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10359599 | Amino acid sequence requirements of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of influenza virus hemagglutinin for viable membrane fusion. | The amino acid sequence requirements of the transmembrane (TM) domain and cytoplasmic tail (CT) of the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus in membrane fusion have been investigated. Fusion properties of wild-type HA were compared with those of chimeras consisting of the ectodomain of HA and the TM domain and/or CT of... |
10360871 | Preparation of barbiturate optical isomers and their effects on GABA(A) receptors. | <h4>Background</h4>Barbiturate anesthetics are optically active and usually exist in two mirror-image enantiomeric forms. Their stereoselective effects in mammals are well known, but remarkably few data are available concerning their effects on anesthetic targets in vitro. This is in part because of the lack of availab... |
10357859 | PAS domains: internal sensors of oxygen, redox potential, and light. | PAS domains are newly recognized signaling domains that are widely distributed in proteins from members of the Archaea and Bacteria and from fungi, plants, insects, and vertebrates. They function as input modules in proteins that sense oxygen, redox potential, light, and some other stimuli. Specificity in sensing arise... |
10357856 | Formation of mRNA 3' ends in eukaryotes: mechanism, regulation, and interrelationships with other steps in mRNA synthesis. | Formation of mRNA 3' ends in eukaryotes requires the interaction of transacting factors with cis-acting signal elements on the RNA precursor by two distinct mechanisms, one for the cleavage of most replication-dependent histone transcripts and the other for cleavage and polyadenylation of the majority of eukaryotic mRN... |
10357853 | Mechanisms of T-cell activation by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. | The interactions between human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and the cellular immune system can be divided into viral interference with functions of the infected host T cell and the subsequent interactions between the infected T cell and the cellular immune system. HTLV-I-mediated activation of the infected... |
10357809 | The Qo site of cytochrome b6f complexes controls the activation of the LHCII kinase. | We created a Qo pocket mutant by site-directed mutagenesis of the chloroplast petD gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We mutated the conserved PEWY sequence in the EF loop of subunit IV into PWYE. The pwye mutant did not grow in phototrophic conditions although it assembled wild-type levels of cytochrome b6f complexes.... |
10354459 | Anomalous diffusion of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on HeLa cells determined by single particle tracking. | Single-particle tracking (SPT) was used to determine the mobility characteristics of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I molecules at the surface of HeLa cells at 22 degrees C and on different time scales. MHC class I was labeled using the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody (W6/32), covalently bound to ei... |
10354452 | Mechanism of scaffolding-directed virus assembly suggested by comparison of scaffolding-containing and scaffolding-lacking P22 procapsids. | Assembly of certain classes of bacterial and animal viruses requires the transient presence of molecules known as scaffolding proteins, which are essential for the assembly of the precursor procapsid. To assemble a procapsid of the proper size, each viral coat subunit must adopt the correct quasiequivalent conformation... |
10354451 | Water in actin polymerization. | We have addressed the question whether water is part of the G- to F-actin polymerization reaction. Under osmotic stress, the critical concentration for G-Ca-ATP actin was reduced for six different osmolytes. These results are interpreted as showing that reducing water activity favored the polymerized state. The magnitu... |
10354420 | Discrimination of DNA hybridization using chemical force microscopy. | Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to probe the mechanics of molecular recognition between surfaces. In the application known as "chemical force" microscopy (CFM), a chemically modified AFM tip probes a surface through chemical recognition. When modified with a biological ligand or receptor, the AFM tip can disc... |
10354404 | Low-molecular-weight peptidic and cyclic antagonists of the receptor for the complement factor C5a. | Activation of the human complement system of plasma proteins during immunological host defense can result in overproduction of potent proinflammatory peptides such as the anaphylatoxin C5a. Excessive levels of C5a are associated with numerous immunoinflammatory diseases, but there is as yet no clinically available anta... |
10353816 | Structure of raw starch-digesting Bacillus cereus beta-amylase complexed with maltose. | The crystals of beta-amylase from Bacillus cereus belong to space group P21 with the following cell dimensions: a = 57.70 A, b = 92.87 A, c = 65.93 A, and beta =101.95 degrees. The structures of free and maltose-bound beta-amylases were determined by X-ray crystallography at 2.1 and 2.5 A with R-factors of 0.170 and 0.... |
10350499 | Thermodynamic analysis of the binding of a hepatoprotectant drug, thioctic acid, by beta-cyclodextrin. | Spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies of the binding of a hepatoprotectant drug, thioctic acid, by beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) have been carried out using UV-vis and pH potentiometric measurements. The UV-vis spectra and the pH of the aqueous solutions of the drug were measured (i) as a function of total drug concent... |
