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11100852 | Allylamine-beta-cyclodextrin copolymer. A novel chiral selector for capillary electrophoresis. | A novel, positively charged, copolymer of allylamine and 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyl-beta-cyclodextrin was synthesized to be used as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. In the copolymer, cyclodextrin molecules are spaced from the backbone though a spacer arm which prevents sterical hindrance of the CD cavity. ... |
11099176 | pH-sensitive liposomes as a carrier for oligonucleotides: a physico-chemical study of the interaction between DOPE and a 15-mer oligonucleotide in excess water. | The cytoplasmic delivery of drugs encapsulated into pH-sensitive liposomes is under the control of a lamellar-to-hexagonal transition. In a previous study, under anhydrous conditions, oligonucleotides (ODN) encapsulated in pH-sensitive liposomes composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)/oleic acid (OA)/choles... |
11093722 | Correlation of the solubility of several aromatics and terpenes in aqueous hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin with steric and hydrophobicity parameters. | The solubility isotherms of nineteen aromatics and terpenes in aqueous hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin were determined to be straight lines. This is explained by the host-guest complexation which is characteristic for the whole class of cyclodextrins and derivatives. The slopes of the solubility isotherms correlate wit... |
11093714 | Selective oxidation of primary alcohol groups of beta-cyclodextrin mediated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO). | Beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) was reacted with catalytic amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO), sodium hypochlorite and sodium bromide at 2 degrees C and a pH value of 10 in water. The primary alcohol groups were selectively oxidized into carboxylate groups within a few minutes, and mono- and di... |
11093706 | Enzyme modification of starch granules: formation and retention of cyclomaltodextrins inside starch granules by reaction of cyclomaltodextrin glucanosyltransferase with solid granules. | Cyclomaltodextrin glucanosyltransferase (CGTase) was adsorbed into starch granules and allowed to react at 37 degrees C. The reaction was conducted with the granules removed from an aqueous environment, but containing 50% w/w water inside the granule. Reaction for 20 h gave a maximum of 1.4%, w/w of cyclodextrins (CDs)... |
11092454 | Gene structure and function of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family. | 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase was among the first interferon-induced antiviral enzymes to be discovered. This family of enzymes plays an important role in the mechanisms of action of interferon antiviral activity, but is also involved in other cellular processes such as apoptosis and growth control. We have reviewed ... |
11092453 | Regulation of receptor function by cholesterol. | Cholesterol influences many of the biophysical properties of membranes and is nonrandomly distributed between cellular organelles, subdomains of membranes, and leaflets of the membrane bilayer. In combination with the high dynamics of cholesterol distribution, this offers many possibilities for regulation of membrane-e... |
11092445 | The role of glycosylation in ionotropic glutamate receptor ligand binding, function, and trafficking. | Members of the ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) family have between 4 and 12 consensus asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation sites. They are localized on the extracellular N-termini, and the loop between the penultimate and last transmembrane domains. These regions also contain the essential elements for formation o... |
11086690 | Purification and characterisation of a malto-oligosaccharide-forming amylase active at high pH from Bacillus clausii BT-21. | Bacillus clausii BT-21 produced an extracellular malto-oligosaccharide-forming amylase active at high pH when grown on starch substrates. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by affinity and anion-exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electropho... |
11086686 | Two-step enzymatic synthesis of maltooligosaccharide esters. | Glucose and maltose esters were synthesised in organic media by employing a lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) from Candida antarctica. In a second reaction step, a transglycosylation catalysed by a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (E.C. 2.4.1.19) from either Paenibacillus sp. F8 or Bacillus sp. strain no. 169 (DSM 2518) extended t... |
11085648 | Modulation of the chemical and biological properties of trans platinum complexes: monofunctional platinum complexes containing one nucleobase as potential antiviral chemotypes. | Replacement of one of the chloride leaving groups in trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(L)] by the nucleobase 9-ethylguanine gives the nucleobase cations [SP-4-2]-[PtCl(9-ethylguanine)(NH3)(L)]+ (L = NH3, 1; L = quinoline, 3), which are models for the monofunctional adduct on DNA. Displacement of Cl- in 1 and 3 by either 5'-guanosine m... |
11083478 | Supramolecular structure and nuclear targeting efficiency determine the enhancement of transfection by modified polylysines. | Polylysine (pLy) has been used as a DNA carrier in nonviral gene delivery systems because it forms complexes with plasmid DNA via charge interaction, and condenses it into a compact structure. We have recently shown that cross-linking nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) to pLy can enhance transfection by conferring s... |
