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12068438 | [On the principle of substance stability and thermodynamic feedback in hierarchic systems of the bio-world]. | The creation of structural hierarchies in open natural biosystems within the framework of quasi-closed systems is investigated by the methods of hierarchic thermodynamics (thermostatics). During the evolution of natural open systems, every higher hierarchic level j appears as a consequence of thermodynamic self-organiz... |
12067214 | Oligoclonal interspecific origin of 'North Indian' and 'Chinese' sugarcanes. | Sugarcanes consist of several groups of complex polyploid forms. The origin of 'North Indian' and 'Chinese' sugarcanes (referred to as S. barberi and S. sinense) was investigated using genomic in-situ hybridization (GISH), detection of species-specific repeated sequences and RFLP. GISH proved their interspecific hybrid... |
12067213 | The impact of p53 loss on murine plasmacytoma development. | Mouse plasmacytomas (PCTs) are characterized by c-myc-activating translocations that juxtapose c-myc on chromosome 15 onto one of the immunoglobulin loci (IgH on chromosome 12, IgK on chromosome 6, or IgA on chromosome 16). To assess the impact of p53 loss on PCT genesis, we induced PCTs in p53-deficient BALB/cRb6.15 m... |
12067212 | An easy procedure for cytogenetic analysis of aged chromosome preparations using FISH-WCP probes. | Fluorescence in-situ hybridization using whole chromosome probes (FISH-WCP) has become the methodology of choice of most cytogenetic laboratories. However, good hybridization results are often associated with sample quality, storage conditions, and the age of metaphase preparations. Particularly, aging metaphase prepar... |
12067211 | Towards unlimited colors for fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). | We describe a FISH protocol that allows rehybridization of complex DNA probes up to four times to the same specimen. This strategy, which we termed ReFISH, opens a wide range of new applications to conventional band pass filter epifluorescence microscopy. These include M-FISH karyotyping and cross-species color banding... |
12067210 | The genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and five mustelid species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and G-banding. | Genome-wide homology maps among stone marten (Martes foina, 2n = 38), domestic cat (Felis catus, 2n = 38), American mink (Mustela vison, 2n = 30), yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula, 2n = 40), Old World badger (Meles meles, 2n = 44), ferret badger (Melogale moschata, 2n = 38) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens, 2n = ... |
12067209 | DNA in the centromeric heterochromatin of polytene chromosomes is topologically open. | Heterochromatin differs from euchromatin by a set of specific features. We suggested earlier that specific features of heterochromatin result from differences in DNA topology of these two chromatin types and provided explanations for the majority of them (Gruzdev 2000). We proposed that, unlike topologically closed euc... |
12067208 | Lampbrush chromosomes and associated bodies: new insights into principles of nuclear structure and function. | The lampbrush chromosomes and assorted nuclear bodies of amphibian and avian oocytes provide uniquely advantageous and amenable experimental material for cell biologists to study the structure and function of the eukaryotic nucleus, and in particular to address the processes of nuclear gene expression. Recent findings ... |
12064060 | Solubilization of a naphthoquinone derivative by hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30). The influence of PVP-K30 and pH on solubilizing effect of HP-beta-CD. | The effects of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30) on the solubility of 2-Hydroxyl-N-(3-methyl-5-ethylisoxazolyl-4-yl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-imine (I) were investigated, this compound, a synthetic derivative of isoxazolylnaphthoquinones, has proved to exhibit important biologi... |
12012447 | Structural features of two distinct molecular complexes of copper(II) cationic porphyrin and deoxyribonucleotides. | The associations of the water-soluble cationic copper(II)-5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrin (CuP) with d(pT)9 oligothymidylate and its building blocks deoxythymidine (dT) and deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (dTMP) were investigated by spectrophotometric titration [absorption, nanosecond transient re... |
12026112 | Investigation of interaction of promethazine with cyclodextrins. | The effect of beta-CD and its substituted derivatives (DM-beta-CD and HP-beta-CD) on the solubility and photostability of promethazine was investigated in solution and in the solid state. The soluble complexes of protonated (pH = 6.8) and basic (pH = 10.8) forms of promethazine with CDs were studied using the spectral ... |
12018316 | Influence of substrate and product concentrations on the production of cyclodextrins by CGTase of Bacillus firmus, strain no. 37. | The influence of substrate or product level on the initial velocity of cyclodextrin (CD) production by cyclodextringlycosyltransferase from a Brazilian isolate of Bacillus firmus was studied. Our results indicate that the product gamma-CD is a stronger inhibitor to the reaction than beta-CD. Small saccharides could als... |
12008696 | Improved method for visualizing coated pits, microfilaments, and microtubules in cryofixed and freeze-substituted plant cells. | We have optimized the conditions for visualizing microfilaments, microtubules, and coated pits in the cortical cytoplasm of high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted plant cells, in both tobacco root tips and onion cotyledons, individual microfilaments and the supramolecular structure of coated pits can be seen clear... |
