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11046311 | Adiabatic compressibility of AOT | The self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into supramolecular aggregates involves a number of complex phenomena and forces. Recent developments of highly sensitive, densimetric and acoustic methods on small volume samples have provided novel sensitive probes to explore the physical properties of these complex fluids. ... |
12594887 | Advances in the understanding of multiple organ failure. | Multiple organ failure (MOF) is currently the most common cause of late death after injury and surgery. The pathogenesis of MOF remains incompletely understood but in all likelihood results from a combination of dysregulated balance between inflammatory response and immune function, maldistribution of microcirculatory ... |
12903352 | Preparation of DNA catenanes and observation of their topological structures by atomic force microscopy. | DNA catenanes have been prepared by the reaction of T4 DNA ligase with linear DNA in the presence of nicked DNA. Single molecular images of DNA catenanes and large circular DNAs have been clearly observed by AFM using a tapping mode at room temperature and in an ambient atmosphere. |
12903309 | Synthesis of non-natural DNA using DNA polymerase. | Nonnatural nucleotide modified by glucose or galactose was synthesized to increase functional diversity of DNA library. These compounds were incorporated in a DNA double strand using Klenow Fragment as well as dTTP. These functional group could be ordered sequentially on a DNA double strand at intervals of few angstrom... |
12903300 | Synthesis and properties of a new type DNA dendrimer. | We have designed a new type of a DNA dendrimer which has rigid branched structure. The branching molecule was prepared from 1,3,5-tribromobenzene. The dendrimer unit, in which three oligonucleotide-chains, two molecules of T15 and one molecule of A15, linked to the branching molecule, was synthesized by an automated DN... |
12836676 | Calmodulin target database. | The intracellular calcium sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) interacts with a large number of proteins to regulate their biological functions in response to calcium stimulus. This molecular recognition process is diverse in its mechanism, but can be grouped into several classes based on structural and sequence information... |
12774341 | Role of DIC in multiple organ failure. | <h4>Background</h4>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe and complex coagulopathy resulting from excessive thrombin formation. Although there is a final common pathway, consumption coagulopathy and multiple organ failure (MOF), the early pathophysiology differs depending on the underlying disease.<h4... |
12541462 | [Chiral separation of naproxen and flurbiprofen by capillary electrophoresis]. | The acidic chiral drugs naproxen and flurbiprofen were successfully separated into two enantiomers when beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CDs) were used as chiral selectors by capillary zone electrophoresis, under the conditions of 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer with pH 4.92. The comparison of four CDs, namely beta-CD, DM-beta-CD, ... |
12541456 | [Determination of vitamin D2 included with beta-cyclodextrin complex in "longmu zhuanggu chongji" by HPLC]. | In order to enhance the stability of vitamin D2(VD2), the inclusion complex of VD2 with beta-cyclodextrin(beta-CD) was added in "Longmu Zhuanggu Chongji", a medicine of children for the prevention and cure of rickets. The VD2 in beta-CD-VD2 inclusion complex was satisfactorily determined by both reversed-phase high per... |
12197068 | Identification of peptides that neutralize bacterial endotoxins using beta-hairpin conformationally restricted libraries. | Bacterial endotoxins are the major mediator of septic shock; therefore, endotoxin-neutralizing molecules could have biomedical applications. The septic shock cascade relies in a series of molecular recognition processes. The large contact-surface described for the interacting macromolecules, in most cases, prevents the... |
11931120 | Surfactant-encapsulated clusters (SECs): (DODA)20(NH4)[H3Mo57V6(NO)6O183(H2O)18], a case study. | We present a comprehensive study of the partially reduced polyoxomolybdate [H3-Mo57V6(NO)6O183(H2O)18]21-encapsulated in a shell of dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DODA) surfacmolecules. Treatment of an aqueous solution of (NH4)21[H3Mo57V6-(NO)6O183(H2O)18] . 65H2O (1a) with a trichloromethane solution of the surfactant l... |
11931104 | Depsipeptide dendrimers. | The convergent synthesis of a new class of chiral dendrimers is described. Owing to their structural resemblance to depsipeptides they are called depsipeptide dendrimers. The ex-chiral pool synthesis starts from (R,R)-, (S,S)-, and meso-tartaric acid as branching units and dipeptides or tripeptides consisting of glycin... |
11931101 | Zinc porphyrin tweezer in host-guest complexation: determination of absolute configurations of primary monoamines by circular dichroism. | A nonempirical exciton chirality circular dichroic (CD) method for determining the absolute configurations of primary monoamines with amino group directly linked to the stereogenic center is described. Conventional exciton chirality CD method cannot be applied to these compounds since they lack the two sites for attach... |