10350495 | Experimental and theoretical analysis of the interaction of (+/-)-cis-ketoconazole with beta-cyclodextrin in the presence of (+)-L-tartaric acid. | 1H NMR spectroscopy was used for determining the optical purity of cis-ketoconazole enantiomers obtained by fractional crystallization. The chiral analysis was carried out using beta-cyclodextrin in the presence of (+)-L-tartaric acid. The mechanism of the chiral discrimination process, the stability of the complexes f... |
10348915 | Crystal structure of beta-amylase from Bacillus cereus var. mycoides at 2.2 A resolution. | The crystal structure of beta-amylase from Bacillus cereus var. mycoides was determined by the multiple isomorphous replacement method. The structure was refined to a final R-factor of 0.186 for 102,807 independent reflections with F/sigma(F) > or = 2.0 at 2.2 A resolution with root-mean-square deviations from ideality... |
10347028 | Monooxygenase-mediated 1,2-dichloroethane degradation by Pseudomonas sp. strain DCA1. | A bacterial strain, designated Pseudomonas sp. strain DCA1, was isolated from a 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA)-degrading biofilm. Strain DCA1 utilizes DCA as the sole carbon and energy source and does not require additional organic nutrients, such as vitamins, for optimal growth. The affinity of strain DCA1 for DCA is very h... |
10348769 | Cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the entire mec DNA of pre-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N315. | In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the methicillin resistance gene mecA is localized within a large chromosomal region which is absent in the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus chromosome. The region, designated mec DNA, is speculated to have originated from the genome of another bacterial species and becom... |
10348765 | Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptoids. | Peptoids differ from peptides in that peptoids are composed of N-substituted rather than alpha-carbon-substituted glycine units. In this paper we report the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of several antibacterial peptoids discovered by screening combinatorial chemistry libraries for bacterial growth inhi... |
10348748 | A mechanism for the synergistic antimalarial action of atovaquone and proguanil. | A combination of atovaquone and proguanil has been found to be quite effective in treating malaria, with little evidence of the emergence of resistance when atovaquone was used as a single agent. We have examined possible mechanisms for the synergy between these two drugs. While proguanil by itself had no effect on ele... |
10341254 | Presynaptically located CB1 cannabinoid receptors regulate GABA release from axon terminals of specific hippocampal interneurons. | To understand the functional significance and mechanisms of action in the CNS of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids, it is crucial to identify the neural elements that serve as the structural substrate of these actions. We used a recently developed antibody against the CB1 cannabinoid receptor to study this question... |
10338537 | Genetic characterization of wild-type and mutant fur genes of Bordetella avium. | For most, if not all, organisms, iron (Fe) is an essential element. In response to the nutritional requirement for Fe, bacteria evolved complex systems to acquire the element from the environment. The genes encoding these systems are often coordinately regulated in response to the Fe concentration. Recent investigation... |
10338515 | Anthrax toxin entry into polarized epithelial cells. | We examined the entry of anthrax edema toxin (EdTx) into polarized human T84 epithelial cells using cyclic AMP-regulated Cl- secretion as an index of toxin entry. EdTx is a binary A/B toxin which self assembles at the cell surface from anthrax edema factor and protective antigen (PA). PA binds to cell surface receptors... |
10338511 | Effects of cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 and lethal toxin on actin cytoskeleton and VE-cadherin localization in human endothelial cell monolayers. | Integrity of the vascular endothelium is largely dependent on endothelial cell shape and establishment of intercellular junctions. Certain pathogenic bacterial toxins alter the cytoskeletal architecture of intoxicated cells by modulating the GTPase activity of p21 Rho family proteins. In the present study we have analy... |
10338482 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding synthetic peptides derived from serum amyloid P component neutralize LPS. | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major mediator of gram-negative septic shock. Molecules that bind LPS and neutralize its toxic effects could have important clinical applications. We showed that serum amyloid P component (SAP) neutralizes LPS. A SAP-derived peptide, consisting of amino acids 27 to 39, inhibited LPS-medi... |
10338479 | Cross-reactivity between the rheumatoid arthritis-associated motif EQKRAA and structurally related sequences found in Proteus mirabilis. | Cross-reactivity or molecular mimicry may be one of the underlying mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Antiserum against the RA susceptibility sequence EQKRAA was shown to bind to a similar peptide ESRRAL present in the hemolysin of the gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis, an... |
