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11296219 | Type III secretion chaperone-dependent regulation: activation of virulence genes by SicA and InvF in Salmonella typhimurium. | Invasion of the intestinal epithelium by Salmonella sp. requires a type III secretion system (TTSS) common in many bacterial pathogens. TTSS translocate effector proteins from bacteria into eukaryotic cells. These effectors manipulate cellular functions in order to benefit the pathogen. In the human and animal pathogen... |
11296216 | Structural and functional studies of MinD ATPase: implications for the molecular recognition of the bacterial cell division apparatus. | Proper placement of the bacterial cell division site requires the site-specific inactivation of other potential division sites. In Escherichia coli, selection of the correct mid-cell site is mediated by the MinC, MinD and MinE proteins. To clarify the functional role of the bacterial cell division inhibitor MinD, which... |
11294912 | Cofilin phosphorylation by protein kinase testicular protein kinase 1 and its role in integrin-mediated actin reorganization and focal adhesion formation. | Testicular protein kinase 1 (TESK1) is a serine/threonine kinase with a structure composed of a kinase domain related to those of LIM-kinases and a unique C-terminal proline-rich domain. Like LIM-kinases, TESK1 phosphorylated cofilin specifically at Ser-3, both in vitro and in vivo. When expressed in HeLa cells, TESK1 ... |
11294904 | Endothelial transcytotic machinery involves supramolecular protein-lipid complexes. | We have demonstrated that the plasmalemmal vesicles (caveolae) of the continuous microvascular endothelium function as transcytotic vesicular carriers for protein molecules > 20 A and that transcytosis is an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF)-dependent, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive process. We have further investiga... |
11294655 | Probing site specificity of DNA binding metallointercalators by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. | The molecular recognition of oligonucleotides by chiral ruthenium complexes has been probed by NMR spectroscopy using the template Delta-cis-alpha- and Delta-cis-beta-[Ru(RR-picchxnMe(2)) (bidentate)](2+), where the bidentate ligand is one of phen (1,10-phenanthroline), dpq (dipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline), or phi ... |
11292845 | Gain- and loss-of-function of Rhp51, a Rad51 homolog in fission yeast, reveals dissimilarities in chromosome integrity. | Rad51 is crucial not only in homologous recombination and recombinational repair but also in normal cellular growth. To address the role of Rad51 in normal cell growth we investigated morphological changes of cells after overexpression of wild-type and a dominant negative form of Rad51 in fission yeast. Rhp51, a Rad51 ... |
11292843 | Treble clef finger--a functionally diverse zinc-binding structural motif. | Detection of similarity is particularly difficult for small proteins and thus connections between many of them remain unnoticed. Structure and sequence analysis of several metal-binding proteins reveals unexpected similarities in structural domains classified as different protein folds in SCOP and suggests unification ... |
11292547 | The effect of absorption enhancers on the initial degradation kinetics of insulin by alpha-chymotrypsin. | The goal of this investigation was to establish a fast method to screen various insulin absorption enhancers by following their effect on the initial kinetics of insulin incubated with alpha-chymotrypsin at 37 degrees C. A simple, sensitive and reproducible reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) m... |
11292372 | Cartilage proteoglycans. | The predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage is the large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 'aggrecan'. Following its secretion, aggrecan self-assembles into a supramolecular structure with as many as 50 monomers bound to a filament of hyaluronan. Aggrecan serves a direct, primary role providing the osmotic resista... |
11290789 | Clustering of class I HLA oligomers with CD8 and TCR: three-dimensional models based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer and crystallographic data. | Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) data, in accordance with lateral mobility measurements, suggested the existence of class I HLA dimers and oligomers at the surface of live human cells, including the B lymphoblast cell line (JY) used in the present study. Intra- and intermolecular class I HLA epitope distan... |
11290726 | Regulation of activator/dissociation transposition by replication and DNA methylation. | In maize the transposable elements Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transpose shortly after replication from one of the two resulting chromatids ("chromatid selectivity"). A model has been suggested that explains this phenomenon as a consequence of different affinity for Ac transposase binding to holo-, hemi-, and unmeth... |
11287949 | Varied pore organization in mesostructured semiconductors based on the [SnSe4](4-) anion. | Open framework metal chalcogenide solids, with pore sizes in the nano- and mesoscale, are of potentially broad technological and fundamental interest in research areas ranging from optoelectronics to the physics of quantum confinement. Although there have been significant advances in the design and synthesis of mesostr... |
