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10995212 | A novel selenocystine-beta-cyclodextrin conjugate that acts as a glutathione peroxidase mimic. | A novel artificial glutathione peroxidase mimic consisting of a selenocystine-di-beta-cyclodextrin conjugate (selenium-bridged-6, 6'-amino-selenocystine-6,6'-deoxy-di-beta-cyclodextrin), in which selenocystine is bound to the primary side of beta-cyclodextrin through the two amino nitrogen groups of selenocystine, was ... |
10992293 | The role of the carboxyl terminal alpha-helical coiled-coil domain in osmosensing by transporter ProP of Escherichia coli. | Concentrative uptake of osmoprotectants via transporter ProP contributes to the rehydration of Escherichia coli cells that encounter high osmolality media. A member of the major facilitator superfamily, ProP is activated by osmotic upshifts in whole bacteria, in cytoplasmic membrane vesicles and in proteoliposomes prep... |
10992292 | Elucidation of the mechanism of interaction of sheep spleen galectin-1 with splenocytes and its role in cell-matrix adhesion. | The binding of a 14 kDa beta-galactoside animal lectin to splenocytes has been studied in detail. The binding data show that there are two classes of binding sites on the cells for the lectin: a high-affinity site with a K(a) ranging from 1.1 x 10(6) to 5.1 x 10(5) M (-1) and a low affinity binding site with a K(a) ran... |
10992291 | From gel filtration to biosensor technology: the development of chromatography for the characterization of protein interactions. | The objective of this review is to summarize the development of chromatographic techniques for the determination of reaction stoichiometries and equilibrium constants for solute interactions of biological importance. Gel chromatography is shown to offer a convenient means of characterizing solute self-association as we... |
10992290 | Molecular architecture and biorecognition processes of the cystine knot protein superfamily: part I. The glycoprotein hormones. | In this review article, the reader is introduced to recent advances in our knowledge on a subset of the cystine knot superfamily of homo- and hetero-dimeric proteins, from the perspective of the endocrine glycoprotein hormone family of proteins: follitropin (FSH), Iutropin (LH), thyrotropin. (TSH) and chorionic gonadot... |
10989145 | EST sequencing of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus suggests a shift in gene expression during transition to the parasitic stages. | Expressed sequence tags from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus were generated in order to identify anchor loci for comparative mapping between nematode genomes and candidate targets for future control measures. In total, 370 SL1 trans-spliced cDNAs from different developmental stages representing 195 differen... |
10987945 | Molecular recognition of amines and amino esters by zinc porphyrin receptors: binding mechanisms and solvent effects. | Zinc porphyrin receptors bearing 12 ester groups in the meso phenyl groups (1-3) were prepared, and binding of amines and alpha-amino esters was studied with emphasis on the binding mechanisms. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2, 6-bis(carbomethoxymethoxy)-4-carbomethoxyphenyl)porphyrin (free ... |
10990454 | Dual epitope recognition by the VASP EVH1 domain modulates polyproline ligand specificity and binding affinity. | The Ena-VASP family of proteins act as molecular adaptors linking the cytoskeletal system to signal transduction pathways. Their N-terminal EVH1 domains use groups of exposed aromatic residues to specifically recognize 'FPPPP' motifs found in the mammalian zyxin and vinculin proteins, and ActA protein of the intracellu... |
10990450 | Evolutionary transition pathways for changing peptide ligand specificity and structure. | We identified evolutionary pathways for the inter- conversion of three sequentially and structurally unrelated peptides, GATPEDLNQKL, GLYEWGGARI and FDKEWNLIEQN, binding to the same site of the hypervariable region of the anti-p24 (HIV-1) monoclonal antibody CB4-1. Conversion of these peptides into each other could be ... |
10993223 | Inclusion complex of 3,9-bis(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy)-5H-benzofuro[3,2-c]quinoline-6-one (KCA-098) with heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin: interaction and dissolution properties. | Interactions of KCA-098 with heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CyD) in solution and in the solid state were studied by the solubility method, UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, and thermal analysis. The KCA-098/DM-beta-CyD system showed an A(L) type solubility diagram with... |
10986089 | Approaches to the fully functionalized DEF ring system of ristocetin A via highly selective ruthenium-promoted S(N)Ar reaction. | Ruthenium-promoted intramolecular S(N)Ar reaction has allowed the construction of the fully functionalized 16-membered DEF macrocycle 4 of ristocetin A that incorporates the required arylglycine and arylserine residues as the F and E ring, respectively. |
10986079 | Ammonium ion binding with pyridine-containing crown ethers. | Dipyrido[24]crown-8 (DP24C8) has been synthesized and shown to form [2]pseudorotaxanes spontaneously with dibenzylammonium ions. These complexes, which have been demonstrated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy to form faster in solution than when the macrocyclic polyether is dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8), are also stronger than th... |