12003675 | Molecular, immunological and clinical properties of mutated hepatitis B viruses. | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is at the origin of severe liver diseases like chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are some groups of patients with high risk of generation of HBV mutants: infected infants, immunosuppressed individuals (including hemodialysis patients), patients treated... |
11999693 | Applications of fluorescence resonance energy transfer for mapping biological membranes. | The interaction of the cell surface proteins plays a key role in the process of transmembrane signaling. Receptor clustering and changes in their conformation are often essential factors in the final outcome of ligand receptor interactions. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an excellent tool for determin... |
11994763 | Effect of sulfated beta-cyclodextrin, a water soluble cycloamylose, on the promotion and/or inhibition of angiogenesis. | Previous studies have reported that sulfated b b-cyclodextrin, a naturally occurring cycloamylose built up from six to eight glucopyranose units, when administered alone promotes angiogenesis, but administered with an angiostatic steroid inhibits angiogenesis in the cick embryo bioassay. In our experiments sulfated b b... |
11993937 | Topological organization of DNA molecules in the macronucleus of hypotrichous ciliated protozoa. | The DNA in the macronucleus of a hypotrichous ciliate occurs as millions of short molecules packed into dense chromatin bodies 0.1-2 microm in diameter. We have studied by electron microscopy the organization of DNA molecules in these chromatin bodies of macronuclei lysed in water at pH 9. Proteinase K treatment of lys... |
11993936 | Aloe spp.--plants with vertebrate-like telomeric sequences. | Chromosome termini of most eukaryotes end in tracks of short tandemly repeated GC-rich sequences, the composition of which varies among different groups of organisms. Plant species predominantly contain (TTTAGGG)n repeats at their telomeres. However, a few plant species, including members of Alliaceae and Aloe spp. (As... |
11993935 | Chromosomal evolution of the Hapalemur griseus subspecies (Malagasy Prosimian), including a new chromosomal polymorphic cytotype. | A cytogenetic study has been performed on Hapalemur griseus caught in different locations of the eastern and northern forests of Madagascar. This allowed the determination of the more precise distribution areas of the different subspecies and the isolation of a new cytogenetic polymorphic subspecies of H. griseus. The ... |
11993934 | FISHing in the microwave: the easy way to preserve proteins. I. Colocalization of DNA probes and surface antigens in human leukocytes. | Most of the techniques for simultaneous visualization of proteic cell components and DNA probes are difficult to carry out. We have developed an alternative protocol for simultaneous visualization of DNA probes and cell surface antigens in human cells. The method exploits microwave energy to denature DNA and to anneal ... |
11993933 | Ancient tetraploidy and slow molecular evolution in Scaphiophryne: ecological correlates of speciation mode in Malagasy relict amphibians. | Karyotypes of three microhylid frog species of the Malagasy relict genus Scaphiophryne were studied: Scaphiophryne gottlebei, S. madagascariensis and S. spinosa. The latter two showed a plesiomorphic ranoid karyotype of 2n = 26. In contrast, tetraploidy was demonstrated in S. gottlebei, which constitutes an exceptional... |
11993932 | Comparative analysis of the MSAT-160 repeats in four species of common vole (Microtus, Arvicolidae). | The highly repeated tandemly arranged satellite DNA from the MSAT-160 family has been studied in 4 species of common vole (the Microtus arvalis group). All the monomer units analysed were classified into 4 subfamilies on the basis of similar nucleotide substitutions. The first 3 subfamilies do not show any species spec... |
11993931 | Complex structure of B-chromosomes in two mammalian species: Apodemus peninsulae (Rodentia) and Nyctereutes procyonoides (Carnivora). | B-chromosomes (Bs) of two mammalian species, raccoon dog (Nyctereutesprocyonoides, Carnivora) and Asian wood mouse (Apodemus peninsulae, Rodentia) were investigated using chromosome segment microdissection and double-colour FISH. In the raccoon dog, all B-chromosomes showed homology with each other but not with the A-c... |
11993930 | Painting analysis of meiotic metaphase I configurations of the germ line-limited chromosomes in Acricotopus. | Meiotic metaphase I configurations and pairing behavior of the germ line-limited chromosomes (= Ks) in the chironomid Acricotopus lucidus were analyzed by chromosome painting using specific probes of the three soma chromosomes (= Ss) and of their individual arms. The Ks are derived from the Ss and possess large S-homol... |
11993938 | Isolation, characterization and chromosome localization of repetitive DNA sequences in bananas (Musa spp.). | Partial genomic DNA libraries were constructed in Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana and screened for clones carrying repeated sequences, and sequences carrying rDNA. Isolated clones were characterized in terms of copy number, genomic distribution in M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, and sequence similarity to known DNA se... |