11286616 | Evidence for novel functions of the keratin tail emerging from a mutation causing ichthyosis hystrix. | Unraveling the molecular basis of inherited disorders of epithelial fragility has led to understanding of the complex structure and function of keratin intermediate filaments. Keratins are organized as a central alpha-helical rod domain flanked by nonhelical, variable end domains. Pathogenic mutations in 19 different k... |
11285229 | A novel mechanism of PKA anchoring revealed by solution structures of anchoring complexes. | The specificity of intracellular signaling events is controlled, in part, by compartmentalization of protein kinases and phosphatases. The subcellular localization of these enzymes is often maintained by protein- protein interactions. A prototypic example is the compartmentalization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase... |
11285214 | Structural polymorphism of the major capsid protein of rotavirus. | Rotaviruses are important human pathogens with a triple-layered icosahedral capsid. The major capsid protein VP6 is shown here to self-assemble into spherical or helical particles mainly depending upon pH. Assembly is inhibited either by low pH (<3.0) or by a high concentration (>100 mM) of divalent cations (Ca(2+) and... |
11284693 | Posttranslational modifications of microfibril associated glycoprotein-1 (MAGP-1). | Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAGP-1) is a small molecular weight protein associated with extracellular matrix microfibrils. Biochemical studies have shown that MAGP-1 undergoes several posttranslational modifications that may influence its associations with other microfibrillar components. To identify the sit... |
11282342 | Combinatorial biosynthesis of polyketides and nonribosomal peptides. | The engineering of polyketide biosynthesis has begun to provide robust targeted libraries for screening against pharmaceutically relevant targets. New technologies that offer methodology for the rapid generation of more structurally diverse libraries have now been demonstrated. |
11283256 | Intermolecular and intramolecular interactions regulate catalytic activity of myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase alpha. | Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK) is a Cdc42-binding serine/threonine kinase with multiple functional domains. We had previously shown MRCKalpha to be implicated in Cdc42-mediated peripheral actin formation and neurite outgrowth in HeLa and PC12 cells, respectively. Here we demonstrate that ... |
11283252 | Histone acetylation at promoters is differentially affected by specific activators and repressors. | We analyzed the relationship between histone acetylation and transcriptional regulation at 40 Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters that respond to specific activators and repressors. In accord with the general correlation between histone acetylation and transcriptional activity, Gcn4 and the general stress activators (Ms... |
11281776 | Optically active dendrimers with a binaphthyl core and phenylene dendrons: light harvesting and enantioselective fluorescent sensing. | Optically active dendrimers containing a 1,1'-binaphthyl core and cross-conjugated phenylene dendrons were synthesized and characterized. The chiral optical properties of these phenylene-based dendrimers are different from the previously reported phenyleneethynylene-based dendrimers probably because of the increased st... |
11281755 | Synthesis and characterization of coronanes: multicyclopropane-fused macrocyclic arrays. | Stepwise macrocyclization of the all syn-trans-1,15-quinquecyclopropanedimethanol (4) with iso- and terephthaloyl chlorides and 4,4'-methanediyl-dibenzoic acid (28) gave the corresponding coronanes 22, 23, and 32. The same protocol was used with all syn-trans-1,21-septecyclopropanedimethanol (5) and 2,3-naphthalenedica... |
11283153 | Glucocorticoids attenuate T cell receptor signaling. | Glucocorticoids (GCs) affect peripheral immune responses by inhibiting T cell immunity at several stages of the activation cascade, causing impaired cytokine production and effector function. The recent demonstration that the thymic epithelium and possibly thymocytes themselves produce steroids suggests that endogenous... |
11283075 | Expression and self-assembly in baculovirus of porcine enteric calicivirus capsids into virus-like particles and their use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody detection in swine. | Porcine enteric calicivirus (PEC) causes diarrhea and intestinal lesions in pigs. PEC strain Cowden grows to low to moderate titers in cell culture but only with the addition of intestinal contents from uninfected gnotobiotic pigs (W. T. Flynn and L. J. Saif, J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:206--212, 1988; A. V. Parwani, W. T. ... |
11282629 | Novel alpha-amylase that is highly resistant to chelating reagents and chemical oxidants from the alkaliphilic Bacillus isolate KSM-K38. | A novel alpha-amylase (AmyK38) was found in cultures of an alkaliphilic Bacillus isolate designated KSM-K38. Based on the morphological and physiological characteristics and phylogenetic position as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA reassociation analysis, it was suggested that the isolate was... |
11282590 | Comparative study of the cyclization reactions of three bacterial cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases. | The actions of cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTase; EC 2.4.1.19) from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain A2-5a (A2-5a CGTase), Bacillus macerans (Bmac CGTase), and Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bste CGTase) on amylose were investigated. All three enzymes produced large cyclic alpha-1,4-glucans (cycloamyloses) at... |
