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10782866 | Phase I trial of interleukin-2 and high-dose arginine butyrate in metastatic colorectal cancer. | <h4>Introduction</h4>Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and sodium butyrate allow rats to be cured of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colon cancer. We performed a phase I trial of IL-2 and high-dose arginine butyrate (ArgB) in patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer.<h4>Patients and methods</h4>From April to July 1997, si... |
10782676 | Cyclodextrin-peptide hybrid as a hydrolytic catalyst having multiple functional groups. | A designed cyclodextrin peptide hybrid, which has multiple functional groups on its alpha-helix peptide backbone, has been synthesized as a catalyst for ester hydrolysis. Kinetic study revealed that the carboxylate group plays a key role in this system. |
10780593 | NISS predicts postinjury multiple organ failure better than the ISS. | <h4>Background</h4>The Injury Severity Score (ISS) has been observed consistently to be a robust predictor of postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF). However, the ISS fails to account for multiple injuries to the same body region. Recently, the "new" ISS (NISS) has been proposed to address this shortcoming. Preliminar... |
10777592 | Reversible transdominant inhibition of a metabolic pathway. In vivo evidence of interaction between two sequential tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in yeast. | The enzymes of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle in mitochondria are proposed to form a supramolecular complex, in which there is channeling of intermediates between enzyme active sites. While interactions have been demonstrated in vitro between most of the sequential tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, no direct eviden... |
10777535 | Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli secretes active heat-labile enterotoxin via outer membrane vesicles. | Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles during normal growth. Vesicles may contribute to bacterial pathogenicity by serving as vehicles for toxins to encounter host cells. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) vesicles were isolated from culture supernatants and purified on velocity g... |
10775262 | Supercomplexes in the respiratory chains of yeast and mammalian mitochondria. | Around 30-40 years after the first isolation of the five complexes of oxidative phosphorylation from mammalian mitochondria, we present data that fundamentally change the paradigm of how the yeast and mammalian system of oxidative phosphorylation is organized. The complexes are not randomly distributed within the inner... |
10771073 | Effect of a neuroactive steroid infused into the cerebral ventricles of fetal sheep in utero using small infusion volumes. | Placental progesterone metabolites may influence fetal behaviour during late gestation. We have investigated the effect of the neuroactive metabolite, pregnanolone, on the sleep/awake behaviour of fetal sheep. These studies can only be effectively performed in unanesthetized animals with chronically implanted leads and... |
10774795 | Specific augmentation of plantar skin blood flow by lipo-PGE1 assessed in tetrodotoxin- and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-treated rats. | 1Vasodilating effects of prostaglandin E1 incorporated in lipid microspheres (lipo-PGE1) were compared with those of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or its cyclodextrin clathrated preparation (PGE1-CD) on plantar skin blood flow in rats treated with tetrodotoxin and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). Tetrodotoxin (50 microg/kg, i.... |
10767571 | Membrane penetration enhancement of ibuprofen using supersaturation. | Permeation enhancement of ibuprofen from supersaturated solutions formed using the cosolvent technique was investigated using silicone as a model membrane. Hydroxpropyl methyl cellulose and hydroxpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin were used to stabilise the supersaturated states. Physical stability studies showed best results fo... |
10769038 | The glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored adhesion molecule F3/contactin is required for surface transport of paranodin/contactin-associated protein (caspr). | Paranodin/contactin-associated protein (caspr) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the neurexin superfamily that is highly enriched in the paranodal regions of myelinated axons. We have investigated the role of its association with F3/contactin, a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored neuronal adhesion molecule o... |
10767415 | Scorpine, an anti-malaria and anti-bacterial agent purified from scorpion venom. | A novel peptide, scorpine, was isolated from the venom of the scorpion Pandinus imperator, with anti-bacterial activity and a potent inhibitory effect on the ookinete (ED(50) 0.7 microM) and gamete (ED(50) 10 microM) stages of Plasmodium berghei development. It has 75 amino acids, three disulfide bridges with a molecul... |
10764640 | Translating biomolecular recognition into nanomechanics. | We report the specific transduction, via surface stress changes, of DNA hybridization and receptor-ligand binding into a direct nanomechanical response of microfabricated cantilevers. Cantilevers in an array were functionalized with a selection of biomolecules. The differential deflection of the cantilevers was found t... |
