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10867708 | Effects on interaction kinetics of mutations at the VH-VL interface of Fabs depend on the structural context. | The influence of framework residues belonging to VH and VL modules of antibody molecules on antigen binding remains poorly understood. To investigate the functional role of such residues, we have performed semi-conservative amino acid replacements at the VH-VL interface. This work was carried out with (i) variants of t... |
10867707 | Prediction of interaction partners for orphan nuclear receptors by prior-based protein sequence profiles. | We present a prior-based profile method for the prediction of protein-protein interaction partners that is here applied to the nuclear receptor superfamily. In this method, the diagnostic features are locally encoded in the physicochemical properties of residues in the interaction surface that are conserved in all prot... |
10864134 | Nimesulide: some pharmaceutical and pharmacological aspects--an update. | Nimesulide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is administered orally or rectally twice daily for a variety of inflammation and pain states. This is a unique NSAID, not only because of its chemical structure but also because of its specific affinity to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thus exerting milder... |
10858586 | Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. | Inflammation clearly occurs in pathologically vulnerable regions of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, and it does so with the full complexity of local peripheral inflammatory responses. In the periphery, degenerating tissue and the deposition of highly insoluble abnormal materials are classical stimulants of inflamma... |
10856512 | The binding of closantel to ovine serum albumin, and homogenate fractions of Haemonchus contortus. | Closantel binds to the serum proteins of the host and affects blood sucking parasites when they ingest the blood of treated hosts. Closantel binds specifically to ovine serum albumin (K(a) of 9. 3x10(6)M(-1)) at site I, the warfarin/phenylbutazone binding site of albumin Closantel also binds to invertebrate haemocyanin... |
10855957 | Photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals for fingerprint detection. | The concept of utilizing photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals for latent fingerprint detection, especially in concert with phase-resolved imaging for background fluorescence suppression, is reduced to practice with CdS nanocrystals that are capped with dioctyl sulfosuccinate. The nanocrystals are dissolved in he... |
10854059 | Induction of apoptosis in rat cardiocytes by A3 adenosine receptor activation and its suppression by isoproterenol. | The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the induction of apoptosis in newborn cultured cardiomyocytes by activation of adenosine (ADO) A3 receptors and to examine the protective effects of beta-adrenoceptors. The selective agonist for A3 ADO receptors Cl-IB-MECA (2-chloro-N6-iodob... |
10850806 | Peptide and metal ion-dependent association of isolated helix-loop-helix calcium binding domains: studies of thrombic fragments of calmodulin. | Calmodulin (CaM), the ubiquitous, eukaryotic, bilobal calcium-binding regulatory protein, has been cleaved by thrombin to create two fragments. TM1 (1-106) and TM2 (107-148). NMR and CD results indicate that TMI and TM2 can associate in the presence of Ca2+ to form a complex similar to native CaM, even though the cleav... |
10850805 | Crystal structure of the antibiotic albomycin in complex with the outer membrane transporter FhuA. | One alternative method for drug delivery involves the use of siderophore-antibiotic conjugates. These compounds represent a specific means by which potent antimicrobial agents, covalently linked to iron-chelating siderophores, can be actively transported across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. These "Troja... |
10850802 | The energetics of phosphate binding to a protein complex. | The heat of binding the serine protease, porcine pancreatic elastase, by the inhibitor, turkey ovomucoid third domain, is dependent on the presence of inorganic phosphate. This dependence is saturable and can be accurately modeled as the phosphate binding to a single site on the protease-inhibitor complex; thus, the el... |
10850800 | Alternate modes of binding in two crystal structures of alkaline phosphatase-inhibitor complexes. | Two high resolution crystal structures of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the presence of phosphonate inhibitors are reported. The phosphonate compounds, phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) and mercaptomethylphosphonic acid (MMP), bind competitively to AP with dissociation constants of 5.5 and 0.6 mM, respectively... |
10850794 | The structure and dynamics in solution of Cu(I) pseudoazurin from Paracoccus pantotrophus. | The solution structure and backbone dynamics of Cu(I) pseudoazurin, a 123 amino acid electron transfer protein from Paracoccus pantotrophus, have been determined using NMR methods. The structure was calculated to high precision, with a backbone RMS deviation for secondary structure elements of 0.35+/-0.06 A, using 1,49... |
10844314 | [Ways to improve ocular bioavailability for topical applications]. | The anatomical, physiological and pharmacological properties of the eye explain the short pre-corneal residence time and the poor bioavailability of most eye-drop solutions. Many approaches have been proposed to increase ocular bioavailability of drugs. Most eye-drops include a viscosity agent in their formulation to s... |