10986078 | Toward interlocked molecules beyond catenanes and rotaxanes. | A linear bis secondary dialkylammonium ion-containing scaffold-based upon an anthracenyl core-has been synthesized. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to dock either one or two dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) macrocycles onto this scaffold to afford either a [2]- or [3]pseudorotaxane, respectively. In solution, t... |
10986459 | Mutational analysis of designed peptides that undergo structural transition from alpha helix to beta sheet and amyloid fibril formation. | <h4>Background</h4>Conformational alteration and fibril formation of proteins have a key role in a variety of amyloid diseases. A simplified model peptide would lead to a better understanding of underlying mechanisms whereby protein misfolding and aggregation occur. Recently, we reported the design of peptides that und... |
10986125 | A comparative analysis of 23 structures of the amyloidogenic protein transthyretin. | Self-assembly of the human plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) into unbranched insoluble amyloid fibrils occurs as a result of point mutations that destabilize the molecule, leading to conformational changes. The tertiary structure of native soluble TTR and many of its disease-causing mutants have been determined. Sever... |
10986123 | Coupled energetics of lambda cro repressor self-assembly and site-specific DNA operator binding II: cooperative interactions of cro dimers. | The bacteriophage lambda relies on interactions of the cI and cro repressors which self assemble and bind the two operators (O(R) and O(L)) of the phage genome to control the lysogenic to lytic switch. While the self assembly and O(R) binding of cI have been investigated in detail, a more complete understanding of gene... |
10962023 | Cellulose-binding domains promote hydrolysis of different sites on crystalline cellulose. | The cohesin-dockerin interaction in Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome mediates the tight binding of cellulolytic enzymes to the cellulosome-integrating protein CipA. Here, this interaction was used to study the effect of different cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) on the enzymatic activity of C. thermocellum endogluc... |
10985798 | Direct evidence for spontaneous branch migration in antiparallel DNA Holliday junctions. | The Holliday junction is a central intermediate in genetic recombination. It contains four strands of DNA that are paired into four double helical arms flanking a branch point. In naturally occurring Holliday junctions, the sequence flanking the branch point contains 2-fold (homologous) symmetry. As a consequence of th... |
10985796 | Coupled energetics of lambda cro repressor self-assembly and site-specific DNA operator binding I: analysis of cro dimerization from nanomolar to micromolar concentrations. | The cro repressor from bacteriophage lambda is an important and classical transcription regulatory protein that binds DNA operator sites as a dimer. Therefore, a complete understanding of gene regulation by cro requires knowledge of the coupled energetics of its protein dimerization and site-specific DNA binding. A met... |
10987420 | The binding of cocaine to cyclodextrins. | Cocaine binds into beta-cyclodextrin, but not detectably into alpha- or gamma-cyclodextrin, in water solution. NMR studies indicate the geometry of the complex, which is confirmed by molecular mechanics calculations and binding studies on cocaine analogues and cyclodextrin dimers. |
10970390 | Characterization of Actinomyces isolates from infected root canals of teeth: description of Actinomyces radicidentis sp. nov. | Two strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered in pure culture from infected root canals of teeth. Analysis by biochemical testing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains closely resembled each other phenotypically but were distinct fro... |
10982880 | Role of FXR and FTF in bile acid-mediated suppression of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase transcription. | Bile acid biosynthesis is subjected to feedback regulation whereby bile acids down-regulate their own synthesis. The major point of this regulation is at the level of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (7alpha-hydroxylase), which controls bile acid output from the classic pathway. This regulation is at the level of transcr... |
10982875 | Prod is a novel DNA-binding protein that binds to the 1.686 g/cm(3) 10 bp satellite repeat of Drosophila melanogaster. | The proliferation disrupter (prod) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a novel protein associated with centromeric chromosomal regions that is required for chromatin condensation and cell viability. We have examined the binding of the Prod protein to DNA in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that... |
10982860 | Modeling of DNA local parameters predicts encrypted architectural motifs in Xenopus laevis ribosomal gene promoter. | We have modeled local DNA sequence parameters to search for DNA architectural motifs involved in transcription regulation and promotion within the Xenopus laevis ribosomal gene promoter and the intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences. The IGS was found to be shaped into distinct topological domains. First, intrinsic bends sp... |
10887187 | TWIK-2, an inactivating 2P domain K+ channel. | We cloned human and rat TWIK-2 and expressed this novel 2P domain K(+) channel in transiently transfected COS cells. TWIK-2 is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, the vasculature, and the immune system. Rat TWIK-2 currents are about 15 times larger than human TWIK-2 currents, but both exhibit outward rectif... |