10764589 | Structure, stability and function of RNA pseudoknots involved in stimulating ribosomal frameshifting. | Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting has become the subject of increasing interest over the last several years, due in part to the ubiquitous nature of this translational recoding mechanism in pathogenic animal and plant viruses. All cis-acting frameshift signals encoded in mRNAs are minimally composed of two function... |
10766822 | Assembly of Trp1 in a signaling complex associated with caveolin-scaffolding lipid raft domains. | Trp1 has been proposed as a component of the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOC) channel. However, neither the molecular mechanism of SOC nor the role of Trp in this process is yet understood. We have examined possible molecular interactions involved in the regulation of SOC and Trp1 and report here for the first time th... |
10766788 | Identification of the proximal ligand His-20 in heme oxygenase (Hmu O) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Oxidative cleavage of the heme macrocycle does not require the proximal histidine. | The coordination and spin-state of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae heme oxygenase (Hmu O) and the proximal Hmu O H20A mutant have been characterized by UV-visible and resonance Raman (RR) spectrophotometry. At neutral pH the ferric heme-Hmu O complex is a mixture of six-coordinate high spin and six-coordinate low spin ... |
10766735 | Distinct protein interaction domains and protein spreading in a complex centromere. | Fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) centromeres are composed of large (40-100 kb) inverted repeats that display heterochromatic features, thus providing a good model for higher eukaryotic centromeres. The association of three proteins that mediate region-specific silencing across centromere 1 has been mapped by q... |
10766375 | Enantiomeric separation of an aryloxyphenoxypropanoic acid by CE and LC. | A capillary electrophoresis (CE) and an high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chiral separation have been developed for an aryloxyphenoxypropanoic acid, 2-[4-[(7-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid, a new antitumor agent. The racemic mixture is analyzed, without derivatization, as the free acids. T... |
10766374 | Validation of a method for the determination of (R)-warfarin and (S)-warfarin in human plasma using LC with UV detection. | A sensitive and selective chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of (R)-warfarin and (S)-warfarin in human plasma. (R)- and (S)-warfarin and the internal standard (oxybenzone) were extracted from human plasma that had been made acidic with 1 N sulfuric acid into ... |
10763260 | Amperometric detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin by redox diacetylenic vesicles on a sol-gel thin-film electrode. | Supramolecular assemblies (bilayer vesicles) prepared from ferrocenic diacetylene lipid and the cell surface receptor ganglioside GM1 are utilized to construct an amperometric biosensor for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin on a sol-gel thin-film electrode. The bilayer vesicles adsorbed on the sol-gel film provi... |
10725403 | Destabilization of osteogenesis imperfecta collagen-like model peptides correlates with the identity of the residue replacing glycine. | Mutations resulting in replacement of one obligate Gly residue within the repeating (Gly-Xaa-Yaa)(n) triplet pattern of the collagen type I triple helix are the major cause of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Phenotypes of OI involve fragile bones and range from mild to perinatal lethal. In this study, host-guest triple-h... |
10759550 | Cadherin interaction probed by atomic force microscopy. | Single molecule atomic force microscopy was used to characterize structure, binding strength (unbinding force), and binding kinetics of a classical cadherin, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, secreted by transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells as cis-dimerized full-length external domain fused to Fc-portion of human ... |
10760267 | Reversal of charge selectivity in transmembrane protein pores by using noncovalent molecular adapters. | In this study, the charge selectivity of staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin (alphaHL), a bacterial pore-forming toxin, is manipulated by using cyclodextrins as noncovalent molecular adapters. Anion-selective versions of alphaHL, including the wild-type pore and various mutants, become more anion selective when beta-cyclode... |
10760257 | Targeted inhibition of transcription elongation in cells mediated by triplex-forming oligonucleotides. | Triple-helix-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) bind in the major groove of double-stranded DNA at oligopyrimidine small middle dotoligopurine sequences and therefore are candidate molecules for artificial gene regulation, in vitro and in vivo. We recently have described oligonucleotide analogues containing N3'-P5' phosph... |
10759544 | Reevaluation of the accepted allosteric mechanism of phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. | The binding of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the single allosteric site on phosphofructokinase (EC ) from Bacillus stearothermophilus (BsPFK) diminishes the ability of the enzyme to bind the substrate fructose 6-phosphate (Fru-6-P). Comparisons of crystal structures with either Fru-6-P or phosphoglycolate, an analog of ... |
10758000 | Efflux of cholesterol from different cellular pools. | Free cholesterol is very efficiently removed from cells by 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins. The efflux of cholesterol occurs from two distinct kinetic pools: the half-times (t(1/2)) for the two pools in CHO-K1 cells are 15 +/- 5 s and 21 +/- 6 min and they represent 25% +/- 5% and 75% +/- 5% of the readily exchangea... |