11277791 | Rigid, cross-conjugated macrocycles: a cyclic alternative to 4,4'-bipyridines in supramolecular chemistry. | [structure: see text]. The synthesis of two fully conjugated, rigid macrocyclic analogues to 4,4'-bipyridine is described. The use of these macrocycles in self-assembly processes is demonstrated by axial coordination to metalloporphyrins, and one system (R = Me) has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallog... |
11277790 | An hermaphrodite [2]rotaxane: preparation and analysis of structure. | [structure: see text]. The pictured rotaxane is assembled in water by capping a substituted cyclodextrin composed of the wheel and axle components. The unusual dimeric structure of the rotaxane reflects the thermodynamics of the assembly process. In N,N-dimethylformamide, the corresponding monomer is the predominant pr... |
11277865 | Activation of diacetyldapsone and a preliminary evaluation of a cyclodextrin-diacetyldapsone complex in cultured lung cells. | A diacetyldapsone-2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complex (DADDS-CD) was evaluated with regard to the ability of cultured lung cells to activate DADDS to the active metabolite dapsone. The same system was used to assess the effect of the complex on cell growth. The complex was incubated with cells for periods of 24 t... |
11275559 | Crystal structure of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. 1011 complexed with 1-deoxynojirimycin at 2.0 A resolution. | 1-Deoxynojirimycin, a pseudo-monosaccharide, is a strong inhibitor of glucoamylase but a relatively weak inhibitor of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase). To elucidate this difference, the crystal structure of the CGTase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. 1011 complexed with 1-deoxynojirimycin was determined at 2.0 A ... |
11274122 | Biochemical analysis of replication factor C from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. | Replication factor C (RFC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are accessory proteins essential for processive DNA synthesis in the domain Eucarya. The function of RFC is to load PCNA, a processivity factor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases delta and epsilon, onto primed DNA templates. RFC-like genes, arranged in... |
11274468 | Folding units in calcium vector protein of amphioxus: Structural and functional properties of its amino- and carboxy-terminal halves. | Muscle of amphioxus contains large amounts of a four EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein, CaVP, and its target, CaVPT. To study the domain structure of CaVP and assess the structurally important determinants for its interaction with CaVPT, we expressed CaVP and its amino (N-CaVP) and carboxy-terminal halves (C-CaVP). The inte... |
11274467 | Magnetization transfer from laser-polarized xenon to protons located in the hydrophobic cavity of the wheat nonspecific lipid transfer protein. | Nonspecific lipid transfer protein from wheat is studied by liquid-state NMR in the presence of xenon. The gas-protein interaction is indicated by the dependence of the protein proton chemical shifts on the xenon pressure and formally confirmed by the first observation of magnetization transfer from laser-polarized xen... |
11274459 | Analysis of inhibitor binding in influenza virus neuraminidase. | 2,3-didehydro-2-deoxy-N:-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA) is a transition state analog inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase (NA). Replacement of the hydroxyl at the C9 position in DANA and 4-amino-DANA with an amine group, with the intention of taking advantage of an increased electrostatic interaction with a conserv... |
11268054 | Stereoselective determination of p-hydroxyphenyl-phenylhydantoin enantiomers in rat liver microsomal incubates by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using beta-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additives. | An analytical method was developed for determination of p-hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin enantiomers in rat liver microsome by using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A 50 mm C(8) column was used as the analytical column. The mobile phase was made up of 8.8 mmol/L beta-cyclodextrin, 0.25 mol/L urea a... |
11264384 | Direct in vitro binding of full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein to CD4 cytoplasmic domain. | The Nef protein of the simian and human immunodeficiency viruses is known to directly bind and downregulate the CD4 receptor. Although the molecular mechanism is well understood, direct binding of Nef and CD4 is difficult to demonstrate and is believed to be of low affinity. Applying nuclear magnetic resonance and fluo... |
11264375 | Evaluation of interactions of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early IE2 regulatory protein with small ubiquitin-like modifiers and their conjugation enzyme Ubc9. | The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early protein IE2 is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is believed to be a key regulator in both lytic and latent infections. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO-1, SUMO-2, and SUMO-3) and a SUMO-conjugating enzyme (Ubc9) were isolated as I... |
11264367 | CCR5, CXCR4, and CD4 are clustered and closely apposed on microvilli of human macrophages and T cells. | The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 act synergistically with CD4 in an ordered multistep mechanism to allow the binding and entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The efficiency of such a coordinated mechanism depends on the spatial distribution of the participating molecules on the cell surface. Immu... |