11070539 | Continuous free flow electrophoresis for preparative chiral separations of piperoxan using sulfated beta-cyclodextrin. | Continuous free flow electrophoresis was investigated as a tool for the preparative chiral separation of piperoxan using a sulfated cyclodextrin chiral additive. In the absence of chiral additive, the sample stream was deflected cathodically. However, the presence of sulfated cyclodextrin in the run buffer caused anodi... |
11067777 | Pharmaceutical excipient development: the need for preclinical guidance. | Pharmaceutical excipients have a vital role in drug formulations, a role that has tended to be neglected as evidenced by the lack of mechanisms to assess excipient safety outside a new drug application process. Currently, it is assumed that an excipient is "approved" when the new drug formulation, of which it is a cons... |
10938082 | Scavenger receptor BI transfers major lipoprotein-associated phospholipids into the cells. | The phospholipids of lipoproteins can be transferred to cells by an endocytosis-independent uptake pathway. We analyzed the role of scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) for the selective cellular phospholipid import. Human monocytes rapidly acquired the pyrene (py)-labeled phospholipids sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine... |
11013222 | Targeting the chromatin-remodeling MSL complex of Drosophila to its sites of action on the X chromosome requires both acetyl transferase and ATPase activities. | Dosage compensation in Drosophila is mediated by a multiprotein, RNA-containing complex that associates with the X chromosome at multiple sites. We have investigated the role that the enzymatic activities of two complex components, the histone acetyltransferase activity of MOF and the ATPase activity of MLE, may have i... |
11058773 | Beyond the superfamily: the lipocalin receptors. | Lipocalins are characterized by multiple molecular recognition properties including the ability to bind to cell surface receptors. Receptors for a number of lipocalins have been identified. These include receptors for alpha-1-microglobulin, insecticyanin, glycodelin, retinol-binding protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, ... |
11052807 | [GdPCP2A(H(2)O)(2)](-): a paramagnetic contrast agent designed for improved applications in magnetic resonance imaging. | A novel ligand based on a pyridine-containing macrocycle bearing two acetic and one methylenephosphonic arms (PCP2A) has been synthesized. An efficient synthesis of PCP2A is based on the macrocyclization reaction between 2,6-bis(chloromethyl)pyridine and a 1,4, 7-triazaheptane derivative bearing a methylenephosphonate ... |
11052074 | Functionalized carbosilane dendritic species as soluble supports in organic synthesis. | A new methodology, which is compatible with the use of reactive organometallic reagents, has been developed for the use of carbosilane dendrimers as soluble supports in organic synthesis. Hydroxy-functionalized dendritic carbosilanes Si[CH2CH2CH2SiMe2(C6H4CH(R)OH)]4 (G0-OH, R = H or (S)-Me) and Si[CH2CH2CH2Si[CH2CH2CH2... |
11050425 | TROSY and CRINEPT: NMR with large molecular and supramolecular structures in solution. | TROSY and CRINEPT are new techniques for solution NMR studies of molecular and supramolecular structures. They allow the collection of high-resolution spectra of structures with molecular weights >100 kDa, significantly extending the range of macromolecular systems that can be studied by NMR in solution. TROSY has alre... |
11035793 | X-ray crystal structure of an anti-Buckminsterfullerene antibody fab fragment: biomolecular recognition of C(60). | We have prepared a monoclonal Buckminsterfullerene specific antibody and report the sequences of its light and heavy chains. We also show, by x-ray crystallographic analysis of the Fab fragment and by model building, that the fullerene binding site is formed by the interface of the antibody light and heavy chains. Shap... |
11027298 | Allosteric, chiral-selective drug binding to DNA. | The binding interactions of (-)-daunorubicin (WP900), a newly synthesized enantiomer of the anticancer drug (+)-daunorubicin, with right- and left-handed DNA, have been studied quantitatively by equilibrium dialysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. (+)-Daunorubicin binds selectively to right-handed D... |
11050228 | A single amino acid substitution (F363I) converts the regiochemistry of the spearmint (-)-limonene hydroxylase from a C6- to a C3-hydroxylase. | The essential oils of peppermint and spearmint are distinguished by the position of oxygenation on the constituent p-menthane monoterpenes. Peppermint produces monoterpenes bearing an oxygen at C3, whereas spearmint produces monoterpenes bearing an oxygen at C6. Branching of the monoterpene biosynthetic pathways in the... |
11049104 | Decreased organ failure in patients with severe SIRS and septic shock treated with the platelet-activating factor antagonist TCV-309: a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized phase II trial. TCV-309 Septic Shock Study Group. | Sepsis and organ failure remain the main cause of death on the ICU. Sepsis is characterized by a severe inflammatory response, in which platelet-activating factor (PAF) is considered to play an important role. This study investigated whether treatment with the PAF-antagonist TCV-309 reduces morbidity and mortality in p... |
11048780 | Enantioselective assay of chloroquine and its main metabolite deethyl chloroquine in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis. | A sensitive assay for the determination of chloroquine (Clq) and its pharmacologically active metabolite deethyl chloroquine in plasma by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is developed. Plasma levels of drug and metabolite are measured using HeCd laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection over a range of three orders of m... |