10762052 | Beta-cyclodextrin/epoxysuccinyl peptide conjugates: a new drug targeting system for tumor cells. | Beta-cyclodextrin is known to form inclusion complexes with hydrophobic drugs. Several tumor cell lines are known to secrete and/or contain membrane-associated cathepsin B which is possibly involved in invasion and metastasis. Based on these information, our recently developed endo-epoxysuccinyl peptide inhibitor MeO-G... |
10756107 | Aminoglycoside binding in the major groove of duplex RNA: the thermodynamic and electrostatic forces that govern recognition. | We use a combination of spectroscopic, calorimetric, viscometric and computer modeling techniques to characterize the binding of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, tobramycin, to the polymeric RNA duplex, poly(rI).poly(rC), which exhibits the characteristic A-type conformation that is conserved among natural and synthetic ... |
10757880 | The torpedo electrocyte: a model system to study membrane-cytoskeleton interactions at the postsynaptic membrane. | Many aspects of the organization of the electromotor synapse of electric fish resemble the nerve-muscle junction. In particular, the postsynaptic membrane in both systems share most of their proteins. As a remarquable source of cholinergic synapses, the Torpedo electrocyte model has served to identify the most importan... |
10753813 | Theoretical studies of viral capsid proteins. | Recent results in structural biology and increases in computer power have prompted initial theoretical studies on capsids of nonenveloped icosahedral viruses. The macromolecular assembly of 60 to 180 protein copies into a protein shell results in a structure of considerable size for molecular dynamics simulations. None... |
10753725 | Comparison of two single-chain antibodies that neutralize canine parvovirus: analysis of an antibody-combining site and mechanisms of neutralization. | We cloned the heavy- and light-chain variable domains of two monoclonal antibodies that recognize each of the two major neutralizing antigenic sites of the canine parvovirus (CPV) capsid. After expression in Escherichia coli as single-chain variable domains (scFv) with glycine-serine linker sequences, both scFv bound C... |
10757165 | Structural analysis of chromophore-labeled disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry using ion trap mass spectrometry. | Disaccharides tagged with p-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) were separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and analyzed on-line with negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS). The formation of glycosylamine instead of reductive amination was selected as the derivatization reaction. In negative... |
10753126 | Motility powered by supramolecular springs and ratchets. | Not all biological movements are caused by molecular motors sliding along filaments or tubules. Just as springs and ratchets can store or release energy and rectify motion in physical systems, their analogs can perform similar functions in biological systems. The energy of biological springs is derived from hydrolysis ... |
10749930 | Mitotic chromosome condensation requires Brn1p, the yeast homologue of Barren. | In vitro studies suggest that the Barren protein may function as an activator of DNA topoisomerase II and/or as a component of the Xenopus condensin complex. To better understand the role of Barren in vivo, we generated conditional alleles of the structural gene for Barren (BRN1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show th... |
10749920 | The lipid-anchored ectodomain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (GPI-HA) is capable of inducing nonenlarging fusion pores. | GPI-linked hemagglutinin (GPI-HA) of influenza virus was thought to induce hemifusion without pore formation. Cells expressing either HA or GPI-HA were bound to red blood cells, and their fusion was compared by patch-clamp capacitance measurements and fluorescence microscopy. It is now shown that under more optimal fus... |
10748239 | Self-tolerance to the murine homologue of a tyrosinase-derived melanoma antigen: implications for tumor immunotherapy. | The human tyrosinase-derived peptide YMDGTMSQV is presented on the surface of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201(+) melanomas and has been suggested to be a tumor antigen despite the fact that tyrosinase is also expressed in melanocytes. To gain information about immunoreactivity and self-tolerance... |
10748232 | T cells can use either T cell receptor or CD28 receptors to absorb and internalize cell surface molecules derived from antigen-presenting cells. | At the site of contact between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T cell receptor (TCR)-peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) interaction is intensified by interactions between other molecules, notably by CD28 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on T cells interacting with B7 (B7-1 a... |
10747207 | Synaptic control of motoneuronal excitability. | Movement, the fundamental component of behavior and the principal extrinsic action of the brain, is produced when skeletal muscles contract and relax in response to patterns of action potentials generated by motoneurons. The processes that determine the firing behavior of motoneurons are therefore important in understa... |
10745001 | Two-component and phosphorelay signal transduction. | Two-component and phosphorelay signal transduction systems are the major means by which bacteria recognize and respond to a variety of environmental stimuli. Recent results have implicated these systems in the regulation of a variety of essential processes including cell-cycle progression, pathogenicity, and developmen... |
