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16233361 | Fully automated DNA extraction from blood using magnetic particles modified with a hyperbranched polyamidoamine dendrimer. | Bacterial and artificial magnetic particles were modified using a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer and outer shell amines determined. Bacterial magnetic particles were the most consistently modified. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis showed that the artificial magnetic particles were structurally damaged... |
16228578 | Phycobiliproteins and phycobilisomes: the early observations. | The purpose of this minireview is to highlight the early observations that led to the discovery of the physico-chemical properties of the phycobiliproteins, their structure and function, and to their architectural organization in supramolecular complexes, the phycobilisomes. Generally attached on the stromal surface of... |
12447349 | Collagen-binding mode of vWF-A3 domain determined by a transferred cross-saturation experiment. | The nature of the supramolecular complex between fibrillar collagen and collagen-binding proteins (CBPs) has hindered detailed X-ray and NMR analyses of the ligand-recognition mechanism at atomic resolution because of the lack of appropriate approaches for studying large heterogeneous supramolecular complexes. Recently... |
12721518 | Targeting of Synthetic Gene Delivery Systems. | Safe, efficient, and specific delivery of therapeutic genes remains an important bottleneck for the development of gene therapy. Synthetic, nonviral systems have a unique pharmaceutical profile with potential advantages for certain applications. Targeting of the synthetic vector improves the specificity of gene medicin... |
14688414 | Proteomics in Vaccinology and Immunobiology: An Informatics Perspective of the Immunone. | The postgenomic era, as manifest, inter alia, by proteomics, offers unparalleled opportunities for the efficient discovery of safe, efficacious, and novel subunit vaccines targeting a tranche of modern major diseases. A negative corollary of this opportunity is the risk of becoming overwhelmed by this embarrassment of ... |
14688413 | Protein and Chemical Microarrays-Powerful Tools for Proteomics. | In the last few years, protein and chemical microarrays have emerged as two important tools in the field of proteomics. Specific proteins, antibodies, small molecule compounds, peptides, and carbohydrates can now be immobilized on solid surfaces to form high-density microarrays. Depending on their chemical nature, immo... |
15000835 | Water-soluble polycationic dendrimers with a phosphoramidothioate backbone: preliminary studies of cytotoxicity and oligonucleotide/plasmid delivery in human cell culture. | A series of water-soluble polycationic dendrimers with a phosphoramidothioate backbone (P-dendrimers) was studied in human cell culture. Preliminary studies have shown that P-dendrimers of series 1 and 2, possessing N,N-diethyl-ethylenediamine hydrochloride functions at the surface, show rather moderate cytotoxicity to... |
12852804 | [Increasing activity of the intestinal mucosal mast cells in rats with multiple organ failure]. | <h4>Objective</h4>To investigate changes in activities of the intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) in multiple organ failure(MOF).<h4>Methods</h4>MOF model in rat was established by injection of zymosan. The concentrations of histamine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) in plasma and intestine tissue were exami... |
12577207 | [Peripheral nerve conduction studies in patients with multiple organ failure]. | <h4>Introduction</h4>The polyneuropathy of critical diseases that often accompanies multiple organ failure (MOF) is one of the various causes that leads to the death of these patients.<h4>Aims</h4>To evaluate the electrophysiological behaviour of peripheral nerves in patients with MOF. Subjects and methods. A prospecti... |
12459719 | Automated design of specificity in molecular recognition. | Specific protein-protein interactions are crucial in signaling networks and for the assembly of multi-protein complexes, and represent a challenging goal for protein design. Optimizing interaction specificity requires both positive design, the stabilization of a desired interaction, and negative design, the destabiliza... |
12748402 | Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of dextran and dextrin derivatives. | Application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) to the analysis of dextran and dextrin derivatives, specifically glucose saccharides, by time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry has been reported. MALDI-TOF analysis was carried out on alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin, two O-methylated-beta-cyclodex... |
14740008 | The structure and protein binding of amyloid-specific dye reagents. | The self-assembling tendency and protein complexation capability of dyes related to Congo red and also some dyes of different structure were compared to explain the mechanism of Congo red binding and the reason for its specific affinity for beta-structure. Complexation with proteins was measured directly and expressed ... |
