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12903177 | A new strategy to determine the target DNA sequence of a short peptide. | The design of molecules that target desired DNA sequences has been one of the major challenges in the field of molecular recognition. We report here a general strategy for defining the sequence-preference of DNA-binding short peptide by using its heterodimer. Our method successfully identified specific sequences of sho... |
12903115 | Molecular recognition of threonine tRNA by threonyl-tRNA synthetase from an extreme thermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1. | To investigate the recognition sites of tRNA(Thr) for threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) from an extreme thermophilic and aerobic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1, threonylation experiments using various in vitro mutant transcripts of tRNA(Thr) were examined. The results indicated that A. pernix ThrRS did recognize the firs... |
12704898 | [Intensive care treatment of post-traumatic liver failure]. | Liver failure following trauma or surgery is associated with a mortality of between 15-->50%, depending on the extent of the operation, pre-operative functional impairment of the liver as well as the occurrence of concomitant infectious disease. The liver can be the source as well as the target of posttraumatic liver f... |
12696775 | Efficacy and tolerability of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin in the outpatient management of chronic back pain. | <h4>Background</h4>Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin (PBC) is the first nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), in which the active substance is complexed with the cyclic oligosaccharide cyclodextrin, which acts as an artificial receptor. This complex allows single molecules of the NSAID to be released adjacent to the g... |
12661699 | Pulmonary drug delivery systems: recent developments and prospects. | Targeting drug delivery into the lungs has become one of the most important aspects of systemic or local drug delivery systems. Consequently, in the last few years, techniques and new drug delivery devices intended to deliver drugs into the lungs have been widely developed. Currently, the main drug targeting regimens i... |
12659148 | Photochemical and photophysical properties of poly(propylene amine) dendrimers with peripheral naphthalene and azobenzene groups. | We report the preparation, the absorption spectra, and the photophysical and photochemical properties in dichloromethane solution of four dendrimers of the poly(propylene amine) family (indicated by POPAM or PPI) functionalised with naphthalene and trans-azobenzene units. Each dendrimer Gn, where n = 1 to 4 is the gene... |
12645306 | [Nuclear pores: from yeast to higher eukaryotes]. | In eukaryotes, bidirectional transport of macro-molecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleus occurs through elaborate supramolecular structures embedded in the nuclear envelope, the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), whose overall architecture has been evolutionary conserved from yeast to vertebrates. In recent years, f... |
12602361 | RNA bacteriophage capsid-mediated drug delivery and epitope presentation. | <h4>Objective</h4>To use our knowledge of the three-dimensional structure and self-assembly mechanism of RNA bacteriophage capsids to develop novel virus-like particles (VLPs) for drug delivery and epitope presentation.<h4>Methods</h4>Site-directed mutagenesis of a recombinant MS2 coat protein expression construct has ... |
12590172 | Nanometer-scale pores: potential applications for analyte detection and DNA characterization. | Several classes of transmembrane protein ion channels function in vivo as sensitive and selective detection elements for analytes. Recent studies on single channels reconstituted into planar lipid bilayer membranes suggest that nanometer-scale pores can be used to detect, quantitate and characterize a wide range of ana... |
12590170 | Bioassays based on molecular nanomechanics. | Recent experiments have shown that when specific biomolecular interactions are confined to one surface of a microcantilever beam, changes in intermolecular nanomechanical forces provide sufficient differential torque to bend the cantilever beam. This has been used to detect single base pair mismatches during DNA hybrid... |
12590168 | Nanotechnology: Emerging Developments and Early Detection of Cancer. A two-day workshop sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 30-31 2001, on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Campus, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. | A recent meeting jointly sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) brought together researchers active in nanotechnology and cancer molecular biology to discuss and evaluate the interface between disciplines. Emerging areas where nanotechnologies may impa... |
12575798 | Influences of chromosome size, gene density and nuclear position on the frequency of constitutional translocations in the human population. | Translocations are the most frequent chromosome structural aberration in the human population, yet little is known about their aetiology. Here, factors that might influence the occurrence of constitutional translocations in the population are examined. By analysing >10000 translocations from two large databases of cyto... |