10844095 | Kinetic characterization of the nitric oxide toxicity for PC12 cells: effect of half-life time of NO release. | We investigated the effects of low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) on cell viability using NO donors, (+/-)-(E)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hex enamid e (NOR1), (+/-)-(E)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide (NOR2), (+/-)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide (NOR... |
10847398 | Lesion characterization using vessel permeability map to new blood pool contrast agent calculated from dynamic magnetic resonance images. | Use of contrast enhancement in conjunction with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides a means to evaluate tissue function, as well as morphology. Moreover, physiologic properties derived from kinetic analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced data can improve the specificity of MR examinations. In this study, quantitativ... |
10845636 | Construction of alpha-helix peptides with beta-cyclodextrin and dansyl units and their conformational and molecular sensing properties. | In order to apply de novo peptide design to molecular sensing, we designed and synthesized a-helical peptides with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CDx) as a binding site and a dansyl unit (Dns) as a fluorescence sensing site. The conformational and molecular sensing properties of the peptides with beta-CDx and Dns in various p... |
10845631 | Rigid-rod beta-barrels as lipocalin models: probing confined space by carotenoid encapsulation. | Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, structure, and function of synthetic, supramolecular beta-barrel models. Assembly of octi(p-phenylene)s with complementary -Lys-Leu-Lys-NH2 and Glu-Leu-Glu-NH2 side chains yielded water-soluble rigid-rod beta-barrels of precise length and with flexible diameter. A hydrophobic ... |
10845552 | Interaction of three pradimicin derivatives with divalent cations in aqueous solution. | This study focused on further analysis of the aggregation behavior of pradimicin derivatives and their interaction with cations in aqueous solution. BMY was compared with two other pradimicin antibiotics (T2 and FB) with the same aglycone moiety but consisting of different substitute groups. The surface tension measure... |
10845362 | Imparting biomimetic ion-gating recognition properties to electrodes with a hydrogen-bonding structured core-shell nanoparticle network. | This paper presents findings of the creation of biomimetic ion-gating properties with core-shell nanoparticle network architectures. The architectures were formed by hydrogen-bonding linkages via an exchange-cross-linking-precipitation reaction pathway using gold nanoparticles capped with thiolate shell and alkylthiols... |
10839175 | Interaction of 4-hydroxybiphenyl with cyclodextrins: effect of complex structure on spectroscopic and photophysical properties. | The structures, spectroscopic and photophysical properties of the inclusion complexes between 4-OH-biphenyl and cyclodextrins (CD) in water were studied theoretically and experimentally. The complex structures were predicted using a dynamic Monte Carlo procedure including solvation effects and analyzed via computed and... |
10839121 | Factors determining the formation of complexes between alpha-cyclodextrin and alkylated substances in aqueous solutions: a calorimetric study at 25 degrees C. | The formation of complexes of alpha-cyclodextrin with cycloalkanediols, monoalkylamines and 1-alkanols has been studied calorimetrically at 25 degrees C in water, in phosphoric acid, pH 1.3, and in phosphate buffer, pH 5.5, respectively. When a complex is formed, calorimetry enables the calculation of both the enthalpy... |
10831616 | Observing FcepsilonRI signaling from the inside of the mast cell membrane. | We have determined the membrane topography of the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcstraightepsilonRI, and its associated tyrosine kinases, Lyn and Syk, by immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis of membrane sheets prepared from RBL-2H3 mast cells. The method of Sanan and Anderson (Sanan, D... |
10831613 | Polyglycylation of tubulin is essential and affects cell motility and division in Tetrahymena thermophila. | We analyzed the role of tubulin polyglycylation in Tetrahymena thermophila using in vivo mutagenesis and immunochemical analysis with modification-specific antibodies. Three and five polyglycylation sites were identified at glutamic acids near the COOH termini of alpha- and beta-tubulin, respectively. Mutants lacking a... |
10831604 | JIL-1, a chromosomal kinase implicated in regulation of chromatin structure, associates with the male specific lethal (MSL) dosage compensation complex. | JIL-1 is a novel chromosomal kinase that is upregulated almost twofold on the male X chromosome in Drosophila. Here we demonstrate that JIL-1 colocalizes and physically interacts with male specific lethal (MSL) dosage compensation complex proteins. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the MSL complex directed by MSL2 in ... |
10834716 | The value of gastric intramucosal pH in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in pediatric patients. | <h4>Objective</h4>To examine the usefulness of gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) to predict adverse events during the postoperative period after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective, observational clinical study.<h4>Setting</h4>Multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit, university hospital... |