12733643 | Karyological and genetic variation in Middle Eastern lacertid lizards, Lacerta laevis and the Lacerta kulzeri complex: a case of chromosomal allopatric speciation. | Karyological (standard and C, Ag-NOR and Alu-I banding methods) and mtDNA analyses (cytochrome b and 12S rRNA) were conducted on specimens from eight allopatric populations of the Lacerta kulzeri complex. Parallel analyses were performed for comparison on Lacerta laevis specimens. Karyological and molecular studies sup... |
12733642 | Spatiotemporal sites of DNA replication in macro- and micronuclei of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum. | Spatiotemporal sites of DNA replication in macro- and micronuclei of the ciliated protozoan Paramecium caudatum were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy following incorporation of the thymidine analogue BrdU and indirect immunofluorescence. In the macronucleus, replication sites were localized to numerous sm... |
12733641 | A probe generated by chromosome microdissection, useful for analyzing Y chromosome evolution in Old World monkeys. | We isolated a DNA probe, designated MMDYZ1, using a chromosome microdissection technique from the Y chromosome of the Rhesus monkey. The probe obtained from eight whole Y chromosomes shows higher specificity for the Y short arm of the Rhesus monkey, which consists totally of constitutive heterochromatin. Two microclone... |
12733640 | RNA interference is required for normal centromere function in fission yeast. | In plants, animals and fungi, active centromeres are associated with arrays of repetitive DNA sequences. The outer repeats at fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) centromeres are heterochromatic and are required for the assembly of an active centromere. Components of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery process t... |
12733639 | Caenorhabditis elegans Ce-rdh-1/rad-51 functions after double-strand break formation of meiotic recombination. | During meiotic prophase 1, homologous recombination is accompanied by dynamic chromosomal changes. The Ce-rdh-1/rad-51 gene is the only bacterial recA-like gene in the nematode C. elegans genome. Upon depletion of Ce-rdh-1/rad-51 using the RNA interference method, abnormal 'kinked' chromosomes can be observed in mature... |
12733638 | B-A interchanges are an unlikely pathway for B chromosome integration into the standard genome. | One of the conceivable evolutionary pathways of a parasitic B chromosome is its integration into the host genome through translocation to an A chromosome. To investigate this possibility, we analyze here the nature, meiotic behavior and genetic effects of a spontaneous interchange between a medium-sized autosome and a ... |
12733637 | Lampbrush chromosomes of the chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.). | The seven macrochromosomes of the chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.) are described in their lampbrush form. The relative lengths of bivalents, the positions and arrangements of chromosomal regions with lateral loops of similar length and appearance, as well as the positions of protein bodies and loops of peculiar morphol... |
12733636 | Chromosome painting in the African four-striped mouse Rhabdomys pumilio: detection of possible murid specific contiguous segment combinations. | Fluorescence in-situ hybridization was used to construct a comparative chromosome map between the laboratory mouse, Mus musculus and the African four-striped mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio. A high degree of homology between the species was detected using both FISH and G-banding. Ten mouse chromosomes (2-4, 7, 14-16, 18, 19 a... |
12731079 | Functionalizing inorganic solids: towards organic-inorganic nanostructured materials for intelligent and bioinspired systems. | The design, preparation, and properties of organic-inorganic hybrid compounds are described and discussed with respect to their potential uses as intelligent and bioinspired materials. Several synthesis strategies based on intercalation in 2D solids, the grafting of organic groups onto silica and silicates, and the sel... |
12722114 | FT-Raman spectroscopy as diagnostic tool of Congo red binding to amyloids. | Chorion is the major component of silkmoth eggshell. More than 95% of its dry mass consists of the A and B families of low molecular weight structural proteins, which have remarkable mechanical and chemical properties protecting the oocyte and developing embryo from environmental hazards. We present data from FT-Raman ... |
14712934 | Computational vaccinology: quantitative approaches. | The immune system is hierarchical and has many levels, exhibiting much emergent behaviour. However, at its heart are molecular recognition events that are indistinguishable from other types of biomacromolecular interaction. These can be addressed well by quantitative experimental and theoretical biophysical techniques,... |
14712865 | Dynamic relocation of telomere complexes in mouse meiotic chromosomes. | Telomeric DNA repeats as well as different specific proteins such as TRF1 and Rap1 associate in functional telomere complexes found at chromosome ends. Using spreading techniques, the presence of TRF1 and Rap1 has been reported at mammalian meiotic telomeres during prophase I. In the present study, we have analysed, by... |