10747027 | The structure of mouse HP1 suggests a unique mode of single peptide recognition by the shadow chromo domain dimer. | The heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family of proteins is involved in gene silencing via the formation of heterochromatic structures. They are composed of two related domains: an N-terminal chromo domain and a C-terminal shadow chromo domain. Present results suggest that chromo domains may function as protein interacti... |
10747013 | Regulatory cross-talk between adhesin operons in Escherichia coli: inhibition of type 1 fimbriae expression by the PapB protein. | Pathogenic Escherichia coli often carry determinants for several different adhesins. We show a direct communication between two adhesin gene clusters in uropathogenic E.coli: type 1 fimbriae (fim) and pyelonephritis-associated pili (pap). A regulator of pap, PapB, is a key factor in this cross-talk. FimB recombinase tu... |
10747011 | Structure of the C-terminal laminin G-like domain pair of the laminin alpha2 chain harbouring binding sites for alpha-dystroglycan and heparin. | The laminins are large heterotrimeric glycoproteins with fundamental roles in basement membrane architecture and function. The C-terminus of the laminin alpha chain contains a tandem of five laminin G-like (LG) domains. We report the 2.0 A crystal structure of the laminin alpha2 LG4-LG5 domain pair, which harbours bind... |
10744725 | Collagen XI nucleates self-assembly and limits lateral growth of cartilage fibrils. | Fibrils of embryonic cartilage are heterotypic alloys formed by collagens II, IX, and XI and have a uniform diameter of approximately 20 nm. The molecular basis of this lateral growth control is poorly understood. Collagen II subjected to fibril formation in vitro produced short and tapered tactoids with strong D-perio... |
10742595 | Carotenoid:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin formulations: an improved method for supplementation of cultured cells. | BC. Two days after supplementation with 5 microM BC in MbetaCD, cellular BC levels reached a maximum of 140+/-11 pmol/microg DNA, leveling off to 100+/-15 pmol/microg DNA until day 8. Incubation with BC dissolved in THF/DMSO resulted in a lower BC uptake of 105+/-14 pmol/microg DNA and 64+/-20 pmol/microg DNA respectiv... |
10742242 | Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Cry1C domain III can function as a specificity determinant for Spodoptera exigua in different, but not all, Cry1-Cry1C hybrids. | In order to test our hypothesis that Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Cry1Ca domain III functions as a determinant of specificity for Spodoptera exigua, regardless of the origins of domains I and II, we have constructed by cloning and in vivo recombination a collection of hybrid proteins containing domains I and ... |
10742241 | A binding site for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab toxin is lost during larval development in two forest pests. | The insecticidal activity and receptor binding properties of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxins towards the forest pests Thaumetopoea pityocampa (processionary moth) and Lymantria monacha (nun moth) were investigated. Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Ac were highly toxic (corresponding 50% lethal concentration values: 956, 895... |
10738199 | Characterizations of critical processes in liquid-liquid phase separation of the elastomeric protein-water system: microscopic observations and light scattering measurements. | Biological self-assembly process of tropoelastin in an extracellular space, viewed as a key step of the elastogenesis, can be mimicked by the temperature-dependent coacervation of the elastin-related polypeptide-water system. Early and late stages of the phase separation behavior of the bovine neck ligamental alpha-ela... |
10736311 | Permeation of large tetra-alkylammonium cations through mutant and wild-type voltage-gated sodium channels as revealed by relief of block at high voltage. | Many large organic cations are potent blockers of K(+) channels and other cation-selective channels belonging to the P-region superfamily. However, the mechanism by which large hydrophobic cations enter and exit the narrow pores of these proteins is obscure. Previous work has shown that a conserved Lys residue in the D... |
10736308 | Membrane cholesterol content modulates activation of volume-regulated anion current in bovine endothelial cells. | Activation of volume-regulated anion current (VRAC) plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular volume homeostasis. The mechanisms, however, that regulate VRAC activity are not fully understood. We have examined whether VRAC activation is modulated by the cholesterol content of the membrane bilayer. The cholesterol... |
10734210 | Oligonucleotide immobilization on micropatterned streptavidin surfaces. | We describe a simple procedure for photolithographic patterning of streptavidin on silicon substrates. Long wavelength UV (365 nm) light was used to direct the covalent attachment of photoactivatable biotin onto silylated silicon wafers. Fluorescently labeled streptavidin was found to bind only in areas exposed to the ... |
10735870 | Complex function for SicA, a Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium type III secretion-associated chaperone. | Salmonella enterica encodes a type III secretion system within a pathogenicity island located at centisome 63 that is essential for virulence. All type III secretion systems require the function of a family of low-molecular-weight proteins that aid the secretion process by acting as partitioning factors and/or secretio... |
