption spectrometry. A 1:2 guest:host stoichiometry for the complex was established, and its association constant was calculated by applying a non-linear regression method to the changes brought about b... |
10564015 | Analysis of food oligosaccharides using MALDI-MS: quantification of fructooligosaccharides. | Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a powerful new technique that will have a great impact on food analysis. This study demonstrates the applicability of MALDI-MS performed directly on an aqueous food extract for qualitative and quantitative analysis of food oligosaccharides. 2',... |
10549170 | Postulated effects on water structure of some salts and protein denaturants as inferred from measurements of viscosity B coefficients: example of HbS polymerization. | Viscosity measurements have been performed on aqueous solutions of some solutes commonly used in biochemical practice, with a view to determine the B coefficients and their temperature dependence. The temperature dependence measured for some anions leads to a ranking of the latter in an order similar to that reported e... |
10498440 | Molecular, crystal and solution structure of a beta-cyclodextrin complex with the bromide salt of 2-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decan-2-ol, a potent antimicrobial drug. | The pharmacological properties of a cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin) series of adamantane-group-bearing compounds that exhibit potent antibacterial activity have been studied, both isolated and in complex with beta-cyclodextrins (betaCDs). In this work, the structure of the bromide salt of 2-(3-dimethylaminopropy... |
10432701 | New polyazamacrocycle-nucleoside conjugates: synthesis, anti-HIV evaluation and interaction with CXCR-4 coreceptor. | We report the synthesis of new conjugates that incorporate in their structure bis-tetraazamacrocycle coupled with AZT via enzymolabile bond. Two series of bis-polyazamacrocycles-AZT conjugates were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral effect in vitro as well as their capability to bind to CXCR-4 core... |
10422242 | Specific bio-recognition reactions observed with an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer. | The combination of an integrated Mach-Zehnder-interferometer (iMZI) at the bottom of a fluidic microchannel system with supramolecular interfacial binding layers optimized for biosensing purposes is described. The model system used is based on the highly specific interaction of streptavidin to its 'ligand' biotin: a si... |
10420654 | Characterization of the Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase overexpressed in Escherichia coli. | Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC 2. 4. 1. 19) converts starch and related alpha-1,4-glucans to cyclodextrin (CD). Our previous studies of the enzyme have suggested that E344 on the polypeptide is crucial to the enzyme activity. Mutational analysis of CGTase was performed to confirm this idea. Three mutant CG... |
10416315 | [Ischemia-reperfusion of the colon following clamping of the abdominal aorta]. | Aortic cross-clamping is the cornerstone of abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. The transient ischemia of the inferior hemisoma, and mainly of the large bowel, is then a current condition, usually well tolerated. At the time of vascular clamps removal, the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome may take place, and evolution towa... |
10402030 | Epidermal innervation: changes with aging, topographic location, and in sensory neuropathy. | In previous work we demonstrated little effect of aging on the density and spatial pattern of epidermal innervation, however, this was restricted to two sites proximal and distal in the leg. To expand on these observations, we used punch skin biopsy in ten healthy controls to examine the variation in intra-epidermal ne... |
10372177 | New light-scattering and field-trapping methods access the internal electric structure of submicron particles, like influenza viruses. | A variety of AC-electrokinetic field effects can be exploited for handling or electric characterization of microscopic and submicroscopic particles, like cells, organelles, supramolecular structures, and artificial colloids. Despite the fact that dielectric spectroscopy methods by AC-electrokinetics, like common impeda... |
10370192 | Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and doxorubicin pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations following bolus injection of these drugs alone or together in the rabbit. | The purpose of this work was to determine the pharmacokinetics and the tissue concentrations of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MEBCD) and doxorubicin (DOX) in rabbits following administration of MEBCD and DOX, alone or in combination. MEBCD (200 mg/kg) and DOX (1 mg/kg) were intravenously injected to white New Zealand rabbi... |
10370186 | Investigations into the structure and composition of beta-cyclodextrin/poly(acrylic acid) microspheres. | Microspheres composed of the hydrophilic polymer poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), with and without beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), were prepared by a water-in-oil (w/o) solvent evaporation technique. Microspheres were characterised for particle size, beta-CD and residual oil content. The type of matrix formed during microsphere ... |
10371466 | Structural features of heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptors and their modulatory proteins. | Over the past 20 years, the general mechanism for signaling through 7-transmembrane helix receptors coupled to GTP hydrolysis has been worked out. Although similar in overall organization, subtype variability and subcellular localization of components have built in considerable signaling specificity. Atomic resolution ... |