10334581 | Comparison of four 90Sr groundwater analytical methods. | Data are presented for 45 Long Island groundwater samples each measured for 90Sr using four different analytical methods. 90Sr levels were first established by two New York State certified laboratories, one of which used the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Radioactive Strontium in Drinking Water Method 905.0. Thre... |
10325411 | Can G-C Hoogsteen-wobble pairs contribute to the stability of d(G. C-C) triplexes? | Quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics and statistical mechanics methods are used to analyze the importance of neutral Hoogsteen-wobble G.C pairing in the stabilization of triple helices based on the poly-(G.C-C) trio at neutral pH and low ionic strength. In spite of the existence of a single hydrogen bond, the Hoogstee... |
10233923 | Cross-subtype neutralizing antibodies induced in baboons by a subtype E gp120 immunogen based on an R5 primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope. | Global human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) diversity may require engineering vaccines to express antigens representing strains prevalent in the target population of vaccine testing. The majority (90%) of incident infections in Thailand are genetic subtype E, with a small percentage of subtype B infections in th... |
10226501 | Solid phase synthesis and NMR conformational studies on cyclic decapeptide template molecule. | Selectively addressable topological templates represent a key feature in the de novo design of proteins using the TASP concept (Template Assembled Synthetic Proteins). The regioselectively addressable (orthogonally protected) lysine-containing cyclic templates are especially interesting for combinatorial chemistry. We ... |
38239816 | 1,3-Dialkylxanthine Derivatives Having High Potency as Antagonists at Human A<sub>2B</sub> Adenosine Receptors. | The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of alkylxanthine derivatives as antagonists at the recombinant human adenosine receptors were explored in order to identify selective antagonists of A<sub>2B</sub> receptors. The effects of lengthening alkyl substituents from methyl to butyl at 1- and 3-positions and additiona... |
29711742 | Spacer Control of Directionality in Supramolecular Helicates Using an Inexpensive Approach. | Careful selection of the spacer group used to separate the metal-binding domains allows control of the directionality in a helix; self-assembly leads uniquely to a double-helical cation with a head-to-tail (HT) configuration (shown schematically) in both the solid state and solution. |
29711740 | Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Dodecanuclear Twisted-Ring Iron(III) Cluster. | An unprecedented nonplanar structure characterizes the complex [Fe(OCH<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> (dbm)]<sub>12</sub> (on the left in the picture), which contains the largest cyclic ferric cluster yet reported with chemically equivalent bridging units. It is made up of twelve high-spin, antiferromagnetically coupled iro... |
29711739 | A New Co<sup>II</sup> Complex as a Bulge-Specific Probe for DNA. | Bulge cleavage of two or three bases occurs when a DNA substrate is specifically cleaved oxidatively by [Co<sup>II</sup> (tfa)<sub>2</sub> (happ)] (see picture). Hydrogen peroxide is necessary for the activation of this octahedral complex, which suggests that hydroxyl radicals are the reactive species. The complex has ... |
29711738 | New Tripodal, "Supercharged" Analogues of Adenosine Nucleotides: Inhibitors for the Fhit Ap<sub>3</sub> A Hydrolase. | Methanetrisphosphonic acids provide a branch point for synthetic nucleotide analogues which can be exploited either to generate novel tripodal nucleotides or to incorporate additional negative charge into linear analogues relative to the parent nucleotide, as exemplified in the picture for ATP and diadenosine tetraphos... |
29711735 | Exploiting Incommensurate Symmetry Numbers: Rational Design and Assembly of M<sub>2</sub> M<sub>3</sub> 'L<sub>6</sub> Supramolecular Clusters with C<sub>3h</sub> Symmetry. | Mixed-metal mesocates [M<sub>2</sub> Pd<sub>3</sub> Br<sub>6</sub> L<sub>6</sub> ]<sup>4-</sup> (M=Ti<sup>IV</sup> , Sn<sup>IV</sup> ; L=4-diphenylphosphanyl-catecholate) have been synthesized, in which the two incommensurate symmetry elements generated by the different metal ions are linked by a rigid, bifunctional li... |
29711719 | The Vancomycin Group of Antibiotics and the Fight against Resistant Bacteria. | A last line of defence against "superbugs" are the vancomycin group antibiotics. This review describes the determination of their mode of action, and a mechanism of resistance to them. Remarkably, this mechanism of resistance can be overcome without directly modifying the binding site of the antibiotics for the cell-wa... |
29711718 | Imprint Coating: A Novel Synthesis of Selective Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Sorbents. | Molecular imprinting of surfaces of mesoporous sorbents is a novel method for introducing template-selective recognition sites. This method makes use of the unique surface environment of hexagonally packed mesopore surfaces of selected pore sizes (see the schematic representation) and coats such surfaces with functiona... |