12575797 | Development of flow cytogenetics and physical genome mapping in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). | Procedures for flow cytometric analysis and sorting of mitotic chromosomes (flow cytogenetics) have been developed for chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Suspensions of intact chromosomes were prepared from root tips treated to achieve a high degree of metaphase synchrony. The optimal protocol consisted of a treatment of root... |
12575796 | Chromatin preferences of the perichromosomal layer constituent pKi-67. | The proliferation-associated nuclear protein pKi-67 relocates from the nucleolus to the chromosome surface during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle and contributes to the formation of the 'perichromosomal layer'. We investigated the in-vivo binding preferences of pKi-67 for various chromatin blocks of the mitotic c... |
12575795 | The phylogeny of howler monkeys (Alouatta, Platyrrhini): reconstruction by multicolor cross-species chromosome painting. | We performed multidirectional chromosome painting in a comparative cytogenetic study of the three howler monkey species Alouatta fusca, A. caraya and A. seniculus macconnelli (Atelinae, Platyrrhini) in order to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within this genus. Comparative genome maps between these species were ... |
12575794 | Chromosome arrangement and behaviour of two rye homologous telosomes at the onset of meiosis in disomic wheat-5RL addition lines with and without the Ph1 locus. | Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) of total genomic and repetitive DNA on microsporocytes of ditelocentric addition lines of rye 5RL in hexaploid wheat was performed to study the behaviour of the rye homologous chromosome arms in relation to centromere and telomere dynamics at premeiotic interphase and meiotic p... |
12575793 | A strategy for enhancing recombination in proximal regions of chromosomes. | As a rule, recombination in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is low in proximal and high in distal regions of chromosomes. Recombination may be enhanced in proximal regions by using deletion (del) chromosomes deficient for a distal part of a chromosome arm. The chromosome del5BL-11 derived from Chinese Spring (CS) is... |
12575792 | Onset and sequence of RBA-band replication on the inactive X-chromosomes of cattle (Bos taurus L.), river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) and goat (Capra hircus L.). | This study was undertaken to provide cytogenetic information about onset and sequence of RBA-band replication on the inactive X-chromosomes of cattle, river buffalo and goat. Blood cultures were synchronized overnight with thymidine after 48 hours of growth. The cell block was released with fresh medium and the cells a... |
12575791 | A fiber-FISH contig spanning the non-recombining region of the human Y chromosome. | Using fluorescence in-situ hybridization on interphase chromatin fibers (fiber-FISH), we have constructed an overlapping fiber-FISH contig spanning the non-recombining region of the human Y chromosome (NRY). We first established a standard FISH-signal pattern for a distinct panel of DNA clones on prometaphase Y chromos... |
12564044 | Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. | This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives and contaminants, with a view to recommending Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) and tolerable intakes, respectively, and to prepare specifications for the identity and purity of food additi... |
12541614 | [Synthesis of a new cyclodextrin derivative and its application as CGC chiral stationary phase in determination of enantiomeric excess]. | A new cyclodextrin (CD) derivative, 2,6-di-O-benzyl-3-O-valeryl-beta-CD, was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and IR. Using the beta-CD derivative as chiral stationary phase of capillary gas chromatography, one chiral column was prepared. On this column, the enantiomeric excesses (e.e.) of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)... |
12521289 | Application of a reverse transcription-PCR assay to monitor regulation of the catabolic nahAc gene during phenanthrene degradation. | Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), such as phenanthrene, in environmental samples is often limited by low bioavailability which results from a combination of low aqueous solubility and/or high sorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of agents that increase PAH bioavai... |
12511976 | The interaction of tryptophan and ANS with PAMAM dendrimers. | Dendrimers are globular, hyperbranched polymers possessing a high concentration of surface functional groups and internal cavities. These unique features make them very useful in many biomedical applications, especially as carrier molecules. In this study, the interaction of tryptophan and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfon... |
12498081 | [DNA-containing polygonal structures detected in somatic nuclei of Bursaria ovata during preparation to cryptobiosis]. | Supramolecular chromatin organization of the somatic nucleus (macronucleus--Ma) was studied in a free-living unicellular eukaryotic organism, the ciliate Bursaria ovata Beers 1952, at two late successive stages of its encystment (in the state of preparation to cryptobiosis). A modified Miller's method (Sergejeva et al.... |