10357233 | A molecular recognition hypothesis for nonpeptides: Na+ K+ ATPase and endogenous digitalis-like peptides. | The molecular recognition hypothesis for peptides is that binding sites of ligands and their receptors are encoded by short, complementary segments of DNA. A corollary hypothesis for nonpeptide ligands posited here is that peptide replicas may be encoded by the DNA segment complementary to the receptor binding sites fo... |
10357230 | Biochemical dysfunction and memory loss: the case of Alzheimer's dementia. | Among the different types of cognitive impairment that appear with increasing age, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rated as the most frequent. Despite intensive research, key questions concerning AD aetiology remain elusive, but it appears that many biochemical events crucial for neuronal communication and synaptic plastic... |
10341434 | Purification and properties of a novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus firmus. | A novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase; E.C. 2.4.1.19), produced by Bacillus firmus, was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, affinity and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of the pure protein was estimated to be 78,000 and 82,000 Da, by SDS-PAGE and gel filtr... |
10338134 | Heptameric association of light-harvesting complex II trimers in partially solubilized photosystem II membranes. | We report a structural characterization by electron microscopy and image analysis of a supramolecular complex consisting of seven trimeric light-harvesting complex II proteins. The complex was readily observed in partially-solubilized Tris-washed photosystem II membranes from spinach but was also found to occur, with a... |
10333588 | Polyamines and pectins. II. Modulation of pectic-signal transduction. | A previous study had shown that polyamines adsorb selectively on plant cell walls according to the valence of the polyamine (Messiaen et al. 1997, Plant Physiol. 113: 387-395). In this study, the adsorption of polyamines onto isolated carrot cell walls and onto pure polygalacturonic acid was investigated in the presenc... |
10327641 | Characterization of the stereoselective metabolism of thiopental and its metabolite pentobarbital via analysis of their enantiomers in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis. | Using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with a 75 mM phosphate buffer at pH 8.5 containing 5 mM hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (OHP-gamma-CD) as chiral selector, the separation of the enantiomers of thiopental and its oxybarbiturate metabolite, pentobarbital, is reported. Enantiomer assignment was performed via pr... |
10327632 | Capillary zone electrophoresis separations of enantiomers present in complex ionic matrices with on-line isotachophoretic sample pretreatment. | Analytical capabilities of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with on-line coupled capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) sample pretreatment in the column-coupling capillary electrophoresis equipment to separate and determine enantiomers present in multicomponent ionic matrices were studied. Tryptophan was used as a model... |
10328296 | Complexation study and anticellular activity enhancement by doxorubicin-cyclodextrin complexes on a multidrug-resistant adenocarcinoma cell line. | Ability of molecular complexes of [Doxorubicin (DX)-cyclodextrin (Cd)] to enhance the anticellular activity of antineoplastic drug Doxorubicin and to reverse its multidrug resistance has been investigated. A spectroscopic study of the alpha, beta, and gamma-[DX-Cds] complexes has been investigated in relation to their ... |
10323592 | 5-hydroxytryptamine stimulation of phospholipase D activity in the rabbit isolated mesenteric artery. | 1. The involvement of phospholipase D (PLD) in the 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT1B/5-HT1D-signalling pathway was assessed in the rabbit isolated mesenteric artery. 2. RT-PCR analysis of mesenteric smooth muscle cells revealed a strong signal corresponding to mRNA transcript for the 5-HT1B receptor. The PCR fragment correspo... |
10321662 | Changes in blood lymphocyte populations after multiple trauma: association with posttraumatic complications. | <h4>Objective</h4>To study the frequency of several lymphocyte subsets, circulating cytokines, and prostaglandin plasma values at their time course over a period of 14 days in severely injured trauma patients in relation to the development of sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF).<h4>Design</h4>Prospective study.<h4>... |
10319434 | The dependence of catalytic activities of secondary functional beta-cyclodextrins on cavity structures. | Secondary imidazole-appended beta-cyclodextrin 5 with a nondistorted cavity synthesized from a novel intermediate 3-amino-3-deoxy-beta-cyclodextrin exhibits much greater catalytic activity in the ester hydrolysis than its isomer 6 with a distorted cavity, indicating that the catalytic activities of secondary functional... |
10235647 | Foundations of metabolic organization: coherence as a basis of computational properties in metabolic networks. | Biological organization is based on the coherent energy transfer allowing for macromolecules to operate with high efficiency and realize computation. Computation is executed with virtually 100% efficiency via the coherent operation of molecular machines in which low-energy recognitions trigger energy-driven non-equilib... |