11048713 | Interconversion of single and double helices formed from synthetic molecular strands. | Synthetic single-helical conformations are quite common, but the formation of double helices based on recognition between the two constituent strands is relatively rare. Known examples include duplex formation through base-pair-specific hydrogen bonding and stacking, as found in nucleic acids and their analogues, and p... |
11183772 | The virtuoso of versatility: POU proteins that flex to fit. | During the evolution of eukaryotes, a new structural motif arose by the fusion of genes encoding two different types of DNA-binding domain. The family of transcription factors which contain this domain, the POU proteins, have come to play essential roles not only in the development of highly specialised tissues, such a... |
11045464 | Hydroxylation of nitrated naphthalenes with KO2/crown ether. | Superoxide radical anion (O2*-), generated by KO2/crown ether, is effective for hydroxylation of nitronaphthalenes. When mono- and di-nitronaphthalenes are treated with KO2/crown ehter, hydroxylation results at the electron-deficient site caused by the electron withdrawing effect of the substituted nitro group. Kinetic... |
11041828 | Chemistry and physics of supramolecular magnetic materials. | The building of multidimensional magnetic materials obtained with the molecular precursor [Cu(opba)](2-) is described. The reaction with other paramagnetic species (3d or 4f metal ions, organic radicals) yielded one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and interlocked networks. The magnetic properties of these systems are rev... |
11040117 | Ecotropic murine leukemia virus receptor is physically associated with caveolin and membrane rafts. | We used a Sindbis virus expression system to stably express a chimeric ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV) receptor gene, CAT1, fused to green fluorescent protein (gfp) in BHK cells. The chimeric gene was expressed on the cell surface and functioned as an MLV receptor. Using gfp as an epitope tag, we found that CAT1 ... |
11041887 | The pea light-independent photomorphogenesis1 mutant results from partial duplication of COP1 generating an internal promoter and producing two distinct transcripts. | The pea lip1 (light-independent photomorphogenesis1) mutant shows many of the characteristics of light-grown development when grown in continuous darkness. To investigate the identity of LIP1, cDNAs encoding the pea homolog of COP1, a repressor of photomorphogenesis identified in Arabidopsis, were isolated from wild-ty... |
11041871 | Effect of avidin on channel kinetics of biotinylated gramicidin. | Membrane protein functioning basically depends on the supramolecular structure of the proteins which can be modulated by specific interactions with external ligands. The effect of a water-soluble protein bearing specific binding sites on the kinetics of ionic channels formed by gramicidin A (gA) in planar bilayer lipid... |
11043675 | Chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in rabbit plasma, urine, and vitreous humor using an acetylated beta-cyclodextrin column. | Fluoxetine (Prozac) is a potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used for the treatment of major depression. Both fluoxetine (F) and its demethylated metabolite, norfluoxetine (NF), are racemic. S-Fluoxetine (SF) and S-norfluoxetine (SNF) are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than R-fluoxetine (RF) and... |
11038188 | The transmembrane domain of influenza hemagglutinin exhibits a stringent length requirement to support the hemifusion to fusion transition. | Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored influenza hemagglutinin (GPI-HA) mediates hemifusion, whereas chimeras with foreign transmembrane (TM) domains mediate full fusion. A possible explanation for these observations is that the TM domain must be a critical length in order for HA to promote full fusion. To test this hyp... |
11038183 | Dnm1p GTPase-mediated mitochondrial fission is a multi-step process requiring the novel integral membrane component Fis1p. | Yeast Dnm1p is a soluble, dynamin-related GTPase that assembles on the outer mitochondrial membrane at sites where organelle division occurs. Although these Dnm1p-containing complexes are thought to trigger constriction and fission, little is known about their composition and assembly, and molecules required for their ... |
11038173 | Role of the PI3K regulatory subunit in the control of actin organization and cell migration. | Cell migration represents an important cellular response that utilizes cytoskeletal reorganization as its driving force. Here, we describe a new signaling cascade linking PDGF receptor stimulation to actin rearrangements and cell migration. We demonstrate that PDGF activates Cdc42 and its downstream effector N-WASP to ... |
11038169 | Selective accumulation of raft-associated membrane protein LAT in T cell receptor signaling assemblies. | Activation of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) induces tyrosine phosphorylations that mediate the assembly of signaling protein complexes. Moreover, cholesterol-sphingolipid raft membrane domains have been implicated to play a role in TCR signal transduction. Here, we studied the assembly of TCR with signal transduction p... |
11035089 | Molecular recognition of human CD1b antigen complexes: evidence for a common pattern of interaction with alpha beta TCRs. | Ag-specific T cell recognition is mediated through direct interaction of clonotypic TCRs with complexes formed between Ag-presenting molecules and their bound ligands. Although characterized in substantial detail for class I and class II MHC encoded molecules, the molecular interactions responsible for TCR recognition ... |
