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11356118 | The role of sugar residues in molecular recognition by vancomycin. | The sugar residues of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin contribute to the cooperativity of ligand binding, thereby increasing ligand affinity and enhancing antimicrobial activity. To assess the structural basis for these effects, we determined a 0.98 A X-ray crystal structure of the vancomycin aglycon and compared... |
11356570 | Growth inhibition of Bacteroides fragilis by hemopexin: proteolytic degradation of hemopexin to overcome heme limitation. | The stimulatory effect of heme on growth of Bacteroides fragilis, an anaerobic human pathogen, was strongly inhibited by hemopexin, an avid (Kd<1 pM) heme-binding plasma protein. Both rabbit and human hemopexins were bacteriostatic for a limited period of time, suggesting an adaptation by B. fragilis to heme-limited gr... |
11354503 | Electrophoresis separation in open microchannels. A method for coupling electrophoresis with MALDI-MS. | The separation of biological mixtures in open micro-channels using electrophoresis with rapid and simple coupling to mass spectrometry is introduced. Rapid open-access channel electrophoresis employs microchannels that are manufactured on microchips. Separation is performed in the open channels, and the chips are trans... |
11354475 | Structural characterization of quinoxaline homopolymers and quinoxaline/ether sulfone copolymers by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. | Polyphenylquinoxalines (PPQs) are prepared from self-polymerizable quinoxaline monomers that carry fluorine, hydroxyaryl (ArOH), and phenyl substituents. In basic media, these monomers self-polymerize via a series of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions (SNAr), in which aromatic enolates (ArO- nucleophiles) att... |
11353533 | Nanostructured dna-protein aggregates consisting of covalent oligonucleotide-streptavidin conjugates. | Covalent conjugates consisting of streptavidin and a 24-mer single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide have been oligomerized by cross-linking with a 5',5'-bis-biotinylated 169-base-pair double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragment. The oligomeric conjugates formed have been analyzed by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis and scanning-... |
11352993 | TGF-beta increases cholesterol efflux and ABC-1 expression in macrophage-derived foam cells: opposing the effects of IFN-gamma. | The regulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABC-1) expression by cytokines present within the microenvironment of the atheroma may play an important role in determining the impact of reverse cholesterol transport on the atherosclerotic lesion. We recently reported that the macrophage-activating cytokine inter... |
11352943 | The short arm of the laminin gamma2 chain plays a pivotal role in the incorporation of laminin 5 into the extracellular matrix and in cell adhesion. | Laminin 5 is a basement membrane component that actively promotes adhesion and migration of epithelial cells. Laminin 5 undergoes extracellular proteolysis of the gamma2 chain that removes the NH(2)-terminal short arm of the polypeptide and reduces the size of laminin 5 from 440 to 400 kD. The functional consequence of... |
11352754 | Structure activity studies of the melanocortin-4 receptor by in vitro mutagenesis: identification of agouti-related protein (AGRP), melanocortin agonist and synthetic peptide antagonist interaction determinants. | In vitro mutagenesis of the mouse melanocortin-4 receptor (mMC4R) has been performed, based upon homology molecular modeling and previous melanocortin receptor mutagenesis studies that identified putative ligand-receptor interactions. Twenty-three mMC4 receptor mutants were generated and pharmacologically characterized... |
11352735 | Latent specificity of molecular recognition in sodium channels engineered to discriminate between two "indistinguishable" mu-conotoxins. | mu-Conotoxins (mu-CTX) are potent oligopeptide blockers of sodium channels. The best characterized forms of mu-CTX, GIIIA and GIIIB, have similar primary and three-dimensional structures and comparable potencies (IC(50) approximately 30 nM) for block of wild-type skeletal muscle Na(+) channels. The two toxins are thus ... |
11352733 | In vitro assembly of tau protein: mapping the regions involved in filament formation. | Unraveling the mechanism of self-assembly of the protein tau into paired helical filaments (PHFs) is a crucial step toward the understanding of Alzheimer's and other neuropathological diseases at the molecular level. In an effort to map the role of different regions of tau in the mechanism of self-assembly, we have stu... |
11352730 | Cholesterol decreases the interfacial elasticity and detergent solubility of sphingomyelins. | The interfacial interactions of cholesterol with sphingomyelins (SMs) containing various homogeneous acyl chains have been investigated by Langmuir film balance approaches. Low in-plane elasticity among the packed lipids was identified as an important physical feature of the cholesterol-sphingomyelin liquid-ordered pha... |
11350242 | Structure and photophysics of beta-Octafluoro-meso-tetraarylporphyrins. | The structure of THF-coordinated [2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octafluoro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinato]zinc, Zn(F(8)TPP).THF, and photophysical studies of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octafluoro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, F(8)TPP, Zn(F(8)TPP), 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octafluoro-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, F(28... |