10893411 | The correlation of ATP-binding cassette 1 mRNA levels with cholesterol efflux from various cell lines. | Studies show that lipid-free apoA-I stimulates release of cholesterol and phospholipid from fibroblasts and macrophages. ATP-binding cassette 1 (ABC1) is implicated in this release and has been identified as the genetic defect in Tangier disease, evidence that ABC1 is critical to the biogenesis of high density lipoprot... |
10829014 | Structural and functional role of the disulfide bridges in the hydrophobin SC3. | Hydrophobins function in fungal development by self-assembly at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces such as the interface between the fungal cell wall and the air or a hydrophobic solid. These proteins contain eight conserved cysteine residues that form four disulfide bonds. To study the effect of the disulfide bridges ... |
10976070 | Scanometric DNA array detection with nanoparticle probes. | A method for analyzing combinatorial DNA arrays using oligonucleotide-modified gold nanoparticle probes and a conventional flatbed scanner is described here. Labeling oligonucleotide targets with nanoparticle rather than fluorophore probes substantially alters the melting profiles of the targets from an array substrate... |
10975987 | IL-5-Induced JAB-JAK2 interaction. | Receptor activation by the haematopoietic growth factor proteins interleukin 5 (IL-5) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) leads to phosphorylation of JAK2 as a key trigger of signal transduction. JAB has recently been identified as a regulator of JAK2 phosphorylation and activity by binding ph... |
10974123 | Molecular genetics of heterokaryon incompatibility in filamentous ascomycetes. | Filamentous fungi spontaneously undergo vegetative cell fusion events within but also between individuals. These cell fusions (anastomoses) lead to cytoplasmic mixing and to the formation of vegetative heterokaryons (i.e., cells containing different nuclear types). The viability of these heterokaryons is genetically co... |
10974122 | Thermophilic fungi: their physiology and enzymes. | Thermophilic fungi are a small assemblage in mycota that have a minimum temperature of growth at or above 20 degrees C and a maximum temperature of growth extending up to 60 to 62 degrees C. As the only representatives of eukaryotic organisms that can grow at temperatures above 45 degrees C, the thermophilic fungi are ... |
10974001 | Dynamin:GTP controls the formation of constricted coated pits, the rate limiting step in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | The GTPase dynamin is essential for receptor-mediated endocytosis, but its function remains controversial. A domain of dynamin, termed the GTPase effector domain (GED), controls dynamin's high stimulated rates of GTP hydrolysis by functioning as an assembly-dependent GAP. Dyn(K694A) and dyn(R725A) carry point mutations... |
10973865 | Evaluation of two different homogeneous assays for LDL-cholesterol in lipoprotein-X-positive serum. | <h4>Background</h4>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of two homogeneous assays for LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), a polyethylene/cyclodextrin (PC) assay and a detergent (D) assay, which are based on different principles, in cholestatic serum.<h4>Methods</h4>We compared serum LDL-C concentrations deter... |
10969024 | Salt effects on ionization equilibria of histidines in myoglobin. | The salt dependence of histidine pK(a) values in sperm whale and horse myoglobin and in histidine-containing peptides was measured by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. Structure-based pK(a) calculations were performed with continuum methods to test their ability to capture the effects of solution conditions on pK(a) values. The m... |
10969019 | Significance of a two-domain structure in subunits of phycobiliproteins revealed by the normal mode analysis. | Phycobiliproteins are basic building blocks of phycobilisomes, a supra-molecular assembly for the light-capturing function of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and red algae. One functional form of phycobiliproteins is a trimeric form consisting of three identical units having C(3) symmetry, with each unit composed of tw... |
10969017 | High-pressure and stark hole-burning studies of chlorosome antennas from Chlorobium tepidum. | Results from high-pressure and Stark hole-burning experiments on isolated chlorosomes from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum are presented, as well as Stark hole-burning data for bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) monomers in a poly(vinyl butyral) copolymer film. Large linear pressure shift rates of -0.44 and -... |
10969008 | Membrane-induced folding of cecropin A. | Lipid membranes manifest a diverse array of surface forces that can fold and orient an approaching protein. To better understand these forces and their ability to influence protein function, we have used infrared spectroscopy with isotopic editing to characterize the 37-residue membrane-active antimicrobial polypeptide... |
10837476 | An analysis of the interaction between mouse apolipoprotein B100 and apolipoprotein(a). | The assembly of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) involves an initial noncovalent interaction between apolipoprotein (apo) B100 and apo(a), followed by the formation of a disulfide bond between apoB100 cysteine 4326 and apo(a) cysteine 4057. The structural features of apoB100 that are required for its noncovalent interaction with... |
10971591 | The helix nucleation site and propensity of the synthetic mitochondrial presequence of ornithine carbamoyltransferase. | This study describes the helix nucleation site and helix propagation of the amphiphilic helical structure of the mitochondrial presequence of rat ornithine carbamoyltransferase. We investigated this property of the 32-residue synthetic presequence using CD and 2D-HR NMR techniques by determining the structure as a func... |