11741240 | Direct pelletization in a rotary processor controlled by torque measurements. II: effects of changes in the content of microcrystalline cellulose. | In the present study we investigated the effect of changes in the content of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on a direct pelletization process in a rotary processor in which the liquid addition was terminated once a certain increase in torque was produced. Nine different mixtures of MCC and lactose with MCC contents v... |
11741229 | Particle size analysis of concentrated phospholipid microemulsions I. Total intensity light scattering. | Water-in-oil phospholipid microemulsions prepared from a constant total surfactant/cosurfactant concentration of 25 wt% at four different lecithin/alcohol weight ratios (Km of 1:1, 1.5:1, 1.77: 1, and 1.94:1) and containing water concentrations (or volume fractions) ranging from 2.0 to 26 wt% (or 0.04 to 0.26) have bee... |
11741217 | Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine and lamivudine in patients with HIV-1 infection. | The purpose of this parallel treatment group, double-blind, multicenter study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine and lamivudine when coadministered to patients with the HIV-1 infection. This pharmacokinetic interaction study was nested within a larger Phase III clinical trial conducted to characteri... |
11710210 | Design and synthesis of water-soluble glycopolymers bearing breast tumor marker and enhanced lipophilicity for solid-phase assays. | Water-soluble T-antigen containing glycopolymers [Gal beta(1,3)-GalNAc alpha) having a high degree of lipophilicity were synthesized from poly[N-(acryloxy)succinimide] (6-10) by amidation with an amine-ending T-antigen derivative (3) and various amines of increasing alkyl chain length (ammonia and methyl-, ethyl-, and ... |
11710192 | Self-assembly of a beta-sheet protein governed by relief of electrostatic repulsion relative to van der Waals attraction. | Using a synthetic oligopeptide, n-FKFEFKFEFKFE-c (KFE12), representative of a class of peptides that can undergo self-assembly into a three-dimensional matrix biomaterial, we show that the self-assembly occurs when solution conditions reduce intermolecular electrical double-layer repulsion below van der Waals attractio... |
11710190 | Carbohydrate/monomer complexes in aqueous polymerizations: methylated-beta-cyclodextrin mediated aqueous polymerization of hydrophobic methacrylic monomers. | Hydrophobic methacrylic monomers were polymerized in aqueous media using methylated (1.8)-beta-cyclodextrin (MeCD) additives. Hydrophobic monomers tert-butyl methacrylate (tBuMA), cyclohexyl methacrylate (CMA), and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (2EHMA) were each dissolved in chloroform with MeCD. Chloroform was then evapor... |
11710139 | Quaternary ammonium functionalized poly(propylene imine) dendrimers as effective antimicrobials: structure-activity studies. | Quaternary ammonium functionalized poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers were synthesized and their antibacterial properties were evaluated using a bioluminescence method. These quaternary ammonium dendrimers are very potent biocides. The antibacterial properties depend on the size of the dendrimer, the length of hydrophobic... |
11710122 | Self-assembly of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide harboring the estrogen response element in the presence of polyamines: ionic, structural, and DNA sequence specificity effects. | Estrogenic regulation of gene expression is mediated by the binding of the hormone to its specific receptor, estrogen receptor (ER), which undergoes structural and conformational alterations to recognize specific DNA sequences, estrogen response elements (ERE), in responsive genes to trigger a series of events culminat... |
11710118 | Synthesis of starlike N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers: potential drug carriers. | Starlike HPMA copolymers were synthesized by conjugating semitelechelic poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide] macromolecules (ST-PHPMA, arm) with PAMAM dendrimers (core: G2, G3, G4). ST-PHPMA was synthesized by chain transfer free radical polymerization, and the terminal -COOH was activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide... |
11710093 | Well-defined oligosaccharide-terminated polymers from living radical polymerization. | beta-cyclodextrin has been transformed into an initiator for copper(I)-mediated living radical polymerization via successive acetylation, ring opening, and condensation reactions. This glycoinitiator has been successfully used to prepare a range of methacrylate polymers, which show all characteristics of living polymer... |
11700601 | MIAX: a system for assessment of macromolecular interaction. 3) A parallel hybrid GA for flexible protein docking. | We propose a parallel hybrid genetic algorithm for flexible protein-protein docking in order to improve the conventional rigid-body models to manipulate protein-protein interactions. The proposed hybrid algorithm is a combination of an evolutionary algorithm with a simulated annealing one, yielding a powerful protein-c... |
11469339 | Beta-cyclodextrin-linked chitosan beads: preparation and application to removal of bisphenol A from water. | Water-insoluble and highly porous chitosan beads having an ability to form inclusion complexes have been synthesized by treatment of a solution of chitosan in aqueous acetic acid with aqueous NaOH followed by crosslinking and reductive alkylation with 2-O-formylmethyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Preliminary experiments for its ... |