11035063 | Arsenite induces apoptosis of murine T lymphocytes through membrane raft-linked signaling for activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase. | Because of its dual roles in acute toxicity and in therapeutic application in cancer treatment, arsenic has recently attracted a renewed attention. In this study, we report NaAsO(2)-induced signal cascades from the cell surface to the nucleus of murine thymic T lymphocytes that involve membrane rafts as an initial sign... |
11033078 | Transdermal delivery of levosimendan. | The aim of this study was to determine if transdermal penetration of levosimendan, a novel positive inotropic drug, could be enhanced and controlled by formulation modifications. Penetration of levosimendan across human epidermis in vitro was determined using abdominal excised skin and diffusion cells. Predicted steady... |
11033423 | Molecules as complex adaptative systems: constrained molecular properties and their biochemical significance. | The first part of the paper describes molecular structure by considering form (geometrical structure), function (observable properties resulting from interaction with a probe) and fluctuation (dynamics). The fluctuation of form and function generates a number of molecular states, whose ensemble delineates a property sp... |
11032825 | Compartmentalization of phage phi29 DNA replication: interaction between the primer terminal protein and the membrane-associated protein p1. | The bacteriophage phi29 replication protein p1 (85 amino acids) is membrane associated in Bacillus subtilis-infected cells. The C-terminal 52 amino acid residues of p1 are sufficient for assembly into protofilament sheet structures. Using chemical cross-linking experiments, we demonstrate here that p1DeltaC43, a C-term... |
11033099 | Infusion of 3alpha,5alpha-THP to the pontine reticular formation attenuates PTZ-induced seizures. | Whether progesterone (P(4)) and its metabolite, 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP) have anti-seizure effects through actions in the pontine reticular formation (PRF) was investigated. Concentrations of P(4) and 3alpha, 5alpha-THP in the PRF were greater in proestrous and hormone-primed rats, that are t... |
11033176 | Heat-induced gelation of globular proteins: part 3. Molecular studies on low pH beta-lactoglobulin gels. | Heat-set gels and aggregates from beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), one of the major globular proteins from milk, have been studied on a molecular distance scale using negative-staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The micro... |
11031030 | New approach to aphidicolin and total asymmetric synthesis of unnatural (11R)-(-)-8-epi-11-hydroxyaphidicolin by tandem transannular Diels-Alder/aldol reactions. | The 8-epiaphidicolane skeleton (3) was formed in one key reaction by highly diastereoselective tandem transannular Diels-Alder (TADA)-aldol reactions from the trans-trans-cis trienic macrocycle (4). The unnatural derivative (11R)-(-)-8-epi-11-hydroxyaphidicolin (2) was thus constructed, and an original solution to the ... |
11029184 | Direct correlation between complex conformation and chiral discrimination upon inclusion of amino acid derivatives by beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins. | A correlation between the conformation and chiral recognition characteristics of a series of modified amino acid complexes with beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins has been determined, using titration microcalorimetry and (1)H NMR techniques. The enantiomeric discrimination (D or L) is found to be dependent on the adoption o... |
11029056 | Phosphorylation-dependent localization of microtubule-associated protein MAP2c to the actin cytoskeleton. | Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is a neuronal phosphoprotein that promotes net microtubule growth and actin cross-linking and bundling in vitro. Little is known about MAP2 regulation or its interaction with the cytoskeleton in vivo. Here we investigate the in vivo function of three specific sites of phosphoryla... |
11029054 | Coiled-coil trigger motifs in the 1B and 2B rod domain segments are required for the stability of keratin intermediate filaments. | Many alpha-helical proteins that form two-chain coiled coils possess a 13-residue trigger motif that seems to be required for the stability of the coiled coil. However, as currently defined, the motif is absent from intermediate filament (IF) protein chains, which nevertheless form segmented two-chain coiled coils. In ... |
11029042 | The Doa4 deubiquitinating enzyme is functionally linked to the vacuolar protein-sorting and endocytic pathways. | The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DOA4 gene encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme that is required for rapid degradation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway substrates. Both genetic and biochemical data suggest that Doa4 acts in this pathway by facilitating ubiquitin recycling from ubiquitinated intermediates targeted to the protea... |
11027653 | Exocytosis in the dissociated pancreatic acinar cells of the guinea pig directly visualized by VEC-DIC microscopy. | To elucidate the detailed process of exocytosis at the highest possible accuracy, we dissociated the pancreatic acinus of the guinea pig and observed zymogen granules under a video-enhanced contrast differential interference contrast (VEC-DIC) microscope. The preparation was thin enough to resolve each zymogen granule ... |