10970841 | Bacterial SLH domain proteins are non-covalently anchored to the cell surface via a conserved mechanism involving wall polysaccharide pyruvylation. | Several bacterial proteins are non-covalently anchored to the cell surface via an S-layer homology (SLH) domain. Previous studies have suggested that this cell surface display mechanism involves a non-covalent interaction between the SLH domain and peptidoglycan-associated polymers. Here we report the characterization ... |
10972737 | Molecular recognition specificity of Bacillus globigii spore antibodies. | Western blotting methods have been used to assess the specificity of polyclonal antibodies raised against Bacillus globigii spore and vegetative cell preparations. None of the antibodies studied were completely species-specific in their recognition of spore surface epitopes. One polyclonal serum recognized several spor... |
10970795 | Biological effects of menadione photochemistry: effects of menadione on biological systems may not involve classical oxidant production. | Because cell-mediated reduction of menadione leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), this quinone is widely used to investigate the effects of ROS on cellular functions. We report that A549 human lung epithelial cells exposed to menadione demonstrate a dose-dependent increase in both intracellular cal... |
10975249 | Chiral analysis of selected dopamine receptor antagonists in serum using capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrin additives. | Dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists' eticlopride and sulpiride were determined in serum using capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrin additives. Chiral resolution of S(-) and R(+) sulpiride and eticlopride were achieved using 2% sulfated-beta-cyclodextrin (S-beta-CD) in 20 mM citrate run buffer (pH 2.90). A 72-cm fus... |
10967020 | Reconstitution of conformationally dependent epitopes on the N-terminal extracellular domain of the human muscle acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit expressed in Escherichia coli: implications for myasthenia gravis therapeutic approaches. | Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease, caused by autoantibodies against the muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR), an oligomeric transmembrane glycoprotein composed of alpha(2)beta gamma delta subunits. The alpha subunit carries in its N-terminal extracellular domain the main immunogenic region (MIR), a group ... |
10964381 | New allene synthesis via carbocupration-zinc carbenoid homologation and beta-elimination sequence. | [reaction: see text] Polysubstituted propadienes are obtained in good to excellent yields by the consecutive carbocupration-homologation-beta-elimination reactions on the easily accessible alkynyl sulfoxides or sulfones. This one-pot reaction also allows the preparation of functionalized allenes. |
10964359 | Molecular interpenetration within the columnar structure of crystalline anilino-beta-cyclodextrin. | A single crystal of mono(6-anilino-6-deoxy)-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis, which clearly revealed that the anilino groups are consecutively included intermolecularly into the adjacent cyclodextrin cavities in the crystal, thus giving rise to ... |
10964355 | Organometallic photonucleases: synthesis and DNA-cleavage studies of cyclopentadienyl metal-substituted dendrimers designed to increase double-strand scission. | [reaction: see text] A series of metal complex-substituted polyamine dendrimers have been synthesized and examined for their ability to cleave plasmid DNA in a double-stranded manner. While photolysis of the dimetallic spermine derivative and the tetrametallic DAB-Am-4 complex led to double-strand scission, in the larg... |
10964948 | Passive or active immunization with myelin basic protein promotes recovery from spinal cord contusion. | Partial injury to the spinal cord can propagate itself, sometimes leading to paralysis attributable to degeneration of initially undamaged neurons. We demonstrated recently that autoimmune T cells directed against the CNS antigen myelin basic protein (MBP) reduce degeneration after optic nerve crush injury in rats. Her... |
10965353 | Insulin uptake, localization and production in previously insulin treated and untreated Tetrahymena. Data on the mechanism of hormonal imprinting. | Confocal microscopic experiments demonstrate the presence of insulin in Tetrahymena, observed also in earlier experiments. However, there is a broad spectrum of insulin-containing cells from the immunocytochemically insulin-free, to the strongly antibody-reactive ones. During 1 h of insulin treatment (imprinting) the c... |
10966410 | Additional evidence that juvenile oyster disease is caused by a member of the Roseobacter group and colonization of nonaffected animals by Stappia stellulata-like strains. | Juvenile oyster disease (JOD) causes significant annual mortalities of hatchery-produced Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, cultured in the Northeast. We have reported that a novel species of the alpha-proteobacteria Roseobacter group (designated CVSP) was numerically dominant in JOD-affected animals sampled durin... |
10962233 | Considerations in the use of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in the formulation of aqueous ophthalmic solutions of hydrocortisone. | The in vivo ocular bioavailability of hydrocortisone (HC) in the NZW rabbit was determined following topical administration of solutions containing HC (1%) with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) alone, or containing the mucoadhesive, viscosity enhancing polymers sodium hyaluronate (0.2 and 0.5% w/v) or Carbo... |