11451022 | Role of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and serum albumin in head-to-head agglutination of boar spermatozoa. | It has previously been shown that when boar spermatozoa are incubated in a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (mKRB), head-to-head agglutination occurs in many cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and serum albumin on sperm agglutination and to... |
11424812 | [Food additives: effects on pregnancy and lactation]. | Exposure to several substances in a critical period of life, as in perinatal age, could cause long-term effects. Among these agents we can consider food additives, defined as "substances used to conserve, colour or flavour ailments without nutritional effects". Food additives utilisation by women during pregnancy and b... |
11321441 | Endothelial cell dysfunction in microvasculature: relevance to disease processes. | Functional and morphological alterations of microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) would lead to microcirculatory disturbances, thereby providing a basis for the development of a disease state. Clinically endotoxemia frequently encountered in a variety of diseases is considered to be a trigger to develop the microcircul... |
11304673 | Incorporation of artificial receptors into a protein/peptide surface: a strategy for on/off type of switching of semisynthetic enzymes. | Recent developments in new bioorganic methodologies have greatly facilitated the site-specific incorporation of non-natural amino acids into the protein framework. It is now desirable for chemists to explore promising concepts based on chemistry for regulation and extension of functions of naturally occurring enzymes u... |
11304672 | Surface grafting onto template-assembled synthetic protein scaffolds in molecular recognition. | Creating functional biological molecules de novo requires a detailed understanding of the intimate relationship between primary sequence, folding mechanism, and packing topology, and remains up to now a most challenging goal in protein design and mimicry. As a consequence, the use of well-defined robust macromolecules ... |
11304671 | Collagen model peptides: Sequence dependence of triple-helix stability. | The triple helix is a specialized protein motif, found in all collagens as well as in noncollagenous proteins involved in host defense. Peptides will adopt a triple-helical conformation if the sequence contains its characteristic features of Gly as every third residue and a high content of Pro and Hyp residues. Such mo... |
11302433 | Freezability of boar spermatozoa is improved by exposure to 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The influence of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HBCD) exposure on post-thaw spermatozoa prior to freezing using acrosome integrity and the parameters of motility was studied. Acrosomal status was monitored by means of FITC-labelled peanut agglutinin, and the motility parameters were assessed using a computer-assist... |
11302251 | Lack of efficacy of 9-aminocamptothecin in adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme and recurrent high-grade astrocytoma. NABTT CNS Consortium. | 9-Aminocamptothecin (9-AC) was administered as a 72-h i.v. infusion every 2 weeks to a total of 99 adults with high-grade astrocytomas. Fifty-one patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme received 9-AC treatment prior to radiation therapy and 48 patients with high-grade astrocytomas were treated at the time... |
11286008 | Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. | This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives and contaminants, with a view to recommending Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) for humans, and to prepare specifications for the identity and purity of food additives. The first part of th... |
11270740 | Carbon-13 and fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy of the supramolecular solid p-tert-butylcalix(4)arene.alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene. | The supramolecular 1:1 host-guest inclusion compound, p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene x alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene, 1, is characterized by 19F and 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Whereas the 13C NMR spectra are easily interpreted in the context of earlier work on similar host-guest compounds, the 15F NMR spectra of... |
11261875 | Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels cross-linked by hydrolyzable polyrotaxane. | PEG hydrogels cross-linked by a hydrolyzable polyrotaxane were prepared and their hydrolytic erosion characterized in terms of supramolecular dissociation of the polyrotaxane. The hydrolyzable polyrotaxane, in which many alpha-cyclodextrins (alpha-CDs) are threaded onto a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain capped with L... |
11241214 | Cation recognition by self-assembled monolayers of oriented helical peptides having a crown ether unit. | Cation recognition of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of helical peptides having a crown ether unit was investigated by the impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Lipo-(Ala-Aib)8-Ala-Cr and Boc-Glu(Cr)-(Ala-Aib)8-Lipoa (Lipo, Lipoa, and Cr represent lipoic acid, lipoamide, and amidobenzo-18-crown-6, respective... |
11241211 | Conformational and orientation studies of artificial ion channels incorporated into lipid bilayers. | The conformational and orientation studies in lipid bilayers of 21 amino acid peptides bearing six crown ethers are reported. The compounds were designed to form artificial ion channels by stacking the crown rings, and were shown to be functional in bilayer membranes. We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and... |