10735868 | OmpR regulates the stationary-phase acid tolerance response of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | Tolerance to acidic environments is an important property of free-living and pathogenic enteric bacteria. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium possesses two general forms of inducible acid tolerance. One is evident in exponentially growing cells exposed to a sudden acid shock. The other is induced when stationary-ph... |
10735856 | Multiple interactions between pullulanase secreton components involved in stabilization and cytoplasmic membrane association of PulE. | We report attempts to analyze interactions between components of the pullulanase (Pul) secreton (type II secretion machinery) from Klebsiella oxytoca encoded by a multiple-copy-number plasmid in Escherichia coli. Three of the 15 Pul proteins (B, H, and N) were found to be dispensable for pullulanase secretion. The foll... |
10735847 | Molecular characterization of two-component systems of Helicobacter pylori. | Two-component systems are frequently involved in the adaptation of bacteria to changing environmental conditions at the level of transcriptional regulation. Here we report the characterization of members of the two-component systems of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori deduced from the genome sequence of strain ... |
10733895 | Short, hydrophobic, alanine-based proteins based on the basic region/leucine zipper protein motif: overcoming inclusion body formation and protein aggregation during overexpression, purification, and renaturation. | GCN4 is a yeast transcriptional regulatory protein; its DNA-binding domain is a basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) structure that comprises a dimer of alpha-helices capable of high-affinity, sequence-specific recognition of the DNA major groove. We are exploiting what nature has evolved by manipulating the bZIP motif a... |
10733995 | Imaging and tracking of single GFP molecules in solution. | Visualization and tracking of single fluorescent molecules is a recent development in optical microscopy holding great promise for the study of cell biological processes. However, all experimental strategies realized so far confined the observation to extremely thin interfacial layers. The detection and characterizatio... |
10733991 | A maximum entropy analysis of protein orientations using fluorescence polarization data from multiple probes. | Techniques have recently become available to label protein subunits with fluorescent probes at predetermined orientation relative to the protein coordinates. The known local orientation enables quantitative interpretation of fluorescence polarization experiments in terms of orientation and motions of the protein within... |
10733986 | Protein dynamics in an intermediate state of myoglobin: optical absorption, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray structure analysis. | A metastable state of myoglobin is produced by reduction of metmyoglobin at low temperatures. This is done either by irradiation with x-rays at 80 K or by electron transfer from photoexcited tris(2, 2'-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) at 20 K. At temperatures above 150 K, the conformational transition toward the equilibrium d... |
10733984 | Interactions and aggregation of apoferritin molecules in solution: effects of added electrolytes. | We have studied the structure of the protein species and the protein-protein interactions in solutions containing two apoferritin molecular forms, monomers and dimers, in the presence of Na(+) and Cd(2+) ions. We used chromatographic, and static and dynamic light scattering techniques, and atomic force microscopy (AFM)... |
10733977 | Binding mechanisms of TATA box-binding proteins: DNA kinking is stabilized by specific hydrogen bonds. | One of the common mechanisms of DNA bending by minor groove-binding proteins is the insertion of protein side chains between basepair steps, exemplified in TBP (TATA box-binding protein)/DNA complexes. At the central basepair step of the TATA box TBP produces a noticeable decrease in twist and an increase in roll, whil... |
10733949 | Theoretical studies of the response of a protein structure to cavity-creating mutations. | We have investigated the response of a protein structure to cavity-creating mutations by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for the wild-type and the five mutants of phage T4 lysozyme. Essential dynamics (ED) analysis and the methods for calculating different components of local interaction energies are used to examin... |
10733591 | Atypical protein kinases Clambda and -zeta associate with the GTP-binding protein Cdc42 and mediate stress fiber loss. | Both the Rho family of low-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins and protein kinases C (PKCs) mediate responses to a variety of extracellular and intracellular signals. They share many downstream targets, including remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, activation of p70(S6) kinase and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and... |
10733566 | Functional isoforms of IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) lacking leucine zipper and helix-loop-helix domains reveal that IKKalpha and IKKbeta have different activation requirements. | The activity of the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors is regulated principally by phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of their inhibitory IkappaB subunits. Site-specific serine phosphorylation of IkappaBs by two IkappaB kinases (IKKalpha [also known as CHUK] and IKKbeta) targets them for proteolysis. IKK... |