11350226 | Rh(III) porphyrins as building blocks for porphyrin coordination arrays: from dimers to heterometallic undecamers. | The coordination chemistry of a Rh(III) porphyrin building block was investigated with a view to the construction of heterometallic arrays of porphyrins. The Rh(III) porphyrin was found to coordinate methanol in the solid state and weakly in CDCl(3) solution. Crystallization afforded five coordinate pi stacked Rh(III) ... |
11350946 | In situ transcription and splicing in the Balbiani ring 3 gene. | The Balbiani ring 3 (BR3) gene contains 38 introns, and more than half of them are co-transcriptionally excised. We have determined the in situ structure of the active BR3 gene by electron tomography. Each of the 20-25 nascent transcripts on the gene is present together with splicing factors and the RNA polymerase II i... |
11350930 | Role of transglutaminase II in retinoic acid-induced activation of RhoA-associated kinase-2. | Transamidation is a post-translational modification of proteins mediated by tissue transglutaminase II (TGase), a GTP-binding protein, participating in signal transduction pathways as a non-conventional G-protein. Retinoic acid (RA), which is known to have a role in cell differentiation, is a potent activator of TGASE:... |
11350866 | Antigenicity and immunogenicity of sulphamethoxazole: demonstration of metabolism-dependent haptenation and T-cell proliferation in vivo. | Sulphamethoxazole has been associated with the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions. There is controversy as to whether the immune response is metabolism-dependent or -independent. We have therefore investigated the site of antigen formation and the nature of the drug signal presented to the immune system in vivo. ... |
11348147 | Sequence specificity of hydrogen-bonded molecular duplexes. | Hydrogen-bonded molecular duplexes, 1.3 and 1.4, each of which contains a mismatched binding site (acceptor-to-acceptor in 1.3, and donor-to-donor in 1.4), were designed and synthesized based on duplex 1.2. One- and two-dimensional NMR studies demonstrated that, despite their single mismatched binding sites, the backbo... |
11331782 | Granzymes A and B directly cleave lamins and disrupt the nuclear lamina during granule-mediated cytolysis. | Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induce apoptosis by engaging death receptors or by exocytosis of cytolytic granules containing granzyme (Gzm) proteases and perforin. The lamins, which maintain the structural integrity of the nuclear envelope, are cleaved by caspases during caspase-mediated apoptosis. Although death recep... |
11331757 | SNARE proteins are highly enriched in lipid rafts in PC12 cells: implications for the spatial control of exocytosis. | Lipid rafts are microdomains present within membranes of most cell types. These membrane microdomains, which are enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, have been implicated in the regulation of certain signal transduction and membrane traffic pathways. To investigate the possibility that lipid rafts organize e... |
11331785 | Comparison of the early stages of forced unfolding for fibronectin type III modules. | The structural changes accompanying stretch-induced early unfolding events were investigated for the four type III fibronectin (FN-III) modules, FN-III(7), FN-III(8), FN-III(9), and FN-III(10) by using steered molecular dynamics. Simulations revealed that two main energy barriers, I and II, have to be overcome to initi... |
11344351 | Mass, charge, and subcellular localization of a unique secretory product identified by the basophil-specific antibody BB1. | <h4>Background</h4>BB1 is a basophil-specific mAb (Lab Invest 1999;79:27-38). The identity of the corresponding antigen has not been determined, but it gives a granular appearance on staining and is secreted on activation of basophils.<h4>Objective</h4>We sought to further characterize the basophilspecific antigen iden... |
11343886 | Comparison of impact of the different hydrophilic carriers on the properties of piperazine-containing drug. | The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a series of nonionic surfactants on the solubility of piperazine-containing drug (meclizine, MZ) in comparison to that of natural cyclodextrins (alpha-CD and beta-CD) and dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD). The solubility of the drug was studied in either ... |
11342649 | Secretory IgA specific for a conserved epitope on gp41 envelope glycoprotein inhibits epithelial transcytosis of HIV-1. | As one of the initial mucosal transmission pathways of HIV (HIV-1), epithelial cells translocate HIV-1 from apical to basolateral surface by nondegradative transcytosis. Transcytosis is initiated when HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins bind to the epithelial cell membrane. Here we show that the transmembrane gp41 subunit of ... |
11341845 | Kinetic analysis of matrix metalloproteinase activity using fluorogenic triple-helical substrates. | Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family members are involved in the physiological remodeling of tissues and embryonic development as well as pathological destruction of extracellular matrix components. To study the mechanisms of MMP action on collagenous substrates, we have constructed homotrimeric, fluorogenic triple-he... |
11340102 | Gender may affect the action of garlic oil on plasma cholesterol and glucose levels of normal subjects. | Early trials of garlic preparations on blood lipids mainly supported a lipid-lowering effect, whereas later well-designed garlic tablet trials were mainly entirely null. However, enteric simulation tests suggest that this discordance may result from ineffective delivery of bioactive agents from the brands of garlic pow... |