11989823 | In situ assessment of erythrocyte membrane properties during cold storage. | Membrane fluidity and overall protein secondary structure of human erythrocytes were studied in situ using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Erythrocyte membranes were found to have weakly cooperative phase transitions at 14 degrees C and at 34 degrees C, which were tentatively assigned to the melting of ... |
11984003 | The dual AngII/AVP receptor gene N119S/C163R variant exhibits sodium-induced dysfunction and cosegregates with salt-sensitive hypertension in the Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rat model. | <h4>Background</h4>Essential hypertension is a prevalent complex polygenic disease and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in developed countries. Because of its complex and multifactorial nature, its genetic determinants still remain largely unknown. The Dahl salt-sensitive hyper... |
11976040 | Electron microscopic determination of silver incorporation in collagen fibers as a model of organic-metal chiral supramolecular structure with optical anisotropic properties. | The high positive linear dichroism (LD) exhibited by silver-impregnated collagen fibers are thought to be caused by an ordered binding of silver nanoparticles to the collagen fibers. A correlation between LD, established by image analysis, and the size of silver particles as measured by electron microscopy was investig... |
11969119 | Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: mechanisms and modulation. | Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen both within hospitals and in the community. Methicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, acts by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that are involved in the synthesis of peptidoglycan, an essential mesh-like polymer that surrounds the cell. S. aureus can become resistant t... |
11958334 | Immunosensors for pesticide analysis: antibody production and sensor development. | Immunosensors, a type of affinity biosensor, are based on the binding interactions between an immobilized biomolecule (antibody/antigen) on the electronic transducer surface with the analyte of interest (antigen/antibody), resulting in a detectable signal. The sensor system takes advantage of the high selectivity provi... |
11952098 | Structure and function of the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor/guanylyl cyclase C. | Guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) was found to function as the principal receptor for heat-stable enterotoxins (STa), major causative factors in E. coli-induced secretory diarrhea. GC-C is enriched in intestinal epithelium, but was also detected in other epithelial tissues. The enzyme belongs to the family of receptor guanylyl... |
11948687 | Tubulin, actin, and tau protein interactions and the study of their macromolecular assemblies. | The intracellular polymerization of cytoskeletal proteins into their supramolecular assemblies raises many questions regarding the regulatory patterns that control this process. Binding experiments using the ELISA solid phase system, together with protein assembly assays and electron microscopical studies provided clue... |
11936765 | The use of cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis in the determination of the enantiomeric purity. | Employing cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis, the racemates of some 30 acidic, neutral and basic dihydropyridines (DHP) were resolved using neutral and negatively charged cyclodextrins (CDs) derivatives. Whereas the enantiomers of the acidic DHPs could be separated with neutral CDs the enantiomers of the n... |
11921252 | Electrospray mass spectrometric studies of L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) complexes with copper(II) or zinc ions in aqueous solution. | Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for the speciation of supramolecular assemblies formed between equimolar amounts of carnosine and copper or zinc ions in dilute aqueous solutions. In the case of pure carnosine and carnosine/copper systems, the effect of pH changes, in the range 2-9, on the co... |
11918291 | Aniracetam improves contextual fear conditioning and increases hippocampal gamma-PKC activation in DBA/2J mice. | DBA/2J (D2) mice display poor contextual learning and have less membrane-bound hippocampal protein kinase C (PKC) compared with C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Aniracetam and oxiracetam were previously shown to improve contextual learning in D2 mice and increase PKC activity. This study investigated a possible mechanism for learnin... |
11917005 | Post-training cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition impairs memory consolidation. | Evidence indicates that prostanoids, such as prostaglandins, play a regulatory role in several forms of neural plasticity, including long-term potentiation, a cellular model for certain forms of learning and memory. In these experiments, the significance of the COX isoforms cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2... |
11900114 | Cloning, expression, and characterization of thermostable region of amylopullulanase gene from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus 39E. | The bifunctional activities of alpha-amylase and pullulanase are found in the cloned recombinant amylopullulanase. It was encoded in a 2.9-kb DNA fragment that was amplified using polymerase chain reaction from the chromosomal DNA of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus 39E. An estimated 109-kDa recombinant protein was obtai... |
