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10972486 | Pharmacokinetics and antitumor properties in tumor-bearing mice of an enediol analogue inhibitor of glyoxalase I. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The enediol analogue S-(N-p-chlorophenyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathione (CHG) is a powerful, mechanism-based, competitive inhibitor of the methylglyoxal-detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase I. The [glycyl,glutamyl]diethyl ester prodrug form of this compound (CHG(Et)2) inhibits the growth of different tumor cel... |
10970069 | Development of the innervation of long bones: expression of the growth-associated protein 43. | It has been known from clinical and experimental observations that the peripheral nervous system is involved in the development of long bones. Expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43/B-50) was found in axonal growth cones during embryonic and postnatal ontogeny as well as in regenerating axons after nerve in... |
10968280 | DNA double helix destabilizing properties of cyclobisintercaland compounds and competition with a single strand binding protein. | The DNA helix destabilizing activity of a series of cyclobisintercaland compounds (CBIs) has been evaluated by measuring their ability to displace a 32P-labelled oligonucleotide primer (17-mer) hybridized to the single stranded DNA of M13. This destabilizing activity appears to be strongly dependent on the cyclic struc... |
10961951 | Recognition of multiple drugs by a single protein: a trivial solution of an old paradox. | Multidrug-efflux transporters recognize scores of structurally dissimilar toxic compounds and expel them from cells. The broad chemical specificity of these transporters challenges some of the basic dogmas of biochemistry and remains unexplained. To understand, at least in principle, how a protein can recognize multipl... |
10961917 | Recombinant expression systems for the production of collagen. | The ability of triple-helical collagen molecules to assemble into supramolecular structures forms the basis of commercial uses of collagen in the food industry and in medical applications such as cosmetic surgery and tissue repair. We have used cDNA techniques to engineer novel collagens with potentially enhanced biolo... |
10961680 | Biomimetic polyesters and their role in ion transport across cell membranes. | Syntheses of biomimetic low-molecular weight poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate mediated by three types of supramolecular catalysts are presented. The utility of these synthetic polyesters for preparation of artificial channels in phospholipid bilayers capable of sodium and calcium ion transport across cell membranes, is disc... |
10954199 | Recent developments in structure-based drug design. | Structure-based design has emerged as a new tool in medicinal chemistry. A prerequisite for this new approach is an understanding of the principles of molecular recognition in protein-ligand complexes. If the three-dimensional structure of a given protein is known, this information can be directly exploited for the ret... |
10949585 | The terminase enzyme from bacteriophage lambda: a DNA-packaging machine. | This review focuses on the biochemical, biophysical, and catalytic properties of terminase, an enzyme involved in bacteriophage lambda genome packaging. The holoenzyme possesses ATPase, DNA strand-separation, and site-specific nuclease activities that work in concert to insert a viral genome into the confines of a perf... |
10949580 | The biology of cell locomotion within three-dimensional extracellular matrix. | Cell migration in three-dimensional (3-D) extracellular matrix (ECM) is not a uniform event but rather comprises a modular spectrum of interdependent biophysical and biochemical cell functions. Haptokinetic cell migration across two-dimensional (2-D) surfaces consists of at least three processes: (i) the protrusion of ... |
10949115 | Effect of liposome molecular composition on its ability to carry drugs. | Liposomes have become a popular supramolecular structures used to deliver highly toxic drugs. In order to fulfill commercial handling requirements, the lipid-drug aggregate has to form stable and reproducible preparations. When applied as a therapeutic agent, its behavior must ensure proper drug distribution and well c... |
10940250 | The structural biology of molecular recognition by vancomycin. | Vancomycin is the archetype among naturally occurring compounds known as glycopeptide antibiotics. Because it is a vital therapeutic agent used world-wide for the treatment of infections with gram-positive bacteria, emerging bacterial resistance to vancomycin is a major public health threat. Recent investigations into ... |
10932100 | Thin molecular films of supramolecular porphyrins. | A relevant series of symmetric supramolecular porphyrins has been obtained by attaching four [RuII(bipy)2Cl] groups to the pyridyl substituents of meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin and its metallated derivatives. These compounds display a rich electrochemistry and versatile catalytic, electrocatalytic and photochemical pr... |
10934740 | Improvement of solubility and oral bioavailability of rutin by complexation with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The object of this study was to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability of rutin by complexation with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD). The interaction of rutin with cyclodextrins (CyDs) was evaluated by the solubility, and ultraviolet (UV) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroph... |