29711594 | Tetrathiafulvalene Belts with Large Cavities. | The latest member of the cyclophane family, the macrotricyclic tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) "belt", is now available. A general synthetic strategy for the construction of tetraconnected belt-type TTFs (shown schematically) has been developed, made possible by the use of a TTF with two different protecting groups. In the so... |
29711593 | Topological Links between Duplex DNA and a Circular DNA Single Strand. | DNA nanostructures of building blocks topologically linked at a precise position can be assembled from DNA duplexes and circularized oligonucleotides with the aid of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). Shown schematically is a linked catenane yielding an earring topological DNA label. |
29711592 | Ni(tpt)(NO<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> -A Three-Dimensional Network with the Exceptional (12,3) Topology: A Self-Entangled Single Net. | The shortest circuits in the three-dimensional network with (12,3) topology of solvated Ni(tpt)(NO<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> pass through one another (see picture). This network based upon interlinked double helices occupies a unique position in the set of (n,3) nets. tpt=tri-4-pyridyl-1,3,5-triazine. |
29711578 | Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Recognition between Lewis<sup>X</sup> Glycoconjugates. | The strong dependence of the NOE on the molecular mobility rendered the weak bond of a homotypical carbohydrate-carbohydrate recognition detectable in a simplified model system. The membrane-bound Le<sup>X</sup> trisaccharide 1, which functions as a receptor, transiently binds the dissolved Le<sup>X</sup> trisaccharide... |
29711576 | Light Harvesting and Energy Transfer in Novel Convergently Constructed Dendrimers. | By the attachment of interacting laser dyes to the chain ends and focal point of a dendritic macromolecule it is possible to funnel energy harvested by the large peripheral antenna of the dendrimer (see picture on the left) efficiently and directly to the central fluorescent core (picture in the middle) by a process th... |
29711569 | Efficient Intermolecular Charge Transport in Self-Assembled Fibers of Mono- and Bithiophene Bisurea Compounds. | Hydrogen bonds between urea units allow self-organization of π systems in mono- and bithiophenes into fibers as shown schematically. In these fibers there is a surprisingly high mobility of charge carriers as determined by pulse-radiolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements. |
29711568 | The First Direct Synthesis of Corroles from Pyrrole. | The solvent-free, catalyst-free condensation of pyrrole and aldehydes provides an extremely facile synthetic pathway to novel corroles [Eq. (1); Ar=C<sub>6</sub> F<sub>5</sub> , 2,6-F<sub>2</sub> C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>3</sub> , 2,6-Cl<sub>2</sub> C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>3</sub> ]. The product containing pentafluorophenyl gro... |
29711566 | Self-Assembly of a Molecular Floral Lace with One-Dimensional Channels and Inclusion of Glucose. | A three-dimensional network with one-dimensional channels (see picture) has been self-assembled from the nickel(II) complex of cyclam and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate in water through hydrogen-bond formation. The channels have an appropriate diameter (10.3 Å) to include D-glucose with a formation constant of K<sub>f</su... |
21662824 | Separation and purification of methadone enantiomers by continuous- and interval-flow electrophoresis. | Continuous- or free-flow electrophoresis is based upon a thin film of fluid flowing between two parallel plates. The electrolytes and the sample are continuously admitted at one end of the electrophoresis chamber and are fractionated by an array of outlet tubes at the other. Using the Octopus apparatus in a horizontal ... |
21662814 | Quantitative estimation of the bitter taste intensity of oxyphenonium bromide reduced by cyclodextrins from electromotive force measurements. | The bitter taste of oxyphenonium bromide, an antiacetylcholine drug, is suppressed by cyclodextrins. The extent of the suppression can be predicted from the electromotive force measurements with an oxyphenonium bromide-selective electrode. The relationship between the bitter taste intensity and the electromotive force ... |
18967558 | A new construction for a potentiometric, enantioselective membrane electrode--its utilization to the S-captopril assay. | A novel potentiometric, enantioselective membrane electrode based on graphite paste (graphite powder and paraffin oil) has been constructed. The graphite paste is impregnated with 2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (as chloride salt) solution, 10(-3) mol l(-1). The potentiometric, enantioselective mem... |
16155847 | Sch-27899 (Schering-Plough Corp). | Sch27899 (Ziracin) is an oligosaccharide antibiotic under development by Schering-Plough as a potential treatment for Gram-positive bacterial infection, including vancomycin- and methicillin-resistant bacteria. It is being evaluated in phase III clinical trials. Sch-27899 is a member of the naturally occurring class of... |
10330474 | Plastid translation is required for the expression of nuclear photosynthesis genes in the dark and in roots of the pea lip1 mutant | The expression of nuclear photosynthesis genes in pea seedlings requires both light and a postulated signal produced by developing plastids. The requirement for the plastid signal for the accumulation of transcripts of Lhcb1, RbcS, PetE, and AtpC genes was investigated in the pea mutant lip1, which shows light-independ... |