11896558 | Nonviral gene transfer strategies for the vasculature. | Major attention has been focused on the development of gene therapy approaches for the treatment of vascular diseases. In this review, we focus on an alternative use of gene therapy: the use of genetic means to study vascular cell biology and physiology. Both viral and nonviral gene transfer strategies have limitations... |
11895149 | Immunonutrition in patients after multiple trauma. | Severe trauma threatens the life of the victim, both directly and indirectly via immunological dysregulation during the subsequent clinical course. Inflammatory or infectious episodes may complicate the clinical course and ultimately result in sepsis and multiple organ failure, which have mortality rates of up to 80%. ... |
11894840 | Effect of geldanamycin on androgen receptor function and stability. | In the ligand-binding inactive state, the steroid receptor heterocomplex contains Hsp90, Hsp70, high-molecular weight immunophilins, and other proteins. Hsp90 acts in association with co-chaperones to maintain the native state of the receptor within the cells. It was reported earlier that Hsp90 might not be as importan... |
11886166 | High level expression and purification of the Epstein-Barr virus encoded cytokine viral interleukin 10: efficient removal of endotoxin. | To characterize the structural and functional properties of viral interleukin 10 (vIL-10), its cDNA was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pMAL-c2, which directs the synthesis of the inserted gene as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein (MBP). The MBP-vIL-10 fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia... |
11883411 | Evaluation of a hip fracture risk score for assessing elderly women: the Melton Osteoporotic Fracture (MOF) study. | Risk assessment for osteoporotic fracture within a primary care context, in old age, has received little attention. We aimed to develop such a risk score and assess its feasibility and validity. This was a 100% population-based, prospective cohort study, with a minimum 5 1/2 year follow-up among women aged 70 years and... |
11876263 | Selective effect of cholesterylphosphoserine on intracellular cholesterol transport. | Cholesteryl-3beta-phosphoserine (CPHS) is a synthetic steroid affecting intracellular cholesterol transport. To compare CPHS with the well-known inhibitors progesterone and U18666A, we examined cholesterol transport in three human cell lines: the monocytic U-937, the endothelial ECV-304, and the lymphoid Jurkat. Under ... |
11870921 | Temperature differentially affects encounter and docking thermodynamics of antibody--antigen association. | Using BIACORE SPR, we have examined the mechanism of temperature effects on the binding kinetics of two closely related antibody Fabs (H10 and H26) which recognize coincident epitopes on hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL), and whose association and dissociation kinetics are best described by the two-step conformational chang... |
11870920 | Coiled coil miniprotein randomization on phage leads to charge pattern mimicry of the receptor recognition determinant of interleukin 5. | Phage display was used to identify sequences that mimic structural determinants in interleukin5 (IL5) for IL5 receptor recognition. A coiled coil stem loop (CCSL) miniprotein scaffold library was constructed with its turn region randomized and panned for binding variants against human IL5 receptor alpha chain (IL5Ralph... |
11870919 | Selective infection of E. coli as a function of a specific molecular interaction. | Selective infection of phage is when the bacterial infection depends on the specific molecular interaction between an antigen and a phage-displayed protein sequence such as an antibody. Engineering of the normal infection into pathways, directed by a specific protein--protein interaction, has raised several mechanistic... |
11870918 | Distamycin A affects the stability of NF-kappaB p50-DNA complexes in a sequence-dependent manner. | The effect of two different DNA minor groove binding molecules, Hoechst 33258 and distamycin A, on the binding kinetics of NF-kappaB p50 to three different specific DNA sequences was studied at various salt concentrations. Distamycin A was shown to significantly increase the dissociation rate constant of p50 from the s... |
11870917 | Functional characterization of an anti-estradiol antibody by site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modelling: modulation of binding properties and prominent role of the V(L) domain in estradiol recognition. | The high-affinity monoclonal anti-estradiol antibody 9D3 presents a specificity defect towards estradiol-3-sulphate and 3-glucuronide conjugates incompatible with use in direct immunoassays. The corresponding single-chain variable fragment (scFv), cloned and produced in E. coli, exhibited a 10-fold lower affinity for e... |
11870916 | Elusive recognition determinants for ubiquitination. | How are proteins recognized as substrates for ubiquitination? Here we summarize insights from recent experiments that address this issue. These highlight the diversity and complexity of determinants for substrate recognition, and raise many questions for further investigation. |
11866574 | Formation of and coalescence from the inclusion complex of a biodegradable block copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin. 2: A novel way to regulate the biodegradation behavior of biodegradable block copolymers. | A biodegradable block copolymer (PCL-b-PLLA, M(n) = 1.72 x 10(4), M(w)/M(n) = 1.37) of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) with very low crystallinity was obtained by forming the inclusion complex between alpha-cyclodextrin molecules and PCL-b-PLLA followed by coalescence of the guest polymer ch... |