12498036 | [Formulation of advancing products of pulmonary medicine absorption]. | The author introduces the various possibilities of the production of medical aerosols ensuring pulmonary absorption. He also mentions the method of selecting the auxiliary materials formulated with propellants, and describes the characteristics of norfluran Dymel 134 and apafluran HFC 227. In the experimental section, ... |
12498349 | Genetic load caused by variation in the amount of rDNA in a wasp. | Extensive variation in the size of the short (heterochromatic) arm of chromosome 14 was found in the wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albitarse. Ten different variants were differentiated by size and C-banding pattern. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that ribosomal DNA in this species is clustered in the... |
12498348 | Higher-order organization and compartmentalization of satellite DNA PIM357 in species of the coleopteran genus Pimelia. | The PIM357 satellite DNA family is present in 26 Pimelia taxa (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera) with endemic congeneric species from the Canary Islands showing higher interrepeat variability than continental ones. In this paper, we compare the repetitive DNA sequences of a Canarian species that has distinct subfamilies of re... |
12498347 | Allele-specific underacetylation of histone H4 downstream from promoters is associated with X-inactivation in human cells. | We have used a novel approach to investigate the histone H4 acetylation status at X-inactivated genes compared with their active counterparts. Immunoprecipitation with a sheep antibody that preferentially binds multiply-acetylated H4 isoforms was used to select hyperacetylated chromatin from a human female lymphoblasto... |
12498346 | The use of laser microdissection for the preparation of chromosome-specific painting probes in farm animals. | Laser microbeam microdissection and laser pressure catapulting procedure were used for the construction of chromosome-specific painting probes, arm-specific probes and probes for chromosomal subfragments. We report on a method for generation of fluorescence in-situ hybridization probes from laser dissected chromosomes ... |
12498345 | Transient CENP-E-like kinetochore proteins in plants. | Derived from candidate sequences of a barley EST database two proteins with homology to the coiled coil region of the human kinetochore protein (KP) CENP-E were generated and classified as centromere protein E-like 1 and 2 (Cpell and Cpe12). Specific antibodies produced against recombinant Cpe11 and Cpe12 proteins labe... |
12498344 | Differential association of SMC1alpha and SMC3 proteins with meiotic chromosomes in wild-type and SPO11-deficient male mice. | SMC proteins are components of cohesin complexes that function in chromosome cohesion. We determined that SMC1alpha and SMC3 localized to wild-type mouse meiotic chromosomes, but with distinct differences in their patterns. Anti-SMC3 coincided with axial elements of the synaptonemal complex, while SMC1alpha was observe... |
12498343 | The 3D structure of human chromosomes in cell nuclei. | The spatial arrangement of some genetic elements relative to chromosome territories and in parallel with the cell nucleus was investigated in human lymphocytes. The structure of the chromosome territories was studied in chromosomes containing regions (clusters) of highly expressed genes (HSA 9, 17) and those without su... |
12498342 | Interstitial telomeric sites and NORs in Hartmann's zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae) chromosomes. | Interstitial telomeric sites (ITSs) are considered as signatures of chromosomal rearrangements that take place during karyotype evolution. Understanding that equids have undergone rapid karyotype evolution compared with the average in other mammals, a search of these signatures was carried out in the Hartmann's mountai... |
12489832 | Characterization and chromosomal distribution of novel satellite DNA sequences of the lesser rhea (Pterocnemia pennata) and the greater rhea (Rhea americana). | Two different types of novel satellite DNA (stDNA) sequences were cloned from the lesser rhea (Ptercnemia pennata) and the greater rhea (Rhea americana) after digestion of genomic DNAs with a restriction endonuclease Pvu II, and characterized by filter hybridization and in-situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. T... |
12489831 | Molecular and cytological characterization of SspI-family repetitive sequence on the chicken W chromosome. | A genomic clone, pWS44, isolated from the chicken W chromosome-specific genomic library contained a partial (226-bp) sequence of a novel SspI-family repetitive sequence. A genomic clone, pWPRS09, containing a 508-bp SspI fragment (a repeating unit of the family) was subsequently obtained and sequenced. This 0.5-kb unit... |
12489830 | A comparative ZOO-FISH analysis in bats elucidates the phylogenetic relationships between Megachiroptera and five microchiropteran families. | Fluorescence in-situ hybridization with human whole chromosome painting probes (WCPs) was applied to compare the karyotypes of members of five bat families. Twenty-five evolutionarily conserved units (ECUs) were identified by ZOO-FISH analysis. In 10 of these 25 ECUs, thorough GTG-band comparison revealed an identical ... |
12489829 | Alterations in the distribution of histone H3 phosphorylation in mitotic plant chromosomes in response to cold treatment and the protein phosphatase inhibitor cantharidin. | The function of the phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser 10 in plant cell division is uncertain. The timing correlates with chromosome condensation, and studies in plant meiosis suggest that it is involved in sister chromatid cohesion. In mitosis, plant chromosomes are highly phosphorylated in the pericentromeric regio... |