11233366 | Molecular recognition of disease at natural killer cell immune synapses. | An emerging theme in contemporary molecular immunology is that a knowledge of protein structures and the physical chemistry of soluble receptor/ligand pairs is insufficient to predict the outcome of intercellular communication. Cell surface receptors need to be considered as part of supramolecular complexes of proteins... |
11213217 | A review of molecular recognition technologies for detection of biological threat agents. | The present review summarizes the state of the art in molecular recognition of biowarfare agents and other pathogens and emphasizes the advantages of using particular types of reagents for a given target (e.g. detection of bacteria using antibodies versus nucleic acid probes). It is difficult to draw firm conclusions a... |
11204162 | New targets and delivery systems for antifungal therapy. | Development of new approaches for treatment of invasive fungal infections encompasses new delivery systems for approved and investigational compounds, as well as exploiting the cell membrane, cell wall and virulence factors as putative antifungal targets. Novel delivery systems consisting of cyclodextrins, cochleates, ... |
11125202 | Lipid bilayers as osmotic response elements. | The importance of osmolarity in the regulation of a wide range of cellular functions and processes is well established. However, much less is known about the molecular mechanisms imparting sensitivity to osmotic forces to cells. The findings summarized in this brief review demonstrate that the principal structural elem... |
11034755 | Single dose piroxicam for acute postoperative pain. | <h4>Background</h4>Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic properties, and is used mainly for treating rheumatic disorders. Some drugs have been directly compared against each other within a trial setting to determine their relative efficacies, whereas other have not. It is possible, ... |
11197484 | Electrochemical approach to the dynamics of molecular recognition of redox enzyme sites by artificial cosubstrates in solution and in integrated systems. | Application of antigen-antibody technology allows the attachment to an electrode surface of an enzyme monolayer structure to which both the enzyme and the mediator are bound. As illustrated with the example of glucose oxidase and a ferrocene mediator, the enzyme preserves its full activity in such structures, which may... |
11197490 | Layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition of biomolecules on surfaces for molecular recognition, redox mediation and signal generation. | Layer-by-layer supramolecular structures composed of alternate layers of negatively charged enzymes and cationic redox polyelectrolyte have been assembled. Glucose oxidase (GOx), lactate oxidase (LOx) and soybean peroxidase (SBP) have been electrically wired to the underlying electrode by means of poly(allylamine) with... |
11196136 | Gene density in the Giemsa bands of human chromosomes. | The human genome is formed by isochores belonging to five families, L1, L2, H1, H2 and H3, that are characterized by increasing GC levels and gene concentrations. In-situ hybridization of DNA from different isochore families provides, therefore, information not only on the correlation between isochores and chromosomal ... |
11196135 | Comparative FISH mapping of the ancestral fusion point of human chromosome 2. | It is known that human chromosome 2 originated from the fusion of two ancestral primate chromosomes. This has been confirmed by chromosome banding and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with human chromosome-2-specific DNA libraries. In this study, the order of 38 cosmid clones derived from the human chromosome ... |
11196134 | Stability of transferred human chromosome fragments in cultured cells and in mice. | Chromosome fragments represent feasible gene delivery vectors with the use of microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. To test a prerequisite for a gene delivery vector, we examined the stability of human chromosome fragments (hCFs) in cultured cells and in trans-chromosomic (Tc) mice. Fragments of human chromosomes 2 (... |
11196133 | The human autoantigen MCP1 is required during early stages of DNA replication. | Metaphase chromosome protein 1 (MCP1) is a nuclear autoantigen that is associated with condensed chromosomes throughout mitosis. During interphase, this antigen shows a speckle distribution in the nucleus, excluding the nucleolus. Additionally, MCP1 binds tightly to the scaffold/matrix component of nuclei and isolated ... |
11196132 | Robertsonian polymorphism, B chromosomes variation and sex chromosomes heteromorphism in the african water rat Dasymys (Rodentia, Muridae). | Chromosome banding analysis (G- and C-bands) of Dasymys rufulus from Senegal, Mali and the Ivory Coast, and D. cf. incomtus from Eastern and South-western Ethiopia was carried out. The diploid numbers (2N) in the former species range between 36 and 39 due to the presence of 0-3 small biarmed heterochromatic B chromosom... |
11196131 | Analysis of replication timing at the FRA10B and FRA16B fragile site loci. | The molecular basis for the cytogenetic appearance of chromosomal fragile sites is not yet understood. Late replication and further delay of replication at fragile sites expressing alleles has been observed for FRAXA, FRAXE and FRA3B fragile site loci. We analysed the timing of replication at the FRA10B and FRA16B loci... |