11866570 | Cell membrane as a model for the design of ion-active nanostructured supramolecular systems. | The synthesis and polymerization of six AB(3) tapered self-assembling methacrylate monomers (5a, 5b, 5c,5d, 17a, and 17b) based on first generation alkyl substituted benzyl ether monodendrons (i.e., minidendrons) containing oligooxyethylene units at their focal point and the polymerizable group on their periphery are d... |
11865674 | Intravenous administration of poorly soluble new drug entities in early drug discovery: the potential impact of formulation on pharmacokinetic parameters. | Currently, in early drug discovery, compounds that are formulated for first-animal experiments are increasingly characterized as being lipophilic and poorly water-soluble. Typical examples of intravenous formulations for these compounds include aqueous solutions at non-physiologically high or low pH, co-solvent solutio... |
11863075 | The nature and destiny of translocated B-chromosome-specific satellite DNA of rye. | Translocations of A chromosome-specific and B chromosome-specific satellite DNA were tracked by fluorescence in situ hybridisation from an irradiated M1 generation of an experimental population of rye (Secale cereale L.) to its M2 progeny. Although high frequencies of large structural rearrangements were detected in ro... |
11863074 | Partially inverted tandem repeat isolated from pericentric region of chicken chromosome 8. | The majority of chicken repetitive sequence is nuclear-membrane-associated sequence (CNM), which resides in a large number of microchromosomes (chromosomes 11-39) and is absent from macrochromosomes 1-5, ZW, and some of the intermediate chromosomes 6-10. Two repetitive families, EcoRI/XhoI, are confined to the female-s... |
11863073 | Chromosome sorting and PCR-based physical mapping in pea (Pisum sativum L.). | Three pea lines with reconstructed karyotypes were used for analysis and subsequent purification of individual chromosome types using flow cytometry and sorting. The lines JI 145, JI 146, and JI 148 possess defined chromosomal translocations allowing discrimination of three to four chromosome types from each line based... |
11863072 | Direct evidence for the Homo-Pan clade. | For a long time, the evolutionary relationship between human and African apes, the 'trichotomy problem', has been debated with strong differences in opinion and interpretation. Statistical analyses of different molecular DNA data sets have been carried out and have primarily supported a Homo-Pan clade. An alternative w... |
11863070 | In-situ comparative mapping (ISCM) of Glu-1 loci in Triticum and Hordeum. | The ability to detect small low- or single-copy DNA sequences by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) is an important step towards physical mapping of plant genomes. In this study, the FISH technique was used to physically map the Glu-1 loci controlling high-molecular weight (HMW) glutenin in common wheat (Triticu... |
11863069 | Meiotic chromosomes as templates for microdissection. | As templates for chromosome microdissection, meiotic cells offer several advantages over mitotic cells. The pairing of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate of the first meiotic division allows the simultaneous isolation of two copies of the same chromosome, and the sex chromosomes are easy to identify in male ... |
11863068 | Fragile sites in human and Macaca fascicularis chromosomes are breakpoints in chromosome evolution. | We have analysed the expression of aphidicolin-induced common fragile sites at two different aphidicolin concentrations (0.1 micromol/L and 0.2 micromol/L) in three female and one male crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis, Cercopithecidae, Catarrhini). A total of 3948 metaphases were analysed: 1754 in cultures exp... |
11863067 | Chromosome ends in Chironomus tentans do not have long single-stranded overhangs characterizing canonical telomeres. | Single-stranded overhangs of the G-rich strand belong to the conserved features of telomeres composed of short telomeric repeats. These structures are thought to be essential for the maintenance of proper telomeric structure and function and the mechanism of their generation is telomerase-independent. We have examined ... |
11863071 | Principles of the highly ordered arrangement of metaphase I bivalents in spermatocytes of Agrodiaetus (Insecta, Lepidoptera). | We have investigated the nature of highly ordered bivalent arrangement in lepidopteran spermatocytes by analysing and comparing the patterns of bivalent distribution in intact metaphase I plates of 24 closely related species of the genus Agrodiaetus (Lycaenidae). The studied species greatly differed in haploid chromoso... |
11856334 | Substrate recognition by three family 13 yeast alpha-glucosidases. | Important hydrogen bonding interactions between substrate OH-groups in yeast alpha-glucosidases and oligo-1,6-glucosidase from glycoside hydrolase family 13 have been identified by measuring the rates of hydrolysis of methyl alpha-isomaltoside and its seven monodeoxygenated analogs. The transition-state stabilization e... |
11854005 | Direct modulation of the host cell cytoskeleton by Salmonella actin-binding proteins. | Invasive Salmonella trigger their own uptake into non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells by delivering virulence proteins that stimulate signaling pathways and remodel the actin cytoskeleton. It has recently emerged that Salmonella encodes two actin-binding proteins, SipC and SipA, which together efficiently nucleate actin po... |