10934732 | Development and testing of an improved parenteral formulation of phenytoin using 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The objective of this study was to increase the solubility of phenytoin by complexing it with varying concentrations of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and create an entirely aqueous formulation with a pH significantly closer to physiologic pH (7.4). The phenytoin-HPBCD complexation was characterized using ph... |
10935454 | Neural networks are useful tools for drug design. | A profound understanding of molecular recognition processes and the underlying molecular interaction patterns is a prerequisite for future progress and success in rational drug design. Neural networks could play an important role in guiding the Drug Discovery process through the extraction of relevant molecular feature... |
10919725 | Modification of wheat rDNA loci by rye B chromosomes: a chromatin organization model. | The rDNA loci, and their associated NORs, on chromosomes 1B and 6B of the hexaploid wheat cv. Lindström have been used as a chromatin marker to investigate the functional basis of the phenotype effects of introgressed supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) of rye. The rye Bs themselves lack genes, other than those which dete... |
10919724 | Sex chromosome evolution in fish. II. Second occurrence of an X1X2Y sex chromosome system in Gymnotiformes. | A multiple sex chromosome system of the X1X1X2X2:X1X2Y type is reported to occur in the fish species Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus (Gymnotiformes, Hypopomidae), being the second occurrence of this sex chromosome system in Gymnotiformes and the fifth among Neotropical freshwater fish. The possible origin of this system ... |
10919723 | Human monochromosome hybrid cell panel characterized by FISH in the JCRB/HSRRB. | The human monochromosome hybrid cell panel in the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources (JCRB) consists of 23 mouse cell clones, each containing a different human chromosome (the Y chromosome is not yet included). The panel is currently distributed by the Human Science Research Resources Bank (HSRRB) in Osaka. I... |
10919722 | Physical mapping, expression patterns and interphase organisation of rDNA loci in Portuguese endemic Silene cintrana and Silene rothmaleri. | Double target in situ hybridization to root tip metaphase and interphase cells of Silene cintrana and Silene rothmaleri was used to allocate the position of 18S-5.8S-25S and 5S rRNA genes. In both species, the 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA probe labelled four sites located on the short arms of two submetacentric chromosomes. Only ... |
10919721 | Inactive ribosomal cistrons are spread throughout the B chromosomes of Rattus rattus (Rodentia, Muridae). Implications for their origin and evolution. | In-situ hybridization with a rDNA probe has demonstrated the presence of non-transcribed ribosomal genes in the B chromosomes of the black rat Rattus rattus. To test whether methylation of ribosomal DNA present in the B chromosomes could account for their inactivation, we performed in-situ digestions and Southern analy... |
10919720 | Comparative chromosome banding analysis of three South American species of rice rats of the genus Oryzomys (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae). | Comparative G- and C-banding analysis in three species of rice rats, namely Oryzomys megacephalus from Peru and French Guiana, O. yunganus (Peru) and O. nitidus (Bolivia) was carried out. It revealed that Peruvian O. megacephalus (2N = 52, NFa = 62) and that from French Guiana (2N = 54, NFa = 64) differ from each other... |
10919719 | FISH to mitotic chromosomes and extended DNA fibres of Beta procumbens in a series of monosomic additions to beet (B. vulgaris). | The physical localization and organization of a Procumbentes-specific repetitive DNA sequence, PB6-4, on the chromosomes of Beta procumbens (2n = 18) were studied, using FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) to mitotic chromosomes and extended DNA fibres. The chromosomes of B. procumbens were studied in metaphase c... |
10919718 | Sex-chromosome pairing through heterochromatin in the African rodent Lemniscomys barbarus (Rodentia, Muridae). A synaptonemal complex study. | Giemsa-stained spread preparations and microspread preparations of Lemniscomys barbarus spermatocytes were made to investigate the meiotic behaviour of the peculiar sex chromosomes of this species. A typical sex vesicle is absent, as the X and Y chromosomes appear unfolded at zygotene and pachytene. In most cells, the ... |
10885066 | Determination of morphine, oripavine and pseudomorphine using capillary electrophoresis with acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence detection. | A simple and robust capillary electrophoresis chemiluminescence detection system for the determination of morphine, oripavine and pseudomorphine is described, based upon the reaction of these analytes with acidic potassium permanganate in the presence of sodium polyphosphate. The reagent solution was contained in a qua... |
10885063 | Nanobiotechnology and its role in the development of new analytical devices. | Physical methods of molecule observation and manipulation will prove useful, not only as research tools for investigating biomolecular structure and behavior, but also for the creation of nanostructures. Supramolecular and self-assembling structures are able to generate nanostructures, with many such systems being of b... |