12489828 | Methylation of a euchromatin-heterochromatin transition region in Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5 left arm. | Cytosine methylation was studied at the level of the euchromatin/heterochromatin transition genomic region of the Arabidopsis chromosome 5 left arm. It has been shown using a monoclonal antibody against 5-methylcytosines that the density of DNA methylation increases from the euchromatin towards the heterochromatin. YAC... |
12489827 | Organization of the macronuclear gene-sized pieces of stichotrichous ciliates into a higher order structure via telomere-matrix interactions. | Macronuclear DNA of stichotrichous ciliates occurs in small 'gene-sized' molecules with sizes of about 0.5 to 40 kb. Each of these molecules is terminated by telomeric sequences of defined length. A single macronucleus contains up to 10(8) DNA molecules; due to the high concentration of telomeric sequences in this nucl... |
12489826 | Banding techniques on tardigrade chromosomes: the karyotype of Macrobiotus richtersi (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae). | This work represents the first attempt to define tardigrade chromosomes using banding techniques. Macrobiotus richtersi, a eutardigrade morphospecies with amphimictic diploid and thelytokous triploid cytotypes, was used as a model. Prime consideration was given to oocyte chromosomes because they are larger than those o... |
12484607 | Cellular precursors of the coronary arteries. | Coronary vessels develop from a primary vascular network that differentiates in the subepicardium through a process of vasculogenesis, that is, self-assembly of mesenchymal vascular progenitors. Further growth of the subepicardial vascular plexus through a complex process of angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and arter... |
12484490 | Synthesis and characterization of nitric oxide generative polyrotaxane. | L-Arginine was immobilized into a supramolecular-structured polyrotaxane to examine the generation of nitric oxide, with a view to improving antithrombosis and the blood compatibility of polymeric biomaterials. L-Arginine was immobilized to the hydroxyl groups of alpha-cyclodextrins in the polyrotaxane via an ester lin... |
12478569 | Electron capture dissociation of weakly bound polypeptide polycationic complexes. | We have previously reported that, in electron capture dissociation (ECD), rupture of strong intramolecular bonds in weakly bound supramolecular aggregates can proceed without dissociation of weak intermolecular bonds. This is now illustrated on a series of non-specific peptide-peptide dimers as well as specific complex... |
12475555 | Hierarchical structures in fibrillar collagens. | The collagen family includes several large transcripts, usually exceeding 1000 amino acid residues per single chain. As a group, they make up 1/3 of all the protein of the body and are responsible for modelling the framework of connective tissues; individually, they show both a wide variety and a complex hierarchy of m... |
12469365 | Influence of ionic inorganic solutes on self-assembly and polymerization processes related to early forms of life: implications for a prebiotic aqueous medium. | A commonly accepted view is that life began in a marine environment, which would imply the presence of inorganic ions such as Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+. We have investigated two processes relevant to the origin of life--membrane self-assembly and RNA polymerization--and established that both are adversely affected... |
12465473 | Chromophore design for photorefractive organic materials. | During the last years, significant progress has been achieved in understanding the mechanism of the photorefractive effect in amorphous organic materials. New chromophores could be devised which provided a substantial increase in the electrooptical response and lead to photorefractive materials with unprecedented refra... |
12461824 | Molecular recognition by SH2 domains. | In this chapter, we have described the biophysical investigations which have dissected the mechanisms of SH2 domain function. Due to nearly a decade and a half of investigation on SH2 domains, much about their binding mechanism has been characterized. SH2 domains have been found to have a positively charged binding cav... |
12461823 | Molecular recognition in antibody-antigen complexes. | With the numerous detailed molecular descriptions of antibody-antigen interfaces, the structual study of these molecular interactions has evolved from an attempt to understand to immunological function to their use as model systems for protein-protein interactions. In this chapter, we describe the structual aspects com... |
12449538 | New electrochromic materials. | A number of inorganic and organic materials exhibit redox states (reduced and/or oxidised forms) with distinct UV-Visible (electronic) absorption bands. When electrochemical switching of these redox states gives rise to different colours (i.e. new or different visible region bands), the material is described as being e... |
12449537 | Artificial transmembrane channels for sodium and potassium. | Transport of alkali metals, particularly sodium and potassium, across cell membranes is an essential function performed by special proteins that enable cells to regulate inter- and extracellular ion concentrations with exceptional selectivity. The importance of these channel-forming proteins has led to researchers emul... |