10222097 | Thermodynamics and Structural Studies of the Interaction of Polymyxin B with Deep Rough Mutant Lipopolysaccharides. | Deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharide (ReLPS) dissolved in aqueous solution spontaneously forms supramolecular structures which mainly consist of vesicles. Addition of Polymyxin B (PmB) to these ReLPS vesicles influence the shape of these structures as demonstrated here by electronmicroscopy and dynamic light scattering... |
10191003 | Self-Assembled Supramolecular Micellar Structures Based on Non-ionic Surfactants and Cyclodextrins. | The complexation between non-ionic polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based surfactants (Triton X-45, Triton X-100, polyethylene glycol-1000-monostearate, and Brij 35) and cyclodextrins is studied. It is shown that the addition of surfactant solutions to the aqueous solution of alpha, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins affords poorl... |
11674490 | Molecular Recognition Studies on Supramolecular Systems. 22. Size, Shape, and Chiral Recognition of Aliphatic Alcohols by Organoselenium-Modified Cyclodextrins. | A novel cyclodextrin derivative, mono[6-(p-methoxyphenylseleno)-6-deoxy]-beta-cyclodextrin (2), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and mass, FT-IR, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The stability constants (K(S)) of the inclusion complexation of 2 and mono[6-(p-tolylseleno)-6-deoxy]-beta-cyclodextrin... |
11674489 | Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Tyrosinophanes, a Novel Family of Aromatic-Bridged Tyrosine-Based Cyclodepsipeptides. | A simple two-step design strategy has been developed for the synthesis of a large variety of a new class of tyrosine-based aromatic (Ph or Pyr) bridged cyclodepsipeptides (tyrosinophanes). The design is flexible with respect to the size of the ring and the nature of the bridging unit and permits the incorporation of a ... |
11674484 | Self-Assembling Calix[4]arene [2]Catenanes. Preorganization, Conformation, Selectivity, and Efficiency. | A novel class of preorganized U-shape calix[4]arene clefts, dicationic salts 3a,c,e.2Cl, 3b.2PF(6)(), and 3f.2Br, consisting of one cone calix[4]arene and two bipyridine residues being linked by an aliphatic chain, have been designed and synthesized as precursors for self-assembly of calix[4]arene [2]catenanes by utili... |
11674473 | Synthesis and Reactions of Calix[4]arene Bisanhydrides(1). | The tetrabenzyl ether, tetra-p-bromobenzenesulfonate, and tetra-p-methylbenzenesulfonate of p-carboxymethylcalix[4]arene in the 1,3-alternate conformation have been converted to the corresponding bisanhydrides. Reactions of the bisanhydrides with alcohols or amines afford calix[4]arenes carrying two carboxymethyl and t... |
12549113 | [Retention behavior of solutes on liquid chromatographic column packed with dynamically modified zirconia]. | Zirconia was dynamically modified with stearic acid, beta-cyclodextrin and sodium dodecylsulfonate, separately, to form liquid chromatographic packings. The chromatographic behaviors of aromatic hydrocarbons, acidic compounds (phenol, nitrophenols and benzoic acids) and basic compounds (aniline, nitroanilines and tolui... |
12575080 | [Study on the inclusion effect of menthol with beta-cyclodextrin]. | Indusion effect of beta-CD with menthol was studied by three methods of preparation. Determination of physical constants and quantitative analysis proved that the inclusion compounds of beta-CD with menthol were formed, which was found to be 1:1 and 2:3. The results of thermal analysis demmonstrated that the gasifiatio... |
10559860 | Nucleotide-dependent conformational changes in dynamin: evidence for a mechanochemical molecular spring. | The GTPase dynamin plays an essential part in endocytosis by catalysing the fission of nascent clathrin-coated vesicles from the plasma membrane. Using preformed phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-containing lipid nanotubes as a membrane template for dynamin self-assembly, we investigate the conformational changes t... |
10505120 | Activated polyamidoamine dendrimers, a non-viral vector for gene transfer to the corneal endothelium. | We investigated the efficiency of activated polyamidoamine dendrimers, a new class of nonviral vectors, to transfect rabbit and human corneas in ex vivo culture. In addition to assessing the expression of a marker gene we have demonstrated that this approach can be used to induce the production of TNF receptor fusion p... |
10480571 | Sanglifehrins A, B, C and D, novel cyclophilin-binding compounds isolated from Streptomyces sp. A92-308110. II. Structure elucidation, stereochemistry and physico-chemical properties. | A novel class of macrolides, the sanglifehrins, was discovered by screening of actinomycete strains with a cyclophilin-binding assay. The chemical structures and absolute stereochemistries of the sanglifehrins A, B, C and D were determined unambiguously by NMR-techniques and by X-ray crystallography of the complex with... |
10431477 | A comparative study of the antimycotic activity of a miconazole HP-beta cyclodextrin solution and a surfactant solution. | The antimycotic activity of a new parenteral solution containing miconazole was compared to that of a marketed solution (Daktarin IV solution). This solution has been withdrawn from the belgian market probably because of the toxic effects related to the presence of polyoxyl 35 castor oil. We propose a new formulation c... |