11262185 | Molecular characterization of Ct-hrp65: identification of two novel isoforms originated by alternative splicing. | Hrp65, a protein with two conserved RNA-binding domains, has been identified in Chironomus tentans as a component of nuclear fibers associated with ribonucleoprotein particles in transit from the gene to the nuclear pore. We have cloned two novel hrp65 isoforms and characterized the structure of the hrp65 gene. Compari... |
11262435 | Salts of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid with organic diamines: hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structures in one, two and three dimensions. | The trigonally trisubstituted carboxylic acid 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, (O(2)N)(2)C(6)H(3)COOH, forms 2:1 salts with a range of organic diamines L, with the general composition [LH(2)](2+) x [[(O(2)N)(2)C(6)H(3)COO](-)](2). When L is a bis-tertiary amine the hard N-H...O hydrogen bonds generate finite three-component ag... |
11262432 | Structure determination of two intercalated compounds VOPO4.(CH2)4O and VOPO4.OH-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-OH; synchrotron powder diffraction and molecular modelling. | The crystal structures of two intercalated compounds have been determined using a combination of synchrotron powder diffraction and molecular mechanics simulations: (1) vanadyl phosphate intercalated with tetrahydrofuran, VOPO(4).(CH(2))(4)O, and (2) vanadyl phosphate intercalated with diethylene glycol, VOPO(4).HO(CH(... |
11259301 | Fabrication of nanometer-sized protein patterns using atomic force microscopy and selective immobilization. | A new methodology is introduced to produce nanometer-sized protein patterns. The approach includes two main steps, nanopatterning of self-assembled monolayers using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanolithography and subsequent selective immobilization of proteins on the patterned monolayers. The resulting template... |
11254632 | Curli fibers mediate internalization of Escherichia coli by eukaryotic cells. | Curli fibers are adhesive surface fibers expressed by Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica that bind several host extracellular matrix and contact phase proteins and were assumed to have a role in pathogenesis. The results presented here suggest that one such role is internalization into host cells. An E. coli K-12... |
11254603 | Identification of polymorphic outer membrane proteins of Chlamydia psittaci 6BC. | The genomes of Chlamydia spp. encode a family of putative outer membrane proteins, referred to as polymorphic outer membrane proteins (POMPs), which may play a role in the avoidance of host immune defenses. We analyzed avian strain 6BC of Chlamydia psittaci by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the expression of PO... |
11252092 | Induction of bone formation by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 and sintered porous hydroxyapatite in adult primates. | A critical issue in tissue engineering and morphogenesis of bone is the development of novel biomimetic biomaterials that are capable of optimizing the biological activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic and osteogenic proteins, which are molecules that initiate bone formation in vivo. From a therapeutic perspe... |
11244069 | Substitutions in bacteriophage T4 AsiA and Escherichia coli sigma(70) that suppress T4 motA activation mutations. | Bacteriophage T4 middle-mode transcription requires two phage-encoded proteins, the MotA transcription factor and AsiA coactivator, along with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing the sigma(70) subunit. A motA positive control (pc) mutant, motA-pc1, was used to select for suppressor mutations that alte... |
11238871 | Branched polyamines cure prion-infected neuroblastoma cells. | Branched polyamines, including polyamidoamine and polypropyleneimine (PPI) dendrimers, are able to purge PrP(Sc), the disease-causing isoform of the prion protein, from scrapie-infected neuroblastoma (ScN2a) cells in culture (S. Supattapone, H.-O. B. Nguyen, F. E. Cohen, S. B. Prusiner, and M. R. Scott, Proc. Natl. Aca... |
11238869 | Loss of a single N-linked glycan allows CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by altering the position of the gp120 V1/V2 variable loops. | The gp120 envelope glycoprotein of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promotes virus entry by sequentially binding CD4 and the CCR5 chemokine receptor on the target cell. Previously, we adapted a primary HIV-1 isolate, ADA, to replicate in CD4-negative canine cells expressing human CCR5. The gp120 chan... |
11170039 | Preparation of prednisolone-appended alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins: substitution at secondary hydroxyl groups and in vitro hydrolysis behavior. | The carboxyl group of prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate was conjugated to one of the hydroxyl groups of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins using a coupling agent, carbonyldiimidazole. The direct coupling produced prednisolone-appended cyclodextrin conjugates in which the drug is selectively introduced at one of the sec... |
11180056 | Effects of peptide dimerization on pore formation: Antiparallel disulfide-dimerized magainin 2 analogue. | To elucidate the effects of peptide dimerization on pore formation by magainin 2 (MG2), a covalently linked antiparallel dimer of the MG2 analogue [(F5Y, L6C, F16W, I20C-MG2)(2): II] was synthesized based on the dimer structure revealed by our NMR study. The interactions of the dimer with lipid bilayers were investigat... |