12449536 | The design and applications of multifunctional ligands. | The properties of a metal coordination complex are determined as much by the ligand set--the molecules and ions coordinated to the metal centre--as by the nature of the metal itself. The design and use of new ligands is consequently a major part of chemical research. This review considers the role of multifunctional li... |
12449342 | Cellular actions and signaling by endostatin. | The malignant transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell requires no vasculature. Growth of solid tumors, however, requires angiogenesis to provide oxygen and nutrients to support cell proliferation. The switch from an avascular to a vascular phenotype is typically associated with acceleration of tumor growth. ... |
12444330 | Structure and function of human stratum corneum under deformation. | <h4>Background</h4>The stratum corneum (SC) has an important barrier function. The effect of a mechanical stress applied to the SC is controversial on this important physiological parameter.<h4>Objectives and methods</h4>To assess both in vitro and in vivo the structure and function of human SC submitted to controlled ... |
12415743 | Cytohesins and centaurins control subcellular trafficking of macromolecular signaling complexes: regulation by phosphoinositides and ADP-ribosylation factors. | The ADP-ribosylation factor family of small GTP-binding proteins are implicated in the regulation of vesicular transport and control of cytoskeletal and cell adhesion events. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phosphoinositide 4-P 5-kinase and phospholipase D signaling pathways are major regulators of ARF signaling cascade... |
12371719 | Anticoagulation therapy in acute renal failure extracorporeal treated patients. | In extracorporeal techniques, as used for Acute Renal Failure (ARF) treatments, blood is constantly exposed to foreign surfaces. These foreign surfaces include the catheter(s), blood tubings, the dialyser membrane and all artificial materials used for such techniques in general. Blood begins to clot as soon as it strik... |
12369952 | Molecular modeling as a tool to investigate molecular recognition in P2Y receptors. | Nucleotides are emerging as an ubiquitous family of extracellular signaling molecules. These effects are mediated through a specific class of plasma membrane receptors called P2 receptors that, according to the molecular structure, are further subdivided into two subfamilies: P2Y and P2X. Specifically, P2X-receptors ar... |
12369057 | Wrapping and inclusion of organic molecules with ultrathin, amorphous metal oxide films. | In this review, we overview metal oxide nanostructures in which organic molecules play important roles as templates, as structural units, and, in some cases, as hosts. Their structural precision and diversity are discussed from the viewpoint of the topology of a metal-oxygen network. Supramolecular capsules of metal ox... |
12362386 | Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric bioanalysis of a modified gamma-cyclodextrin (Org 25969) and Rocuronium bromide (Org 9426) in guinea pig plasma and urine: its application to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of Org 25969. | A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of the modified gamma-cyclodextrin Org 25969 and Rocuronium bromide (Roc or Org 9426) in the plasma and urine of guinea pigs. The assay was linear and reproducible over the range 25-10... |
12296525 | Evolutionary significance of chromosome changes in northeastern Asiatic red-backed voles inferred with the aid of intron 1 sequences of the G6pd gene. | To evaluate the evolutionary significance of karyotypic characters in red-backed voles (Rodentia, Arvicolinae, genera Clethrionomys and Eothenomys) from northeastern Asia, we constructed phylogenetic trees based on intron 1 sequences (ca. 580 bp) of the X-linked gene G6pd. Phylogenetic trees, constructed using neighbor... |
12296524 | Identification and chromosome assignment of 23 genes expressed in meat and dairy cattle. | Hepatic and intestinal expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of lactating German Holstein and Charolais cows were used to identify and map genes potentially involved in the regulation of metabolic processes in cattle. Seventeen ESTs were homologous to human gene sequences and six ESTs identified unknown coding sequences in hu... |
12296523 | Cloning and chromosomal localization of MYO15A to chromosome 5 of the dog (Canis familiaris). | Mutations in the myosin XVA gene (MYO15A) cause congenital non-syndromic deafness in humans and mice. Therefore, the M YO15A gene represents a candidate gene for hereditary hearing loss in dogs. Using a human cDNA to screen a dog BAC library, we isolated a canine BAC clone. Sequencing of the BAC ends confirmed homology... |
12296522 | Cytogenetic analyses of chromosomal rearrangements in Mus minutoides/musculoides from North-West Zambia through mapping of the telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n and banding techniques. | Three specimens of M. minutoides/musculoides from Zambia were cytogenetically studied through G- and C-banding, DAPI staining and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with a (TTAGGG)n telomeric sequence. Biarmed chromosomes were identified according to the current nomenclature as follows: Rb(2.7), Rb(3.12), Rb(4.5... |