10832896 | Preparation and characterization of calixarene-coated capillaries for capillary electrophoresis. | Preparation and characterization of calixarene-coated capillaries for capillary electrophoresis (CE) were exemplified with p-allylcalix[4]arene (pACX4) which was immobilized to the fused silica surface using gamma-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (gamma-MAPS) as linking agent. Successful gamma-ACX4 coating was sugge... |
10832895 | Simultaneous chiral separation of triadimefon and triadimenol by sulfated beta-cyclodextrin-mediated capillary electrophoresis. | Enantiomeric separation of two triazole fungicides, triadimefon and triadimenol, was investigated in sulfated beta-cyclodextrin (sulfated beta-CD)-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems. It was found that, at pH 2-4, sulfated beta-CD exhibited strong chiral recognition towards both triadimefon and triadimenol.... |
10832889 | Enantiomeric separation of a group of chiral dihydropyridines by electrokinetic chromatography. | Electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) was employed to achieve the enantiomeric separation of a group of chiral 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) with pharmacological activity. Micelles of bile salts alone or mixed with neutral cyclodextrins, micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixed with neutral cyclodextrins, and anionic... |
10832882 | A new absorbed coating for DNA fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis. | A fully automated coating procedure was devised based on adsorption of a new polymer, poly(dimethylacrylamide-co-allyl glycidyl ether) onto the capillary surface. The whole procedure takes less than 30 min and does not require the use of organic solvents, viscous solutions, or elevated temperature. The coating is stabl... |
10825545 | Molecular characterization of a dimeric intracellular maltogenic amylase of Bacillus subtilis SUH4-2. | An additional amylase besides the typical alpha-amylase was detected in the cytoplasm of Bacillus subtilis SUH4-2, an isolate from Korean soil. The corresponding gene encoded a maltogenic amylase, which hydrolyzed cyclodextrin or starch to maltose and glucose; pullulan to panose; acarbose to glucose and acarviosine-glu... |
10825529 | Structure, specificity and function of cyclomaltodextrinase, a multispecific enzyme of the alpha-amylase family. | Cyclomaltodextrinase (CDase, EC 3.2.1.54), maltogenic amylase (EC 3. 2.1.133), and neopullulanase (EC 3.2.1.135) are reported to be capable of hydrolyzing all or two of the following three types of substrates: cyclomaltodextrins (CDs); pullulan; and starch. These enzymes hydrolyze CDs and starch to maltose and pullulan... |
10811915 | Bruchins: insect-derived plant regulators that stimulate neoplasm formation. | Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L.) oviposition on pods of specific genetic lines of pea (Pisum sativum L.) stimulates cell division at the sites of egg attachment. As a result, tumor-like growths of undifferentiated cells (neoplasms) develop beneath the egg. These neoplasms impede larval entry into the pod. This unique fo... |
10823958 | Direct activation of capsaicin receptors by products of lipoxygenases: endogenous capsaicin-like substances. | Capsaicin, a pungent ingredient of hot peppers, causes excitation of small sensory neurons, and thereby produces severe pain. A nonselective cation channel activated by capsaicin has been identified in sensory neurons and a cDNA encoding the channel has been cloned recently. However, an endogenous activator of the rece... |
10823948 | Cholesterol-dependent clustering of IL-2Ralpha and its colocalization with HLA and CD48 on T lymphoma cells suggest their functional association with lipid rafts. | Immunogold staining and electron microscopy show that IL-2 receptor alpha-subunits exhibit nonrandom surface distribution on human T lymphoma cells. Analysis of interparticle distances reveals that this clustering on the scale of a few hundred nanometers is independent of the presence of IL-2 and of the expression of t... |
10811889 | Effective inhibition of human cytomegalovirus gene expression and replication by a ribozyme derived from the catalytic RNA subunit of RNase P from Escherichia coli. | A sequence-specific ribozyme (M1GS RNA) derived from the catalytic RNA subunit of RNase P from Escherichia coli was used to target the overlapping exon 3 region of the mRNAs encoding the major transcription regulatory proteins IE1 and IE2 of human cytomegalovirus. A reduction of more than 80% in the expression levels o... |
10821652 | Self-assembled peptides exposing epitopes recognizable by human lymphoma cells. | A bifunctional N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer containing nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and benzophenone (BP) groups was synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of HPMA, 2-methacrylamidobutyl nitrilotriacetic acid (MABNTA), and 4-methacrylamido benzophenone (MABP) using 2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitril... |
10821697 | Role of beta Arg211 in the active site of human beta-hexosaminidase B. | Tay-Sachs or Sandhoff disease results from a deficiency of either the alpha- or the beta-subunits of beta-hexosaminidase A, respectively. These evolutionarily related subunits have been grouped with the "Family 20" glycosidases. Molecular modeling of human hexosaminidase has been carried out on the basis of the three-d... |
10821672 | Rational design of femtomolar inhibitors of isoleucyl tRNA synthetase from a binding model for pseudomonic acid-A. | This paper describes the design and characterization of novel inhibitors of IleRS, whose binding affinity approaches the tightest reported for noncovalent inhibition. Compounds were designed from a binding model for the natural product pseudomonic acid-A (PS-A) together with a detailed understanding of the reaction cyc... |