10876377 | Evaluation of certain food additives. Fifty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. | This report presents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, with a view to recommending Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) for humans, and to prepare specifications for the identity and purity of food additives. The first part of the report contains a... |
10874579 | Cellulose microfibrils in plants: biosynthesis, deposition, and integration into the cell wall. | Cellulose occurs in all higher plants and some algae, fungi, bacteria, and animals. It forms microfibrils containing the crystalline allomorphs, cellulose I alpha and I beta. Cellulose molecules are 500-15,000 glucose units long. What controls molecular size is unknown. Microfibrils are elongated by particle rosettes i... |
10867683 | Characterization of intermolecular beta-sheet peptides by mass spectrometry and hydrogen isotope exchange. | The self-assembly of beta-sheet peptide domains resulting in the formation of fibrillar aggregates (amyloids) is a feature of various neurodegenerative disorders. In order to evaluate mass spectrometric methods for the characterization of intermolecular beta-sheet structures the hydrogen/deuterium exchange behaviour of... |
10855949 | Effects of L-dopa treatment on methylation in mouse brain: implications for the side effects of L-dopa. | The effects of L-dopa on methylation process in the mouse brain were investigated. The study is based on recent findings that methylation may play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD) and in the actions of L-dopa. The methyl donor, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and a product of SAM, methyl beta-carboline, were sh... |
10849854 | Production of cyclodextrins in a fluidized-bed reactor using cyclodextrin-glycosyl-transferase. | Cyclodextrin-glycosyl-transferase (EC2.4.1.19), produced by Wacker (Munich, Germany), was purified by biospecific affinity chromatography with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) as ligand, and immobilized into controlled pore silica particles (0.42 mm). This immobilized enzyme (IE) had 4.7 mg of protein/g of support and a spe... |
10849849 | Enhancement of selectivity for producing gamma-cyclodextrin. | The production of cyclodextrins (CDs) by cyclodextrin-glycosyl-transferase (CGTase) from Bacillus firmus was studied, with respect to the effect of the source of starch upon CD yield and on the selectivity for producing gamma-CD. Cyclodextrin production tests were run for 24 h at 50 degrees C, pH 8.0, and 1 mg/L of CGT... |
10841054 | Cytogenetic studies of Hynobiidae (Urodela) XVI. Comparative C-banded karyotype analysis of Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus (Fei et Ye), Ranodon shihi (Liu) and Batrachuperus pinchonii (David). | Initial analysis of Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus chromosomes determined the chromosome number of this species to be 2n = 52. A re-examination of Ranodon shihi chromosomes detected 2n = 66 chromosomes, in contrast with a previous finding of 2n = 64. The C-banding patterns of these two species and that of Batrachuperus ... |
10841053 | A comparative chromosome map of the Arctic fox, red fox and dog defined by chromosome painting and high resolution G-banding. | A complete set of paint probes, with each probe specific for a single type of dog chromosome, was generated by DOP-PCR amplification of flow-sorted chromosomes. These probes have been assigned to high-resolution G-banded chromosomes of the dog and Arctic fox by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. On the basis of these ... |
10841052 | Chromosome no. 1 of Crepis capillaris shows defined 3D-shapes in mitotic prophase. | The shape of mitotic prophase chromosomes has been studied in root tip nuclei by confocal microscopy and 3D-image analysis. Crepis capillaris chromosome no. 1 was used as a test object. Chromosome conformation was studied in early, mid- and in late prophase. In mid- and late prophase, individual chromosomes could be di... |
10841051 | Cytogenetic analysis of the pufferfish Tetraodon fluviatilis (Osteichthyes). | Because of their compact genome, pufferfish (Tetraodontiformes) have been proposed as a model for the study of the vertebrate genome. The genome of pufferfish is peculiar as it has the structural complexity of the genomes of higher vertebrates, but has small introns and lacks large clusters of highly repetitive sequenc... |
10841050 | Differentiation and the polymorphic nature of the Y chromosomes revealed by repetitive sequences in the dioecious plant, Rumex acetosa. | The dioecious plant Rumex acetosa has a multiple sex chromosome system: females are 2n = XX + 12, males are 2n = XY1Y2 + 12, and the two Y chromosomes are heterochromatic. A DNA sequence abounded in the mare genome was isolated and analyzed. The sequence (RAE180) was a 180-bp-long tandemly arranged repetitive sequence,... |
10841049 | Comparative chromosome map of the laboratory mouse and Chinese hamster defined by reciprocal chromosome painting. | Cross-species reciprocal chromosome painting was used to determine homologous chromosomal regions between the laboratory mouse and Chinese hamster. When mouse chromosome-specific paints were hybridized to Chinese hamster chromosomes, paints specific for mouse chromosomes 3, 4, 9, 14, 18, 19 and X each painted a single ... |
10841048 | Major and 5S ribosomal sequences of the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Perciformes, Centrarchidae) are localized in GC-rich regions of the genome. | Major and 5S ribosomal genes have been localized in the chromosomes of Micropterus salmoides. By C-banding, Ag-staining, CMA3-staining and 45S and 5S fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), we demonstrate that the 45S and 5S ribosomal genes are clustered in two different chromosome pairs and both are located in hete... |