10235260 | Self-assembly of nanoscale cuboctahedra by coordination chemistry. | Self-assembled polyhedral structures are common in biology. The coats of many viruses, for example, have a structure based on icosahedral symmetry. The preparation of synthetic polyhedral molecular assemblies represents a challenging problem, but supramolecular chemistry has now advanced to the point where the task may... |
10230409 | [Chronic diarrhea due to lymphocytic colitis treated with piroxicam beta cyclodextrin]. | <h4>Background</h4>Lymphocytic colitis is a chronic diarrhea syndrome with no endoscopically detectable anomaly and histological colonic lesions.<h4>Case report</h4>A 52-year-old woman was hospitalized for chronic diarrhea. She experienced 10 to 30 liquid bowel movements per day. Symptoms had begun 8 days after taking ... |
10228451 | [Fast drug analysis by capillary electrophoresis. II. Analysis of denopamine tablets. Effects of purity of dimethyl beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selector on enantiomer separations]. | Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been utilized as a tool for enantiomeric separation. It has been incorporated into both USP and EP forums as the methods for general tests and assays. In the present study, we applied CE to the assay and content uniformity of denopamine tablets (KALGUT), which are clinically used as a... |
10226701 | Usefulness of postoperative percutaneous cardiopulmonary support using a centrifugal pump: retrospective analysis of complications. | Between January 1992 and December 1997, we employed percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) using a centrifugal pump in 25 patients. In 21 of them, PCPS was used postcardiotomy. These patients could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass due to profound ventricular failure. As for the other 4 patients, PCPS was ... |
10226368 | Isolation, primary structure characterization and identification of the glycosylation pattern of recombinant goldfish neurolin, a neuronal cell adhesion protein. | Neurolin is a growth-associated cell surface glycoprotein from goldfish and zebra fish which has been shown to be involved in axonal path-finding in the goldfish retina and suggested to function as a receptor for axon guidance molecules. Being a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion proteins, neurol... |
10227713 | Cloud point of nonionic surfactants: modulation with pharmaceutical excipients. | <h4>Purpose</h4>To determine the cloud point of a variety of nonionic surfactants and to search for means to raise the surfactant cloud point in liquid formulations.<h4>Methods</h4>Cloud points of nonionic surfactants were determined visually in a water bath. Organic compounds, many of which have been used as pharmaceu... |
10227711 | Design and evaluation of an osmotic pump tablet (OPT) for chlorpromazine using (SBE)7m-beta-CD. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The purpose of this study was to develop a controlled-porosity osmotic pump tablet (OPT) which exhibits pH-independent release profiles for a basic drug using a sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin, (SBE)7m-beta-CD, which acts as both a solubilizer and as an osmotic agent.<h4>Methods</h4>Chlorpromazine fr... |
10227291 | Stochastic sensing of organic analytes by a pore-forming protein containing a molecular adapter. | The detection of organic molecules is important in many areas, including medicine, environmental monitoring and defence. Stochastic sensing is an approach that relies on the observation of individual binding events between analyte molecules and a single receptor. Engineered transmembrane protein pores are promising sen... |
10222200 | Crystal structure of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase II (TVAII) hydrolyzing cyclodextrins and pullulan at 2.6 A resolution. | The crystal structure of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-Amylase II (TVAII) has been determined by multiple isomorphous replacement at 2.6 A resolution. TVAII was crystallized in an orthorhombic system with the space group P212121 and the cell dimensions a=118.5 A, b=119.5 A, c=114.5 A. There are two molecules in... |
10220394 | Polarization transfer by cross-correlated relaxation in solution NMR with very large molecules. | In common multidimensional NMR experiments for studies of biological macromolecules in solution, magnetization transfers via spin-spin couplings [insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (INEPT)] are key elements of the pulse schemes. For molecular weights beyond 100,000, transverse relaxation during the tr... |
10220382 | Hyaluronan forms specific stable tertiary structures in aqueous solution: a 13C NMR study. | 13C NMR spectra of aqueous solutions of hyaluronan (HA) of high molecular mass, before and after digestion with testicular hyaluronidase, and of hyaluronan methyl ester were obtained at 125.8 MHz. Carbonyl peaks were assigned by using selective decoupling techniques. Spectra of digested and undigested HA showed sharp s... |
10220379 | Autoinducer binding by the quorum-sensing regulator TraR increases affinity for target promoters in vitro and decreases TraR turnover rates in whole cells. | TraR is an Agrobacterium transcriptional regulator whose activity requires the pheromone N-3-oxooctanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. TraR was purified as a complex with the pheromone and contained one pheromone molecule per protein monomer. TraR-pheromone complexes bound to a single DNA site and activated two promoters that ... |