11849189 | Pharmacogenetics of asthma. | Recent advances in the extent of knowledge regarding interindividual genetic variation in drug treatment targets and drug metabolizing enzymes has resulted in studies designed to assess the contribution of genetic variability to treatment response in a range of diseases. This review describes the current state of knowl... |
11846033 | Molecular pathology and pathobiology of osteoarthritic cartilage. | The biochemical properties of articular cartilage rely on the biochemical composition and integrity of its extracellular matrix. This matrix consists mainly of a collagen network and the proteoglycan-rich ground substance. In osteoarthritis, ongoing cartilage matrix destruction takes place, leading to a progressive los... |
11843162 | Transition metal ion directed supramolecular assembly of one- and two-dimensional polyrotaxanes incorporating cucurbituril. | This paper reports a synthetic strategy to construct one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) polyrotaxanes, in which a number of rings are threaded onto a coordination polymer, by the combination of self-assembly and coordination chemistry. Our approach to construct polyrotaxanes with high structural regularity involves t... |
11843160 | Novel bis-betaines and betaines within [1(4)]meta-heterophane frameworks. | After prior selection of betaine building blocks for the construction of quadrupolar heterophane frameworks, a convergent "3+1" synthetic strategy is reported for the synthesis of the title macrocycles composed of heterocyclic betaine subunit(s). These typify the first example of simple cyclophanes constructed out of b... |
11843147 | Phenylacetylene macrocycles with two opposing bipyridine donor sites: syntheses, X-ray structure determinations, and Ru complexation. | Reaction of the known macrocycle 1a, which contains two bipyridine units in opposing sides, with two equivalents of [Ru(bipy)2Cl2] furnishes the doubly exocyclically complexed macrocycle 8a in 55% yield. Synthesis of the shape-persistent macrocycle 1c by Hagihara-Sonogashira cross-coupling chemistry of suitably functio... |
11840533 | Electrophoretic behavior of adamantane derivatives possessing antiviral activity and their determination by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect detection. | Separation and determination of adamantane derivatives with antiviral activity, namely amantadine (1-adamantan amine), memantine (1-amino-3,5-dimethyl adamantane) and rimantadine (alpha-methyl-1-adamantane methylamine), were examined by capillary zone electrophoresis. After optimization, an indirect detection method us... |
11829127 | Vehicles for oligonucleotide delivery to tumours. | The vasculature of a tumour provides the most effective route by which neoplastic cells may be reached and eradicated by drugs. The fact that a tumour's vasculature is relatively more permeable than healthy host tissue should enable selective delivery of drugs to tumour tissue. Such delivery is relevant to carrier-medi... |
11828392 | High-level gene transfer to the cornea using electroporation. | <h4>Background</h4>Methods for gene transfer to the cornea that yield high-level expression without inflammation or trauma are currently lacking. Because electroporation has proven effective for gene transfer in other tissues in terms of expression levels and safety, this study quantitatively evaluated its use in the c... |
11827293 | The toxicity of tri-substituted benzenes to the protozoan ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum. | The Spirotox test utilises a large ciliate protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum as a test organism. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of tri-substituted benzenes in the Spirotox test. Twenty-six organic compounds were tested in this study and included: dimethylphenols (DMPs), dichlorophenols (DCMs), ... |
11824811 | Optimization of the separation lactic acid enantiomers in body fluids by capillary electrophoresis. | The optimization of the separation conditions of the two optical isomers of lactic acid by a factorial design is reported. Initially, different chiral selectors were systematically investigated and then a experimental design with three quantitative factors (cyclodextrin concentration and background buffer pH and concen... |
11824583 | Use of beta-cyclodextrins to prevent modifications of the properties of carbopol hydrogels due to carbopol-drug interactions. | Carbomers are carboxyvinylic derivatives that are widely used in the manufacture of hydrogel dosage forms. Because of their anionic nature and large number of acid groups, they tend to interact with cationic substances, and with other hydrophilic polymers containing alcohol groups. Here, we report a study of interactio... |
11823855 | Stepwise radial complexation of imine groups in phenylazomethine dendrimers. | Dendrimers are highly branched organic macromolecules with successive layers or 'generations' of branch units surrounding a central core. Organic-inorganic hybrid versions have also been produced, by trapping metal ions or metal clusters within the voids of the dendrimers. The unusual, tree-like topology endows these n... |
11822461 | Supramolecular synthesis through dihydrogen bonds: self-assembly of controlled architectures from NaBH4 x poly(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclen building blocks. | A systematic investigation of molecular structures/supramolecular organization relationships in dihydrogen-bonded complexes comprising NaBH4 and poly-2-hydroxyethyl-cyclen (poly-HEC) building blocks is reported. Like in the prototype compound 1, a (NaBH4-poly-HEC)2 dimeric arrangement has been found in the analogous st... |