11196130 | Meiotic metaphase I pairing behavior of a 5BL recombinant isochromosome in wheat. | A recombinant isochromosome i5BLrec of wheat was developed with one arm and the proximal 36% of the other arm of Chinese Spring (CS) origin and the distal 64% of the recombined arm of Triticum turgiduM subsp. dicoccoides origin. The i5BLrec provides an unusual opportunity to analyze the role of the centromere or arm he... |
11196129 | Cytogenetics of donkey chromosomes: nomenclature proposal based on GTG-banded chromosomes and depiction of NORs and telomeric sites. | With the expansion of comparative genome analysis across different mammals, there is an increasing need to have well-defined banded karyotypes for the species chosen for investigation. In this context, the steadily growing gene mapping data in the donkey urgently require a framework whereby alignment/comparison of gene... |
11185897 | Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | CDC, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation have cosponsored these guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections (OIs) among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. The guidelines were drafted with the assistance of a working group of ... |
11132779 | Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase and haemophagocytosis in the sepsis syndrome. | Sepsis syndrome (SS) is associated with depressed PAF acetylhydrolase, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of platelet activating factor. PAF acetylhydrolase is in a large part produced by macrophages, whose inadequate activation with haemophagocytosis is frequent in patients with SS. The aim of this study was t... |
11145215 | Molecular associations and microdomains in antigen-presenting cell-T-cell interactions. | Protein-protein interactions are utilized by the cell for almost all biological processes. Homotypic associations-physical associations between related proteins-are commonly employed as regulatory mechanisms with diverse physical and biological outcomes. X-ray crystallography has helped to reveal such protein-protein i... |
11145421 | Cyclic core dendrimer as a new kind of vector for gene transfer into mammalian cells. | Cyclic core dendritic polymer is a new type of synthetic polymers. The ability of generation 4 of the dendrimer with a core of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane to function as an effective gene delivery vector was investigated. Results from fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) show that the pCH 110 plasmid DNA was tr... |
11143807 | The bromochlorofluoromethane saga. | Synthesis of optically active samples of bromochlorofluoromethane (CHFClBr) was performed via fractional crystallisation of the strychnine salts of bromochlorofluoroacetic acid (FClBrCCO2H). The S-(+) (R-(-)) absolute configuration of the acid was established by X-ray crystallography and the S-(+) (R-(-)) absolute conf... |
11117361 | Replication timing of homologous alpha-satellite DNA in Roberts syndrome. | Roberts syndrome (RS) is associated with a characteristic constitutive heterochromatin anomaly, namely, at metaphase the centromeres and heterochromatic segments appear split. In addition to this cytogenetic phenomenon, known as the RS effect, several other cytological features, especially affecting mitotic chromosome ... |
11117360 | Stable methylation patterns in interspecific antelope hybrids and the characterization and localization of a satellite fraction in the Alcelaphini and Hippotragini. | Conflicting data has recently appeared concerning altered methylation patterns in interspecific mammalian hybrids and the potential this may hold for driving karyotypic evolution. We report no detectable methylation difference in the genomic DNA of different interspecific F1 antelope hybrids (family Bovidae) and their ... |
11117359 | Frequency increase and mitotic stabilization of a B chromosome in the fish Prochilodus lineatus. | Six populations of the fish Prochilodus lineatus were analysed for B chromosome frequency. A study of spermatogenesis revealed the absence of B accumulation during the stages analysed. In one of the populations, from the Mogi-Guaçu river where samples have been analysed over a ten-year period, B chromosome frequency do... |
11117358 | Centromeric heterochromatin in the cattle rob(1;29) translocation: alpha-satellite I sequences, in-situ MspI digestion patterns, chromomycin staining and C-bands. | The centromeric regions and alpha-satellite I sequence were studied on chromosomes 1, 29 and the rob(1;29) translocation in a Portuguese breed of cattle, Barrosa, carrying the translocation. Rob(1;29) centromeric regions showed heterochromatic bands with propidium iodide but, unlike the acrocentric autosomes, no strong... |
11117357 | The chromosome complement of Olea europaea L.: characterization by differential staining of the chromatin and in-situ hybridization of highly repeated DNA sequences. | The chromosome complement of olive (Olea europaea L.) has been characterized by differential staining of the chromatin and chromosomal localization of highly repeated DNA sequences and ribosomal cistrons. DAPI staining produces different-sized positive bands in various locations on all the chromosomes. By combining thi... |
11117356 | A biodiversity approach in the neotropical erythrinidae fish, Hoplias malabaricus. Karyotypic survey, geographic distribution of cytotypes and cytotaxonomic considerations. | Hoplias malabaricus, a widely distributed neotropical freshwater fish, shows a conspicuous karyotypic diversification. An overview of this diversity is presented here comprising several Brazilian populations, and some others from Argentina, Uruguay and Surinam. Seven general cytotypes are clearly identified on the basi... |