10841047 | A novel interspersed type of organization of satellite DNAs in Tribolium madens heterochromatin. | Analysis of arrangement of satellite DNA sequences in Tribolium madens (Insecta, Coleoptera) by Southern analysis of pulsed-field blots and two colour FISH on extended chromosomes and DNA fibres revealed a novel type of heterochromatin organization. Two satellite DNAs, distributed over the whole pericentromeric heteroc... |
10841046 | Chromosomal location and nucleotide sequences of 5S ribosomal DNA of two cyprinid species (Osteichthyes, Pisces). | 5S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) from two cyprinid species, Acheilognathus tabira subsp. 1 and Cyprinus carpio, were isolated and sequenced. Tandemly arranged rDNAs were 179 bp in A. tabira and 204 bp in C. carpio. The non-transcribed spacer region elucidates the size difference of 5S rDNA between the two species. Fluorescenc... |
10841045 | Generation of transgenic mice and germline transmission of a mammalian artificial chromosome introduced into embryos by pronuclear microinjection. | We have generated transgenic mice by pronuclear microinjection of a murine satellite DNA-based artificial chromosome (SATAC). As 50% of the founder progeny were SATAC-positive, this demonstrates that SATAC transmission through the germline had occurred. FISH analyses of metaphase chromosomes from mitogen-activated peri... |
10813970 | Wittig reactions on photoprotoporphyrin IX: new synthetic models for the special pair of the photosynthetic reaction center. | A first example of spirochlorin-chlorin dimer with fixed distances and orientations as potential model for the "special pair" of the photosynthetic reaction center is discussed. For the preparation of such a novel structure, the Wittig reagent of the desired "spacer" 5 was reacted with photoprotoporphyrin IX dimethyl e... |
10813390 | Cell nucleus in context. | The molecular pathways that participate in regulation of gene expression are being progressively unraveled. Extracellular signals, including the binding of extracellular matrix and soluble molecules to cell membrane receptors, activate specific signal transducers that process information inside the cell leading to alte... |
10786909 | Differentiation of enantiomers using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. | Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has successfully been used to differentiate pseudo-enantiomeric (isotopically labelled) amino acids by using cyclodextrin as complexing host. By using different pseudo-enantiomeric mixtures (i.e. R(Dn) + S; and R + S(Dn)), it has been demonstrated... |
10786905 | Effects of ion mode and matrix additives in the identification of bacteria by intact cell mass spectrometry. | Protocols for the identification of bacterial cells by intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICM-TOFMS) are presented. A mass range of 500 to 10,000 m/z is used. The use of formic acid and the crown ether 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6) is desc... |
10786897 | Comparison of cyclodextrin-barbiturate noncovalent complexes using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. | Various noncovalent complexes between native and derivatized cyclodextrins (CDs) and barbiturates were studied using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This paper involves the study of four aspects of CD-barbiturate noncovalent inclusion complexes. The first study foc... |
10786633 | A new human member of the MYST family of histone acetyl transferases with high sequence similarity to Drosophila MOF. | We have identified a novel human gene product, hMOF, which exhibits significant similarity to the Drosophila dosage compensation regulator, MOF. A recombinant C-terminal portion of hMOF has histone acetyltransferase activity directed toward histones H3, H2A and H4, a specificity characteristic of other MYST family hist... |
10782309 | Crystal structure of hexakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-alpha-cyclodextrin-acetonitrile dihydrate: a channel formed by methyl groups harbors a chain of five partially occupied water sites. | Hexakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-alpha-cyclodextrin (DIMEA) crystallizes from 1:1 water-acetonitrile as DIMEA-acetonetril-dihydrate in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), unit cell dimensions a = 14.2775(5), b = 15.7312(5), c = 31.1494(11) A. Refinement of the structure against 5540 X-ray diffraction data converged at ... |
10782287 | Evidence for covalent binding between copper ions and cyclodextrin cavity: a vibrational circular dichroism study. | Vibrational absorption and circular dichroism (VCD) spectra were obtained for parent cyclodextrins, hydroxyl deuterated alpha-cyclodextrin, cyclodextrin-copper complexes, and for the cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with Methyl Orange, methyloxirane, 1-propanol, and substituted cyclohexanones, in the solution phase. Ch... |
10780705 | The consequences of a non-uniform tension across kinetochores: lessons from segregation of chromosomes in the permanent translocation heterozygote Oenothera. | The alternate (zigzag) configuration of the chromosome ring in oenotheras fulfills the requirement of high tension across kinetochores for stability of the configuration and the progression to anaphase. However, also semialternate configurations (two pairs of adjacent kinetochores interspaced among the zigzag) fulfill ... |