10823700 | Effects of aging on crystallization, dissolution and absorption characteristics of amorphous tolbutamide-2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complex. | The effects of storage on the crystallization, dissolution and absorption of tolbutamide from amorphous tolbutamide-2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) complex were investigated, in comparison with those of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solid dispersion. The amorphous solid complex of tolbutamide with HP-beta-... |
10823696 | Modification of the physicochemical properties of minocycline hydrochloride ointment with cyclodextrines for optimum treatment of bedsore. | Modification to find the best physicochemical properties of minocycline hydrochloride ointment for optimum treatment of bedsore was investigated by coformulating various types of cyclodextrins (CyD) in the ointment base. It was found that the drug release rate from the ointment base was modified according to the prepar... |
10773090 | Hemicatenanes form upon inhibition of DNA replication. | Plasmid DNA incubated in interphase Xenopus egg extracts is normally assembled into chromatin and then into synthetic nuclei which undergo one round of regulated replication. During a study of restriction endonuclease cut plasmid replication intermediates (RIs) by the Brewer-Fangman 2D gel electrophoresis technique, we... |
10773072 | Domain specific interaction in the XRCC1-DNA polymerase beta complex. | XRCC1 (X-ray cross-complementing group 1) is a DNA repair protein that forms complexes with DNA polymerase beta (beta-Pol), DNA ligase III and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in the repair of DNA single strand breaks. The domains in XRCC1 have been determined, and characterization of the domain-domain interaction in the XRC... |
10818791 | Structural transformation among the aggregate forms of bacteriochlorophyll c as determined by electronic-absorption and NMR spectroscopies: dependence on the stereoisomeric configuration and on the bulkiness of the 8-C side chain. | Transformation among the aggregate forms of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c characterized by the wavelength of the Qy absorption, i.e. the dimer (B675), B705, B720 and B745, was traced by electronic-absorption spectroscopy for each of the isomers including R[E,E], R[P,E], R[I,E], S[P,E] and S[I,E] suspended in the mixture... |
10818702 | Making blind robots see: the synergy between fluorescent dyes and imaging devices in automated proteomics. | Proteomics investigations endeavor to provide a global understanding of gene product synthesis rate, degradation rate, functional competence, posttranslational modification, subcellular distribution and physical interactions with other cell components. Protein expression encompasses an enormous dynamic range. Since rar... |
10814462 | Palladium(0)-catalyzed cyclization reaction of polymer-supported aryl iodides with 1,2-allenyl carboxylic acids. A facile solid-phase synthesis of butenolides. | [reaction--see text] Aryl iodides anchored to Merrifield resin via the linkages between a carboxyl, hydroxyl, or hydroxymethyl group and the benzylic chloride moiety in the resin reacted efficiently with 1,2-allenic carboxylic acids under the catalysis of Pd(0) to afford polymer-supported butenolides. Polysubstituted b... |
10813873 | Electron and proton reservoir complexes: thermodynamic basis for C-H activation and applications in redox and dendrimer chemistry. | This Account focuses on fundamental aspects and applications of the concept of "electron and proton reservoirs". Permethylated electron reservoir iron sandwich complexes, which were known to be excellent reducing agents in their neutral 19e Fe(I) form, have recently been shown to be stable strong oxidants in their dica... |
10814195 | Synthesis of functionalized chiral carbocyclic cleft molecules complementary to Tröger's base derivatives. | The synthesis of optically pure functionalized cleft molecules derived from dibenzobicyclo[b,f][3.3.1]nona-5a,6a-diene-6,12-dione is reported. These clefts are reminiscent of Tröger's base but contain clefts with different dimensions and additional carbonyl (or alcohol) groups that may be utilized in molecular recognit... |
10814180 | Synthesis and characterization of pyridine-based polyamido-polyester optically active macrocycles and enantiomeric recognition for D- and L-amino acid methyl ester hydrochloride. | Five new chiral macrocycles, 3a-e, have been prepared by the acylation cyclization of chiral diamine dihydrobromide intermediates 2a-c with 2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl dichloride in highly diluted solution at room temperature. The chiral diesters 1a-c needed for the preparation of the macrocycles were obtained from condensa... |
10811861 | Suppression of tumorigenicity in breast cancer cells by the microfilament protein profilin 1. | Differential display screening was used to reveal differential gene expression between the tumorigenic breast cancer cell line CAL51 and nontumorigenic microcell hybrids obtained after transfer of human chromosome 17 into CAL51. The human profilin 1 (PFN1) gene was found overexpressed in the microcell hybrid clones com... |
10811824 | DNA dendrimers localize MyoD mRNA in presomitic tissues of the chick embryo. | MyoD expression is thought to be induced in somites in response to factors released by surrounding tissues; however, reverse transcription-PCR and cell culture analyses indicate that myogenic cells are present in the embryo before somite formation. Fluorescently labeled DNA dendrimers were used to identify MyoD express... |