11117355 | Spontaneous occurrence of a Robertsonian fusion involving chromosome 19 by single whole-arm reciprocal translocation (WART) in wild-derived house mice. | Chromosomal races of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) bear Robertsonian (Rb) fusions, which consist of centric translocations between two non-homologous acrocentric chromosomes. The high level of diversity of these fusions in house mice is generated by de-novo formation of Rb fusions and subsequent whole-arm r... |
11117354 | Intraspecific variation in the distribution of the interstitial telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequences in Micoureus demerarae (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). | The distribution of the telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n was studied in chromosomes of Micoureus demerarae (2n = 14), a South American marsupial, by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). The telomeric repeat sequence was present at both ends of all chromosomes, but also various interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) w... |
11117353 | Organization of the X and Y chromosomes in human, chimpanzee and mouse pachytene nuclei using molecular cytogenetics and three-dimensional confocal analyses. | We used multicolour fluorescence in-situ hybridization on air-dried pachytene nuclei to analyse the structural and functional domains of the sex vesicle (SV) in human, chimpanzee and mouse. The same technology associated with 3-dimensional analysis was then performed on human and mouse pachytene nuclei from cytospin pr... |
11117352 | Intrachromosomal distribution of telomeric repeats in Eumops glaucinus and Euntops perotis (Molossidae, Chiroptera). | The location of chromosomal telomeric repeats (TTAGGG)n was investigated in two species of the Molossidae family, Eumops glaucinus and Eumops perotis. The diploid chromosome number (2n) is 40 in E. glaucinus and 48 in E. perotis and the fundamental numbers (FN) are 64 and 58, respectively. It has been suggested that th... |
11127962 | Multi-dimensional QSAR in drug research. Predicting binding affinities, toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters. | Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) are an area of computational research which builds atomistic or virtual models to predict the biological activity or the toxicity of known or hypothetical substances. Of particular interest for the biomedical sciences are three-dimensional receptor surrogates (3D-QSA... |
11126879 | Optical resolution of phosphorus containing calix[4]arenes by additive RP HPLC method. | The RP HPLC method (LiChrosorb RP18 or Separon SGX C18 column, acetonitrile-water 86:14 v/v mobile phase) was applied for enantiomeric separation of topologically chiral 5-bromo-25,26-bis(diethoxyphosphoryl)calix[4]arene 9 or 25-ethyl-26-dihydroxyphosphoryl-calix[4]arene 5. Separation of calixarene 9 was achieved by th... |
11126878 | HPLC resolution of the enantiomers of dihydroxyphenylalanine and selected salsolinol derivatives using sulfated beta-cyclodextrin. | D- and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (D- and L-DOPA) and enantiomers of the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids salsolinol (SAL), 1-carboxysalsolinol (1-CSAL), and cis-3-carboxysalsolinol (3-CSAL) were chromatographed using sulfated beta-cyclodextrin (S-beta-CD) as a chiral selector in mobile phases with conventional reversed-... |
11126872 | Enantioseparation of aminoglutethimide with cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis and studies of selector-selectand interactions using NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | The enantiomers of aminoglutethimide [2-(p-aminophenyl)-2-ethylglutarimide, AGT] can be resolved in CE using all of three most commonly used native cyclodextrins (CD): alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CDs. The migration order of the enantiomers was opposite using beta-CD compared to alpha- and gamma-CDs as chiral selectors. In... |
11112038 | Incidence and clinical characteristics of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders: report from a single center. | In the period 1973-1998, among 2139 allograft recipients treated with standard immunosuppression, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) developed in 19 patients (0.9%): one plasmacytic hyperplasia, two polymorphic PTLD, one myeloma, and 15 lymphomas. PTLD developed 1 year after transplantation (tx) in 14 ... |
11109253 | In situ liposomal preparation containing amphotericin B: related toxicity and tissue disposition studies. | The purpose of this research was to develop a novel hydroalcoholic method for the preparation of liposome entrapping inclusion complex of amphotericin B (AmB) with a view to obtaining reduced toxicity and superior tissue distribution of AmB in vivo. The method involves initial preparation of AmB-hydroxypropyl-beta-cycl... |
11097426 | Chemical approaches to control gene expression. | A current goal in molecular medicine is the development of new strategies to interfere with gene expression in living cells in the hope that novel therapies for human disease will result from these efforts. This review focuses on small-molecule or chemical approaches to manipulate gene expression by modulating either t... |