10780704 | Evidence that kinetochore fibre microtubules shorten predominantly at the pole in anaphase flea-beetle spermatocytes. | Kinetochore spindle fibres in flea-beetle metaphase primary spermatocytes have two regions with distinct morphologies. As seen after staining with antibodies against tubulin, the kinetochore microtubules are tightly bundled in the 5 microm closest to the kinetochore but they splay out in the region closest to the pole.... |
10780703 | Replication asynchrony increases in women at risk for aneuploid offspring. | We attempted to demonstrate a relation between a loss of replication control, centromere dysfunction, and predisposition to non-disjunction. Couples with a Down syndrome offspring were the high-risk probands. One-color FISH (fluorescent in-situ hybridization) was applied to interphase nuclei (lymphocytes). Replication ... |
10780702 | Fate of multicentric and ring chromosomes induced by a new gametocidal factor located on chromosome 4Mg of Aegilops geniculata. | A new gametocidal (Gc) factor was identified on chromosome 4Mg of Aegilops geniculata Roth. When transferred to Chinese Spring wheat, monosomic and disomic Triticum aestivum-Ae. geniculata chromosome 4Mg addition plants undergo regular first and second meiotic divisions. Male gametogenesis in disomic 4Mg addition plant... |
10780701 | Evaluation of 24-color multifluor-fluorescence in-situ hybridization (M-FISH) karyotyping by comparison with reverse chromosome painting of the human breast cancer cell line T-47D. | Multifluor-fluorescence in-situ hybridization (M-FISH) chromosome paints for all the chromosomes in the human complement labeled with different combinations of fluorochromes is a recent technological development enabling assignment of chromosomal material to rearranged chromosomes. Little data is available on the accur... |
10780700 | Introgression of Lilium rubellum Baker chromosomes into L. longiflorum Thunb.: a genome painting study of the F1 hybrid, BC1 and BC2 progenies. | Interspecific hybrids between Lilium longiflorum (L, 2n = 2x = 24) and Lilium rubellum (R, 2n = 2x = 24) were produced with the aim of transferring desirable horticultural traits from L. rubellum to L. longiflorum. All F1 hybrids (LR, 2n = 2x = 24) and BC1 individuals (LLR, 2n = 3x = 36) were phenotypically uniform for... |
10780699 | An XX/XY sex chromosome system in a fish species, Hoplias malabaricus, with a polymorphic NOR-bearing X chromosome. | Cytogenetic studies were carried out in the fish, Hoplias malabaricus, from the Parque Florestal do Rio Doce (Brazil). This population is characterized by 2n = 42 chromosomes for both males and females and an XX/XY sex chromosome system, confirmed through several banding methods. Females show 24 metacentric, 16 submeta... |
10780698 | Maternally inherited X chromosome is not inactivated in mouse blastocysts due to parental imprinting. | Mouse embryos having an additional maternally inherited X chromosome (X(M)) invariably die before midgestation with the deficient extraembryonic ectoderm of the polar trophectoderm lineage, whereas postnatal mice having an additional paternally inherited X chromosome (X(P)) survive beyond parturition. A cytogenetic stu... |
10780697 | Chromosome identification and assignment of DNA clones in the dog using a red fox and dog comparative map. | We have developed a novel method for identifying dog chromosomes and unambiguously mapping specific clones onto canine chromosomes. This method uses a previously established red fox/dog comparative chromosome map to guide the FISH mapping of cloned canine DNA. Mixing metaphase preparations of the red fox and dog enable... |
10774586 | Inhibitory effects of EICAR on infectious pancreatic necrosis virus replication. | Recently, the antiviral 5-ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) was shown to inhibit the replication of the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). In order to obtain more information about the mechanism of the antiviral action of EICAR we studied its effect on viral macromolecules synthesi... |
10766958 | Circular dichroism and resonance raman comparative studies of wild type cytochrome c and F82H mutant. | The UV-visible, circular dichroism (CD), and resonance Raman (RR) spectra of the wild type yeast iso-1-cytochrome c (WT) and its mutant F82H in which phenylalanine-82 (Phe-82) is substituted with His are measured and compared for oxidized and reduced forms. The CD spectra in the intrinsic and Soret spectral region, as ... |
10766337 | Mixed-ligand complexes of copper(II) ions with AMP and CMP in the systems with polyamines and non-covalent interaction between bioligands. | The occurrence of non-covalent interactions and formation of molecular complexes between adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) or cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP) and the polyamines, putrescine, 1,7-diamino-4-azaheptane (3,3-tri), spermidine and 1,11-diamino-4,8-diazaundecane (3,3,3-tet), were detected in metal-free systems.... |
10766506 | Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the cyclodextrin-allyl isothiocyanate inclusion complex in an aqueous solution. | The decomposition of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in an aqueous solution was depressed in the presence of cyclodextrin (CD), it's suppression effect increasing in the order of none < beta-CD < alpha-CD. The results of kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the CD-AITC inclusion complexes showed that the inclusion process... |
10758912 | Gene delivery and expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: effects of synthetic carriers, serum, extracellular matrix and viral promoters. | Non-viral gene therapy is a potential treatment to many incurable retinal diseases. To fulfill this promise, plasmid DNA must be delivered to the retinal target cells. We evaluated the efficacy of synthetic DNA complexing compounds in transfecting primary human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro. Fetal hum... |