11822448 | [FeCp]+-induced hexafunctionalization of hexamethylbenzene with dendrons for the direct synthesis of redox-active iron-centered metallodendrimers. | Phenol tri- and nonaallyl dendrons (3 and 7, respectively) were functionalized at the focal position to give the new triallyl dendrons 4 and 6 and the nonaallyl dendrons 11 and 13 that contain a iodoalkyl or a bromobenzyl termini. All these dendrons were used for the [FeCp]+-induced hexafunctionalization of hexamethylb... |
11826866 | Zirconocene-mediated, high-yielding macrocyclizations of silyl-terminated diynes. | A series of silyl-terminated diynes of varying lengths and substitution patterns have been prepared. These diynes undergo zirconocene coupling with selective formation of trimeric macrocycles from linear alkynes, while nonlinear diynes give cyclodimeric products. The length of the linear diynes can be increased for the... |
11822464 | New mono- and tricyclopalladated dendritic systems with encapsulated catalytic sites. | The preparation of a series of new macrocyclic carbodiazasilane molecules functionalized with the monoanionic [2,6-(CH2NMe2)2C6H3](-)[triple bond]N,C,N-pincer ligand has been accomplished. Palladation of these systems was possible through oxidative addition with [Pd(dba)2] affording exclusive formation of the meso dias... |
11821059 | Evidence for cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger association with caveolin-3. | The interaction of cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchange (NCX1) with caveolin proteins was investigated in sarcolemmal vesicles. Western blots of sarcolemmal vesicles revealed the presence of caveolin-1, -2, and -3. NCX1 co-fractionated more closely with caveolin-3 than caveolin-1 on sucrose density gradients. NCX1 has five possib... |
11820274 | Nonlinear analysis of dynamic binding in affinity capillary electrophoresis demonstrated for inclusion complexes of beta-cyclodextrin. | The stability of the molecular host-guest inclusion complexes of beta-cyclodextrin with benzoate and four different hydroxybenzoates is investigated. For the measurement of the binding constants an experimental method is devised that is based on affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) with indirect UV absorbance detec... |
11817733 | Separation and control of the elution order of N-t-butyloxycarbonyl amino acids D/L isomers by reversed-phase HPLC using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for the mobile phase. | The enantiomeric resolution of N-t-butyloxycarbonyl (N-t-Boc) amino acids D/L isomers by reversed-phase HPLC was investigated using cyclodextrins (CD's) as chiral selectors for the mobile phase. The use of a low pH (pH<4) for the mobile phase enabled the enantioseparation of N-t-Boc amino acids. The opposite elution or... |
11817730 | An attempt directed toward enhanced shape selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: preparation of the dodecylaminated beta-cyclodextrin-bonded phase. | With the aim of preparing a stationary phase with a high shape-recognition ability for liquid chromatography, a new bonded phase was synthesized by coupling multiply dodecylamino-substituted beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) to 3-glycidoxypropyl-derivatized silica gel. The stationary phase prepared in this way was expected t... |
11817727 | Photo-response assisted enantiomer separations on an azobenzene-modified gamma-cyclodextrin stationary phase in micro-HPLC. | The photo-responses of the retention and enantioseparation of several optical isomers were evaluated using an azobenzene-modified gamma-cyclodextrin stationary phase (Az gamma-CDSP) in micro-HPLC. UV light irradiation induced a decrease in the retention and the chiral selectivity for N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-1-phenylethy... |
11817723 | Preparation and characterization of cyclodextrin polymer and its high-performance liquid-chromatography stationary phase. | Cyclodextrin (CD) polymers were synthesized from the reaction of native CDs with a hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) compound in a dried DMF solution. The obtained CD polymer contained a range of 8-14% N due to HDI by elemental analysis. The physical and chemical properties of the CD polymers were characterized by IR, s... |
11817588 | Abnormal expression of various molecular forms and distribution of T cell receptor zeta chain in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. | <h4>Objective</h4>T cells from the majority of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display antigen receptor-mediated signaling aberrations associated with defective T cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain expression. The TCR zeta chain, a critical signaling molecule, exists in multiple molecular forms and membran... |
11814631 | Investigation of substance P transport across the blood-brain barrier. | The transport of substance P (SP) was investigated using the bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell culture model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The samples were derivatized precolumn with naphthalene dialdehyde, then analyzed by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluo... |
11813312 | Investigation of homo- and heterodimer alkali metal cation complexes of resorc[4]arenes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | Resorc[4]arenes are compounds with interesting properties, mainly because of their ability to form host-guest complexes with the guest located inside the cavity. The size of the guest limits the complexation, as shown by a competition experiment with tetraalkylammonium ions of different size. By electroscopy ionization... |