10816013 | The conformational characteristics of Congo red, Evans blue and Trypan blue. | The structures of the closely related bis-azo dyes Evans blue, Trypan blue and Congo red, which appeared to have different self-assembly properties and correspondingly different abilities to form complexes with amyloids and some other proteins, were compared in this work. Ab initio and semi-empirical methods were used ... |
10801957 | Function and mechanism of zinc metalloenzymes. | Zinc is required for the activity of > 300 enzymes, covering all six classes of enzymes. Zinc binding sites in proteins are often distorted tetrahedral or trigonal bipyramidal geometry, made up of the sulfur of cysteine, the nitrogen of histidine or the oxygen of aspartate and glutamate, or a combination. Zinc in prote... |
10811611 | Hsp47: a molecular chaperone that interacts with and stabilizes correctly-folded procollagen. | Hsp47 is a heat-shock protein that interacts transiently with procollagen during its folding, assembly and transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of mammalian cells. It has been suggested to carry out a diverse range of functions, such as acting as a molecular chaperone facilitating the folding and assembly of p... |
10809739 | Hyaluronan anchoring and regulation on the surface of vascular endothelial cells is mediated through the functionally active form of CD44. | CD44 on lymphocytes binding to its carbohydrate ligand hyaluronan can mediate primary adhesion (rolling interactions) of lymphocytes on vascular endothelial cells. This adhesion pathway is utilized in the extravasation of activated T cells from the blood into sites of inflammation and therefore influences patterns of l... |
10806244 | Purification, enzymatic characterization, and nucleotide sequence of a high-isoelectric-point alpha-glucosidase from barley malt. | High-isoelectric-point (pI) alpha-glucosidase was purified 7, 300-fold from an extract of barley (Hordeum vulgare) malt by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange, and butyl-Sepharose chromatography. The enzyme had high activity toward maltose (k(cat) = 25 s(-1)), with an optimum at pH 4.5, and catalyzed the hydro... |
10806400 | Cloning, overexpression and mutagenesis of cDNA encoding dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase component of the porcine 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. | Dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2o) is the structural and catalytic core of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) complex. The cDNA encoding porcine E2o (PE2o) has been cloned. The PE2o cDNA spans 2547 bases encoding a presequence (68 amino-acid residues) and a mature protein (387 residues, Mr = 41 534). Recom... |
10805799 | Crystal structure of a Staphylococcus aureus protein A domain complexed with the Fab fragment of a human IgM antibody: structural basis for recognition of B-cell receptors and superantigen activity. | Staphylococcus aureus produces a virulence factor, protein A (SpA), that contains five homologous Ig-binding domains. The interactions of SpA with the Fab region of membrane-anchored Igs can stimulate a large fraction of B cells, contributing to lymphocyte clonal selection. To understand the molecular basis for this ac... |
10792034 | The long-range supraorganization of the bacterial photosynthetic unit: A key role for PufX. | Bacterial photosynthesis relies on the interplay between light harvesting and electron transfer complexes, all of which are located within the intracytoplasmic membrane. These complexes capture and transfer solar energy, which is used to generate a proton gradient. In this study, we identify one of the factors that det... |
10792037 | Conversion of a c type cytochrome to a b type that spontaneously forms in vitro from apo protein and heme: implications for c type cytochrome biogenesis and folding. | Cytochrome c(552) from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus, a thermophilic bacterium, has been converted into a b type cytochrome, after mutagenesis of both heme-binding cysteines to alanine and expression in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. The b type variant is less stable, with the guanidine hydrochloride unfolding midpo... |
10805776 | Assembly of tau protein into Alzheimer paired helical filaments depends on a local sequence motif ((306)VQIVYK(311)) forming beta structure. | We have searched for a minimal interaction motif in tau protein that supports the aggregation into Alzheimer-like paired helical filaments. Digestion of the repeat domain with different proteases yields a GluC-induced fragment comprising 43 residues (termed PHF43), which represents the third repeat of tau plus some fla... |
10805768 | Selective disruption of protein aggregation by cyclodextrin dimers. | Beta-cyclodextrin (CD) dimers (n = 11) were synthesized and tested against eight enzymes, seven of which were dimeric or tetrameric, for inhibitor activity. Initial screening showed that only L-lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were inhibited but only by two specific CD dimers in which two beta-CDs were linked... |
10804216 | Olivocerebellar climbing fibers in the granuloprival cerebellum: morphological study of individual axonal projections in the X-irradiated rat. | Elimination of cerebellar granule cells early during postnatal development produces abnormal neural organization that retains immature characteristics in the adult, including innervation of each Purkinje cell by multiple climbing fibers from the inferior olive. To elucidate mechanisms underlying development of the oliv... |