14712864 | DNA replication and transcription in new macronuclei of Paramecium caudatum exconjugants. | We analyzed the onset and location of replicational and transcriptional activity during the first cell cycle in new macronuclei of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum exconjugants. Synchronous exconjugants were pulse labeled with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or 5-bromouridine-5'-triphosphate to visualize replication or transcri... |
14712863 | 'Signalling' between chromosomes in crane-fly spermatocytes studied using ultraviolet microbeam irradiation. | The present article deals with signals from kinetochores in anaphase crane-fly spermatocytes: when a half-bivalent's kinetochore is irradiated with an ultraviolet microbeam during anaphase, all half-bivalents in the cell stop moving to both poles. Movement blockage is temporary, and different half-bivalent pairs resume... |
14712862 | Various organizations of the complex repeats in vole sex chromosome heterochromatin. | Different patterns of the DNA sequences organization were revealed in the vole (Rodentia) sex chromosome heterochromatin using dual-label fluorescence in-situ hybridization on extended DNA fibers with different repetitive DNA sequences as probes. In Microtus rossiaemeridionalis, the basic type represents the homogeneou... |
14712861 | Precise identification of chicken chromosomes in the lampbrush form using chromosome painting probes. | Chromosome painting probes specific for macrochromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and Z were applied to both mitotic and lampbrush chromosomes of the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Five autosomal macrobivalents and sex chromosome Z in the lampbrush phase were identified and their correspondence to the target chromosomes in ... |
14712860 | Characteristics and behaviour of the chromosomes of Leymus mollis and L. racemosus (Triticeae, Poaceae) during mitosis and meiosis. | Leymus mollis and L. racemosus (Triticeae; Poaceae) are important as genetic resources for wheat improvement, as they carry genes for salt tolerance and disease resistance. Even though these species share common Ns and Xm genomes, the genomic relationship between these two species is not yet clearly understood. In this... |
14712859 | Comparative chromosome painting defines the karyotypic relationships among the domestic dog, Chinese raccoon dog and Japanese raccoon dog. | The Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, 2n = 54 + 2-3 B) and Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes p. viverrinus, 2n = 38 + 3-4 B) are two subspecies of the same species. The genome-wide comparative chromosome map between the Japanese raccoon dog and domestic dog (Canis familiaris) has been establis... |
14712858 | Behaviour of ring bivalents in holokinetic systems: alternative sites of spindle attachment in Pachylis argentinus and Nezara viridula (Heteroptera). | Heteropteran chromosomes are holokinetic; during mitosis, sister chromatids segregate parallel to each other but, during meiosis, kinetic activity is restricted to one pair of telomeric regions. This meiotic behaviour has been corroborated for all rod bivalents. For ring bivalents, we have previously proposed that one ... |
12713277 | A mucoadhesive, cyclodextrin-based vaginal cream formulation of itraconazole. | The development of vaginal medications, especially antifungal medications, requires that the drug is solubilized as well as retained at or near the mucosa for sufficient periods of time to ensure adequate bioavailability. Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, which has been used for some time orally and in... |
14708454 | Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of new carotenoid-like compounds by electron paramagnetic resonance. | The antioxidant activity of a novel series of derivatives with a carotenoid-like structure was studied. These derivatives have recently been isolated chemically as a result of studies on the pigments present in a particular species of birds, namely parrots. These novel derivatives, which are also called parrodienes, ha... |
12712497 | Direct comparison of membrane interactions of model peptides composed of only Leu and Lys residues. | We compared the properties of two peptides of identical size and amino acid composition, Ac-(LKKL)(5)-NHEt and Ac-(KL)(10)-NHEt. Both are amphipathic, but only Ac-(LKKL)(5)-NHEt is a potent promoter of negative curvature. CD studies performed in the presence of lipids confirmed that under these conditions Ac-(LKKL)(5)-... |
14692659 | The immunological synapse. | The induction of a proper adaptive immune response is dependent on the correct transfer of information between antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and antigen-specific T cells. Defects in information transfer may result in the development of diseases, e.g. immunodeficiencies and autoimmunity. A distinct 3-dimensional supra... |
12693246 | A guest-induced assembly of a molecular box from methylcobaloxime and 1, 4-phenylenebisboronic acid. | The guest-induced synthesis of a molecular box from methylaquacobaloxime and 1,4-phenylenebisboronic acid, with pyrazine (pz) as guest, is described. The resulting supramolecular species was characterized by X-ray structural analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and low-resolution electrospray ionization (ES) mass spe... |