11097218 | Role of extracellular matrix-mediated interactions in thymocyte migration. | Cell adhesion, migration, differentiation and survival or death is amongst a large spectrum of biological responses that can be elicited by ligation of extracellular matrix components to their corresponding receptors. As regards the physiology of the thymus, cell migration is a crucial event in the general process of T... |
11097216 | T cell migration in three-dimensional extracellular matrix: guidance by polarity and sensations. | The locomotion of T lymphocytes within 3-D extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic and flexible process following the principles of ameboid movement. Ameboid motility is characterized by a polarized yet simple cell shape allowing high speed, rapid directional oscillations, and low affinity interactions to the su... |
11097209 | From the ECM to the cytoskeleton and back: how integrins orchestrate T cell action. | T lymphocytes constitute a highly dynamic tissue type. During the course of their lives, they travel through a variety of physiological environments and experience a multitude of interactions with extracellular matrix components and other cells. In order to do this, they must receive many environmental cues, and transl... |
11097204 | Extracellular matrix and cytokines: a functional unit. | The extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as soluble mediators like cytokines can influence the behavior of cells in very distinct as well as cooperative ways. One group of ECM molecules which shows an especially broad cooperativity with cytokines and growth factors are the proteoglycans. Proteoglycans can interact with t... |
11097201 | Cell polarization: a comparative cell biology and immunological view. | Cell polarization and the establishment of functionally specialized domains play a pivotal role in many cellular processes such as vectorial transport of molecules, cell division and differentiation, directional movement of the cells in a chemotactic gradient and activation of the immune response. Cell polarization is ... |
11081407 | The need for a shared database infrastructure: combining X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy. | Advances in structural biology are opening greater opportunities for understanding biological structures from the cellular to the atomic level. Particularly promising are the links that can be established between the information provided by electron microscopy and the atomic structures derived from X-ray crystallograph... |
11051084 | Oligomeric state of the muscle glycogen phosphorylase b in the system of reversed micelles of aerosol OT in octane. | The oligomeric state and formation of supramolecular structures of glycogen phosphorylase b from rabbit skeletal muscle was studied in the system of aerosol OT (AOT) reversed micelles in octane. The sedimentation experiments have shown that the enzyme oligomeric state depends on the degree of micelle hydration. The enz... |
11031240 | Molecular recognition and response in pollen and pistil interactions. | Many bisexual flowering plants possess a reproductive strategy called self-incompatibility (SI) that enables the female tissue (the pistil) to reject self but accept non-self pollen for fertilization. Three different SI mechanisms are discussed, each controlled by two separate, highly polymorphic genes at the S-locus. ... |
11032323 | Neocentric activity of rye 5RL chromosome in wheat. | The neocentric activity of a constriction located on the long arm of rye 5R chromosome (5RL) was analysed. It is not observed in normal rye but it is unusually stretched in bivalents involving 5RL telosomes in wheat-ditelosomic 5RL addition lines. In 20% of metaphase I cells, the 5RL bivalent presents the centromeres o... |
11032322 | Comparative analysis of DNA methylation in tobacco heterochromatic sequences. | Cytosine methylation levels and susceptibility to drug-induced hypomethylation have been studied in several Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) DNA repetitive sequences. It has been shown using HapII, MspI, BamHI and Sau3AI methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes that the degree of 5'-mCmCG-3' methylation varied significantl... |
11032321 | Common methylation characteristics of sex chromosomes in somatic and germ cells from mouse, lemur and human. | DNA methylation of sex chromosomes was analysed using anti-5-methylcytosine antibodies on metaphase chromosomes of somatic cells from three species: human, lemur and mouse. Germ cells were also studied in male mouse. In female cells (human and mouse), the late replicating X was always the less methylated chromosome. Co... |
11032320 | Gametocidal factor-induced structural rearrangements in rye chromosomes added to common wheat. | The gametocidal factor on the Aegilops cylindrica chromosome 2Cc was used to induce and analyze the nature of chromosomal rearrangements in rye chromosomes added to wheat. For this purpose we isolated plants disomic for a given rye chromosome and monosomic for 2Cc and analyzed their progenies cytologically. Rearranged ... |
11032319 | Spatial arrangement of genes, centromeres and chromosomes in human blood cell nuclei and its changes during the cell cycle, differentiation and after irradiation. | Higher-order compartments of nuclear chromatin have been defined according to the replication timing, transcriptional activity, and information content (Ferreira et al. 1997, Sadoni et al. 1999). The results presented in this work contribute to this model of nuclear organization. Using different human blood cells, nucl... |