10805663 | Anatomy, physiology, and synaptic responses of rat layer V auditory cortical cells and effects of intracellular GABA(A) blockade. | The varied extracortical targets of layer V make it an important site for cortical processing and output, which may be regulated by differences in the pyramidal neurons found there. Two populations of projection neurons, regular spiking (RS) and intrinsic bursting (IB), have been identified in layer V of some sensory c... |
10802735 | Structure of Cdc42 bound to the GTPase binding domain of PAK. | The Rho family GTPases, Cdc42, Rac and Rho, regulate signal transduction pathways via interactions with downstream effector proteins. We report here the solution structure of Cdc42 bound to the GTPase binding domain of alphaPAK, an effector of both Cdc42 and Rac. The structure is compared with those of Cdc42 bound to s... |
10801346 | Geometry of site alignment during int family recombination: antiparallel synapsis by the Flp recombinase. | The Flp site-specific recombinase functions in the copy number amplification of the yeast 2 microm plasmid. The recombination reaction is catalyzed by four monomers of Flp bound to two separate, but identical, recombination sites (FRT sites) and occurs in two sequential pairs of strand exchanges. The relative orientati... |
10803658 | Kinetic behavior of three preparations of alpha-tocopherol after oral administration to postpubertal heifers. | <h4>Objective</h4>To assess the kinetic behavior of 3 preparations of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) after oral administration to heifers.<h4>Animals</h4>8 postpubertal Friesian heifers.<h4>Procedure</h4>A single oral bolus of 5,000 U of alpha-tocopherol in oil or encapsulated in liposomes or cyclodextrin was administere... |
10794689 | Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained glucagon analogues. | Glucagon was systematically modified by forming lactam bridges within the central region of the molecule to give conformationally constrained cyclic analogues. Six cyclic glucagon analogues have been designed and synthesized. They are c[Asp(9),Lys(12)][Lys(17,18), Glu(21)]glucagon-NH(2) (1), c[Asp(9),Lys(12)]glucagon-N... |
10794728 | Designing transthyretin mutants affecting tetrameric structure: implications in amyloidogenicity. | The molecular mechanisms that convert soluble transthyretin (TTR) tetramers into insoluble amyloid fibrils are still unknown; dissociation of the TTR tetramer is a pre-requisite for amyloid formation in vitro and involvement of monomers and/or dimers in fibril formation has been suggested by structural studies. We have... |
10794727 | Identification of amino acids imparting acceptor substrate selectivity to human arylamine acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2. | The human arylamine N-acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2 catalyse the acetyl-CoA-dependent N- and O-acetylation of primary arylamine and hydrazine xenobiotics and their N-hydroxylated metabolites. We previously used a panel of recombinant NAT1/NAT2 chimaeric proteins to identify linear amino acid segments that have roles... |
10794716 | Mutational analysis of Lys65 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. | Amino acid Lys(65) is part of the highly flexible beta3-beta4 loop in the fingers domain of the 66 kDa subunit of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT). Recent crystal data show that the epsilon-amino group of Lys(65) interacts with the gamma-phosphate of the bound deoxynucleoside triph... |
10793143 | Identification and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc6 DNA-binding properties. | Recent studies have shown that Cdc6 is an essential regulator in the formation of DNA replication complexes. However, the biochemical nature of the Cdc6 molecule is still largely unknown. In this report, we present evidence that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc6 protein is a double-stranded DNA-binding protein. First, ... |
10793137 | Hsp90 is essential for the synthesis and subsequent membrane association, but not the maintenance, of the Src-kinase p56(lck). | Tyrosine kinases of the Src family are synthesized as cytosolic proteins that subsequently translocate to membranes. Little is known of the mechanisms responsible for targeting these proteins to membranes, although a role for the cytosolic chaperone Hsp90 has been proposed. Here, we have studied the involvement of Hsp9... |
10793134 | Nuclear matrix-like filaments and fibrogranular complexes form through the rearrangement of specific nuclear ribonucleoproteins. | The behavior of nuclear pre-mRNA-binding proteins after their nuclease and/or salt-induced release from RNA was investigated. After RNase digestion or salt extraction, two proteins that initially exist as tetramers (A2)(3)B1 in isolated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes quantitatively reassociat... |
10793131 | Identification of a novel member of the chloride intracellular channel gene family (CLIC5) that associates with the actin cytoskeleton of placental microvilli. | The chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) gene family has been implicated in chloride ion transport within various subcellular compartments. We report here the molecular, biochemical, and cellular characterization of a new member of this gene family termed CLIC5. CLIC5 was isolated from extracts of placental microvilli... |
10793060 | Regulation of tissue injury responses by the exposure of matricryptic sites within extracellular matrix molecules. | Extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to provide signals controlling cell shape, migration, proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and survival. Recent data shows that some of these signals are derived from biologically active cryptic sites within matrix molecules (matricryptic sites) that are revealed after stru... |