10220340 | Arg352 is a major determinant of charge selectivity in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel. | The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator forms an anion-selective channel. We previously showed that charge selectivity, the ability to discriminate between anions and cations, occurs near the cytoplasmic end of the channel. The molecular determinants of charge selectivity, however, are unknown. We inves... |
10217221 | Multiple organ failure: by the time you predict it, it's already there. | <h4>Objective</h4>Validate an at-risk population to study multiple organ failure and to determine the importance of organ dysfunction 24 hours after injury in determining the ultimate severity of multiple organ failure.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated 105 patients admitted to five academic trauma centers during a 1-year pe... |
10217142 | Template-imprinted nanostructured surfaces for protein recognition. | Synthetic materials capable of selectively recognizing proteins are important in separations, biosensors and the development of biomedical materials. The technique of molecular imprinting creates specific recognition sites in polymers by using template molecules. Molecular recognition is attributed to binding sites tha... |
10212119 | Comparison of four 64Cu-labeled somatostatin analogues in vitro and in a tumor-bearing rat model: evaluation of new derivatives for positron emission tomography imaging and targeted radiotherapy. | Previous studies have shown that modification of the somatostatin analogue octreotide (OC), by substitution of tyrosine for phenylalanine at position 3 and of a C-terminal carboxylic acid for an alcohol, to give Tyr3-octreotate (Y3-TATE) improved uptake of the peptide in somatostatin receptor-positive tissues. To deter... |
10213607 | Solution structures of apo and holo biotinyl domains from acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase of Escherichia coli determined by triple-resonance nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | A subgene encoding the 87 C-terminal amino acids of the biotinyl carboxy carrier protein (BCCP) from the acetyl CoA carboxylase of Escherichia coli was overexpressed and the apoprotein biotinylated in vitro. The structures of both the apo and holo forms of the biotinyl domain were determined by means of multidimensiona... |
10209030 | Cellular uptake of chloroquine is dependent on binding to ferriprotoporphyrin IX and is independent of NHE activity in Plasmodium falciparum. | Here we provide definitive evidence that chloroquine (CQ) uptake in Plasmodium falciparum is determined by binding to ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FPIX). Specific proteinase inhibitors that block the degradation of hemoglobin and stop the generation of FPIX also inhibit CQ uptake. Food vacuole enzymes can generate cell-free... |
10208862 | High efficient expression of the functional ligand binding site of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor in Escherichia coli. | Type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1), an inositol 1, 4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-gated Ca2+ release channel, binds IP3 within the N-terminal ligand-binding region. Here we report an improved Escherichia coli expression system in which large amounts of the IP3 binding sites could be efficiently produced as s... |
10206643 | Impairment of dynamin's GAP domain stimulates receptor-mediated endocytosis. | Dynamin is a GTP-hydrolysing protein that is an essential participant in clathrin-mediated endocytosis by cells. It self-assembles into 'collars' in vitro which also formin vivo at the necks of invaginated coated pits. This self-assembly stimulates dynamin's GTPase activity and it has been proposed that dynamin hydroly... |
10204038 | Mercuracarborand "anti-crown ether"-based chloride-sensitive liquid/polymeric membrane electrodes. | Highly sensitive and selective chloride liquid/polymeric membrane electrodes are described that employ [9]-mercuracarborand-3 (MC3), a neutral preorganized macrocyclic Lewis acid, as the anion carrier. MC3-based chloride-sensitive membrane electrodes, doped with different mole percentages of cationic additives (5, 10, ... |
10202148 | Defective IL-12 production in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 3 (Mkk3)-deficient mice. | The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, like the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK pathway, is activated in response to cellular stress and inflammation and is involved in many fundamental biological processes. To study the role of the p38 MAPK pathway in vivo, we have used homologous recombination in... |
10200309 | Self-assembly of polyglutamine-containing huntingtin fragments into amyloid-like fibrils: implications for Huntington's disease pathology. | Huntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine [poly(Q)] repeat expansion in the first exon of the huntingtin protein. Previously, we showed that N-terminal huntingtin peptides with poly(Q) tracts in the pathological range (51-122 glutamines), but not with poly(Q) tracts in t... |
10200249 | A common pharmacophore for cytotoxic natural products that stabilize microtubules. | Taxol (paclitaxel), a complex diterpene obtained from the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, is arguably the most important new drug in cancer chemotherapy. The mechanism of cytotoxic action for paclitaxel-i.e., the stabilization of microtubules leading to mitotic arrest-is now shared by four recently identified natural pr... |
10200247 | V-Amylose at atomic resolution: X-ray structure of a cycloamylose with 26 glucose residues (cyclomaltohexaicosaose). | The amylose fraction of starch occurs in double-helical A- and B-amyloses and the single-helical V-amylose. The latter contains a channel-like central cavity that is able to include molecules, "iodine's blue" being the best-known representative. Molecular models of these amylose forms have been deduced by solid state 1... |