10747403 | A self-assembled cylindrical capsule: new supramolecular phenomena through encapsulation. | The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of self-assembled cylindrical capsule 1a x 1a of nanometer dimensions is described. Encapsulation studies of large organic guest molecules were performed by using 1H NMR sprectroscopy in [D12]mesitylene solution. In addition to the computational (MacroModel 5.5, Amber* f... |
10747387 | Towards synthetic adrenaline receptors. | The macrocyclic bisphosphonate 2 forms complexes with amino alcohols, amines, and amino acid esters with high association constants in polar organic solvents. Exertion of solvophobic interactions inside the macrocyclic cavity in DMSO and methanol leads to specificity for guest molecules with hydrophobic moieties. Exper... |
10743659 | Molecular cloning, functional expression and characterisation of RCC reductase involved in chlorophyll catabolism. | Red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) reductase (RCCR) and pheophorbide (Pheide) a oxygenase (PaO) catalyse the key reaction of chlorophyll catabolism, porphyrin macrocycle cleavage of Pheide a to a primary fluorescent catabolite (pFCC). RCCR was purified from barley and a partial gene sequence was cloned (pHvRCCR). The gen... |
10736966 | Inclusion of piroxicam into beta-cyclodextrin by means of supercritical carbon dioxide: thermal, spectroscopic and physicochemical studies. | The preparation of a piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound using supercritical CO2 was investigated. The solubility piroxicam in supercritical CO2 was determined. The influence of the temperature, the pressure and the time of exposure on the inclusion rate were studied and a complete inclusion was achieved by ... |
10639070 | Soluble molybdenum blues-"des Pudels Kern". | The earlier tremendous interest in molybdenum blue solutions-an enigma for generations of chemists-became even more pronounced when it turned out that the basic building units correspond to giant wheel-shaped clusters with nanostructured cavities, displaying exceptional aesthetic beauty. This discovery will stimulate n... |
10730592 | CIS--cloning of identical sequences between two complex genomes. | Development of the methods permitting cloning of identical sequences between two sources of DNA can be very useful for many purposes, including isolation of disease genes. Here we describe a new method called CIS (cloning of identical sequences). A combination of digestion with MvnI, treatment with mung bean nuclease, ... |
10730591 | Ty1-copia-retrotransposon behavior in a polyploid cotton. | Retrotransposons constitute a ubiquitous and dynamic component of plant genomes. Intragenomic and intergenomic comparisons of related genomes offer potential insights into retrotransposon behavior and genomic effects. Here, we have used fluorescent in-situ hybridization to determine the chromosomal distributions of a T... |
10730590 | Organization of repetitive DNA sequences at pachytene chromosomes of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata (Pisces, Perciformes). | A method of preparing two-dimensional surface spreads of fish synaptonemal complexes (SCs) associated with fluorescent in-situ hybridization is described. This technique permits a novel approach to the analysis of chromatin organization and the construction of physical maps at meiosis, since surface-spread pachytene ch... |
10730589 | PRINS analysis of the telomeric sequence in seven lemurs. | We examined the chromosomal localization of the telomeric sequence, (TTAGGG)n, in seven species of the lemurs and one greater galago, as an outgroup, using the primed in-situ labeling (PRINS) technique. As expected, the telomeric sequence was identified at both ends of all chromosomes of the eight prosimians. However, ... |
10730588 | Synteny and regional marker order assignment of 26 type I and microsatellite markers to the horse X- and Y-chromosomes. | The hypothesis that the conservation of sex-chromosome-linked genes among placental mammals could be extended to the horse genome was tested using the UCDavis horse-mouse somatic cell hybrid (SCH) panel. By exploiting the fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) technique to localize an anchor locus, X-inactivation-sp... |
10730587 | Early phase karyotype analysis of chromosome segregation after formation of mouse-mouse hybridomas with chromosome painting probes. | FISH analysis with chromosome painting probes allows, better than karyotyping after Giemsa banding, the study of chromosome segregation after hybridoma formation. FISH is particularly useful for intraspecies hybrids and allows visualization of small chromosome fragments. Cell hybrids were constructed between P3 x 63Ag8... |
10730586 | Localization of repetitive DNAs to zebrafish (Danio rerio) chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). | The genome of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, contains two major classes of tandem repetitive elements (AT-rich and GC-rich). The AT-rich repeats can be further subdivided into two subgroups which differ by about 10% of 185 bp in the repeating unit. The chromosomal location of these sequences and the moderately repetitive ... |
10730585 | Meiosis in holocentric chromosomes: orientation and segregation of an autosome and sex chromosomes in Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera). | The meiotic behaviour of the X chromosome and one autosomal pair of the heteropteran Triatoma infestans was analysed by means of C-banding plus DAPI staining. At first metaphase, the X univalent is oriented with its long axis parallel to the equatorial plate, which suggests a holocentric interaction with the spindle fi... |