11028230 | The influence of diluent on the release of theophylline from hydrophilic matrix tablets. | The role of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) on the apparent solubility of theophylline was investigated by the solubility method. Binary systems of theophylline and beta-CD were prepared using the dry co-grinding method. Their characterization was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dissolution rate o... |
11028227 | Determination of the stability constants in alkanol/alpha-cyclodextrin mixed system. | The simultaneous determination of the stability constants for inclusion of alkanols with alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) was investigated in a mixed alkanol system using static head-space gas chromatography (SHSGC). The 1:1 stability constants obtained were in fair agreement with those obtained previously using other met... |
11007884 | Huntingtin expression stimulates endosomal-lysosomal activity, endosome tubulation, and autophagy. | An expansion of polyglutamines in the N terminus of huntingtin causes Huntington's disease (HD) and results in the accrual of mutant protein in the nucleus and cytoplasm of affected neurons. How mutant huntingtin causes neurons to die is unclear, but some recent observations suggest that an autophagic process may occur... |
11007875 | Coordinated gating of TRP-dependent channels in rhabdomeral membranes from Drosophila retinas. | Using a newly developed dissociation procedure, we isolated the specialized rhabdomeral membranes from Drosophila retinal photoreceptors. From these membranes, we have recorded spontaneous active currents in excised patch, voltage-clamp recordings. We observed rapid opening events that closely resembled those ascribed ... |
11024177 | DNA binding properties in vivo and target recognition domain sequence alignment analyses of wild-type and mutant RsrI [N6-adenine] DNA methyltransferases. | A genetic selection method, the P22 challenge-phage assay, was used to characterize DNA binding in vivo by the prokaryotic beta class [N:6-adenine] DNA methyltransferase M.RSR:I. M.RSR:I mutants with altered binding affinities in vivo were isolated. Unlike the wild-type enzyme, a catalytically compromised mutant, M.RSR... |
11024176 | Substrate binding in vitro and kinetics of RsrI [N6-adenine] DNA methyltransferase. | RSR:I [N:6-adenine] DNA methyltransferase (M.RSR:I), which recognizes GAATTC and is a member of a restriction-modification system in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, was purified to >95% homogeneity using a simplified procedure involving two ion exchange chromatographic steps. Electrophoretic gel retardation assays with purifi... |
11024175 | Structure of RsrI methyltransferase, a member of the N6-adenine beta class of DNA methyltransferases. | DNA methylation is important in cellular, developmental and disease processes, as well as in bacterial restriction-modification systems. Methylation of DNA at the amino groups of cytosine and adenine is a common mode of protection against restriction endonucleases afforded by the bacterial methyltransferases. The first... |
11024167 | Base excision repair is efficient in cells lacking poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme that is activated by binding to DNA breaks induced by ionizing radiation or through repair of altered bases in DNA by base excision repair. Mice lacking PARP-1 and, in certain cases, the cells derived from these mice exhibit hypersensitivity to ionizing radiati... |
11016973 | Histone H2A-mediated transient cytokine gene delivery induces efficient antitumor responses in murine neuroblastoma. | A major goal of cancer immunotherapy is the induction of a cell-mediated antitumor response in poorly immunogenic malignancies. We tested the hypothesis that this can be achieved by cytokine gene therapy with a novel histone H2A-based transient transfection procedure. This was tested by using cytokine genes encoding fo... |
11005844 | Intracellular delivery of phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates using polyamine carriers. | Phosphoinositide signaling regulates events in endocytosis and exocytosis, vesicular trafficking of proteins, transduction of extracellular signals, remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, regulation of calcium flux, and apoptosis. Obtaining mechanistic insights in living cells is impeded by the membrane impermeability o... |
11005847 | Bacteriocin AS-48, a microbial cyclic polypeptide structurally and functionally related to mammalian NK-lysin. | The solution structure of bacteriocin AS-48, a 70-residue cyclic polypeptide from Enterococcus faecalis, consists of a globular arrangement of five alpha-helices enclosing a compact hydrophobic core. The head-to-tail union lies in the middle of helix 5, a fact that is shown to have a pronounced effect on the stability ... |
11023783 | Ligand-induced conformational change in the minimized insulin receptor. | Within the class of insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, detailed information about the molecular recognition event at the hormone-receptor interface is limited by the absence of suitable co-crystals. We describe the use of a biologically active insulin derivative labeled with the NBD fluorophore (B29NBD-i... |
11025297 | mu-Oxo-bis[(2,3,12,13-tetrabromo-5,10,15, 20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)iron(III)] bis(dichloromethane) solvate. | The precise structure of the title compound, [Fe(2)O(C(44)H(24)Br(4)N(4))(2)].2CH(2)Cl(2), is reported. The Fe-N distances are non-equivalent in pairs because of the asymmetric peripheral substitution; the values are 2.098 A to the brominated rings and 2.041 A to the other two rings. The Fe-O bond distance is 1.7583 (4... |