10103199 | Lipopolyamines: novel antiendotoxin compounds that reduce mortality in experimental sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria. | The interactions of lipopolyamines, a class of structurally unique compounds currently being used as transfection (lipofection) agents, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been characterized. Our studies have demonstrated that 1,3-di-oleoyloxy-2-(6-carboxyspermyl)-propylamide), available commercially as DOSPER, binds to... |
10198278 | Interactions of macrolide antibiotics (Erythromycin A, roxithromycin, erythromycylamine [Dirithromycin], and azithromycin) with phospholipids: computer-aided conformational analysis and studies on acellular and cell culture models. | The potential of 14/15 membered macrolides to cause phospholipidosis has been prospectively assessed, and structure-effects examined, using combined experimental and conformational approaches. Biochemical studies demonstrated drug binding to phosphatidylinositol-containing liposomes and inhibition of the activity of ly... |
10201407 | Structures of the M2 channel-lining segments from nicotinic acetylcholine and NMDA receptors by NMR spectroscopy. | The structures of functional peptides corresponding to the predicted channel-lining M2 segments of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and of a glutamate receptor of the NMDA subtype (NMDAR) were determined using solution NMR experiments on micelle samples, and solid-state NMR experiments on bilayer samples. Bo... |
10187806 | Chloroquine binds in the cofactor binding site of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase. | Although the molecular mechanism by which chloroquine exerts its effects on the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum remains unclear, the drug has previously been found to interact specifically with the glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase from the parasite. In this study we have determined the crystal structure ... |
10197969 | Enzyme-assisted total synthesis of the optical antipodes D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and D-myo-inositol 1,5, 6-trisphosphate: aspects of their structure-activity relationship to biologically active inositol phosphates. | Unambiguous total syntheses of both optical antipodes of the enantiomeric pair D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(3,4,5)P3) and D-myo-inositol 1,5,6-trisphosphate (Ins(1,5,6)P3) are described. The ring system characteristic of myo-inositol was constructed de novo from p-benzoquinone. X-ray data for the enzymatical... |
10198028 | Acarbose, a pseudooligosaccharide, is transported but not metabolized by the maltose-maltodextrin system of Escherichia coli. | The pseudooligosaccharide acarbose is a potent inhibitor of amylases, glucosidases, and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and is clinically used for the treatment of so-called type II or insulin-independent diabetes. The compound consists of an unsaturated aminocyclitol, a deoxyhexose, and a maltose. The unsaturated ami... |
10198008 | Distinct affinity of binding sites for S-layer homologous domains in Clostridium thermocellum and Bacillus anthracis cell envelopes. | Binding parameters were determined for the SLH (S-layer homologous) domains from the Clostridium thermocellum outer layer protein OlpB, from the C. thermocellum S-layer protein SlpA, and from the Bacillus anthracis S-layer proteins EA1 and Sap, using cell walls from C. thermocellum and B. anthracis. Each SLH domain bou... |
10198050 | Extraction of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin perturbs formation of clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles. | The importance of cholesterol for endocytosis has been investigated in HEp-2 and other cell lines by using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) to selectively extract cholesterol from the plasma membrane. MbetaCD treatment strongly inhibited endocytosis of transferrin and EGF, whereas endocytosis of ricin was less affect... |
10194457 | Chagas' disease and the autoimmunity hypothesis. | The notion that the pathology of Chagas' disease has an autoimmune component was initially based on the finding of circulating antibodies binding heart tissue antigens in patients and mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Later, T lymphocytes reactive with heart or nerve tissue antigens were found in chagas... |
10194611 | Inclusion complexation of nimesulide with beta-cyclodextrins. | Nimesulide (NM), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has poor aqueous solubility. The present study describes the complexation of NM with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and its derivative hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP beta-CD). The complexation was studied by phase solubility method, Fourier transformed in... |
10194601 | Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of miconazole and econazole--isolation, toxicity on human cells, and confirmation of a new interpretation of the drug supersaturation phenomenon. | Parameters that influence the precipitation of the beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) inclusion complexes of the antimycotics miconazole and econazole were investigated. The mechanistic reason for the superior antimycotic activity of the miconazole inclusion complex was studied. The toxicity of the complex was estimated. The ... |