11006503 | Type V collagen: heterotypic type I/V collagen interactions in the regulation of fibril assembly. | Type V collagen is a quantitatively minor fibrillar collagen with a broad tissue distribution. The most common type V collagen isoform is alpha1(V)(2) alpha2(V) found in cornea. However, other isoforms exist, including an [alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V)] form, an alpha1(V)(3) homotrimer and hybrid type V/XI forms. The fun... |
11274145 | The prototypical 4.1R-10-kDa domain and the 4.1g-10-kDa paralog mediate fodrin-actin complex formation. | A complex family of 4.1R isoforms has been identified in non-erythroid tissues. In this study we characterized the exonic composition of brain 4.1R-10-kDa or spectrin/actin binding (SAB) domain and identified the minimal sequences required to stimulate fodrin/F-actin association. Adult rat brain expresses predominantly... |
11259661 | The Sm domain is an ancient RNA-binding motif with oligo(U) specificity. | Sm and Sm-like proteins are members of a family of small proteins that is widespread throughout eukaryotic kingdoms. These proteins form heteromers with one another and bind, as heteromeric complexes, to various RNAs, recognizing primarily short U-rich stretches. Interestingly, completion of several genome projects rev... |
11248095 | Preselective gene therapy for Fabry disease. | Fabry disease is a lipid storage disorder resulting from mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-gal A; EC ). We previously have demonstrated long-term alpha-gal A enzyme correction and lipid reduction mediated by therapeutic ex vivo transduction and transplantation of hematopoietic cells... |
11248042 | Toward a quantum-mechanical description of metal-assisted phosphoryl transfer in pyrophosphatase. | The wealth of kinetic and structural information makes inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) a good model system to study the details of enzymatic phosphoryl transfer. The enzyme accelerates metal-complexed phosphoryl transfer 10(10)-fold: but how? Our structures of the yeast PPase product complex at 1.15 A and fluoride-... |
29712184 | A New Photomagnetic Molecular System Based on Photoinduced Self-Assembly of Radicals. | An irreversible trans→cis isomerization of the imino group occurs during the irradiation of the new ferrocenyl Schiff-base polychlorotriphenylmethyl radical 1 by light. Low-temperature ESR investigations of frozen solutions revealed that the cis isomer exists as the (cis-1)<sub>2</sub> dimer with strong antiferromagnet... |
29712182 | "Supramolecular" Solid-State Chemistry: Interpenetrating Diamond-Type Frameworks of U<sup>4+</sup> Ions Linked by S,S'-Bidentate P<sub>2</sub> S<sub>6</sub><sup>2-</sup> Molecular Rods in UP<sub>4</sub> S<sub>12</sub>. | Inseparably interwoven are three independent polymeric diamond-type U(P<sub>2</sub> S<sub>6</sub> )<sub>2</sub> frameworks in the structure of the title compound. The linear P<sub>2</sub> S<sub>6</sub> units act as molecular rods linking the pseudotetrahedral U<sup>4+</sup> centers. U(P<sub>2</sub> S<sub>6</sub> )<sub>... |
29712178 | Intramolecular DNA Coiling Mediated by a Metallo-Supramolecular Cylinder. | In the groove! A tetracationic supramolecular cylinder, [Fe<sub>2</sub> L<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>4+</sup> (L=C<sub>25</sub> H<sub>20</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ), with a triple-helical architecture is just the right size to fit into the major groove of DNA and too big to fit into the minor groove. NMR spectroscopic data confirm th... |
29712174 | In Vivo Protein-Protein Interaction Assays: Beyond Proteins. | The scope of cell-based assays is being expanded to allow the detection of interactions between proteins and DNA, RNA, or small molecules. The yeast two-hybrid assay, which normally detects protein-protein interactions, can be modified to detect interactions between ligands (the two dark yellow shapes in the diagram) a... |
29712167 | Chiral Molecular Recognition on Formation of a Metalloanthocyanin: A Supramolecular Metal Complex Pigment from Blue Flowers of Salvia patens. | The chirality of the sugar moiety is responsible for the chiral molecular recognition on formation of a metalloanthocyanin from Salvia patens. This mechanism was revealed by using the synthetic apigenin 7,4'-diglucosides derived from D- or L-glucose. The supermolecule consists of six malonylawobanin molecules (blue) co... |
22034471 | Huntington's disease: from gene to potential therapy. | Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, late-onset neurodegenerative illness with autosomal dominant inheritance that affects one in 10 000 individuals in Western Europe. The disease is caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion located in the N-terminal region of the huntingtin protein. The mutation is likely to a... |
11268062 | Self-Assembling Organic Nanotubes. | Hollow tubular structures of molecular dimensions perform diverse biological functions in nature. Examples include scaffolding and packaging roles played by cytoskeletal microtubules and viral coat proteins, respectively, as well as the chemical transport and screening activities of membrane channels. In the preparatio... |
11237446 | The Viscosity of Solutions of Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers in Methanol. | The viscosity of solutions of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers in methanol has been determined. An Ubbelohde and a low-shear rotational viscometer have been used. The viscosity was Newtonian for every concentration and shear rate used. The value of the Huggins coefficient indicates soft sphere behavior. The viscosity o... |