10729166 | Ultrastructural organization of recombinant Marburg virus nucleoprotein: comparison with Marburg virus inclusions. | HeLa cells expressing the recombinant Marburg virus (MBGV) nucleoprotein (NP) have been studied by immunoelectron microscopy. It was found that MBGV NPs assembled into large aggregates which were in close association with membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Further analysis of these aggregates revealed that N... |
10729155 | A beta-stranded motif drives capsid protein oligomers of the parvovirus minute virus of mice into the nucleus for viral assembly. | The determinants of nuclear import in the VP-1 and VP-2 capsid proteins of the parvovirus minute virus of mice strain i (MVMi) synthesized in human fibroblasts were sought by genetic analysis in an infectious plasmid. Immunofluorescence of transfected cells revealed that the two proteins were involved in cooperative cy... |
10729147 | Identification and characterization of novel human endogenous retrovirus families by phylogenetic screening of the human genome mapping project database. | Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) were first identified almost 20 years ago, and since then numerous families have been described. It has, however, been difficult to obtain a good estimate of both the total number of independently derived families and their relationship to each other as well as to other members of ... |
10722641 | Epitope mapping of the immunodominant invariable region of Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE in three host species. | VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi, contains a 26-amino-acid-long immunodominant invariable region, IR(6). In the present study, three overlapping 14-mer peptides reproducing the sequence of IR(6) were used as peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antigens to map this invariable region... |
10722609 | Epitope mapping of the outer membrane protein P5-homologous fimbrin adhesin of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. | To identify potential immunodominant and/or adhesin binding domains of the outer membrane protein P5-homologous fimbrin adhesin of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI), three sets of synthetic peptides were synthesized and assayed in an adherence inhibition assay, by Western blotting, and in a biomolecular interac... |
10722583 | Bordetella pertussis TonB, a Bvg-independent virulence determinant. | In gram-negative bacteria, high-affinity iron uptake requires the TonB/ExbB/ExbD envelope complex to release iron chelates from their specific outer membrane receptors into the periplasm. Based on sequence similarities, the Bordetella pertussis tonB exbB exbD locus was identified on a cloned DNA fragment. The tight org... |
10722575 | Identification of a fibronectin binding protein from Streptococcus mutans. | The interaction of viridans streptococci with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. We have identified a surface protein of Streptococcus mutans which binds the ECM constituent fibronectin (Fn). Initially, we found that S. mutans could adsorb... |
10722560 | Serum amyloid P component bound to gram-negative bacteria prevents lipopolysaccharide-mediated classical pathway complement activation. | Although serum amyloid P component (SAP) is known to bind many ligands, its biological function is not yet clear. Recently, it was demonstrated that SAP binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present study, SAP was shown to bind to gram-negative bacteria expressing short types of LPS or lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS), s... |
10722522 | Toward antiviral strategies that resist viral escape. | We studied the effect on viral growth of drugs targeting different virus functions using a computer simulation for the intracellular growth of bacteriophage T7. We found that drugs targeting components of negative-feedback loops gain effectiveness against mutant viruses that attenuate the drug-target interaction. The g... |
10722491 | Pharmacokinetics of an everninomicin (SCH 27899) in mice, rats, rabbits, and cynomolgus monkeys following intravenous administration. | The pharmacokinetics of SCH 27899, a novel oligosaccharide compound of the everninomicin class with excellent activity against gram-positive strains, was studied with mice, rats, rabbits, and cynomolgus monkeys following intravenous administration as SCH 27899-N-methylglucamine-hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin. Concentr... |
10722490 | Interspecies comparison of pharmacokinetics of the novel triazole antifungal agent SYN-2869 and its derivatives. | The pharmacokinetics and distribution in tissue of several novel triazole antifungal agents were studied in different animal species in order to select an appropriate lead compound. The purpose of the study was also to determine species differences in pharmacokinetics for SYN azoles to select the most appropriate speci... |
10713183 | p21-activated kinase 1 plays a critical role in cellular activation by Nef. | The activation of Nef-associated kinase (NAK) by Nef from human and simian immunodeficiency viruses is critical for efficient viral replication and pathogenesis. This induction occurs via the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav and the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. In this study, we identified NAK as p21-activated k... |