11339822 | Colocalization prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase--caveolin-1 in endothelial cells and new roles for PGI2 in angiogenesis. | In vascular cells, prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase (PGI2s) has been localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of endothelial cells and in the nuclear and plasma membrane of smooth muscle cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells, we detected the enzyme in abundant cytoplasmic vesicles apparently originating fro... |
11336838 | Model systems: Studying molecular recognition using bacterial n-hybrid systems. | Since the first description of the yeast two-hybrid system, related genetic assays for protein-protein interactions have become popular and powerful tools for structure-function analysis on the scale of individual proteins or whole proteomes. After a somewhat surprising lag, similar systems have recently been described... |
11337155 | Combined hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles intended for oral administration of saquinavir. | The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize an hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin-saquinavir inclusion complex with the purpose of incorporating this complex into poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles in order to increase the drug loading. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin-saquinavir complex was characterized by ... |
11336654 | Substitution of murine ferrochelatase glutamate-287 with glutamine or alanine leads to porphyrin substrate-bound variants. | Ferrochelatase (EC 4.99.1.1) is the terminal enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway and catalyses iron chelation into the protoporphyrin IX ring. Glutamate-287 (E287) of murine mature ferrochelatase is a conserved residue in all known sequences of ferrochelatase, is present at the active site of the enzyme, as inferre... |
11336653 | Self-association and precursor protein binding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tom40p, the core component of the protein translocation channel of the mitochondrial outer membrane. | The precursor protein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (Tom) is a multi-subunit complex containing receptors and a general import channel, of which the core component is Tom40p. Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins are first recognized by surface receptors and then pass through the import cha... |
11336630 | The marks, mechanisms and memory of epigenetic states in mammals. | It is well recognized that there is a surprising degree of phenotypic variation among genetically identical individuals, even when the environmental influences, in the strict sense of the word, are identical. Genetic textbooks acknowledge this fact and use different terms, such as 'intangible variation' or 'development... |
11337384 | Mapping the binding domain of immunoglobulin light chains for Tamm-Horsfall protein. | Cast nephropathy, or myeloma kidney, is a potentially reversible cause of chronic renal failure. In this condition, filtered light chains bind to a common site on Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), which is produced by cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of HENLE: Subsequent aggregation of these proteins produces c... |
11337380 | Heat stress contributes to the enhancement of cardiac mitochondrial complex activity. | Hyperthermic stress is known to protect against myocardial dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is unclear however, what energetic mechanisms are affected by the molecular adaptation to heat stress. We hypothesized that mild hyperthermic stress can increase mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity, afford... |
11337362 | Expression profiling of renal epithelial neoplasms: a method for tumor classification and discovery of diagnostic molecular markers. | The expression patterns of 7075 genes were analyzed in four conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinomas (RCC), one chromophobe RCC, and two oncocytomas using cDNA microarrays. Expression profiles were compared among tumors using various clustering algorithms, thereby separating the tumors into two categories consis... |
11333303 | Electronic detection of nucleic acids: a versatile platform for molecular diagnostics. | A novel platform for the electronic detection of nucleic acids on microarrays is introduced and shown to perform well as a selective detection system for applications in molecular diagnostics. A gold electrode in a printed circuit board is coated with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) containing DNA capture probes. Unla... |
11334679 | Towards the MHC-peptide combinatorics. | The exponentially increased sequence information on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles points to the existence of a high degree of polymorphism within them. To understand the functional consequences of MHC alleles, 36 nonredundant MHC-peptide complexes in the protein data bank (PDB) were examined. Induced f... |
11334732 | A combination of interleukin-2 and 60 nm cationic supramolecular biovectors for the treatment of established tumours by subcutaneous or intranasal administration. | The Supramolecular Biovector (SMBV) KY is a drug delivery nanocarrier which consists of a discretely sized, ionically charged, cross-linked polysaccharide core surrounded by a lipid membrane. We used the non-immunogenic spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma TS/A tumour to test the efficacy on tumour growth of low (10(4) I... |