10424344 | Solid-phase total synthesis of polymyxin B1. | The total solid-phase synthesis of polymyxin B1 (PMB1) has been achieved in 20% yield using the orthogonal protecting group N-1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl-(Dde). This report demonstrates that a complex peptide macrocycle can be synthesized in high yields using solid-phase synthesis. According to MS an... |
10418745 | A new liquid homogeneous assay for the determination of HDL-cholesterol. A comparison to precipitation with phosphotungstic acid/MgCl2 and a lyophilized homogeneous assay. | We evaluated a new ready to use liquid assay for the homogeneous determination of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) in comparison to phosphotungstic acid precipitation and a homogeneous assay, based on sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol-modified enzymes (Roche Diagnostics/Boehringer Ma... |
10412573 | Regulatory roles of microtubule-associated proteins in neuronal morphogenesis. Involvement of the extracellular matrix. | As a result of recent investigations, the cytoskeleton can be viewed as a cytoplasmic system of interconnected filaments with three major integrative levels: self-assembling macromolecules, filamentous polymers, e.g., microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin filaments, and supramolecular structures formed by bund... |
10412157 | [Splanchnic hypoperfusion and distant organ injury]. | Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure (MOF) are the most common causes of death in surgical intensive care units. A variety of stimuli, such as major surgery, trauma, shock, thermal injury, acute pancreatitis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury, initiate a systemic inflammatory response tha... |
10406211 | Separation of eleven central nervous system drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis. | Several strategies to improve the separation of 11 central nervous system drugs (antipsychotics and antidepressants) with capillary zone electrophoresis were applied: the variation of the pH of the buffering background electrolyte, its ionic strength, addition of inclusion-complex forming beta-cyclodextrin or polyvinyl... |
10399852 | Cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors for direct gas chromatographic separation of enantiomers in the essential oil, aroma and flavour fields. | This article reviews papers published over the period 1995-1998 dealing with the application of cyclodextrin derivatives (CDs) as chiral selector for direct enantiomer GC separation of volatile optically active components in the essential oil, extract, flavour and aroma fields. For each application, the racemate analys... |
10398410 | The use of biosensor technology for the engineering of antibodies and enzymes. | Recently developed scientific instrumentation featuring surface plasmon resonance detection allows the detection of biomolecular interactions in real time and without chemical modification of the binding partners. These biosensors are proving invaluable tools in protein engineering, particularly in research aimed at th... |
10398409 | Identification of peptide mimotopes for the fluorescein hapten binding of monoclonal antibody B13-DE1. | Using 6mer and 12mer phage peptide libraries three unique phage clones were identified which specifically bind to a monoclonal anti-FITC antibody, B13-DE1. The two 6mer and one 12mer peptide insert sequences are clearly related to each other and contain a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids. The peptides are bou... |
10398408 | Prediction of the binding energy for small molecules, peptides and proteins. | A fast and reliable evaluation of the binding energy from a single conformation of a molecular complex is an important practical task. Knowledge-based scoring schemes may not be sufficiently general and transferable, while molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo calculations with explicit solvent are too computationally expe... |
10398407 | Recognition of defined epitopes by affinity-purified anti-immunoglobulin fab autoantibodies isolated from HIV-infected humans. | Infection of humans with HIV-1 has previously been independently shown to result in the generation of autoantibodies (AAbs) reactive with immunoglobulin Fab fragments (Heidelberg), and with autoantibodies to T-cell receptors (TCRs) (Tucson). Here, we carry out epitope mapping studies of affinity-purified AAbs to Fab fr... |
10398406 | Characterization of protein-glycolipid recognition at the membrane bilayer. | A growing number of important molecular recognition events are being shown to involve the interactions between proteins and glycolipids. Glycolipids are molecules in which one or more monosaccharides are glycosidically linked to a lipid moiety. The lipid moiety is generally buried in the cell membrane or other bilayer,... |
10400323 | Reversal of optical induction in transamination by regioisomeric bifunctionalized cyclodextrins. | Two isomeric compounds have been synthesized carrying a pyridoxamine on C-6 of beta-cyclodextrin and an imidazole unit on C-6 of the neighboring glucose residue. Each one stereoselectively transaminates phenylpyruvic acid to produce phenylalanine, and with opposite stereochemical preferences. Structure determinations b... |
10408835 | Mismatch repair deficiency is associated with resistance to DNA minor groove alkylating agents. | Mismatch DNA repair deficiency is associated with resistance to certain major groove alkylating agents including methylating agents and cisplatin. We have now studied the relevance of mismatch repair alterations to the cytotoxicity induced by drugs which alkylate N3 adenines in the minor groove of DNA. We have used the... |