10713155 | A novel type of splicing enhancer regulating adenovirus pre-mRNA splicing. | Splicing of the adenovirus IIIa pre-mRNA is subjected to a temporal regulation, such that efficient IIIa 3' splice site usage is confined to the late phase of the infectious cycle. Here we show that IIIa pre-mRNA splicing is activated more than 200-fold in nuclear extracts prepared from late adenovirus-infected cells (... |
10714988 | Identification of two novel hrp-associated genes in the hrp gene cluster of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | We have cloned a hrp gene cluster from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Bacteria with mutations in the hrp region have reduced growth in rice leaves and lose the ability to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) on the appropriate resistant cultivars of rice and the nonhost plant tomato. A 12,165-bp portion of nucleotide ... |
10710441 | Phage display of ScFv peptides recognizing the thymidine(6-4)thymidine photoproduct. | Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA photoproducts in skin cells and is the predominant cause of human skin cancers. To understand human susceptibility to skin cancer and to facilitate the development of prevention measures, highly specific reagents to detect and quantitate UV-induced DNA adducts in human skin ... |
10710438 | Signal amplification through nucleotide extension and excision on a dendritic DNA platform. | Techniques that provide strong signal amplification are useful in diagnostic applications, especially in detecting low concentrations of non-amplifiable target molecules. A versatile and strong signal amplification method based on activities of a DNA polymerase to generate high concentrations of pyrophosphate (PPi) is ... |
10710428 | Kinetic analysis of high-mobility-group proteins HMG-1 and HMG-I/Y binding to cholesterol-tagged DNA on a supported lipid monolayer. | High-mobility-group proteins HMG-1 and HMG-I/Y bind to multiple sites within a 268 bp A/T-rich enhancer element of the pea plastocyanin gene ( PetE ). Within a 31 bp region of the enhancer, the binding site for HMG-1 overlaps with the binding site for HMG-I/Y. The kinetics of binding and the affinities of HMG-1 and HMG... |
10708443 | Evidence for budding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 selectively from glycolipid-enriched membrane lipid rafts. | A number of recent studies have demonstrated the significance of detergent-insoluble, glycolipid-enriched membrane domains or lipid rafts, especially in regard to activation and signaling in T lymphocytes. These domains can be viewed as floating rafts composed of sphingolipids and cholesterol which sequester glycosylph... |
10685055 | Sequence-specific liquid crystallinity of collagen model peptides. I. Transmission electron microscopy studies of interfacial collagen gels. | The conformation, crystal structure and self-assembly behavior of three peptides with collagen-like repetitive sequences [(1) peptide GAPGPP: (Glu)(5)(Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Pro)(6)(Glu)(5); (2) peptide GVPGPP: (Glu)(5)(Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Pro)(6)(Glu)(5); and (3) peptide GAPGPA: (Glu)(5)(Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ala)(6)(Glu)(... |
10685052 | Physicochemical characterization of generation 5 polyamidoamine dendrimers. | The dispersity, size, and self-interaction of generation 5 polyamidoamine dendrimeric polymers with different terminal groups (surfaces) were characterized using several physicochemical techniques. Amino-surface dendrimers form oligomeric aggregates in aqueous solution, even in the presence of high salt concentrations ... |
10588063 | Radiation response of cell organelles. | The cellular responses to various form of radiation, including ionizing- and UV-irradiation or exposure to electromagnetic fields is manifested as irreversible and reversible structural and functional changes to cells and cell organelles. Moreover, beside the morphological signs related to cell death, there are several... |
23345710 | Synergetics of the Membrane Self-Assembly: A Micelle-to-Vesicle Transition. | A model approach is developed to study intermediate steps and transientstructures in a course of the membrane self-assembly. The approach isbased on investigation of mixed lipid/protein-detergent systems capable ofthe temperature induced transformation from a solubilized micellar stateto closed membrane vesicles. We pe... |
18967883 | The synergistic extraction of thorium(IV) and uranium(VI) with mixtures of 3-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone and crown ethers. | The extraction of thorium(IV) and uranium(VI) from nitric acid solutions has been studied using mixtures of 3-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone (HPBI) and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6, benzo-18-crown-6, dibenzo-18-crown-6 or benzo-15-crown-5. The results demonstrate that these metal ions are extracted into chloroform as Th(PB... |
10826596 | Switchable columnar metallomesogens | Chiral columnar liquid crystals have recently appeared as a promising new type of ferroelectric materials. To date, all the columnar liquid crystals that have been reported to show ferroelectric switching consist of organic compounds. However, metal-containing liquid crystals open this field to a significant number of ... |
10814438 | Dendrimers Based on Melamine. Divergent and Orthogonal, Convergent Syntheses of a G3 Dendrimer. | Both convergent and divergent strategies are used to synthesize 1, a dendrimer comprising triazines linked by diamines. The convergent approach is orthogonal; neither protecting groups nor functional group manipulations are required using the building blocks selected. |