10730584 | Structure and organization of the rDNA intergenic spacer in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). | A total-genomic cosmid library was created to isolate complete copies of the rDNA cistron of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in order to study the structure and organization of the intergenic spacer (IGS) in this species. A total of 60 rDNA-positive clones (average inserts > 25 kb) was recovered by screening the libr... |
10714708 | Valence tautomerism and macrocycle ruffling in nickel(III) porphyrins. | Nonlocal density functional calculations with full geometry optimization have been carried out on the low-lying electronic states of oxidized nickel porphyrins. For [NiIII(P)(Py)2]+, the ground state corresponds to a t2g6(z2)1 configuration and the t2g6(x2-y2)1 configuration is 0.43 eV higher in energy. In contrast, th... |
10714701 | Towards an artificial model for Photosystem II: a manganese(II,II) dimer covalently linked to ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridine via a tyrosine derivative. | In order to model the individual electron transfer steps from the manganese cluster to the photooxidized sensitizer P680+ in Photosystem II (PS II) in green plants, the supramolecular complex 4 has been synthesized. In this complex, a ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridine type photosensitizer has been linked to a manganese(II)... |
10705476 | The inclusion compounds of beta-cyclodextrin with 4-substituted benzoic acid and benzaldehyde drugs studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | Inclusion compounds of some 4-substituted benzoic acid and benzaldehyde drugs with beta-cyclodextrin were prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability and chemical stability of these drugs were strikingly improved after inclusi... |
10705474 | Interactions of cyclodextrins with dipalmitoyl, distearoyl, and dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline liposomes. A study by leakage of carboxyfluorescein in inner aqueous phase of unilamellar liposomes. | The interaction of cyclodextrins (CDs) with L-alpha-dipalmitoyl phopsatidyl choline (DPPC), L-alpha-distearoyl phosphatidyl choline (DSPC), and L-alpha-dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC) unilamellar liposomes was investigated by the leakage of carboxylfluorescein (CF) entrapped in the inner aqueous phase of liposo... |
10701835 | Preparation and characterization of polyclonal antibodies against human chaperonin 10. | Early pregnancy factor (EPF) has been identified as an extracellular homologue of chaperonin 10 (Cpn10), a heat shock protein that functions within the cell as a molecular chaperone. Here, we report the production of polyclonal antibodies directed against several different regions of the human Cpn10 molecule and their ... |
10688280 | Evidence and possible mechanisms of altered maximum heart rate with endurance training and tapering. | Exercise physiologists, coaches and athletes have traditionally used heart rate (HR) to monitor training intensity during exercise. While it is known that aerobic training decreases submaximal HR (HRsubmax) at a given absolute exercise workload, the general consensus is that maximum HR (HRmax) is relatively unaltered r... |
10688216 | Open management of the abdomen and planned reoperations in severe bacterial peritonitis. | <h4>Objective</h4>To assess the results of open management of the abdomen and planned re-operations in severe bacterial peritonitis after perforation or anastomotic disruption of the digestive tract.<h4>Design</h4>Retrospective study.<h4>Setting</h4>University Hospital, The Netherlands.<h4>Subjects</h4>67 consecutive p... |
10680016 | Effective suicide gene therapy in vivo by EBV-based plasmid vector coupled with polyamidoamine dendrimer. | This study demonstrates in vivo effectiveness of a nonviral vector system, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based plasmid vector coupled with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer (EBV/polyplex), in suicide gene therapy of cancer. The EBV-based vector is a plasmid vector containing EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene and oriP from E... |
10679523 | Production of an activated form of Bacillus stearothermophilus L-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase by directed evolution. | Bacillus stearothermophillus lactate dehydrogenase (bsLDH) is activated in the presence of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (FBP). The activator is expensive and representative of the sort of co-factor complications that are undesirable in industrial processes. Three rounds of random mutagenesis and screening produced a mutan... |
10679896 | The conformations of locked nucleic acids (LNA). | We have used 2D NMR spectroscopy to study the sugar conformations of oligonucleotides containing a conformationally restricted nucleotide (LNA) with a 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridge. We have investigated a modified 9-mer single stranded oligonucleotide as well as three 9- and 10-mer modified oligonucleotides hybridized to... |
10679895 | Crystal structure of asparagine 233-replaced cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. 1011 determined at 1.9 A resolution. | The crystal structure of asparagine 233-replaced cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. 1011 was determined at 1.9 A resolution. While the wild-type CGTase from the same bacterium produces a mixture of mainly alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins, catalyzing the conversion of starch into cyclic ... |