11172981 | Physical and chemical stability of marine lipid-based liposomes under acid conditions. | Liposomes made from a marine lipid extract containing a high polyunsaturated fatty lipid ratio were submitted to large pH variations, ranging from 1 to 8. Shape transformations were followed by video microscopy using giant liposomes and micromanipulation experiments. Acidification induced a decrease of the vesicle size... |
11172977 | Interfacial properties of amiodarone: the stabilizing effect of phosphate anions. | Amiodarone, a drug used in heart therapy, is poorly soluble in water at room temperature, but forms transparent phases much more concentrated than the critical micellar concentration (CMC), when crystals are heated (above 60 degrees C) in presence of water and cooled down to room temperature. These pseudosolutions were... |
12914039 | Ion-induced manipulation of photochemical pathways in crown ether compounds based on fluorinated oligophenylenevinylenes: the border between ultrafast photoswitches and photoproduced nanomaterials. | The photochemical and photophysical properties of the crown ethers trans,trans-1,4-bis[2-(3',4'-benzo 15-crown 5)ethenyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene (1) and trans,trans-1,4-bis[2-(3',4'-benzo 18-crown 6) ethenyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene (2) were investigated in the absence and presence of groups I and II metal ions.... |
12369900 | Structure and function of complement activating enzyme complexes: C1 and MBL-MASPs. | The complement system is a major effector arm of the immune defense contributing to the destruction of invading pathogens. There are three possible routes of complement cascade activation: the classical, the alternative and the lectin pathways. The activation of the classical and lectin pathways is initiated by supramo... |
12369898 | Structural biology of the cell adhesion protein CD2: alternatively folded states and structure-function relation. | Cluster of differentiation 2 (CD2) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed on most human T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and plays an important role in mediating cell adhesion in both T-lymphocytes and in signal transduction. The understanding of the biochemical basis of molecular recognition by the cell adhesio... |
11990613 | Fluorescent molecular sensory system based on bis pyrene-modified gamma-cyclodextrin dimer for steroids and endocrine disruptors. | A gamma-cyclodextrin dimer modified with two pyrene moieties, 6-(2-pyrenebutylate-aminoethyl)pyrenebutylate-amino-6-deoxy-bis-gamma-cyclodextrin, has been synthesized in the presence of N,N'-dicyclohexycarbodiimide from gamma-cyciodextrin dimer linked with ethylenediamine at an upper rim. The sensing ability and bindin... |
11990611 | Chemical sensor based on nonlinearity: principle and application. | Novel chemical sensors based on a time-dependent nonlinear response are reviewed. The strategy is to artificially mimic information transduction in living organisms. In taste and olfaction, information of chemical structure and concentration is transformed into nervous impulses in the nervous cell, i.e., time-dependent... |
11712502 | Catalytic asymmetric organozinc additions to carbonyl compounds. | Because of the tremendous effort of a great number of researchers, the catalytic asymmetric dialkylzinc addition to aldehydes has become a mature method. Ligands of diverse structures have been obtained, and high enantioselectivity for all different types of aldehydes have been achieved. Among the representative excell... |
11420648 | Inhibition of bacilli in industrial starches by nisin. | The properties of Bacillus coagulans and of other bacilli that contaminate paper and paperboard manufacturing processes were investigated under simulated industrial conditions. Nisin (0.05 to 0.125 microg ml(-1) blocked growth of indigenous bacilli that contaminate sizing starches. B. coagulans starch isolates, B. lich... |
11512914 | Iodine L-edge XAFS study of linear polyiodide chains in amylose and alpha-cyclodextrin. | We performed iodine L edge XAFS measurements on blue-black amylose-iodine complex to obtain information about the electronic and geometrical structures of polyiodide chain included in amylose helix. Measurements were also carried out on crystalline alpha-cyclodextrin-iodine complex (alpha-cyclodextrin)2 x Cd0.5 x I5 x ... |
11512904 | XAFS studies of Tb or Eu cored dendrimer complexes with various properties of luminescence. | We studied the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of Tb or Eu L3-edge of Tb(III) or Eu(III)-cored complexes of different luminescence to which different poly(benzyl ether) dendrons coordinated. The complexes were prepared via a ligand exchange reaction of dendritic carboxylic acid and acetate. Results sho... |
11494901 | [High-volume hemodiafiltration in the treatment of sepsis and multiple organ failure: 2 methods of the elimination of TNF-alpha]. | Permanent hemodiafiltration (PHDF) as a method for treating patients with sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF) corrects the severity of generalized inflammatory reaction, which is caused by hyperproduction of bioactive substances. Cytokines can be eliminated from circulation by 2 methods of kidney-replacing therapy:... |
11456798 | Synthesis of N,N'-bis(acrylamido)acetic acid-based T-antigen glycodendrimers and their mouse monoclonal IgG antibody binding properties. | Novel glycodendrimers based on N,N'-bis(acrylamido)acetic acid core with valencies between two and six were synthesized. The breast cancer-associated T-antigen carbohydrate marker, (beta-Gal-(1-3)-alpha-GalNAc-OR), was then conjugated by (i) 1,4-conjugate addition of thiolated T-antigen to the N-acrylamido dendritic co... |