10960108 | The flagellar filament of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: pH-induced polymorphic transitions and analysis of the fliC gene. | Flagellar motility in Rhodobacter sphaeroides is notably different from that in other bacteria. R. sphaeroides moves in a series of runs and stops produced by the intermittent rotation of the flagellar motor. R. sphaeroides has a single, plain filament whose conformation changes according to flagellar motor activity. C... |
10958690 | Deficiency of PTEN in Jurkat T cells causes constitutive localization of Itk to the plasma membrane and hyperresponsiveness to CD3 stimulation. | Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain binding to D3-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositides (PI) provides a reversible means of recruiting proteins to the plasma membrane, with the resultant change in subcellular localization playing a key role in the activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Previously we found... |
10958674 | Myc is an essential negative regulator of platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor expression. | Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF BB) is a potent mitogen for fibroblasts as well as many other cell types. Interaction of PDGF BB with the PDGF beta receptor (PDGF-betaR) activates numerous signaling pathways and leads to a decrease in receptor expression on the cell surface. PDGF-betaR downregulation is effecte... |
10954600 | Expanding the structural and functional diversity of RNA: analog uridine triphosphates as candidates for in vitro selection of nucleic acids. | Two analog uridine triphosphates tethering additional functionality, one a primary amino group and the second a mercapto group, were prepared and tested for their compatibility with in vitro RNA selection procedures. 5-(3-Aminopropyl)uridine triphosphate (UNH(2)) as a uridine substitute was a more effective substrate f... |
10954567 | Functional dissection of the major structural protein of bluetongue virus: identification of key residues within VP7 essential for capsid assembly. | A lattice of VP7 trimers forms the surface of the icosahedral bluetongue virus (BTV) core. To investigate the role of VP7 oligomerization in core assembly, a series of residues for substitution were predicted based on crystal structures of BTV type 10 VP7 molecule targeting the monomer-monomer contacts within the trime... |
10954551 | Early alterations of the receptor-binding properties of H1, H2, and H3 avian influenza virus hemagglutinins after their introduction into mammals. | Interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses circulating in wild aquatic birds occasionally results in influenza outbreaks in mammals, including humans. To identify early changes in the receptor binding properties of the avian virus hemagglutinin (HA) after interspecies transmission and to determine the amino acid ... |
10954522 | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif protein is an integral component of an mRNP complex of viral RNA and could be involved in the viral RNA folding and packaging process. | Virion infectivity factor (Vif) is a protein encoded by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and -2) and simian immunodeficiency virus, plus other lentiviruses, and is essential for viral replication either in vivo or in culture for nonpermissive cells such as peripheral blood lymphoid cells, macrophages, ... |
10954421 | Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and recycling of autocrine motility factor receptor to fibronectin fibrils is a limiting factor for NIH-3T3 cell motility. | Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMF-R) is internalized via a clathrin-independent pathway to smooth endoplasmic reticulum tubules. This endocytic pathway is shown here to be inhibited by methyl-(beta)-cyclodextrin (m(beta)CD) implicating caveolae or caveolae-like structures in AMF internalization to smooth ER. AMF-... |
10951192 | Solution structure of a neurotrophic ligand bound to FKBP12 and its effects on protein dynamics. | The structure of a recently reported neurotrophic ligand, 3-(3-pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1, 2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, in complex with FKBP12 was determined using heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. The inhibitor exhibits a binding mode analogous to that observed for the macrocycle FK506, used wid... |
10952597 | Dendrimers, a new class of candidate topical microbicides with activity against herpes simplex virus infection. | Dendrimers are large highly branched macromolecules synthesized from a polyfunctional core. They have shown a variety of biological properties, including, in some instances, antiviral activity. In this study, five dendrimers were evaluated for in vitro activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 by cytopa... |
10947962 | New type of starch-binding domain: the direct repeat motif in the C-terminal region of Bacillus sp. no. 195 alpha-amylase contributes to starch binding and raw starch degrading. | The alpha-amylase from Bacillus sp. no. 195 (BAA) consists of two domains: one is the catalytic domain similar to alpha-amylases from animals and Streptomyces in the N-terminal region; the other is the functionally unknown domain composed of an approx. 90-residue direct repeat in the C-terminal region. The gene coding ... |