11813311 | Characterization of multimetallic grid-type complexes by electrospray mass spectrometry. | The self-assembly of the terdentate ligands 1a-h, based on terpyridine-like binding sites, with octahedrally coordinated metal ions, such as Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II), leads to the formation of the supramolecular grid-type complexes 2a-c(M(II)), 3d-g(M(II)) and 4h(M(II)). The structures ... |
11811494 | Reduced heterogeneity of a lignite humic acid by preparative HPSEC following interaction with an organic acid. Characterization of size-separates by Pyr-GC-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. | Preparative high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to size-fractionate a humic acid (HA) solution with 0.05 M ionic strength before and after having made the humic solution 0.5 x 10(-3) M in acetic acid (AcOH). Size-fractions were characterized by pyrolysis-gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry ... |
11809843 | Post-transcriptional down-regulation of ROCKI/Rho-kinase through an MEK-dependent pathway leads to cytoskeleton disruption in Ras-transformed fibroblasts. | Transformation by oncogenic Ras profoundly alters actin cytoskeleton organization. We investigated Ras-dependent signaling pathways involved in cytoskeleton disruption by transfecting normal rat kidney (NRK) cells with different Ras mutants. RasV12S35, a mutant known to activate specifically the Raf/MAPK pathway, led t... |
11809836 | Caveolae are highly immobile plasma membrane microdomains, which are not involved in constitutive endocytic trafficking. | To investigate whether caveolae are involved in constitutive endocytic trafficking, we expressed N- and C- terminally green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged caveolin- 1 fusion proteins in HeLa, A431, and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The fusion proteins were shown by immunogold labeling to be sorted correctly to cav... |
11808741 | Supramolecular host-guest systems as frameworks for excitation energy transfer. | The antenna behavior of rhodamine 6G and methylene blue loaded novel host supramolecular frameworks is investigated. The geometrical constraints of these supramolecular hosts allows the cationic dye molecules encapsulating within the parallel channels to form novel host-guest systems. The cationic dyes are close togeth... |
11808730 | Thermodynamic study on the effects of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion with berberine. | The fluorescence enhancement of berberine (Berb) as a result of complex with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) is investigated. The association constants of alpha-CD and beta-CD with Berb are 60 and 137 M(-1) at 20 degrees C in pH 7.20 aqueous solution. Effects of temperature on the forming inclusion complexes of beta-CD wit... |
11808638 | Photophysics of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde/ alpha-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. | This paper reports the probing of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) cavities with the help of dual emission properties of 4-N,N dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde (DMACA) in aqueous solution. An interesting feature could be observed that due to 1:1 complexation DMACA is encapsulated within alpha-CD in two distinctly different ty... |
11807818 | Evidence for a physiological role for membrane rafts in human platelets. | We have investigated raft formation in human platelets in response to cell activation. Lipid phase separation and domain formation were detected using the fluorescent dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (diI-C(18)) that preferentially partitions into gel-like lipid domains. We showed... |
11807179 | The binding site of aminergic G protein-coupled receptors: the transmembrane segments and second extracellular loop. | In the current chapter, we review approaches to the identification of the residues forming the binding sites for agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators in the family of aminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We then review the structural bases for ligand binding and pharmacological specificity based o... |
11805137 | A chemokine receptor CCR-1 antagonist reduces renal fibrosis after unilateral ureter ligation. | The expression of chemokines and their receptors is thought to contribute to leukocyte infiltration and progressive renal fibrosis after unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). We hypothesized that blocking the chemokine receptor CCR1 using the nonpeptide antagonist BX471 could reduce leukocyte infiltration and renal fibr... |
11805132 | Vaginal transmission of cell-associated HIV-1 in the mouse is blocked by a topical, membrane-modifying agent. | Because both HIV-1 virions and HIV-infected cells are present in the semen and cervical mucus of infected individuals, HIV-1 prevention strategies must consider both cell-free and cell-associated virus. Antibodies that target HIV-1 virions have been shown to prevent vaginal transmission of cell-free virus in macaques, ... |
11804489 | Unprecedented chiral molecular recognition in a C3-symmetric environment. | The enantiomeric recognition of alpha-chiral primary ammonium ions has been studied with benzene-based tripodal tris(oxazoline) receptors. Contrary to the literature and our expectation, a good level of chiral discrimination is observed with one of the tripodal receptors, which provides a C3-symmetric chiral environmen... |
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