10379362 | Uteroglobin: a novel cytokine? | Blastokinin or uteroglobin (UG) is a steroid-inducible, evolutionarily conserved, multifunctional protein secreted by the mucosal epithelial of virtually all mammals. It is present in the blood and in other body fluids including urine. An antigen immunoreactive to UG antibody is also detectable in the mucosal epithelia... |
10379361 | Immune responses to DNA vaccines. | DNA vaccines, based on plasmid vectors expressing an antigen under the control of a strong promoter, have been shown to induce protective immune responses to a number of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. They have also displayed efficacy in treatment or prevention of cancer, allergic diseases and au... |
10379652 | Separation and sensing based on molecular recognition using molecularly imprinted polymers. | Molecular recognition-based separation and sensing systems have received much attention in various fields because of their high selectivity for target molecules. Molecular imprinting has been recognized as a promising technique for the development of such systems, where the molecule to be recognized is added to a react... |
10375175 | Rectal absorption of [Bis (acetato) ammine dichloro (cyclohexylamine) platinum(IV)] (BMS-182751), a new anti-tumor agent, in rats. | The rectal absorption of a platinum anti-tumor agent, [bis (acetato) ammine dichloro (cyclohexylamine) platinum(IV)] (BMS-182751), was investigated in rats. BMS-182751 was co-ground with various carriers to improve its poor aqueous solubility. The highest drug dissolution was observed for the co-ground mixture of BMS-1... |
10363904 | Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers. Part II. | Recent progress in peptide and glycopeptide chemistry make the preparation of peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers of acceptable purity, with designed structural and immunochemical properties reliable. New methodologies using unprotected peptide building blocks have been developed to further increase the possibilities o... |
10361504 | Symmetry breaking during the formation of beta-cyclodextrin-imidazole inclusion compounds: capillary electrophoresis study. | A mathematical model was developed for the estimation of binding constants by capillary electrophoresis. The effective electrophoretic mobility in a solute mixture is dependent on the cyclodextrin concentration in the background electrolyte (BGE) as well as the stoichiometry and the binding constant of the guest-cyclod... |
10360579 | Structure of the small G protein Cdc42 bound to the GTPase-binding domain of ACK. | The proteins Cdc42 and Rac are members of the Rho family of small GTPases (G proteins), which control signal-transduction pathways that lead to rearrangements of the cell cytoskeleton, cell differentiation and cell proliferation. They do so by binding to downstream effector proteins. Some of these, known as CRIB (for C... |
10360576 | Clathrin self-assembly is mediated by a tandemly repeated superhelix. | Clathrin is a triskelion-shaped cytoplasmic protein that polymerizes into a polyhedral lattice on intracellular membranes to form protein-coated membrane vesicles. Lattice formation induces the sorting of membrane proteins during endocytosis and organelle biogenesis by interacting with membrane-associated adaptor molec... |
10352018 | Arp2/3 complex and actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin in dendritic organization and treadmilling of actin filament array in lamellipodia. | The leading edge (approximately 1 microgram) of lamellipodia in Xenopus laevis keratocytes and fibroblasts was shown to have an extensively branched organization of actin filaments, which we term the dendritic brush. Pointed ends of individual filaments were located at Y-junctions, where the Arp2/3 complex was also loc... |
10359079 | Mutation of the N-terminal proline 9 of BLMA from Streptomyces verticillus abolishes the binding affinity for bleomycin. | A gene, blmA, from bleomycin (Bm)-producing Streptomyces verticillus, encodes a Bm-binding protein, designated BLMA. The expression of BLMA conferred resistance to Bm in the Escherichia coli host, whereas a mutant protein, designated Pro-9/Leu, with the N-terminal proline 9 residue in BLMA replaced by leucine, did not.... |
10353046 | Analysis of illicit ecstasy tablets: implications for clinical management in the accident and emergency department. | <h4>Objective</h4>To examine the composition of illicitly manufactured "ecstasy" tablets sold on the UK drugs market.<h4>Methods</h4>Analysis by gas chromatography of 25 illicit ecstasy tablets handed in under amnesty to Leeds Addiction Unit.<h4>Results</h4>Illicitly manufactured ecstasy tablets contain a range of ingr... |
10353038 | Multiple organ failure. How valid is the "two hit" model? | Inflammatory "one hit" and "two hit" models have recently been proposed to account for the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) in trauma and critically ill surgical patients when no source of infection can be found. In the "one hit" model, the initial insult is so massive that a systemic inflammatory response s... |
10346879 | A synthetic cysteine oxidase based on a ferrocene-cyclodextrin conjugate. | We report a novel synthetic cysteine oxidase consisting of a ferrocene-beta-cyclodextrin conjugate in which the ferrocene moiety is bound to the secondary hydroxyl side of the cyclodextrin cavity through an ethylenediamine linker. Cysteine oxidation occurs after the ferrocene group is electrochemically oxidized to the ... |