10791972 | Association of yeast RNA polymerase I with a nucleolar substructure active in rRNA synthesis and processing. | A novel ribonucleoprotein complex enriched in nucleolar proteins was purified from yeast extracts and constituents were identified by mass spectrometry. When isolated from rapidly growing cells, the assembly contained ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase (pol) I, and some of its transcription factors like TATA-binding pro... |
10790375 | Measuring motion on DNA by the type I restriction endonuclease EcoR124I using triplex displacement. | The type I restriction enzyme EcoR124I cleaves DNA following extensive linear translocation dependent upon ATP hydrolysis. Using protein-directed displacement of a DNA triplex, we have determined the kinetics of one-dimensional motion without the necessity of measuring DNA or ATP hydrolysis. The triplex was pre-formed ... |
10788325 | Altering molecular recognition of RNA aptamers by allosteric selection. | In a continuing effort to explore structural and functional dynamics in RNA catalysis, we have created a series of allosteric hammerhead ribozymes that are activated by theophylline. Representative ribozymes exhibit greater than 3000-fold activation upon effector-binding and cleave with maximum rate constants that are ... |
10790135 | Growth supplements for Helicobacter pylori. | The growth response of Helicobacter pylori in broth was determined in the presence of ferrous sulfate, sodium pyruvate, and mucin (porcine stomach). The addition of either ferrous sulfate and sodium pyruvate or mucin to brain heart infusion broth with 7% horse serum (BHI-HS) enhanced the growth of H. pylori. The best g... |
10790194 | Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins: versatile circular dichroic reporter groups for structural studies. | During the last few years, porphyrins and metalloporphyrins have attracted widespread attention as chromophores for studies in circular dichroism (CD), an indispensable chiroptical tool for monitoring chiral interactions. This review summarizes the multifaceted properties of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins, powerful C... |
10783285 | A solid-state NMR index of helical membrane protein structure and topology. | The secondary structure and topology of membrane proteins can be described by inspection of two-dimensional (1)H-(15)N dipolar coupling/(15)N chemical shift polarization inversion spin exchange at the magic angle spectra obtained from uniformly (15)N-labeled samples in oriented bilayers. The characteristic wheel-like p... |
10783363 | Enhancement of zona binding using 2-hydroxypropyl- beta-cyclodextrin. | Since membrane cholesterol depletion is known to play an important role in sperm capacitation, we have investigated the effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, a cyclic oligosaccharide that mediates cholesterol efflux, on sperm functions. Sperm treatment with cyclodextrin did not affect the motility patterns but i... |
10781552 | Expression of uptake hydrogenase and molybdenum nitrogenase in Rhodobacter capsulatus is coregulated by the RegB-RegA two-component regulatory system. | Purple photosynthetic bacteria are capable of generating cellular energy from several sources, including photosynthesis, respiration, and H(2) oxidation. Under nutrient-limiting conditions, cellular energy can be used to assimilate carbon and nitrogen. This study provides the first evidence of a molecular link for the ... |
10781547 | Purification and characterization of the R64 shufflon-specific recombinase. | The shufflon, a multiple DNA inversion system in plasmid R64, consists of four invertible DNA segments which are separated and flanked by seven 19-bp repeat sequences. The product of a site-specific recombinase gene, rci, promotes site-specific recombination between any two of the inverted 19-bp repeat sequences of the... |
10779780 | Molecular mechanisms of target recognition in an innate immune system: interactions among factor H, C3b, and target in the alternative pathway of human complement. | In the alternative pathway of complement (APC) factor H is the primary control factor involved in discrimination between potential pathogens. The APC deposits C3b on possible Ags, and the interaction with factor H determines whether the initial C3b activates the APC. Factor H is composed of a linear array of 20 homolog... |
10777768 | Chiral discotic columnar germs of nucleosome core particles. | In concentrated solution and in the presence of high concentrations of monovalent cations, nucleosome core particles order into a discotic columnar mesophase. This phase is limited to finite-sized hexagonal germs that further divide into six coiled branches, following an iterative process. We show how the structure of ... |
10777765 | Conformational transitions in model silk peptides. | Protein structural transitions and beta-sheet formation are a common problem both in vivo and in vitro and are of critical relevance in disparate areas such as protein processing and beta-amyloid and prion behavior. Silks provide a "databank" of well-characterized polymorphic sequences, acting as a window onto structur... |
10777751 | Structural changes induced by binding of the high-mobility group I protein to a mouse satellite DNA sequence. | Using spectroscopic methods, we have studied the structural changes induced in both protein and DNA upon binding of the High-Mobility Group I (HMG-I) protein to a 21-bp sequence derived from mouse satellite DNA. We show that these structural changes depend on the stoichiometry of the protein/DNA complexes formed, as de... |