11333975 | Size-dependent control of the binding of biotinylated proteins to streptavidin using a polymer shield. | Many medical and biotechnological processes rely on controlling and manipulating the molecular-recognition capabilities of proteins. This can be achieved using small molecules capable of competing for protein binding or by changing environmental parameters that affect protein structure and hence binding. An alternative... |
11333246 | Characterization of the S-locus region of almond (Prunus dulcis): analysis of a somaclonal mutant and a cosmid contig for an S haplotype. | Almond has a self-incompatibility system that is controlled by an S locus consisting of the S-RNase gene and an unidentified "pollen S gene." An almond cultivar "Jeffries," a somaclonal mutant of "Nonpareil" (S(c)S(d)), has a dysfunctional S(c) haplotype both in pistil and pollen. Immunoblot and genomic Southern blot a... |
11333217 | Comparative gene expression profiles following UV exposure in wild-type and SOS-deficient Escherichia coli. | The SOS response in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli includes the upregulation of several dozen genes that are negatively regulated by the LexA repressor. Using DNA microarrays containing amplified DNA fragments from 95.5% of all open reading frames identified on the E. coli chromosome, we have examined the changes in ge... |
11331910 | The life cycle of the peroxisome. | Peroxisomes are highly adaptable organelles that carry out oxidative reactions. Distinct cellular machineries act together to coordinate peroxisome formation, growth, division, inheritance, turnover, movement and function. Soluble and membrane-associated components of these machineries form complex networks of physical... |
11331596 | A proline-rich protein binds to the localization element of Xenopus Vg1 mRNA and to ligands involved in actin polymerization. | A 340 nucleotide element within the 3' untranslated region of Vg1 mRNA determines its localization to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes. To identify protein factors that bind to this region, we screened a cDNA expression library with an RNA probe containing this sequence. Five independent isolates encoded a protein... |
11331589 | Association and spreading of the Drosophila dosage compensation complex from a discrete roX1 chromatin entry site. | In Drosophila, dosage compensation is controlled by the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex consisting of MSL proteins and roX RNAs. The MSL complex is specifically localized on the male X chromosome to increase its expression approximately 2-fold. We recently proposed a model for the targeted assembly of the MSL comple... |
11331586 | SNAREs are concentrated in cholesterol-dependent clusters that define docking and fusion sites for exocytosis. | During exocytosis, SNARE proteins of secretory vesicles interact with the corresponding SNARE proteins in the plasmalemma to initiate the fusion reaction. However, it is unknown whether SNAREs are uniformly distributed in the membrane or whether specialized fusion sites exist. Here we report that in the plasmalemma, sy... |
11331579 | Cooperation between actin-binding proteins of invasive Salmonella: SipA potentiates SipC nucleation and bundling of actin. | Pathogen-induced remodelling of the host cell actin cytoskeleton drives internalization of invasive Salmonella by non-phagocytic intestinal epithelial cells. Two Salmonella actin-binding proteins are involved in internalization: SipC is essential for the process, while SipA enhances its efficiency. Using purified SipC ... |
11329465 | Antigenic importance of the carboxy-terminal beta-strand of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein. | Five domains of antigenic importance were previously mapped on the nucleocapsid protein (N) of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and a domain comprised of the 11 C-terminal-most amino acids (residues 112 to 123) was shown to be essential for binding of N-specific conformation-dependent mo... |
11327909 | Cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) complexes with [3(5)]adamanzane, 1,5,9,13-tetraazabicyclo[7.7.3]nonadecane, and [(2.3)(2).2(1)] adamanzane, 1,5,9,12-tetraazabicyclo[7.5.2]hexadecane. | Isolation of the free bicyclic tetraamine, [3(5)]adamanzane.H(2)O (1,5,9,13-tetraazabicyclo[7.7.3]nonadecane.H(2)O), is reported along with the synthesis and characterization of a copper(II) complex of the smaller macrocycle [(2.3)(2).2(1)]adamanzane (1,5,9,12-tetraazabicyclo[7.5.2]hexadecane) and of three cobalt(II), ... |
11329128 | Regenerating optic fibers correct large-scale errors by random growth: evidence from in vivo imaging. | Regenerating optic fibers in goldfish make large-scale errors when they invade tectum and subsequently correct these to generate a projection with moderate retinotopic order by 1 month. The behavior of fibers underlying these extensive rearrangements is not well understood. To clarify this, we have imaged optic fibers ... |
11325251 | Stereochemistry of a spherand-type calixarene. | The stereochemistry of the spherand-type calixarene 2a is analyzed in terms of the configuration of the three 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl subunits (R or S) and the disposition of the methylene groups (crown or twist). X-ray crystallography indicates that the neutral 2a and its mono- or dianion (in form of the salts 2a(-) x ... |
11325250 | Spirodienone derivatives of a spherand-type calixarene. | Oxidation of the spherand-type calixarene 4 with 1 or 2 equiv of phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide/base afforded mono- and bis(spirodienone) derivatives (8b and 9, respectively). The spirodienone groups are derived from the oxidation of two phenols connected by a common methylene group. NOESY data indicated that 9 pos... |