10938129 | A bromodomain protein, MCAP, associates with mitotic chromosomes and affects G(2)-to-M transition. | We describe a novel nuclear factor called mitotic chromosome-associated protein (MCAP), which belongs to the poorly understood BET subgroup of the bromodomain superfamily. Expression of the 200-kDa MCAP was linked to cell division, as it was induced by growth stimulation and repressed by growth inhibition. The most not... |
10938125 | Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein binds and inactivates growth-inhibitory insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. | The E7 protein encoded by human papillomavirus type 16 is one of the few viral genes that can immortalize primary human cells and thereby override cellular senescence. While it is generally assumed that this property of E7 depends on its interaction with regulators of the cell cycle, we show here that E7 targets insuli... |
10938120 | Protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways antagonistically regulate fission yeast fbp1 transcription by employing different modes of action at two upstream activation sites. | A significant challenge to our understanding of eukaryotic transcriptional regulation is to determine how multiple signal transduction pathways converge on a single promoter to regulate transcription in divergent fashions. To study this, we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the Schizosaccharomyces pom... |
10938119 | Multiple splicing defects in an intronic false exon. | Splice site consensus sequences alone are insufficient to dictate the recognition of real constitutive splice sites within the typically large transcripts of higher eukaryotes, and large numbers of pseudoexons flanked by pseudosplice sites with good matches to the consensus sequences can be easily designated. In an att... |
10938111 | Selective DNA binding and association with the CREB binding protein coactivator contribute to differential activation of alpha/beta interferon genes by interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7. | Recent studies implicate the interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) IRF-3 and IRF-7 as key activators of the alpha/beta IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) genes as well as the RANTES chemokine gene. Using coexpression analysis, the human IFNB, IFNA1, and RANTES promoters were stimulated by IRF-3 coexpression, whereas the IFNA4, I... |
10934037 | Intracellular distribution and mobilization of unesterified cholesterol in adipocytes: triglyceride droplets are surrounded by cholesterol-rich ER-like surface layer structures. | In addition to their central role in triglyceride storage, fat cells are a primary depot of unesterified cholesterol (FC) in the body. In comparison, peripheral cells contain very little FC. This difference in adipocytes versus peripheral tissues is inconsistent with the current theory of cholesterol homeostasis. Attem... |
10933678 | Complex formation between potyvirus VPg and translation eukaryotic initiation factor 4E correlates with virus infectivity. | The interaction between the viral protein linked to the genome (VPg) of turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) and the translation eukaryotic initiation factor eIF(iso)4E of Arabidopsis thaliana has previously been reported. eIF(iso)4E binds the cap structure (m(7)GpppN, where N is any nucleotide) of mRNAs and has an important... |
10927024 | Site-directed mutagenesis studies of human A(2A) adenosine receptors: involvement of glu(13) and his(278) in ligand binding and sodium modulation. | To provide insights into interactions between ligands and A(2A) adenosine receptors, site-directed mutagenesis was used to test the roles of a glutamic acid residue in the first transmembrane domain (Glu13) and a histidine residue in the seventh transmembrane domain (His278). The two residues, which have been suggested... |
10911024 | Conformational and topographical considerations in designing agonist peptidomimetics from peptide leads. | The design of peptidomimetic ligands with agonist biological activities in vitro and in vivo has been challenging. Lofty goals have been set for this research including high potency, high receptor type selectivity, high stability in vitro and in vivo, and high efficacy in vitro and in vivo for agonists. A systematic st... |
10911020 | Towards 3D structures of G protein-coupled receptors: a multidisciplinary approach. | Current strategies in pharmaceutical research comprise two methodologically different but complementary approaches for lead finding purposes, namely the random screening of compound libraries and the structure-based effort, commonly termed rational drug design. The structure-based approach is aimed to exploit 3D struct... |
10914326 | Effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on the solubility of an antibacterial isoxazolyl-naphthoquinone. | The complexation of 2-hydroxy-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-imine (I) with a highly soluble cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was studied in aqueous media by solubility methods. I is an antibacterial and trypanocidal agent that is undergoing preclinical testing. Unfortunate... |
10861383 | Time-lapse confocal reflection microscopy of collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular matrix assembly in vitro. | The development of the next generation of biomaterials for restoration of tissues and organs (i.e., tissue engineering) requires a better understanding of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its interaction with cells. Extracellular matrix is a macromolecular assembly of natural biopolymers including collagens, glycosam... |