11456973 | Measurement of (13)C(alpha)-(13)C(beta) dipolar couplings in (15)N,(13)C,(2)H-labeled proteins: application to domain orientation in maltose binding protein. | TROSY-based HN(CO)CA 2D and 3D pulse schemes are presented for measurement of (13)C(alpha)-(13)C(beta) dipolar couplings in high molecular weight (15)N,(13)C,(2)H-labeled proteins. In one approach, (13)C(alpha)-(13)C(beta) dipolar couplings are obtained directly from the time modulation of cross-peak intensities in a s... |
11456966 | A theoretical study of the alkylation reaction of toluene with methanol catalyzed by acidic mordenite. | A theoretical study of the alkylation reaction of toluene with methanol catalyzed by the acidic Mordenite (Si/Al = 23) is reported. Cluster DFT as well as periodical structure DFT calculations have been performed. Full reaction energy diagrams of the elementary reaction steps that lead to the formation of the three xyl... |
11456961 | Rational design and assembly of M(2)M'(3)L(6) supramolecular clusters with C(3h) symmetry by exploiting incommensurate symmetry numbers. | A rational approach to heterometallic cluster formation is described that uses incommensurate symmetry requirements at two different metals to control the stoichiometry of the assembly. Critical to this strategy is the proper design and synthesis of hybrid ligands with coordination sites selective toward each metal. Th... |
11456861 | Effects of metal ions on physicochemical properties and redox reactivity of phenolates and phenoxyl radicals: mechanistic insight into hydrogen atom abstraction by phenoxyl radical-metal complexes. | Phenolate and phenoxyl radical complexes of a series of alkaline earth metal ions as well as monovalent cations such as Na+ and K+ have been prepared by using 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-aza-cyclopentadec-13-ylmethyl)phenol (L1H) and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxa-16-aza-cyclooctadec-16-ylmethy... |
11426596 | Suppression of apoptosis in hepatocytes by fructose-modified dendrimers. | By immobilizing fructose-modified dendrimers on a polystyrene culture plate, the number of initially adhered hepatocytes on it was increased. Moreover, increasing the number of generations of fructose-modified dendrimer (fructose-dendrimer) increased the number. Urea synthesis per unit area also was increased, correspo... |
11370848 | A novel glutathione peroxidase mimic with antioxidant activity. | Many diseases are associated with the overproduction of hydroperoxides that inflict cell damage. A novel cyclodextrin derivative, 6A,6B-diseleninic acid-6A',6B'-selenium bridged beta-cyclodextrin (6-diSeCD), was synthesized to be a functional mimic of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) that normally removes these hydroperoxi... |
11357417 | [Isolation of highly purified cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus sp. 1070]. | Two chromatographic processes for purification of cyclodextringlucanotransferase (CGTase) from Bacillus sp. 1070 was carried out. The enzyme has been purified into 9.5 times on Butyl-Toyopearl and followed immobilized metal ion chromatography on Cu(II)-Iminodiacetic (IDA)-agarose. By the application of second purificat... |
11344318 | Reduced antibody response to streptavidin through site-directed mutagenesis. | Streptavidin provides an effective receptor for biotinylated tumoricidal molecules, including radionuclides, when conjugated to an antitumor antibody and administered systemically. Ideally, one would like to administer this bacterial protein to patients repeatedly, so as to maximize the antitumor effect without eliciti... |
11336341 | Extraction of iridium (IV) from hydrochloric acid media with crown ether in chloroform, and its determination by ICP-AES. | A new method for the quantitative extraction and determination of trace amounts of iridium from hydrochloric acid media has been established based on the formation of an ion-association complex of iridium hexachloro anion IrCl6(2-) with dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) oxonium cation in chloroform, then determination b... |
11333206 | Smelling in color: a rainbow of possibilities. | A sensor that detects dangerous odors better than the human nose may be able to "smell" dangerous air pollutants, soil contaminants, insecticides, food pathogens, biological warfare neurotoxins, and body odors associated with illness and disease. Called "smell-seeing" by its inventors, the method relies on color change... |
11330677 | Structures of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase II complexed with substrate analogues. | The structures of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase II mutant (d325nTVA II) complexed with substrate analogues, methyl beta-cyclodextrin (m beta-CD) and maltohexaose (G6), were solved by X-ray diffraction at 3.2 A and 3.3 A resolution, respectively. In d325nTVA II-m beta-CD complex, the orientation and bind... |
11324614 | Solid-phase microextraction for the enantiomeric analysis of flavors in beverages. | Solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis and separation on a chiral cyclodextrin stationary phase was a rapid, reliable technique for profiling chiral aroma compounds in flavored alcoholic beverages. Several enantiomeric terpenes, esters, alcohols, norisoprenoids, and la... |