10814437 | Calix Crowns Derived from para-Bridged Calix | Two calix[4]arenes, bridged by aliphatic chains of five and eight carbon atoms spanning two opposite para positions, have been converted into their 1,3-crown ether derivatives by reaction with tetraethylene and pentaethylene glycol ditosylates. Of the two possible 1,3-crown derivatives, only the formation of those isom... |
10814427 | Synthesis, Structure, and Complexing Property of p-tert-Butylcalix | p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene 1,3-digallate, which contains a nonbonded close contact between galloyl groups, was synthesized and its structure was determined by dynamic (1)H NMR and X-ray crystallography. The electronic spectra showed that a new absorption band of the complexes appeared at a longer wavelength region upon ... |
10814426 | Toward Daisy Chain Polymers: "Wittig Exchange" of Stoppers in | Two ammonium ion/crown ether-based [2]rotaxane monomers-each incorporating (i) a dumbbell-shaped component, possessing an exchangeable benzylic triphenylphosphonium stopper, and (ii) a ring component, bearing an aldehyde function-undergo a sequence of Wittig reactions in which the surrogate triphenylphosphonium stopper... |
10814386 | Rotaxanes via Michael addition | [reaction: see text] The application of a template effect to the classical Michael addition of heteronucleophiles to various Michael acceptor systems leads in good yields to a new trapping synthesis of [2]rotaxanes with conjugated functional groups in their axles. |
10814142 | Catalysis of a Diels-Alder Reaction by Amidinium Ions. | Amidines and guanidines are important functional groups in molecular recognition and host-guest chemistry. Here it is shown that lipophilic amidinium ions catalyze a cycloaddition reaction representing the key step of the Quinkert-Dane estrone synthesis. Hydrogen-bond-mediated association with the organic cation leads ... |
10814091 | Supramolecular steric effects as the means of making reactive carbon radicals persistent. Quantitative characterization of the external surface of MFI zeolites through a persistent radical probe and a langmuir adsorption isotherm | The photochemistry of tetraphenylacetone (1) adsorbed on the external surface of a MFI zeolite (the sodium form of LZ-105) has been investigated in combination with computational chemistry, surface area measurements, EPR analysis, and classical adsorption isotherms. All of the methods are consistent with a supramolecul... |
10814085 | A synthesis of conjugatively bridged bis- and tris-5-(2, 2'-Bipyridines): multitopic metal ion-binding modules for supramolecular nanoengineering | An efficient preparation of linear and curved bis- and branched tris-5-(2,2'-bipyridines) of nanoscopic dimensions possessing rigid conjugated bridges is presented. The synthesis, which avoids the need of protection/deprotection methodology, utilizes central bridge precursors which are outwardly di- and trifunctionaliz... |
10814083 | (+)-(18-Crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid and its Ytterbium(III) complex as chiral NMR discriminating agents | The compound (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid (I) and its ytterbium(III) complex are evaluated as chiral NMR discriminating agents. The crown ether is a useful chiral discriminating agent for protonated amino acid esters, amines, and amino alcohols. The crown can also be used with neutral primary amines ... |
10785823 | 2,2'-bipyridine lariat calixcrowns: a new class of encapsulating ligands forming highly luminescent Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes | A new class of calix[4]arene crown ethers with one or two bipyridines appended to the polyether ring (lariat calixcrowns) have been designed and synthesized; the luminescence properties of their Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes have been studied in acetonitrile. In this solvent, long lifetimes for the metal emitting states and ... |
10785820 | Highly organized spherical hosts that bind organic guests in aqueous solution with micromolar affinity: microcalorimetry studies | Two novel closed-shell hemicarcerand-like hosts with spherical cavities of 11 A diameter that are soluble in aqueous solution were constructed. The binding of xylenes, aryl ethers, polyaromatic compounds, ferrocene derivatives, and bicyclic aliphatic compounds were examined by NMR spectroscopy and microcalorimetry. NMR... |
10760880 | Dendronized Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, Assembly at Interfaces, and Manipulation. | Dendrimers are presently one of the most intensely studied classes of compounds because of their unusual structure. They can be described as a jungle of entangled branches traversed by winding trails which lead to sweet fruits and bright blossoms. On these trails one can reach the thicket's interior as well as find a w... |
10749205 | Single crystals of an ionic anthracene aggregate with a triplet ground state | Crystalline supramolecular aggregates consisting of charged organic molecules, held together through metal-cluster-mediated Coulomb interactions, have attracted interest owing to their unusual structural, chemical and electronic properties. Aggregates containing metal cation clusters 'wrapped' by lipophilic molecular a... |
10746721 | Extended surface chirality from supramolecular assemblies of adsorbed chiral molecules | The increasing demand of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries for enantiomerically pure compounds has spurred the development of a range of so-called 'chiral technologies' (ref. 1), which aim to exert the ultimate control over a chemical reaction by directing its enantioselectivity. Heterogeneous enantioselective... |
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