10191297 | Antilithiasic effect of beta-cyclodextrin in LPN hamster: comparison with cholestyramine. | Beta-Cyclodextrin (BCD), a cyclic oligosaccharide that binds cholesterol and bile acids in vitro, has been previously shown to be an effective plasma cholesterol lowering agent in hamsters and domestic pigs. This study examined the effects of BCD as compared with cholestyramine on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism i... |
10190902 | Altered ligands reveal limited plasticity in the T cell response to a pathogenic epitope. | Experimental leishmaniasis offers a well characterized model of T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-mediated control of infection by an intracellular organism. Susceptible BALB/c mice aberrantly develop Th2 cells in response to infection and are unable to control parasite dissemination. The early CD4(+) T cell response in these... |
10101159 | Suppressor analysis of mutations in the 5'-untranslated region of COB mRNA identifies components of general pathways for mitochondrial mRNA processing and decay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | The cytochrome b gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, COB, is encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Nuclear-encoded Cbp1 protein is required specifically for COB mRNA stabilization. Cbp1 interacts with a CCG element in a 64-nucleotide sequence in the 5'-untranslated region of COB mRNA. Mutation of any nucleotide in the CCG... |
10101157 | Suppressor analysis of fimbrin (Sac6p) overexpression in yeast. | Yeast fimbrin (Sac6p) is an actin filament-bundling protein that is lethal when overexpressed. To identify the basis for this lethality, we sought mutations that can suppress it. A total of 1326 suppressor mutations were isolated and analyzed. As the vast majority of mutations were expected to simply decrease the expre... |
10102903 | Nucleic acid detection technologies -- labels, strategies, and formats. | Currently, no consensus exists on assay formats, labels, or detection reactions for nucleic acid assays. New labels continue to be developed and tested, and recent candidates include acetate kinase, firefly luciferase, and genes for enzymes. An additional trend is toward nonamplification strategies (e.g., branched chai... |
10103287 | Isolation and characterization of a second subunit of molecular chaperonin from Pyrococcus kodakaraensis KOD1: analysis of an ATPase-deficient mutant enzyme. | The cpkA gene encoding a second (alpha) subunit of archaeal chaperonin from Pyrococcus kodakaraensis KOD1 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant CpkA was studied for chaperonin functions in comparison with CpkB (beta subunit). The effect on decreasing the insoluble form of proteins was ex... |
10103262 | Modes of action of acarbose hydrolysis and transglycosylation catalyzed by a thermostable maltogenic amylase, the gene for which was cloned from a Thermus strain. | A maltogenic amylase gene was cloned in Escherichia coli from a gram-negative thermophilic bacterium, Thermus strain IM6501. The gene encoded an enzyme (ThMA) with a molecular mass of 68 kDa which was expressed by the expression vector p6xHis119. The optimal temperature of ThMA was 60 degrees C, which was higher than t... |
10188731 | EB/RP gene family encodes tubulin binding proteins. | Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are linked to the dysplastic transformation of colorectal polyps and represent an early step in the development of colorectal tumors. Ninety-four percent of all mutations result in the expression of a truncated APC protein lacking the C-terminal region. The C-termi... |
10099151 | Synthesis of theophylline-polyrotaxane conjugates and their drug release via supramolecular dissociation. | Theophylline-polyrotaxane conjugates were synthesized by coupling theophylline with alpha-cyclodextrins (alpha-CDs) in the polyrotaxane. The polyrotaxane is a molecular assembly in which many alpha-CDs are threaded onto a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain capped with L-phenylalanine (L-Phe). Theophylline-7-acetic acid ... |
10102501 | Tenascin-C in the cochlea of the developing mouse. | Tenascin-C is a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that acts in vitro as both a permissive and a nonpermissive substrate for neurite growth. We analyzed, by immunocytochemistry, the distribution of tenascin-C along neural growth pathways in the developing mouse cochlea. In the spiral lamina, tenascin-C coexists i... |
10092680 | A high molecular weight intermediate filament-associated protein in BHK-21 cells is nestin, a type VI intermediate filament protein. Limited co-assembly in vitro to form heteropolymers with type III vimentin and type IV alpha-internexin. | BHK-21 fibroblasts contain type III vimentin/desmin intermediate filament (IF) proteins that typically co-isolate and co-cycle in in vitro experiments with certain high molecular weight proteins. Here, we report purification of one of these and demonstrate that it is in fact the type VI IF protein nestin. Nestin is exp... |
10092601 | A heptad motif of leucine residues found in membrane proteins can drive self-assembly of artificial transmembrane segments. | Specific interactions between alpha-helical transmembrane segments are important for folding and/or oligomerization of membrane proteins. Previously, we have shown that most transmembrane helix-helix interfaces of a set of crystallized membrane proteins are structurally equivalent to soluble leucine zipper interaction ... |
10094714 | Cellular locations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae HrcC and HrcJ proteins, required for harpin secretion via the type III pathway. | The complete hrp-hrc-hrmA cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 encodes 28 polypeptides. A saprophytic bacterium carrying this cluster is capable of secreting HrpZ-a harpin encoded by hrpZ-in an hrp-dependent manner, which suggests that this cluster contains sufficient components to assemble functional type I... |