11023911 | Polar angle as a determinant of amphipathic alpha-helix-lipid interactions: a model peptide study. | Various physicochemical properties play important roles in the membrane activities of amphipathic antimicrobial peptides. To examine the effects of the polar angle, two model peptides, thetap100 and thetap180, with polar angles of 100 degrees and 180 degrees, respectively, were designed, and their interactions with mem... |
11023904 | Crystallization of antimicrobial pores in membranes: magainin and protegrin. | Membrane pores spontaneously formed by antimicrobial peptides in membranes were crystallized for the first time by manipulating the sample hydration and temperature. Neutron diffraction shows that magainins and protegrins form stable pores in fully hydrated fluid membranes. At lower hydration levels or low temperature,... |
11023901 | Interaction of the noncovalent molecular adapter, beta-cyclodextrin, with the staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin pore. | Cyclodextrins act as noncovalent molecular adapters when lodged in the lumen of the alpha-hemolysin (alphaHL) pore. The adapters act as binding sites for channel blockers, thereby offering a basis for the detection of a variety of organic molecules with alphaHL as a biosensor element. To further such studies, it is imp... |
11023889 | Dynamics of the mitochondrial reticulum in live cells using Fourier imaging correlation spectroscopy and digital video microscopy. | We report detailed studies of the dynamics of the mitochondrial reticulum in live cells using two independent experimental techniques: Fourier imaging correlation spectroscopy and digital video fluorescence microscopy. When both methods are used to study the same system, it is possible to directly compare measurements ... |
11023831 | Mechanism of binding of surfactant protein D to influenza A viruses: importance of binding to haemagglutinin to antiviral activity. | Collectins are important in the initial containment of a variety of pathogens, including influenza A virus (IAV). We provide the first systematic evaluation of the oligosaccharide-binding sites for pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) on specific IAV coat glycoproteins and define the relationship between this binding ... |
11023828 | Macromolecular organization of saliva: identification of 'insoluble' MUC5B assemblies and non-mucin proteins in the gel phase. | Stimulated human submandibular/sublingual (HSMSL) and whole saliva were separated into sol and gel phases and mucins were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation in CsCl/4M guanidinium chloride. MUC5B and MUC7 were identified using anti-peptide antisera raised against sequences within the MUC5B and MUC7 apoproteins... |
11023826 | Molecular characterization of human tensin. | Tensin is a focal-adhesion molecule that binds to actin filaments and interacts with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. To analyse tensin's function in mammals, we have cloned tensin cDNAs from human and cow. The isolated approx. 7.7-kb human cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 1735 amino acid residues. The ... |
11023813 | Meaningful relationships: the regulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by protein interactions. | The Ras/Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway is at the heart of signalling networks that govern proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. Although the basic regulatory steps have been elucidated, many features of this pathway are only beginnin... |
11021789 | Optically defined multifunctional patterning of photosensitive thin-film silica mesophases. | Photosensitive films incorporating molecular photoacid generators compartmentalized within a silica-surfactant mesophase were prepared by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process. Ultraviolet exposure promoted localized acid-catalyzed siloxane condensation, which can be used for selective etching of unexposed regio... |
11021821 | Expression of heparanase in normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic human colonic mucosa and stroma. Evidence for its role in colonic tumorigenesis. | The human heparanase gene, an endo-beta-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate at specific intrachain sites, has recently been cloned and shown to function in tumor progression and metastatic spread. Antisense digoxigenin-labeled heparanase RNA probe and monoclonal anti-human heparanase antibodies were used to exam... |
11015404 | Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae isolated in Spain from lactococcosis outbreaks and comparison with isolates of other countries and sources. | The phenotypic and genetic analysis results for 84 isolates of Lactococcus garvieae (including 62 strains from trout with lactococcosis from four different countries, 7 strains from cows and water buffalos with subclinical mastitis, 3 from water, and 10 from human clinical samples) are presented. There was great phenot... |
11018060 | Assembly of myelin by association of proteolipid protein with cholesterol- and galactosylceramide-rich membrane domains. | Myelin is a specialized membrane enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol that contains a limited spectrum of proteins. We investigated the assembly of myelin components by oligodendrocytes and analyzed the role of lipid-protein interactions in this process. Proteolipid protein (PLP), the major myelin protein, wa... |
11018059 | Functional redundancy in the maize meiotic kinetochore. | Kinetochores can be thought of as having three major functions in chromosome segregation: (a) moving plateward at prometaphase; (b) participating in spindle checkpoint control; and (c) moving poleward at anaphase. Normally, kinetochores cooperate with opposed sister kinetochores (mitosis, meiosis II) or paired homologo... |