10679894 | Conformations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) in various environments. | Enzymes bind NAD(+) in extended conformations and yet NAD(+) exists in aqueous solution as a compact, folded molecule. Thus, NAD(+) conformation is environment dependent. In an attempt to investigate the effects of environmental changes on the conformation of NAD(+), a series of molecular dynamics simulations in differ... |
10679893 | Application of surface plasmon resonance for analysis of protein-protein interactions in the G protein-mediated signal transduction pathway. | Hundreds of extracellular stimuli are received by cells via the pathways consisting of three basic components: cell-surface receptors, heterotrimeric G proteins, and intracellular effector enzymes or ion channels. A number of additional molecules, including G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), phosducin and Ca(2+... |
10679892 | Membrane-perturbing activity of Viperidae myotoxins: an electrostatic surface potential approach to a puzzling problem. | Phospholipase-like myotoxins are a class of proteins present in Viperidae venom. Despite the high level of amino acid and structural homology with soluble phospholipases A(2), myotoxins are devoid of enzymatic activity and share cytolytic activity by means of a totally unknown mechanism involving the lipid bilayer pert... |
10679891 | Native-like cyclic peptide models of a viral antigenic site: finding a balance between rigidity and flexibility. | Antigenic site A of foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype C) has been reproduced by means of cyclic versions of peptide A15, YTASARGDLAHLTTT, corresponding to residues 136-150 of envelope protein VP1. A structural basis for the design of the cyclic peptides is provided by crystallographic data from complexes between t... |
10681061 | Pullulanase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima: purification by beta-cyclodextrin affinity chromatography. | This is the first report about the isolation of a type I pullulanase from a hyperthermophilic bacterium, Thermotoga maritima strain MSB8. Purification of the enzyme from a cleared cell-free extract was achieved by anion-exchange chromatography and beta-cyclodextrin affinity chromatography. Using this convenient two-ste... |
10678356 | Fusogenic effects of murine retroviruses and cationic enhancers of transduction. | The maturation of retrovirus particles involves proteolytic cleavage of the envelope glycoprotein transmembrane component, resulting in conversion of the virus particle to a fusogenic or infectious state. Susceptible murine cells exposed to virus-containing supernatants from ecotropic retroviral helper cells occasional... |
10678353 | Highly efficient suicide gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by epstein-barr virus-based plasmid vectors combined with polyamidoamine dendrimer. | The present study was aimed at devising an efficient nonviral strategy for suicide gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To improve the efficiency of DNA delivery and expression, we applied Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based plasmid vectors instead of conventional plasmid vectors and combined them with cationic l... |
10677152 | Immobilization of ligand-modified polyamidoamine dendrimer for cultivation of hepatoma cells. | Cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers are known to be highly branched cascade polymers. The core part of these polymers, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, was immobilized onto polystyrene plates to which animal cells do not adhere. using photoreactive 4-(3-trifluoromethylazirino) benzoyl-N-succinimide (TDBA-OSu). Cells of a rat he... |
10677087 | Determination of peroxides by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection. | The combination of cathodic amperometric detection with capillary zone electrophoresis is demonstrated to be a versatile method for the quantification of organic and inorganic peroxides. A gold microelectrode, polarized at -600 mV against an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, is placed at the end of the capillary. Since the ... |
10669808 | [Substituted cyclodextrins as chelating reagents for ethers, thioethers and yperite]. | The complexation of mustard gas Cl(CH(2))(2)S(CH(2))(2) Cl, HD, yperite) and of ethers and thioethers derivatives by cyclodextrins: natural alpha-cyclodextrin (ACD) and substituted B-cyclodextrins was studied by NMR. A 1/1 stoechiometry was found in all cases, while affinity constants were found relatively weak (from 5... |
10670939 | Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) microsphere synthesis and their chemical modifications. | Vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) was dispersion polymerized to give monodisperse microspheres in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a steric stabilizer. The effect of PVP concentration on the size and on microsphere stability during the polymerization process was investigated. Microsphere size was examined when ... |
10670811 | Enantiomer separation of polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers and polychlorinated biphenyl retention behavior on modified cyclodextrin capillary gas chromatography columns. | Seven commercially-available chiral capillary gas chromatography columns containing modified cyclodextrins were evaluated for their ability to separate enantiomers of the 19 stable chiral polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) atropisomers, and for their ability to separate these enantiomers from achiral congeners, necessary f... |
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