10094691 | The major phase-variable outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli structurally resembles the immunoglobulin A1 protease class of exported protein and is regulated by a novel mechanism involving Dam and oxyR. | Here we report the characterization of an Escherichia coli gene (agn43) which encodes the principal phase-variable outer membrane protein termed antigen 43 (Ag43). The agn43 gene encodes a precursor protein of 107 kDa containing a 52-amino-acid signal sequence. Posttranslational processing generates an alpha43 subunit ... |
10090844 | Pancreatitis-induced ascitic fluid and hepatocellular dysfunction in severe acute pancreatitis. | <h4>Background</h4>Multiple organ failure (MOF) is the most serious complication in severe acute pancreatitis, contributing to its high mortality. It has been suggested that changes of high-energy phosphates, intracellular pH, and intracellular cation homeostasis are closely related to hepatocellular injury associated ... |
10085244 | High-affinity binding of very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters to the peroxisomal non-specific lipid-transfer protein (sterol carrier protein-2). | Binding of fluorescent fatty acids to bovine liver non-specific lipid-transfer protein (nsL-TP) was assessed by measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the single tryptophan residue of nsL-TP and the fluorophore. Upon addition of pyrene dodecanoic acid (Pyr-C12) and cis-parinaric acid to nsL-TP,... |
10085238 | Purified meningococcal transferrin-binding protein B interacts with a secondary, strain-specific, binding site in the N-terminal lobe of human transferrin. | Neisseria meningitidis, grown in iron-limited conditions, produces two transferrin-binding proteins (TbpA and TbpB) that independently and specifically bind human serum transferrin (hTF) but not bovine serum transferrin (bTF). We have used surface plasmon resonance to characterize the interaction between individual Tbp... |
10085220 | The protein disulphide-isomerase family: unravelling a string of folds. | The mammalian protein disulphide-isomerase (PDI) family encompasses several highly divergent proteins that are involved in the processing and maturation of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins are characterized by the presence of one or more domains of roughly 95-110 amino acids related to th... |
10085049 | Biological properties of structurally related alpha-helical cationic antimicrobial peptides. | A series of alpha-helical cationic antimicrobial peptide variants with small amino acid changes was designed. Alterations in the charge, hydrophobicity, or length of the variant peptides did not improve the antimicrobial activity, and there was no statistically significant correlation between any of these factors and t... |
10082517 | Esa1p is an essential histone acetyltransferase required for cell cycle progression. | Histones are dynamically modified during chromatin assembly, as specific transcriptional patterns are established, and during mitosis and development. Modifications include acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation, but the biological significance of each of these is not well under... |
10075910 | Use of parvovirus-like particles for vaccination and induction of multiple immune responses. | Expression of the VP2 gene of autonomous parvoviruses in insect cells with the use of the baculovirus system has led to the production of virus-like particles (VLPs) formed by the self-assembly of VP2. These VLPs are expressed at high levels and can easily be purified by salt fractionation. They are highly immunogenic ... |
10079770 | The role of DNA-protein salt bridges in molecular recognition: a model study. | A theoretical study is presented of the influence of salt bridges between cationic side chains and DNA phosphates on DNA conformation and flexibility. The DNA sequence studied is that of the catabolite activator protein binding oligomer from the crystallized complex. The effect of salt bridges is modeled by neutralizat... |
10079768 | Structural consequences of D-amino acids in collagen triple-helical peptides. | The effects of racemization of aspartic acid on triple-helical formation have been studied using a "host-guest" peptide approach where selected guest Gly-Xaa-Yaa triplets were included within a common acetyl-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)3-Gly-Xaa-Yaa-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)4-Gly-Gly-amide frame-work. Four guest triplets, Gly-Asp-Hyp and Gly-Asp... |
29711809 | Neutral, Cationic, and Anionic Alkyl Derivatives of Tungsten Bonded to a Calix[4]arene Oxo Surface. | The chemically reversible reduction of [(Me)<sub>2</sub> W(calix)] to the diamagnetic [(Me)<sub>2</sub> W(calix)Na<sub>2</sub> ] [Eq. (1)], without major changes in the connectivity of the molecule, illustrates the flexibility of the calixarene ligand and stresses its potential as a molecular functional model of hetero... |
29711558 | An Open-Framework Germanate with Polycubane-Like Topology. | Body-centered Ge<sub>9</sub> parallelepiped building blocks form the basis of the structure of [Ge<sub>9</sub> O<sub>18</sub> (OH)<sub>4</sub> ]⋅2 (H<sub>2</sub> ppz)⋅0.5 (H<sub>2</sub> O) (ASU-14, ppz=piperazine). In this new structure type for an open-framework germanate (see picture for a section of the structure) t... |