11325953 | Two ResD-controlled promoters regulate ctaA expression in Bacillus subtilis. | The Bacillus subtilis ResDE two-component system plays a positive role in global regulation of genes involved in aerobic and anaerobic respiration. ctaA is one of the several genes involved in aerobic respiration that requires ResD for in vivo expression. The ctaAB-divergent promoter regulatory region has three ResD bi... |
11325740 | Singlet-singlet annihilation kinetics in aggregates and trimers of LHCII. | Singlet-singlet annihilation experiments have been performed on trimeric and aggregated light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) using picosecond spectroscopy to study spatial equilibration times in LHCII preparations, complementing the large amount of data on spectral equilibration available in literature. The annihilation... |
11325737 | Heme photolysis occurs by ultrafast excited state metal-to-ring charge transfer. | Ultrafast time-resolved resonance Raman spectra of carbonmonoxy hemoglobin (Hb), nitroxy Hb, and deoxy Hb are compared to determine excited state decay mechanisms for both ligated and unligated hemes. Transient absorption and Raman data provide evidence for a sequential photophysical relaxation pathway common to both l... |
11325733 | Membrane properties of D-erythro-N-acyl sphingomyelins and their corresponding dihydro species. | We have prepared acyl chain-defined D-erythro-sphingomyelins and D-erythro-dihydrosphingomyelins and compared their properties in monolayer and bilayer membranes. Surface pressure/molecular area isotherms of D-erythro-N-16:0-sphingomyelin (16:0-SM) and D-erythro-N-16:0-dihydrosphingomyelin (16:0-DHSM) show very similar... |
11325715 | Cross-correlation analysis of inner-leaflet-anchored green fluorescent protein co-redistributed with IgE receptors and outer leaflet lipid raft components. | To investigate the structural basis for membrane interactions that occur between Lyn tyrosine kinase and IgE-Fc(epsilon)RI or other components of lipid rafts, we prepared a green fluorescent protein analog of Lyn (PM-EGFP) and used cross-correlation analysis to quantify co-redistributions of aggregates that occur after... |
11320138 | Analysis of the structure-function relationship of the S-layer protein SbsC of Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 by producing truncated forms. | The mature surface layer (S-layer) protein SbsC of Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 comprises amino acids 31-1099 and self-assembles into an oblique lattice type which functions as an adhesion site for a cell-associated high-molecular-mass exoamylase. To elucidate the structure-function relationship of distinct s... |
11316610 | Molecular controls of antigen receptor clustering and autoimmunity. | Cellular organization of the cytoskeleton, assembly of intracellular signaling complexes and movement of membrane receptors into supramolecular activation complexes (SMACs) are crucial prerequisites for lymphocyte activation and function. Full T-cell activation requires costimulatory signals in addition to antigen-medi... |
11313483 | Coupling of mitotic chromosome tethering and replication competence in epstein-barr virus-based plasmids. | The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replicates once per cell cycle and segregates with high efficiency yet does not encode the enzymes needed for DNA replication or the proteins required to contact mitotic spindles. The virus-encoded EBNA-1 (EBV nuclear antigen 1) and latent replication origin (oriP) are required for both rep... |
11313478 | Activated PAK4 regulates cell adhesion and anchorage-independent growth. | The serine/threonine kinase PAK4 is an effector molecule for the Rho GTPase Cdc42. PAK4 differs from other members of the PAK family in both sequence and function. Previously we have shown that an important function of this kinase is to mediate the induction of filopodia in response to activated Cdc42. Since previous c... |
11311310 | Dynamics of microvascular oxygen pressure across the rest-exercise transition in rat skeletal muscle. | There exists substantial controversy as to whether muscle oxygen (O2) delivery (QO2) or muscle mitochondrial O2 demand determines the profile of pulmonary VO2 kinetics in the rest-exercise transition. To address this issue, we adapted intravascular phosphorescence quenching techniques for measurement of rat spinotrapez... |
11312355 | Selective excision of AZTMP by drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. | Two distinct mechanisms can be envisioned for resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) to nucleoside analogs: one in which the mutations interfere with the ability of HIV-1 RT to incorporate the analog, and the other in which the mutations enhance the excision of the analog a... |
11312323 | Binding of recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein to feline cells: role of CXCR4, cell-surface heparans, and an unidentified non-CXCR4 receptor. | To address the role of CXCR4 in the cell-surface attachment of the feline immunodeficency virus (FIV), a soluble fusion protein, gp95-Fc, consisting of the surface glycoprotein (SU, gp95) of either a primary (PPR) or cell line-adapted (34TF10) FIV strain was fused in frame with the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G1.... |
11312320 | CD150 (SLAM) is a receptor for measles virus but is not involved in viral contact-mediated proliferation inhibition. | Measles virus (MV) interacts with cellular receptors on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) which mediate virus binding and uptake. Simultaneously, the direct contact of the viral glycoproteins with the cell surface induces a negative signal blocking progression to the S phase of the cell cycle, resulting... |