11322556 | Multiple use of soluble metallodendritic materials as catalysts and dyes. | Different sizes of core-functionalized metallodendritic wedges were prepared by anchoring sensor-active arylplatinum(II) sites at the focal point of Fréchet-type polyether dendritic wedges of various generations. The strong color of these metallodendrimers in the presence of SO2 was used to assess the permeability of n... |
11322555 | Synthesis and molecular recognition of novel oligo(ethylenediamino) bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s and their copper(II) complexes: enhanced molecular binding ability and selectivity by multiple recognition. | Four bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s tethered by different lengths of oligo(ethylenediamine)s have been synthesized and their inclusion complexation behavior with selected substrates elucidated by circular dichroism spectroscopy and fluorescence decay. In order to study their binding ability quantitatively, inclusion c... |
11322550 | [15]crown-5: an unsymmetrical bifacial hydrogen-bond acceptor in crystal engineering. | Reaction of [15]crown-5 with erbium nitrate and a range of nickel salts results in the formation of the hydrogen-bonded chain species [Er(NO3)3(H2O)3]. [15]crown-5 H2O (3), [Ni(H2O)6]Br2 [15]crown-5 2H2O (4), [Ni(H2O)6](ClO4)2 x [15]crown-5 2H2O (5), [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2 [15]crown-5 2H2O (6) and [[Ni(H2O)4]2(muCl)2]Cl2 [15... |
11322542 | Influence of highly preorganised 7,7-diphenylnorbornane in the free energy of edge-to-face aromatic interactions. | The influence of preorganised 7,7-diphenylnorbornane in the stability (Ka) of host-guest complexes as well as in the determination of the energy of edge-to-face aromatic interactions has been investigated. The guest molecules studied bind more strongly with hosts that contain the cofacial 7.7-diphenylnorbornane subunit... |
11316968 | Influence of piroxicam: hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexation on the in vitro permeation and skin retention of piroxicam. | The interactions between piroxicam (Px) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) were thoroughly investigated both in solution and the solid state. The solubility studies have demonstrated the formation of a Px:HPbetaCD inclusion complex with 1:1 stoichiometry. The addition of propylene glycol to the medium produ... |
11318033 | Lichenysin: a more efficient cation chelator than surfactin. | The lipopeptide lichenysin (cyclo-[L-Gln1-->D-Leu2-->L-Leu3-->L-Val4--> L-Asp5-->D-Leu6-->L-Ile7-beta-OH fatty acid]) produced by Bacillus licheniformis structurally resembles surfactin from Bacillus subtilis. The main difference is the presence of a glutaminyl residue in position 1 of the peptide sequence in place of ... |
11312866 | Evidence of starch inclusion complexation with lactones. | Starch, in particular the linear amylose, is able to form inclusion complexes with a wide spectrum of ligand molecules, among them flavor compounds. The complexing ability of a homologous series of gamma- and delta-lactones with potato starch was followed by amperometric iodine titration, differential scanning calorime... |
11312690 | Effects of structure of beta-cyclodextrin-containing polymers on gene delivery. | Linear cationic beta-cyclodextrin-based polymers (betaCDPs) are capable of forming polyplexes with nucleic acids and transfecting cultured cells. The betaCDPs are synthesized by the condensation of a diamino-cyclodextrin monomer A with a diimidate comonomer B. In this paper, the effects of polymer structure on polyplex... |
11312683 | Tumor targeting of radiometal labeled anti-CEA recombinant T84.66 diabody and t84.66 minibody: comparison to radioiodinated fragments. | Recombinant antibody fragments offer potential advantages over intact monoclonal antibodies in the radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) of solid tumors. Due to their smaller molecular size, antibody fragments have shown rapid tumor targeting and blood clearance, a more uniform tumor distribution and a lower potential to elici... |
11312537 | Inclusion complexes of nabumetone with beta-cyclodextrins: thermodynamics and molecular modelling studies. Influence of sodium perchlorate. | Fluorescence, (1)H-NMR and molecular mechanics have been used to study the inclusion complexes of nabumetone (4,6-methoxy-2-naphthyl-butan-2-one; NAB) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), randomly methylated-beta (M beta-CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins (HP beta-CD). The emission spectrum of NAB shows a maximum wh... |
11315186 | Cell-matrix contact structures. | Cell-extracellular matrix contacts are points on cell surfaces where adhesion receptors tether cells to matrix and are linked intracellularly to cytoskeletal components. These structures integrate cell organisation within tissues, support cell motility and specialised activities of differentiated cells, and transduce e... |
11307175 | Diabetes and mass spectrometry. | Mass spectrometry (MS) has been successfully employed to investigate non-enzymatic protein glycation, a process relevant in diabetic disease. The high sensitivity and specificity of this technique allowed the development of methods that can individuate and evaluate some glycation markers to be validly employed in monit... |
11306274 | Integrin-associated protein (CD47) and its ligands. | Integrin-associated protein (IAP or CD47) is a receptor for thrombospondin family members, a ligand for the transmembrane signaling protein SIRP alpha and a component of a supramolecular complex containing specific integrins, heterotrimeric G proteins and cholesterol. Peptides containing a VVM motif in the C-terminal d... |
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