11032318 | Structure and evolution of supernumerary chromosomes in the Pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus. | We examined the genetic make-up and plausible origins of the supernumerary (B) chromosomes of the Pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus, from the Pacific Northwest of North America. These salamanders have variable numbers of B chromosomes, from 0 to 10 per individual. Salamanders from the most southerly and ... |
11032317 | Molecular cloning and characterization of the Fugu rubripes MEST/COPG2 imprinting cluster and chromosomal localization in Fugu and Tetraodon nigroviridis. | We isolated Fugu genomic clones using the human MEST (Mesoderm-Specific Transcript) cDNA as probe. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of MEST and three additional genes which show homology to plant DNBP (DNA-Binding Protein), vertebrate COPG2 (Coat Protein Gamma 2), as well as to human and mouse UCN (Urocortin). S... |
11032316 | Sex chromosome differentiation revealed by genomic in-situ hybridization. | In this work, genomic in-situ hybridization (GISH) was used to study the sex chromosome molecular differentiation on chromosomes of male and female individuals of the isopod crustacean Asellus aquaticus. As a composite hybridization probe, we contemporaneously used male and female whole genomic DNA differently labelled... |
10997783 | Cytological and molecular analysis in the rare discoglossid species, Alytes muletensis (Sanchiz & Adrover 1977) and its bearing on archaeobatrachian phylogeny. | Cytogenetic and molecular data on Alytes muletensis (Amphibia: Discoglossidae) are compared with other representatives of archaeobatrachian frogs: Bombina variegata pachypus, Pelobates cultripes, Pelodytes punctatus, Xenopus laevis, and Discoglossus. A. muletensis has the karyotype typical for the genus Alytes, 38 elem... |
10997782 | Fitness effect analysis of a heterochromatic supernumerary segment in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans. | Several components of fitness were analysed in relation to the presence of a supernumerary chromosome segment (SCS) in two natural populations of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans, including clutch size, egg fertility, egg and embryo productivity and survivability from embryo to adult, and SCS transmission through ... |
10997781 | The distribution of somatic H1 subtypes is non-random on active vs. inactive chromatin: distribution in human fetal fibroblasts. | Chromatin immunoprecipitation was employed to determine whether or not the previously reported depletion of histone H1 on actively transcribed sequences was selective with respect to H1 subtypes. DNA of immunofractionated chromatin was analyzed by slot-blots for repetitive sequences and PCR for single and low-copy sequ... |
10997780 | Reciprocal chromosome painting illuminates the history of genome evolution of the domestic cat, dog and human. | Domestic cats and dogs are important companion animals and model animals in biomedical research. The cat has a highly conserved karyotype, closely resembling the ancestral karyotype of mammals, while the dog has one of the most extensively rearranged mammalian karyotypes investigated so far. We have constructed the fir... |
10997779 | Combined PI-DAPI staining (CPD) reveals NOR asymmetry and facilitates karyotyping of plant chromosomes. | This paper presents a preparative and staining procedure for plant mitotic chromosomes that uses a combination of PI (propidium iodide) and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindol) and which reveals a pattern of high-affinity regions for these fluorochromes. Nucleolar organiser regions (NORs), telomeres and centromeric regi... |
10997778 | Molecular organization of the Drosophila melanogaster Adh chromosomal region in D. repleta and D. buzzatii, two distantly related species of the Drosophila subgenus. | The molecular organization of a 1.944-Mb chromosomal region of Drosophila melanogaster around the Adh locus has been analyzed in two repleta group species: D. repleta and D. buzzatii. The extensive genetic and molecular information about this region in D. melanogaster makes it a prime choice for comparative studies of ... |
10997777 | Interstitial colocalization of two cervid satellite DNAs involved in the genesis of the Indian muntjac karyotype. | A number of repetitive DNA clones were generated from PCR amplifications of Indian muntjac genomic DNA using primer sequences derived from a white tailed deer satellite II DNA sequence. One clone (Mmv-0.7) was characterized and shown to be a cervid satellite II DNA clone. Multiple colored FISH studies with cervid satel... |
10994572 | [Survival and quality of life of patients with multiple organ failure one year after leaving an intensive care unit]. | <h4>Background</h4>The patients' mortality with multiple organ failure (MOF) is very high and patients who consume the most resources are those with uncertain prognosis. In order to use the limited resources adequately, it is necessary to know the cost-benefit relationship of their treatment and in this study cost, mor... |
10966480 | Swinging arms and swinging domains in multifunctional enzymes: catalytic machines for multistep reactions. | Multistep chemical reactions are increasingly seen as important in a growing number of complex biotransformations. Covalently attached prosthetic groups or swinging arms, and their associated protein domains, are essential to the mechanisms of active-site coupling and substrate channeling in a number of the multifuncti... |
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