11311151 | A neutral sphingomyelinase resides in sphingolipid-enriched microdomains and is inhibited by the caveolin-scaffolding domain: potential implications in tumour necrosis factor signalling. | Sphingomyelinases hydrolyse sphingomyelin to ceramide, a process involved in signal-transduction routes leading to apoptosis and various other cellular responses. In the present study, we investigated the sphingomyelinase content of caveolae, invaginated plasma-membrane microdomains that contain a variety of signalling... |
11311150 | Characterization of membrane-localized and cytosolic Rac-GTPase-activating proteins in human neutrophil granulocytes: contribution to the regulation of NADPH oxidase. | We have investigated the intracellular localization and molecular identity of Rac-GTPase-activating proteins (Rac-GAPs) in human neutrophils. Immunoblot analysis detected the presence of both p190RhoGAP and Bcr mainly in the cytosol. An overlay assay performed with [gamma-(32)P]GTP-bound Rac revealed dominant GAP activ... |
11311141 | Sound attenuation of polymerizing actin reflects supramolecular structures: viscoelastic properties of actin gels modified by cytochalasin D, profilin and alpha-actinin. | Polymerization and depolymerization of cytoskeletal elements maintaining cytoplasmic stiffness are key factors in the control of cell crawling. Rheometry is a significant tool in determining the mechanical properties of the single elements in vitro. Viscoelasticity of gels formed by these polymers strongly depends on b... |
11309204 | Self-assembly and binding of a sorting nexin to sorting endosomes. | The fate of endocytosed membrane proteins and luminal contents is determined by a materials processing system in sorting endosomes. Endosomal retention is a mechanism that traps specific proteins within this compartment, and thereby prevents their recycling. We report that a sorting nexin SNX1, a candidate endosomal re... |
11309802 | Monitoring of in vitro and in vivo translation of green fluorescent protein and its fusion proteins by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. | <h4>Background</h4>Because the process of protein translation is an event of sparse molecules, the measurement requires high sensitivity. One of the candidates for studying the molecules is fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), which gleans quantitative information from fluctuating fluorescence signals in a dilu... |
11303042 | Contribution of P-glycoprotein to the enhancing effects of dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin on oral bioavailability of tacrolimus. | We recently reported that of all hydrophilic cyclodextrin (CyD) derivatives examined, 2,6-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CyD) most significantly increased the aqueous solubility and the dissolution rate, resulting in the improvement of oral bioavailability of the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus in rats. In th... |
11302829 | Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole oral solution in neutropenic children during long-term prophylaxis. | We investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of an oral solution of itraconazole in two groups of neutropenic children stratified by age. Effective concentrations of itraconazole in plasma were reached quickly and maintained throughout treatment. The results indicate a trend toward higher concentrations of itraconaz... |
11302810 | Susceptibility testing of Aspergillus flavus: inoculum dependence with itraconazole and lack of correlation between susceptibility to amphotericin B in vitro and outcome in vivo. | We have attempted to validate in Aspergillus flavus the main in vitro methodologies that have been used to detect resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. We developed a murine model with two A. flavus isolates, one that was apparently resistant in vitro to amphotericin B (AFL5) and another that was resistant to itraconazo... |
11301040 | Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as delivery system for thyroid hormones, regulating glutathione S-transferase expression in rat hepatocyte co-cultures. | Thyroid hormones play a role in the regulation of glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression. Here, co-cultures of rat hepatocytes with bile duct epithelial cells have been used to study the direct effects of both triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) on GST activities and proteins. Because T3 and T4 are poorly wate... |
11297903 | The influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone on naproxen complexation with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The combined effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the solubility of naproxen (NAP) was studied. Phase-solubility analysis at different temperatures was used to investigate interactions in aqueous solution between NAP and the carriers, either alone or in combination. Equ... |
11292808 | Interaction of alpha-agglutinin and a-agglutinin, Saccharomyces cerevisiae sexual cell adhesion molecules. | alpha-Agglutinin and a-agglutinin are complementary cell adhesion glycoproteins active during mating in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They bind with high affinity and high specificity: cells of opposite mating types are irreversibly bound by a few pairs of agglutinins. Equilibrium and surface plasmon resonance ki... |
11288183 | Enzymatic circularization of a malto-octaose linear chain studied by stochastic reaction path calculations on cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. | Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is an enzyme belonging to the alpha-amylase family that forms cyclodextrins (circularly linked oligosaccharides) from starch. X-ray work has indicated that this cyclization reaction of CGTase involves a 23-A movement of the nonreducing end of a linear malto-oligosaccharide from... |