10834370 | Structural study on inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins with organophosphorus pesticides by use of rotational strength analysis method. | For inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins with parathinons and paraoxon, inclusion depths were estimated with the rotational strength analysis method. The inclusion depths of pesticides were sensitive to the difference in the hydrophobic properties of the phosphate and monothiophosphate groups and were in close correlat... |
11667972 | Surfactant protein-D and pulmonary host defense. | Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) participates in the innate response to inhaled microorganisms and organic antigens, and contributes to immune and inflammatory regulation within the lung. SP-D is synthesized and secreted by alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells, but is also expressed by epithelial cells lining various e... |
11015604 | A novel, sensitive detection system for high-density microarrays using dendrimer technology. | To improve signal detection on cDNA microarrays, we adapted a fluorescent oligonucleotide dendrimeric signal amplification system to microarray technology. This signal detection method requires 16-fold less RNA for probe synthesis, does not depend on the incorporation of fluorescent dNTPs into a reverse transcription r... |
10930361 | Iron-dependent self-assembly of recombinant yeast frataxin: implications for Friedreich ataxia. | Frataxin deficiency is the primary cause of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive cardiodegenerative and neurodegenerative disease. Frataxin is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein that is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Genetic inactivation of the yeast frataxin homologue (Yfh1p) results in mitochondr... |
23105282 | Metalloporphyrins-Applications and clinical significance. | The fascinating structures of naturally occurring porphyrins and metalloporphyrins have been perfected by nature to give functional dyes par excellence. The important roles these tetrapyrrolic macrocycles play in vital biological processes, in particular photosynthesis (chlorophyll), oxygen transport (hemoglobin), oxyg... |
10993339 | Singly bridged calix | Crowned calix[8]arenes are obtained by direct alkylation of p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene (1) with poly(ethylene glycol) ditosylates in the presence of various bases. K2CO3 promotes the preferential formation of 1,3-calix[8]crowns. Cs2CO3 mainly gives the 1,5-isomers, which are selectively obtained in high yields when shor... |
10993338 | [2]Catenane assembly from calix[4]arene crown ethers [In Process Citation] | A variety of novel calix[4]arene-incorporating crown ethers with or without intramolecular hydrogen bonding have been prepared by two efficient methods and utilized as donor rings to assemble calix[4]arene [2]catenanes based on pi-stacking interaction between hydroquinone and bipyridinium units. Treatment of calix[4]ar... |
10985716 | Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in calixarenes | The construction of a molecular cavity for recognition and catalysis requires either covalent synthesis or intermolecular self-assembly of complementary units. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is another tool to control the cavity-forming process. When properly positioned within the same molecular structure, hydrogen bo... |
10956482 | Electrochemical studies of seven regioisomers of Tris | Seven of the possible 46 constitutional isomers of tris[di(ethoxycarbonyl)methano[60]fullerene have been isolated and their electrochemical properties studied in CH(2)Cl(2). A two-electron controlled potential electrolysis of each of these isomers results in competing retro-Bingel and isomerization reactions with prefe... |
10955511 | The use of linear expressions of solute boiling point versus retention to indicate special interactions with the molecular rings of modified cyclodextrin phases in gas chromatography | The boiling points (degrees C, 1 x 10) of diverse C10 polar solutes from volatile oils are set against their relative retention times versus n-undecane to calculate linear equations for 12 commercial modified cyclodextrin (CD) capillary phases. Ten data points are considered for each CD, then solutes are rejected until... |
10952546 | Liquid chromatographic separations with mobile-phase additives: influence of pressure on coupled equilibria | On the basis of equilibrium thermodynamics, pressure can cause a shift in equilibrium for any interaction that exhibits a change in partial molar volume. This shift in equilibrium can be observed in liquid chromatography as a pressure-dependent shift in solute retention. In this paper, the impact of pressure on liquid ... |
10949297 | Influencing intramolecular motion with an alternating electric field | Analogues of mechanical devices that operate on the molecular level, such as shuttles, brakes, ratchets, turnstiles and unidirectional spinning motors, are current targets of both synthetic chemistry and nanotechnology. These structures are designed to restrict the degrees of freedom of submolecular components such tha... |
10947980 | A | A solid state, electronically addressable, bistable [2]catenane-based molecular switching device was fabricated from a single monolayer of the [2]catenane, anchored with phospholipid counterions, and sandwiched between an n-type polycrystalline silicon bottom electrode and a metallic top electrode. The device exhibits ... |
10944298 | Benzyltriphenylphosphonium glutaconaldehyde | The title compound, C(25)H(22)P(+).C(5)H(5)O(2)(-), crystallizes in space group P2(1)/c. The phosphonium cations form zigzag chains with P.P distances of 6.475 (1) and 8.287 (2) A, and are related by inversion centres. Two types of attractive edge-to-face phenyl interactions exist, resulting in a dominant supramolecula... |