12296521 | Molecular characterization and physical localization of highly repetitive DNA sequences from Brazilian Alstroemeria species. | Highly repetitive DNA sequences were isolated from genomic DNA libraries of Alstroemeria psittacina and A. inodora. Among the repetitive sequences that were isolated, tandem repeats as well as dispersed repeats could be discerned. The tandem repeats belonged to a family of interlinked Sau3A subfragments with sizes vary... |
12296520 | Resolution of fluorescence in-situ hybridization mapping on rice mitotic prometaphase chromosomes, meiotic pachytene chromosomes and extended DNA fibers. | Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) is a quick and affordable approach to map DNA sequences to specific chromosomal regions. Although FISH is one of the most important physical mapping techniques, research on the resolution of FISH on different cytological targets is scarce in plants. In this study, we report the... |
12296519 | Sheep/human comparative map in a chromosome region involved in scrapie incubation time shows multiple breakpoints between human chromosomes 14 and 15 and sheep chromosomes 7 and 18. | A chromosome region involved in scrapie incubation time was identified on sheep chromosome 18 (OAR18). Since OAR18 (and OAR7) share conserved chromosome segments with human chromosomes HSA14 and HSA15, a dense map of type I markers was constructed by FISH mapping of bacterial artificial chromosomes containing genes loc... |
12296518 | Ultra-rapid multicolor PRINS protocol for chromosome detection in human sperm. | We report a new multicolor PRINS procedure for chromosome identification on human sperm. Based on the direct in-situ mixing of the colors of the fluorochromes (FITC, TRITC, Cascade Blue) incorporated in sequential PRINS reactions, this method facilitates rapid distinct labeling of 3 or 4 chromosomes. Each PRINS reactio... |
12296517 | Transfer of rye chromosome segments to wheat by a gametocidal system. | A gametocidal chromosome derived from Aegilops triuncialis (3C) induces chromosome mutations in gametes lacking the 3C chromosome in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We combined 3C with chromosome 1R of rye (Secale cereale L.) in a common wheat line to know how efficiently 3C induces transfers of small 1R segments ... |
12271443 | Effects of size of noncovalent complexes on their stability during collision-induced dissociation. | The size-dependent stability of noncovalent complexes under collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions was studied on a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Complexes of heme, tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) (TPP-Fe), and tetraphenylporphyrin manganese(III) (TPP-Mn) with several histidine-containing peptides and ... |
12236465 | Transcription in the archaea: basal factors, regulation, and stress gene expression. | A brief survey is presented of salient findings on transcription in the Archaea, focussing on stress genes of the hsp70(dnaK) locus, which code for the molecular chaperones Hsp70(DnaK), Hsp40(DnaJ), and GrpE. Archaeal basal factors and some recently characterized regulators pertinent to non-stress genes are presented f... |
12229269 | Thermal analysis and spectroscopic characterization of interactions between a naphthoquinone derivative with HP-beta-CD or PVP. | The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interaction between both hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and PVP-K30 with 2-hydroxy-N-(3-methyl-5-ethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-imina (I), a synthetic derivative of isoxazolylnaphthoquinones that has demonstrated to exhibit important biolog... |
12207357 | Mechanistic investigation of the interaction between bisquaternary antimicrobial agents and phospholipids by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. | Mechanisms of interaction between the antimicrobial drugs decamethoxinum and aethonium, which are based on bisquaternary ammonium compounds, and a phospholipid component of biological membranes, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, were studied by means of liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS) and differential scan... |
12203236 | Mass spectrometric studies of benzoxazine resorcarenes. | Eleven differently substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine resorcarenes were studied by electrospray ionisation (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry, using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) and time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers, respectively. Under ES... |
12203905 | Properties of some alkyl substituted phthalocyanines and related macrocycles. | This report provides an account of research undertaken at the University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, into phthalocyanine derivatives substituted at six or more of the nonperipheral sites by alkyl groups. When first prepared they were only the second series of substituted phthalocyanines known to exhibit columnar li... |
12199146 | Crossing over as assessed by late recombination nodules is related to the pattern of synapsis and the distribution of early recombination nodules in maize. | Recombination nodules (RNs) are multicomponent proteinaceous ellipsoids found in association with the synaptonemal complex (SC) during prophase I of meiosis. Numerous early RNs (ENs) are observed during zygotene, and they may be involved in homologous synapsis and early events in recombination. Fewer late RNs (LNs) are... |