11287588 | In vivo accumulation of cyclin A and cellular replication factors in autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice-associated replication bodies. | Autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) DNA replication is strictly dependent on cellular factors expressed during the S phase of the cell cycle. Here we report that MVM DNA replication proceeds in specific nuclear structures termed autonomous parvovirus-associated replication bodies, where components of the b... |
11287582 | L1 interaction domains of papillomavirus l2 necessary for viral genome encapsidation. | BPHE-1 cells, which harbor 50 to 200 viral episomes, encapsidate viral genome and generate infectious bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) upon coexpression of capsid proteins L1 and L2 of BPV1, but not coexpression of BPV1 L1 and human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) L2. BPV1 L2 bound in vitro via its C-terminal 85 resi... |
11287575 | Replacement of the V3 region of gp120 with SDF-1 preserves the infectivity of T-cell line-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | Interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope and the relevant chemokine receptors is crucial for subsequent membrane fusion and viral entry. Although the V3 region of gp120 is known to determine the cell tropism as well as the coreceptor usage, the significance of the binding of the V3 r... |
11287569 | Identification and antigenicity of broadly cross-reactive and conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1-derived helper T-lymphocyte epitopes. | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific helper T lymphocytes (HTL) play a key role in the immune control of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection, and as such are an important target of potential HIV-1 vaccines. In order to identify HTL epitopes in HIV-1 that might serve as vaccine targets, conserved HIV-1-derived peptides ... |
11287565 | Role of the cytoplasmic domain of the beta-subunit of integrin alpha(v)beta6 in infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus. | Field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are believed to use RGD-dependent integrins as cellular receptors in vivo. Using SW480 cell transfectants, we have recently established that one such integrin, alpha(v)beta6, functions as a receptor for FMDV. This integrin was shown to function as a receptor for vir... |
11275431 | Development and validation of a sensitive and robust LC-tandem MS method for the analysis of warfarin enantiomers in human plasma. | A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS-MS) was developed and validated for measuring warfarin (WAR) enantiomers (R-WAR and S-WAR) in human EDTA plasma. Liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl ether was used to extract the analytes from the plasma. Baseline resolution of S- and R-WAR as well as the ... |
11320328 | Structure of the macrocycle thiostrepton solved using the anomalous dispersion contribution of sulfur. | The structure of a tetragonal crystal form of thiostrepton has been solved using the anomalous dispersive effects of five S atoms from high-redundancy data collected to 1.33 A resolution at the Cu Kalpha wavelength. Data measured to 1.02 A resolution with a synchrotron source were used for refinement. Details of the mo... |
11319214 | Light- and guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate-sensitive localization of a G protein and its effector on detergent-resistant membrane rafts in rod photoreceptor outer segments. | Detergent-resistant membrane microdomains in the plasma membrane, known as lipid rafts, have been implicated in various cellular processes. We report here that a low-density Triton X-100-insoluble membrane (detergent-resistant membrane; DRM) fraction is present in bovine rod photoreceptor outer segments (ROS). In dark-... |
11309399 | ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) functions as a cholesterol efflux regulatory protein. | ABCA1, an ATP-binding cassette transporter mutated in Tangier disease, promotes cellular phospholipid and cholesterol efflux by loading free apoA-I with these lipids. This process involves binding of apoA-I to the cell surface and phospholipid translocation by ABCA1. The goals of this study were to examine the relation... |
11309494 | Low cholesterol stimulates the nonamyloidogenic pathway by its effect on the alpha -secretase ADAM 10. | Biochemical, epidemiological, and genetic findings demonstrate a link between cholesterol levels, processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and Alzheimer's disease. In the present report, we identify the alpha-secretase ADAM 10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) as a major target of the cholesterol effects on... |
11309501 | Selective binding of perfringolysin O derivative to cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains (rafts). | There is increasing evidence that sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich microdomains (rafts) exist in the plasma membrane. Specific proteins assemble in these membrane domains and play a role in signal transduction and many other cellular events. Cholesterol depletion causes disassembly of the raft-associated proteins, su... |
11686885 | The lung as a route for systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides. | The large surface area, good vascularization, immense capacity for solute exchange and ultra-thinness of the alveolar epithelium are unique features of the lung that can facilitate systemic delivery via pulmonary administration of peptides and proteins. Physical and biochemical barriers, lack of optimal dosage forms an... |