10777725 | Cell property determination from the acoustic microscope generated voltage versus frequency curves. | Among the methods for the determination of mechanical properties of living cells acoustic microscopy provides some extraordinary advantages. It is relatively fast, of excellent spatial resolution and of minimal invasiveness. Sound velocity is a measure of the stiffness or Young's modulus of the cell. Attenuation of cyt... |
10775599 | Influenza virus assembly and lipid raft microdomains: a role for the cytoplasmic tails of the spike glycoproteins. | Influenza viruses encoding hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins with deletions in one or both cytoplasmic tails (HAt- or NAt-) have a reduced association with detergent-insoluble glycolipids (DIGs). Mutations which eliminated various combinations of the three palmitoylation sites in HA exhibited redu... |
10775437 | Characterization of a structural model of membrane bound cytochrome c-550 from Bacillus subtilis. | A structural model of Bacillus subtilis cytochrome c-550 has been built based upon hydropathy analysis, sequence alignment, homology modeling, and energy minimization. The model has a single transmembrane alpha-helix and a water-soluble domain folded around covalently attached heme C. Physical measurements on purified,... |
10773027 | Nitric oxide redox species exert differential permeability effects on the blood-brain barrier. | Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system is suspected to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies showed that excessive central nervous system NO increased the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during experimental meningitis. The present work hypothesizes tha... |
10772864 | Crystal structure of cancer chemopreventive Bowman-Birk inhibitor in ternary complex with bovine trypsin at 2.3 A resolution. Structural basis of Janus-faced serine protease inhibitor specificity. | Understanding molecular recognition on a structural basis is an objective with broad academic and applied significance. In the complexes of serine proteases and their proteinaceous inhibitors, recognition is governed mainly by residue P1 in accord with primary serine protease specificity. The bifunctional soybean Bowma... |
10769172 | Purification and characterization of a Baeyer-Villiger mono-oxygenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 involved in three different monocyclic monoterpene degradation pathways. | A Baeyer-Villiger mono-oxygenase (BVMO), catalysing the NADPH- and oxygen-dependent oxidation of the monocyclic monoterpene ketones 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, dihydrocarvone and menthone, was purified to homogeneity from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14. Monocyclic monoterpene ketone mono-oxygenase (MMKMO) is a monomeric e... |
10769167 | Identification of a C-terminal cdc25 sequence required for promotion of germinal vesicle breakdown. | Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-cdc25B(31-566) induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) when microinjected into Xenopus oocytes. Purified, N-terminally truncated forms of cdc25B did not induce GVBD, even though many had phosphatase activity and activated cdc2 in vitro. N-terminally truncated forms of cdc25B inhibited ... |
10770745 | SCH 56592, amphotericin B, or itraconazole therapy of experimental murine cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Ramichloridium obovoideum ("Ramichloridium mackenziei"). | Ramichloridium obovoideum ("Ramichloridium makenziei") is a rare cause of lethal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. It has been, so far, geographically restricted to the Middle East. BALB/c mice were inoculated with two strains of R. obovoideum intracranially. Therapy with amphotericin B, itraconazole, or the investigational ... |
10767598 | Evaluation of absorption enhancement for a potent cyclopeptidic alpha(nu)beta(3)-antagonist in a human intestinal cell line (Caco-2). | Different absorption enhancing principles for a potent cyclopeptidic alpha(nu)beta(3)-antagonist (EMD 121974) were investigated in monolayers of a human intestinal cell line (Caco-2). Transepithelial transport was quantitated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Cytotoxic effects were characterized... |
10767596 | A lipid carrier with a membrane active component and a small complex size are required for efficient cellular delivery of anti-sense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. | Anti-sense oligonucleotides are potential therapeutic agents that are used to block protein expression from mRNA. To assess the essential properties for an efficient cellular delivery system of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PS-ODNs), different cationic carriers were compared. The carriers were complexed with oligo... |
10768985 | Humanized in vivo model for streptococcal impetigo. | An in vivo model for group A streptococcal (GAS) impetigo was developed, whereby human neonatal foreskin engrafted onto SCID mice was superficially damaged and bacteria were topically applied. Severe infection, indicated by a purulent exudate, could be induced with as few as 1,000 CFU of a virulent strain. Early findin... |
10768955 | Functional flexibility of the FimH adhesin: insights from a random mutant library. | Type 1 fimbriae are surface organelles of Escherichia coli which mediate D-mannose-sensitive binding to different host surfaces. This binding is conferred by the minor fimbrial component FimH. Naturally occurring variants of the FimH protein have been selected in nature for their ability to recognize specific receptor ... |
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