12199145 | Cytogenetic differentiation of two sympatric tree shrew taxa found in the southern part of the Isthmus of Kra. | Sympatric populations of the genus Tupaia encompassing two cytotypes (cyt60, 2n = 60 and cyt62, 2n = 62) were found in the southern part of the Isthmus of Kra (the middle region of the Malay Peninsula, Thailand). C-bands, location of rDNA, and location of non-essential telomeric repeats (TRs) were investigated in detai... |
12199144 | Active, but not inactive, human centromeres display topoisomerase II activity in vivo. | Eukaryotic centromeres are composed of centromere DNA and the multiple proteins directly or indirectly associated with it. One important DNA-binding protein in the centromere is DNA topoisomerase II (topo II). In the genome in general, topo II has two functions, one structural and one enzymatic, the latter catalyzing D... |
12199143 | A centromeric satellite DNA may be involved in heterochromatin compactness in gobiid fishes. | Centromere and telomere composition and organization were studied in various gobiid species exhibiting and not exhibiting chromosome polymorphisms involving Robertsonian rearrangements. In Gobius cobitis, we isolated an AT-rich centromeric DNA satellite, designated pCOB, and found that several sequences contain adenine... |
12199142 | Identification and partial characterization of a new Ceratitis capitata-specific 44-bp pericentromeric repeat. | Tandem satellite DNA repeats are often associated with centromeres. In spite of their importance in the organization of the centromere, they do not seem to be broadly conserved among species and their role is still unclear. Here we report the identification of a new 44-bp tandem pericentromeric repeat from the medfly, ... |
12199141 | Cytogenetic characterization of telomeres in the holocentric chromosomes of the lepidopteran Mamestra brassicae. | Telomeres of the Mamestra brassica holocentric chromosomes were studied by Southern blotting, in-situ hybridization and Bal31 assay evidencing the presence of the telomeric (TTAGG)n repeat. Successively, molecular analysis of telomeres showed that TRAS1 transposable elements were present at the subtelomeric regions of ... |
12199140 | Localization of human SMC1 protein at kinetochores. | Proper cohesion of sister chromatids is prerequisite for correct segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The cohesin multiprotein complex, conserved in eukaryotes, is required for sister chromatid cohesion. Human cohesion is composed of a stable heterodimer of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) fa... |
12182551 | Novel dendrimer based polyurethanes for PEO incorporation. | A series of segmented polyurethanes based on methylene diisocyanate/poly (tetramethylene oxide) and chain extended with either ethylene diamine or butane diol in combination with a generation 2 polypropylenimine octaamine dendrimer were synthesized. For polymer synthesis, the dendrimers were protected with either t-boc... |
12176848 | Delivery technologies for human vaccines. | There is currently intense research activity aimed at the development of new delivery systems for vaccines. The goal is to identify optimal methods for presenting target antigens to the immune system in a manner that will elicit immune responses appropriate for protection against, or treatment of, a specific disease. S... |
12169527 | DNA sequence and structure: direct and indirect recognition in protein-DNA binding. | <h4>Motivation</h4>Direct recognition, or direct readout, of DNA bases by a DNA-binding protein involves amino acids that interact directly with features specific to each base. Experimental evidence also shows that in many cases the protein achieves partial sequence specificity by indirect recognition, i.e., by recogni... |
12152789 | The first and second 'laws' of chemical morphology, exemplified in mammalian extracellular matrices. | Tissues are supramolecular organisations. The permanent and semi-permanent biopolymers therein function collaboratively in specifically bonded frameworks of macromolecules according to the physico-chemical laws that govern the behaviour of all molecules. In this paper two 'laws' or principles are discussed which give i... |
12126272 | Porous polymer monoliths: an alternative to classical beads. | Porous polymer monoliths are a new category of materials developed during the last decade. These materials are prepared using a simple molding process carried out within the confines of a closed mold. Polymerization of a mixture that typically contains monomers, free-radical initiator, and porogenic solvent affords mac... |
12125025 | Poly(amide ester)s from 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and ethanolamine derivatives: identification of macrocycles by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. | The influence of the polycondensation pathway and aminoalcohol structure was investigated in the synthesis of poly(amide ester)s by polytransesterification from ethyl pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol or the corresponding bis(amide alcohol), or by polycondensation from the diacid dichloride. Bo... |
12120352 | Construction of positively-charged layered assemblies assisted by cyclodextrin complexation. | A beta-cyclodextrin dimer is found to be effective in preparing a layer-by-layer architecture of positively charged ferrocene-appended poly(allylamine) presumably on the basis of strong beta-cyclodextrin-ferrocene host-guest interaction. |