10944258 | Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of tetrakis-mu-carboxylato-bis(dodecylnicotinato)dicopper(II) complexes; crystal and molecular structure of the decyl carboxylate derivative. | Dodecylnicotinate bis-adducts of binuclear copper carboxylates, of the general formula Cu2(O2CC(n-1)H(2n-1))4(C5H4NCOOC12H25)2, were synthesized for n = 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20, and their crystal structure, thermal behavior and magnetic properties studied. The molecular structure of the decyl derivative has been dete... |
10934391 | Acetylenic Coupling: A Powerful Tool in Molecular Construction. | Acetylenic coupling is currently experiencing some of the most intensive study of its long history. Rigid and sterically undemanding di- and oligoacetylene moieties, which are frequently encountered in natural products, are finding increasing application as key structural elements in synthetic receptors for molecular r... |
11248809 | Concentration of MHC class II molecules in lipid rafts facilitates antigen presentation. | The plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells are not uniform and possess distinct cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich raft microdomains that are enriched in proteins known to be essential for cellular function. Lipid raft microdomains are important for T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation of T cells. However, the impor... |
11265761 | Membrane raft microdomains mediate lateral assemblies required for HIV-1 infection. | HIV-1 infection triggers lateral membrane diffusion following interaction of the viral envelope with cell surface receptors. We show that these membrane changes are necessary for infection, as initial gp120-CD4 engagement leads to redistribution and clustering of membrane microdomains, enabling subsequent interaction o... |
11265756 | Decoding apparatus for eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion. | Decoding UGA as selenocysteine requires a unique tRNA, a specialized elongation factor, and specific secondary structures in the mRNA, termed SECIS elements. Eukaryotic SECIS elements are found in the 3' untranslated region of selenoprotein mRNAs while those in prokaryotes occur immediately downstream of UGA. Consequen... |
11256580 | Applications of biochip and microarray systems in pharmacogenomics. | A DNA microarray system is usually comprised of DNA probes formatted on a microscale on a glass surface (chip), plus the instruments needed to handle samples (automated robotics), to read the reporter molecules (scanners) and analyse the data (bioinformatic tools). Biochips are formed by in situ (on chip) synthesis of ... |
11004610 | Assay of microsomal oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity in the hamster liver by a sensitive method: in vitro modulation by oxysterols. | A method of assaying hepatic cytochrome P-450, oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7B), was developed by combining the use of 25-[26,27-(3)H]hydroxycholesterol as a substrate and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a substrate vehicle. When these assay conditions were tested, an undesirable transformation was observed of t... |
11196789 | Crystal structures and solution behavior of paramagnetic divalent transition metal complexes (Fe, Co) of the sterically encumbered tridentate macrocycles 1,4,7-R3-1,4,7-triazacyclononane: coordination numbers 5 (R = i-Pr) and 6 (R = i-Bu). | The coordination chemistry of the sterically hindered macrocyclic triamines, 1,4,7-R3-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (R = i-Pr, i-Pr3tacn, and R = i-Bu, i-Bu3tacn) with divalent transition metals has been investigated. These ligands form a series of stable novel complexes with the triflate salts MII(CF3SO3)2 (M = Fe, Co, or Z... |
11196831 | meso-Aryl smaragdyrins: novel anion and metal receptors. | An easy synthesis of core-modified meso-aryl smaragdyrins containing oxygen and sulfur in addition to pyrrole nitrogens has been achieved through an alpha-alpha coupling involving modified tripyrrane and dipyrromethane. The complexation behavior of these macrocycles toward anions (Cl-, F-, AMP-) and metal cations (Rh(I... |
11196829 | N-porphyrinylamino and -amido compounds by addition of an amino or amido nitrogen to a porphyrin meso position. | This report describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of octaethylporphyrin derivatives in which the porphyrin pi-network is connected to phenyl, 3-fluoranthenyl, or 1-pyrenyl aromatic systems through a meso amino or amido nitrogen. Metal-free bases and zinc(II) and iron(III) complexes have been obtained... |
11196804 | NMR and EPR investigations of iron corrolates: iron(III) corrolate pi cation radicals or iron(IV) corrolates? | The chloroiron corrolates of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octamethyl- and 7,13-dimethyl-2,3,8,12,17,18-hexaethylcorrole ([(Me8C)FeCl] and [(7,13-Me2Et6C)FeCl], respectively) and their bisimidazole complexes have been investigated by NMR spectroscopy as a function of temperature, and by EPR spectroscopy at 4.2 K. Magnetic suscep... |
11143565 | Development and screening of a polyketide virtual library for drug leads against a motilide pharmacophore. | A virtual library of macrocyclic polyketide molecules was generated and screened to identify novel, conformationally constrained potential motilin receptor agonists ("motilides"). A motilide pharmacophore model was generated from the potent 6,9-enol ether erythromycin and known derivatives from the literature. The phar... |
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