11015197 | The fourth transmembrane segment of the dopamine D2 receptor: accessibility in the binding-site crevice and position in the transmembrane bundle. | The binding site of the dopamine D2 receptor, like that of homologous G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is contained within a water-accessible crevice formed among its seven transmembrane segments (TMSs). Using the substituted-cysteine-accessibility method (SCAM), we are mapping the residues that contribute to the s... |
11013311 | Sphingolipids and cholesterol modulate membrane susceptibility to cytosolic phospholipase A(2). | Modulation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) activity by sphingomyelin (SPH), ceramide (Cer), and cholesterol (Chol) was investigated in CHO-2B cells activated by the calcium ionophore A23187 and epinephrine. Chol depletion of CHO-2B cells by treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (5 mm) resulted in the inhibi... |
10903311 | Cell confluence-dependent remodeling of endothelial membranes mediated by cholesterol. | The plasma membranes of endothelial cells reaching confluence undergo profound structural and functional modifications, including the formation of adherens junctions, crucial for the regulation of vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Adherens junction formation is accompanied by the tyrosine dephosphorylation of adh... |
11014812 | A region of the myosin rod important for interaction with paramyosin in Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscle. | The precise arrangement of molecules within the thick filament, as well as the mechanisms by which this arrangement is specified, remains unclear. In this article, we have exploited a unique genetic interaction between one isoform of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and paramyosin in Caenorhabditis elegans to probe the molecul... |
11010889 | Identification of collagen-binding proteins in Lactobacillus spp. with surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight ProteinChip technology. | Biosurfactants produced by Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14, L. rhamnosus GR-1 and 36, and L. casei Shirota were found to contain proteins that bind to both collagen types III and VI, as determined by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-time of flight mass spectrometry. Both collagen types III and VI immo... |
11010874 | Cytological effects of cellulases in the parasitism of Phytophthora parasitica by Pythium oligandrum. | The ubiquitous oomycete Pythium oligandrum is a potential biocontrol agent for use against a wide range of pathogenic fungi and an inducer of plant disease resistance. The ability of P. oligandrum to compete with root pathogens for saprophytic colonization of substrates may be critical for pathogen increase in soil, bu... |
11006536 | Solid-state NMR as a probe of amyloid fibril structure. | Amyloid fibrils are intrinsically noncrystalline, insoluble, high-molecular-weight aggregates of peptides and proteins, with considerable biomedical and biophysical significance. Solid-state NMR techniques are uniquely capable of providing high-resolution, site-specific structural constraints for amyloid fibrils, at th... |
11006251 | Methazolamide 1% in cyclodextrin solution lowers IOP in human ocular hypertension. | <h4>Purpose</h4>To formulate aqueous eye drops containing methazolamide 1% in cyclodextrin solution and to evaluate their effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) in a double-blind randomized trial in humans. Methazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI), has been used in oral doses in the treatment of glaucoma but h... |
11006565 | Conformational preferences and supramolecular aggregation in 2-nitrophenylthiolates: disulfides and thiosulfonates. | In each of the asymmetrically substituted disulfides 2-nitro-4'-methyldiphenyl disulfide, C(13)H(11)NO(2)S(2) (1), 2-nitro-4'-chlorodiphenyl disulfide, C(12)H(8)ClNO(2)S(2) (2), 2, 4-dinitro-4'-methyldiphenyl disulfide, C(13)H(10)N(2)O(4)S(2) (3), and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2'-methoxycarbonylmethyl disulfide, C(9)H(8)N(2)O(... |
11006564 | N-(6-Amino-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-5-nitroso-4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl) derivatives of glycine, valine, serine, threonine and methionine: interplay of molecular, molecular-electronic and supramolecular structures. | In each of N-(6-amino-3, 4-dihydro-3-methyl-5-nitroso-4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl)valine, C(10)H(15)N(5)O(4) (3) (orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1)), N-(6-amino-3, 4-dihydro-3-methyl-5-nitroso-4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl)serine monohydrate, C(8)H(11)N(5)O(5).H(2)O (4) (orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1)), and N-(6-amino-3, 4-dihydro-3-methyl-5-nit... |
11006561 | Intramolecular hydrogen bonds: common motifs, probabilities of formation and implications for supramolecular organization. | A systematic survey of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) has identified all intramolecular hydrogen-bonded ring motifs comprising less than 20 atoms with N and O donors and acceptors. The probabilities of formation P(m) of the 50 most common motifs, which chiefly comprise five- and six-membered rings, have been d... |
11008888 | Classical QSAR and comparative molecular field analyses of the host-guest interaction of organic molecules with cyclodextrins. | The application of classical QSAR and molecular modeling analysis using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) to the complexation of some natural and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) with guest molecules was examined. For 1:1 complexation systems between natural beta-CD, modified alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CD that bea... |