11296263 | Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease beta -amyloid peptides Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 in vitro and in vivo. | Recent epidemiological studies show a strong reduction in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in patients treated with cholesterol-lowering statins. Moreover, elevated Abeta42 levels and the varepsilon4 allele of the lipid-carrier apolipoprotein E are regarded as risk factors for sporadic and familial Alzheimer's dise... |
11296247 | Vitamin B12 and hepatitis C: molecular biology and human pathology. | Cobalamins are stored in high concentrations in the human liver and thus are available to participate in the regulation of hepatotropic virus functions. We show that cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) inhibited the HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation of a reporter gene in vitro in a dose-dependent m... |
11294828 | The primary structure of globin and linker chains from the chlorocruorin of the polychaete Sabella spallanzanii. | Annelid hemoglobins are organized in a very complex supramolecular network of interacting polypeptides, the structure of which is still not wholly resolved. We have separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis the 4-MDa chlorocruorin of Sabella spallanzanii and identified its components by amino-terminal sequencing. Th... |
11305943 | A tale of histone modifications. | The modification of chromatin structure is important for a number of nuclear functions, exemplified by the regulation of transcription. This review discusses recent studies of covalent histone modifications and the enzymatic machines that generate them. |
11287632 | Structure and function of the C-terminal PABC domain of human poly(A)-binding protein. | We have determined the solution structure of the C-terminal quarter of human poly(A)-binding protein (hPABP). The protein fragment contains a protein domain, PABC [for poly(A)-binding protein C-terminal domain], which is also found associated with the HECT family of ubiquitin ligases. By using peptides derived from PAB... |
29712374 | Benzylic Imine Catenates: Readily Accessible Octahedral Analogues of the Sauvage Catenates. | The shape of rings to come: The first members of a new family of simple-to-prepare octahedral analogues of the tetrahedral Sauvage catenates are described. M=Mn<sup>2+</sup> , Fe<sup>2+</sup> , Co<sup>2+</sup> , Ni<sup>2+</sup> , Cu<sup>2+</sup> , Zn<sup>2+</sup> , Cd<sup>2+</sup> , Hg<sup>2+</sup> . |
29712370 | Concave Butterfly-Shaped Organometallic Hydrocarbons? | A metamorphosis of the tetraethynyl precursor 1 through double Cu-catalyzed ring closure leads to the corresponding butterfly-shaped cyclobutadiene complexes 2 in high yield (94 %). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the large organic ligand is distinctly nonplanar with a concave topology. Cp=cyclopentadiene. |
29712369 | A Ligand-Modulated Padlock Oligonucleotide for Supercoiled Plasmids. | Catenation of a circular oligonucleotide to a supercoiled plasmid can be achieved in high yields by means of ligand-induced triple-helix formation. The noncovalent interactions in this supramolecular structure can be modulated by a triplex-stabilizing agent (TSA; see picture). The circular oligonucleotide represents a ... |
29712361 | Template and Guest Effects on the Self-Assembly of a Neutral and Homochiral Helix. | Coordination-driven assembly based on manganese(II) centers and flexible 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane leads to the solid-state formation of electronically neutral, self-templated homochiral helices, closed ring structures, and racemic mixtures of helices depending upon the presence or absence of guests such as benzene and... |
29712357 | Dual-Signaling Fluorescent Chemosensors Based on Conformational Restriction and Induced Charge Transfer. | Twist and shout! By restricting conformation, 2,6-biarylpyridines can be induced to "speak" to us through increased fluorescence emission. In combination with induced charge transfer, this allows these simple fluorophores to reveal otherwise silent binding events to alkali metal and alkaline earth cations through brigh... |
29712354 | Insertion of Helium and Molecular Hydrogen Through the Orifice of an Open Fullerene. | A "molecular surgery" approach has been used to create an opening within a fullerene cage that is large enough to allow atoms and small molecules to pass through. The thermodynamics for the insertion of He and H<sub>2</sub> into the open fullerene (left and right pictures, respectively) as well as their escape have bee... |
29712352 | Neutral Cyclooctasulfur as a Polydentate Ligand: Supramolecular Structures of [Rh<sub>2</sub> (O<sub>2</sub> CCF<sub>3</sub> )<sub>4</sub> ]<sub>n</sub> (S<sub>8</sub> )<sub>m</sub> (n:m=1:1, 3:2). | Coordination of neutral S<sub>8</sub> molecules by transition metal centers has been structurally confirmed for the first time. The monoadduct [Rh<sub>2</sub> (O<sub>2</sub> CCF<sub>3</sub> )<sub>4</sub> ](S<sub>8</sub> ) is a one-dimensional polymer with an alternating chain of dirhodium(II) tetra(trifluoroacetate) an... |
29712342 | Selective Inclusion of a Hetero-Guest Pair in a Molecular Host: Formation of Stable Charge-Transfer Complexes in Cucurbit[8]uril. | Two different molecules are selectively included in cucurbit[8]uril to form a stable 1:1:1 ternary complex, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The inclusion of a hetero-guest pair (a pyridinium derivative (blue) and 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene (magenta)) in the molecular host is driven and stabilized b... |
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