12120319 | Labile coodination dendrimers. | Addition of anionic benzylsulfate dendrons to dynamic mixtures of Ag+ and triphosphine ligands results in the assembly of loosely-bonded cage-core dendrimers. |
12120306 | Novel catalysis of dendrimer-bound Pd(0) complexes: sterically steered allylic amination and the first application for a thermomorphic system. | Phosphinated dendrimer-bound Pd(0) complex catalysts show high stereoselectivity for allylic amination due to the surface congestion of dendrimers and can be easily recycled without loss of activity under thermomorphic conditions. |
12120304 | Cryptophanols, new versatile compounds for the synthesis of functionalized cryptophanes and polycryptophanes. | After deprotection with a palladium catalyst, mono-allylated cryptophane-A (1, 2) and cryptophane-E (3) gave the new cryptophanols 4, 5 and 6, respectively, which are important key compounds for the preparation of monofunctionalized cryptophanes as well as for the design of large supramolecular hosts such as the bis-cr... |
12120291 | Formation of oligotriazoles catalysed by cucurbituril. | The catalytic activity of cucurbituril in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions has been applied to the synthesis of oligotriazoles. |
12120288 | Ni(II) N4-macrocycle grafted crown ether: caesium cobalt(III) bis(dicarbollide) coordination polymer. | A mixture of a Ni(TMTAA) grafted crown ether and Cs[Co(C2B9H11)2] in toluene-CH2Cl2 affords a 1:1 complex, comprised of layers of infinite two-dimensional polymeric arrays separated by layers of the cobalticarborane anion which themselves form two B-H...Cs+ hydrogen interactions. |
12120286 | A novel ribbon-candy-like supramolecular architecture of cadmium(II)-terephthalate polymer with giant rhombic channels: twofold interpenetration of the 3D 8(2)10-a net. | The hydrothermal reaction of H2tp (tp = terephthalate), [Ph3PCH2Ph]Cl and water with Cd(O2CCH3)(2).2H2O gives rise to a novel ribbon-candy-like supramolecular architecture with twofold interpenetration of an unprecedented 3D 8(2)10-a net formed by polymer ([Ph3PCH2Ph][Cd(tp).Cl].2H2O]n containing giant rhombic channels... |
12119606 | Drug discovery by dynamic combinatorial libraries. | Dynamic combinatorial chemistry is a recently introduced supramolecular approach that uses self-assembly processes to generate libraries of chemical compounds. In contrast to the stepwise methodology of classical combinatorial techniques, dynamic combinatorial chemistry allows for the generation of libraries based on t... |
12112614 | Backbone cleavages of [M - H](-) anions derived from caerin 1 peptides and some synthetic modifications. Molecular recognition initiating internal cyclisation of Glu23. | The collision induced spectra of [M - H](-) anions from of caerin 1 peptides and some synthetic modifications show the usual alpha, beta and beta' backbone cleavages together with Ser (epsilon,gamma) and Glu (gamma) cleavages which break the peptide backbone in the vicinity of those residues. All of these cleavages req... |
12112866 | Conjugated macrocycles as active materials in nonlinear optical processes: optical limiting effect with phthalocyanines and related compounds. | An overview of the optical limiting (OL) processes in phthalocyanines and related compounds is presented, particularly a description of the synthesis and relevant optical properties of a series of axially substituted indium(III), titanium(IV), phthalo- and naphthalocyanines, and octaarylporphyrazines. Several technique... |
12099157 | A comparison of two different formulations of diclofenac sodium 0.1% in the treatment of inflammation following cataract-intraocular lens surgery. | <h4>Objective</h4>To compare the efficacy, tolerability and local tolerance of diclofenac sodium 0.1% containing hydroxypropylgamma cyclodextrin preserved with benzalkonium chloride 0.005% (Voltaren Ophtha CD), with that of diclofenac sodium 0.1% preserved with thiomersal 0.004% (Voltaren Ophtha) in the treatment of in... |
12096438 | Thermodynamics of biological evolution and aging. Supramolecular thermodynamics is a key to understanding phenomena of life. What is life from a physical chemist's viewpoint. | The law of temporal hierarchies of the biological world allows us to pick out of the biomass quasi-closed thermodynamic systems with a given hierarchy. It has been established, that the use of this law of Nature as applied to supramolecular structures of organisms allows us the opportunity of using the methods of equil... |
12083460 | Interactions of flavones and other phytochemicals with adenosine receptors. | Dietary flavonoids have varied effects on animal cells, such as inhibition of platelet binding and aggregation, inhibition of inflammation, and anticancer properties, but the mechanisms of these effects remain largely unexplained. Adenosine receptors are involved in the homeostasis of the immune, cardiovascular, and ce... |
12078489 | Alterations in membrane cholesterol that affect structure and function of caveolae. | Most of the available methods for modifying caveolae structure and function depend on altering the cholesterol content of caveolae. The most important aspect of each method is to ensure the reagents are working in the cells that are being studied. The idiosyncrasies of each method are such that they cannot be universal... |
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