10346878 | NMR studies of the metal-loading kinetics and acid-base chemistry of DOTA and butylamide-DOTA. | The conjugation of a chelating agent to a protein via a covalent linkage has been previously reported to change the metal-binding characteristics of the chelator. A fundamental understanding of these binding changes would enable design of a new generation of metal-chelating agents for biological applications. To assess... |
10346859 | Molecular chaperone-like activity of hydrogel nanoparticles of hydrophobized pullulan: thermal stabilization with refolding of carbonic anhydrase B. | We have been studying the formation of hydrogel nanoparticles by the self-aggregation of hydrophobized polysaccharide and the effective complexation between these nanoparticles as a host and various globular soluble proteins as a guest. This paper describes a new finding that refolding of the heat-denatured enzyme effe... |
10346892 | Molecular recognition between a new pentacyclic acridinium salt and DNA sequences investigated by optical spectroscopic techniques, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. | A pentacyclic acridine, 1H-2,3-dihydroindolizino[7,6,5-kl]acridinium chloride (1), related in structure to tetra- and pentacyclic marine natural products, has previously been shown to induce apoptosis in breast and non-small-cell lung tumor cell lines and shows significant differences in biological potency and antitumo... |
10350014 | A central composite design to investigate the thermal stabilization of lysozyme. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The formulation and processing of protein drugs requires the stabilization of the native, biologically active structure. Our aim was to investigate the thermal stability of a model protein, lysozyme, in the presence of two model excipients, sucrose and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD).<h4>Me... |
10350012 | Interaction of naproxen with alpha-cyclodextrin and its noncyclic analog maltohexaose. | <h4>Purpose</h4>To study the effect of mechanical grinding on crystallinity changes of naproxen (NAP) in mixtures with alpha-cyclodextrin (alphaCd), amorphous alphaCd, and maltohexaose (M6); and the possible formation of a pseudo-inclusion complex between NAP and M6 in aqueous solution.<h4>Methods</h4>NAP-additive phys... |
10329099 | Posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph primes circulating neutrophils and provokes lung injury. | Mesenteric lymph has recently been invoked as an avenue for gut-derived factors that may result in distant organ injury following hemorrhagic shock. We demonstrate that posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph primes neutrophils (PMNs) and causes lung injury. Methods. Mesenteric lymph was collected from Sprague-Dawley ra... |
10339610 | Heme transfer to the heme chaperone CcmE during cytochrome c maturation requires the CcmC protein, which may function independently of the ABC-transporter CcmAB. | Cytochrome c maturation in Escherichia coli requires the ccm operon, which encodes eight membrane proteins (CcmABCDEFGH). CcmE is a periplasmic heme chaperone that binds heme covalently and transfers it onto apocytochrome c in the presence of CcmF, CcmG, and CcmH. In this work we addressed the functions of the ccmABCD ... |
10339566 | Spc29p is a component of the Spc110p subcomplex and is essential for spindle pole body duplication. | In yeast, microtubules are organized by the spindle pole body (SPB). The SPB is a disk-like multilayered structure that is embedded in the nuclear envelope via its central plaque, whereas the outer and inner plaques are exposed to the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, respectively. How the SPB assembles is poorly understood. ... |
10339560 | Thermodynamic basis of the enhanced specificity of structured DNA probes. | Molecular beacons are DNA probes that form a stem-and-loop structure and possess an internally quenched fluorophore. When they bind to complementary nucleic acids, they undergo a conformational transition that switches on their fluorescence. These probes recognize their targets with higher specificity than probes that ... |
10339556 | Magnesium-dependent folding of self-splicing RNA: exploring the link between cooperativity, thermodynamics, and kinetics. | Folding of the Tetrahymena self-splicing RNA into its active conformation involves a set of discrete intermediate states. The Mg2+-dependent equilibrium transition from the intermediates to the native structure is more cooperative than the formation of the intermediates from the unfolded states. We show that the degree... |
10340614 | Macrocyclic hydroxamate inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases and TNF-alpha production. | Several macrocyclic, hydroxamate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. These macrocycles are anti-succinate based inhibitors linked from P1 to P2'. A variety of functionality was installed at the P1-P2' linka... |
10338021 | From fold predictions to function predictions: automation of functional site conservation analysis for functional genome predictions. | A database of functional sites for proteins with known structures, SITE, is constructed and used in conjunction with a simple pattern matching program SiteMatch to evaluate possible function conservation in a recently constructed database of fold predictions for Escherichia coli proteins (Rychlewski L et al., 1999, Pro... |
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