11008887 | Hydration of beta-cyclodextrin: a molecular dynamics simulation study. | We study by molecular dynamics simulations the hydration of beta-cyclodextrin. Our simulations show that within these barrel-shaped molecules hydrophobicity dominates, while at the top and bottom sides of the barrel interactions with water are mostly hydrophilic in nature. These results agree with crystallographic data... |
11004181 | Characterization of bacteriophage lambda excisionase mutants defective in DNA binding. | The bacteriophage lambda excisionase (Xis) is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein required for excisive recombination. Xis binds cooperatively to two DNA sites arranged as direct repeats on the phage DNA. Efficient excision is achieved through a cooperative interaction between Xis and the host-encoded factor for in... |
11003669 | Inhibition of ErbB-2 mitogenic and transforming activity by RALT, a mitogen-induced signal transducer which binds to the ErbB-2 kinase domain. | The product of rat gene 33 was identified as an ErbB-2-interacting protein in a two-hybrid screen employing the ErbB-2 juxtamembrane and kinase domains as bait. This interaction was reproduced in vitro with a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein spanning positions 282 to 395 of the 459-residue gene 33 protein. Acti... |
11003656 | Inhibition of Daxx-mediated apoptosis by heat shock protein 27. | Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) confers cellular protection against a variety of cytotoxic stresses and also against physiological stresses associated with growth arrest or receptor-mediated apoptosis. Phosphorylation modulates the activity of HSP27 by causing a major change in the supramolecular organization of the prot... |
11003655 | Abl interactor 1 binds to sos and inhibits epidermal growth factor- and v-Abl-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. | Recent studies have suggested that members of the Abl interactor (Abi) protein family negatively regulate cell growth and transformation. To date, however, no specific role in these cellular processes has been identified for the Abi family. Here we describe the inhibition by overexpressed Abi-1 of a mitogenic pathway a... |
11003645 | SAF-Box, a conserved protein domain that specifically recognizes scaffold attachment region DNA. | SARs (scaffold attachment regions) are candidate DNA elements for partitioning eukaryotic genomes into independent chromatin loops by attaching DNA to proteins of a nuclear scaffold or matrix. The interaction of SARs with the nuclear scaffold is evolutionarily conserved and appears to be due to specific DNA binding pro... |
11000240 | Multi-PDZ domain protein MUPP1 is a cellular target for both adenovirus E4-ORF1 and high-risk papillomavirus type 18 E6 oncoproteins. | A general theme that has emerged from studies of DNA tumor viruses is that otherwise unrelated oncoproteins encoded by these viruses often target the same important cellular factors. Major oncogenic determinants for human adenovirus type 9 (Ad9) and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the E4-ORF1 and E6 oncoprot... |
11000204 | Biochemical characterization of rotavirus receptors in MA104 cells. | We have tested the effect of metabolic inhibitors, membrane cholesterol depletion, and detergent extraction of cell surface molecules on the susceptibility of MA104 cells to infection by rotaviruses. Treatment of cells with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein N glycosylation, blocked the infectivity of the SA-dependen... |
10992503 | Pet toxin from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli produces cellular damage associated with fodrin disruption. | Pet toxin is a serine protease from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli which has been described as causing enterotoxic and cytotoxic effects. In this paper we show that Pet produces spectrin and fodrin (nonerythroid spectrin) disruption. Using purified erythrocyte membranes treated with Pet toxin, we observed degradati... |
10992487 | Lectin site interaction with capsular polysaccharide mediates nonimmune phagocytosis of type III group B streptococci. | Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes substantial morbidity but most individuals exposed to the organism remain healthy. These experiments tested the hypothesis that engagement of the complement receptor 3 (CR3) lectin site would effectively trigger neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of complement-opsonized type III GBS by ... |
10991875 | Efficacy of voriconazole in a guinea pig model of disseminated invasive aspergillosis. | Voriconazole (VRC) was evaluated in an immunosuppressed-guinea pig model of invasive aspergillosis. VRC was more effective than amphotericin B or similar doses of itraconazole in the clearance of Aspergillus from tissues. VRC treatment regimens improved survival and significantly reduced tissue colony counts compared w... |
10991831 | Comparison of a new triazole, posaconazole, with itraconazole and amphotericin B for treatment of histoplasmosis following pulmonary challenge in immunocompromised mice. | A murine model of intratracheally induced histoplasmosis in immunocompromised B6C3F(1) mice was used to evaluate a new triazole antifungal agent, posaconazole. This compound was previously shown to be comparable to amphotericin B and superior to itraconazole for the treatment of histoplasmosis in immunocompetent mice. ... |
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