29711555 | Self-Assembly of Predesigned Trimetallic Macrocycles Based on Benzimidazole as Nonlinear Bridging Motifs: Crystal Structure of a Luminescent Platinum(II) Cyclic Trimer. | A trimetallic macrocycle: Starting from nonlinear N-deprotonated benzimidazole and square-planar cyclometalated platinum(II) precursors, cyclic trimers with three metal vertices can be obtained by a general and rational strategy (shown schematically, M=Pt). A complex is formed with 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine as chelating li... |
29711546 | Synthesis of a Five-Membered Molecular Necklace: A 2+2 Approach. | Like with a string of pearls, four molecular "beads" are threaded on a molecular rectangle to form a molecular necklace. This rectangular species is synthesized from two L-shaped, preorganized pseudorotaxanes with two molecular beads each (cucurbituril, schematically symbolized by the barrels), held together by Cu<sup>... |
29711540 | Convergent Route to Organometallic Dendrimers Composed of Platinum-Acetylide Units. | The third-generation dendrimer with 45 platinum atoms (shown schematically) was synthesized efficiently by a convergent methodology in which two different trialkylsilyl groups (symbolized by the nodal points) are used to protect the bridging triethynylbenzene derivatives. PT=[Pt(PEt<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ]. |
29711537 | Functional Molecular Thin Films: Topological Templates for the Chemoselective Ligation of Antigenic Peptides to Self-Assembled Monolayers. | The combination of self-assembly and regioselective surface chemistry has made it possible to immobilize peptide recognition sites 1 on a template attached to a gold surface. Each of the seven individual reaction steps, including the final functional biomolecular recognition, was controlled in situ with surface-sensiti... |
29711533 | Shape-Induced, Hexagonal, Open Frameworks: Rubidium Ion Complexed Cucurbituril. | A honeycomb structure is shown by the one-dimensional coordination polymer comprising D<sub>6h</sub> -symmetric cucurbituril molecules and rubidium ions (see picture). The cucurbituril molecules stack atop one another and show coordination of their carbonyl groups to the rubidium ions in between. The shape and symmetry... |
29711531 | Macrocyclic Cyclopropenes by Highly Enantioselective Intramolecular Addition of Metal Carbenes to Alkynes. | The intramolecular addition of a diazo ester group to a triple bond in the presence of chiral dirhodium(II) carboxamidate catalysts gives macrocyclic lactones with a fused cycloproprene ring [Eq. (a)]. This efficient reaction is characterized by high enantiocontrol (up to 98% ee) and chemoselectivity. |
22346377 | In vitro activity of cefepime against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, viridans group streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae from a cross-Canada surveillance study. | <h4>Objective</h4>To determine the in vitro activity of cefepime against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci obtained from an ongoing cross-Canada surveillance study.<h4>Design</h4>Clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli with inducible and constitutive chromosomally mediated cep... |
21662771 | Effect of Structural Variation within Lipophilic Lariat Ether Phosphonic Acid Monoesters on the Selectivity and Efficiency of Competitive Alkali Metal Cation Extraction into Chloroform. | Lipophilic lariat ether phosphonic acid monoethyl esters with systematic crown ether ring size variation from 12-crown-4 to 24-crown-8 are utilized for competitive alkali metal cation extractions from aqueous solutions into chloroform. Effective alkali metal cation extraction from weakly acidic, neutral, and basic aque... |
21662768 | Dilute Solution Behavior of Dendrimers and Polysaccharides: SEC, ESI-MS, and Computer Modeling. | Dendrimers, the most highly branched structures achievable, have found numerous uses in the chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical fields. We have employed size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with universal calibration to determine molecular weight averages, distributions, intrinsic viscosities, and structural parame... |
18967511 | Cesium-ion selective electrodes based on calix[4]arene dibenzocrown ethers. | Four calix[4]arene dibenzocrown ether compounds have been prepared and evaluated as Cs(+)-selective ligands in solvent polymeric membrane electrodes. The ionophores include 25,27-bis(1-propyloxy)calix[4]arene dibenzocrown-6 1, 25,27-bis(1-alkyloxy)calix[4]arene dibenzocrown-7s 2 and 3, and 25,27-bis(1-propyloxy)calix[4... |
18967496 | Extraction of sodium and potassium picrates with 16-crown-5 into various diluents. Elucidation of fundamental equilibria determining the extraction selectivity for Na(+) over K(+). | The constants of the overall extraction equilibrium (K(ex)), the partition for various diluents having low dielectric constants (K(D,MLA)), the aqueous ion-pair formation (K(MLA)), and the dimer formation in CCl(4) of 16-crown-5 (16C5)-alkali metal (Na, K) picrate 1:1:1 complexes were determined at 25 degrees C; the di... |
10837712 | Cyclodextrin-based controlled drug release system. | Because of their bioadaptability and multi-functional characteristics, cyclodextrins (CDs) are capable of alleviating the undesirable properties of drug molecules in various routes of administration through the formation of inclusion complexes. This article outlines the current application of natural and chemically mod... |
10837711 | Cyclodextrins in peptide and protein delivery. | The objective of this contribution is to summarize recent findings on the potential of cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives as carriers for therapeutically important peptides, proteins and oligonucleotides. As one of the indices relevant to bioadaptability of CDs in pharmaceutical uses, their interaction with cell... |
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