12693230 | Supramolecular assembly and solution properties of bis(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) coordination complexes of aryl(2-pyridyl)methanones. | A series of mono- and bis(2-pyridyl)-arylmethanone ligands were prepared by utilizing the reaction between either bromobenzonitrile or dicyanobenzene and 2-lithiopyridine in either a 1:1 or a 2:1 mol ratio, respectively. They react with [Ru(bpy)2(EtOH)2][PF6]2 to yield the new complexes [N,O-PhC(O)(2-py)Ru(bpy)2][PF6]2... |
12693209 | Synthesis and characterization of new coordination polymers generated from oxadiazole-containing organic ligands and inorganic silver(I) salts. | The coordination chemistry of the oxadiazole-containing rigid bidentate ligands 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L2) and 2,5-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L3) with inorganic Ag(I) salts has been investigated. Four new coordination polymers were prepared by solution reactions and fully characterized by infrar... |
12693203 | Supramolecular assembly of trimeric gold(I) pyrazolates through aurophilic attractions. | The supramolecular architecture of trinuclear gold(I) pyrazolato aggregates is held together by intermolecular aurophilic attractions, sterically governed by the substituents on the pyrazole rings. A two-dimensional network of [Au(mu-pz)]3 complexes, 1 (pz = pyrazolato anion, C3H3N2-), and a large intricate aggregate o... |
12688575 | Critical care of the obese and bariatric surgical patient. | Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory state that predisposes to atherogenesis, thrombogenesis, and carcinogenesis and may increase susceptibility to infections. Critically ill, obese patients have higher mortality. MOF is the best predictor of ICU mortality for obese patients. Pulmonary hypertension and hig... |
12685332 | [Dissolution of nimodipine in an aqueous solution of hydroxyethyl-beta-cyclodextrin and a review of solubility of nimodipine with cyclodextrins]. | The results of a comprehensive study of the dissolution of the calcium antagonist nimodipine in aqueous solutions of nine cyclodextrins are reported. The used cyclodextrins were native beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), its derivatives hydroxyethyl-beta-CD (HE-beta-CD), three hydroxypropyl-beta-CD (HP-beta-CD) with various d... |
12685044 | Glycinebetaine protects the D1/D2/Cytb559 complex of photosystem II against photo-induced and heat-induced inactivation. | The presence of 1.0 mol/L glycinebetaine during isolation of D1/D2/Cytb559 reaction centre (RC) complexes from photosystem II (PSII) membrane fragments preserved the photochemical activity, monitored as the light-induced reduction of pheophytin and electron transport from diphenylcarbazide to 2.6-dichlorophenol-indophe... |
12685042 | Involvement of thylakoid membranes in supramolecular organisation of Calvin cycle enzymes in Anacystis nidulans. | The cells of unicellular photosynthetic cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans were permeated with lysozyme, toluene, toluene-triton, toluene-triton-lysozyme. Transmission electron microscopy of semi-thin sections (500 nm) using TEM at 160 kV showed that cells permeated with only lysozyme or toluene showed the typical conce... |
12685902 | Raman scattering study of water clusters around polyrotaxane and pseudopolyrotaxane supramolecular assemblies. | We have measured Raman spectra of collective O-H stretching vibration of water clusters in polyrotaxane and pseudopolyrotaxane aqueous solutions and the aqueous solutions of their constituent molecules. The intensities of the collective bands of water clusters in the polyrotaxane and pseudopolyrotaxane solutions were a... |
12685901 | Syntheses of steroid-based molecularly imprinted polymers and their molecular recognition study with spectrometric detection. | Recognition of five steroid compounds, beta-estradiol, ethynylestradiol, estradiolbenzoate, testosterone and methyltestosterone were studied using a synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). When beta-estradiol was used as the template molecule, the polymer was synthesized with methacrylic acid (MAA) as the func... |
14680929 | Image analysis of tendon helical superstructure using interference and polarized light microscopy. | Wave-like structures (WLS also known as crimp) have generally been reported to be planar structures. However, there is evidence that a helical superstructure, rather than a planar one, should be considered. Conditions dictated by supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition and self-assembly favor the idea of a heli... |
14679695 | [Guidelines for severe multiple and multiorgan traumatic injuries]. | Traumatic injuries have been described as the largest epidemic of the 20th century. In view of the number of victims and the associated costs, they have been also called the most severe and longest war of the contemporary world. According to Lipiński, every year every tenth Pole is involved in an accident and every one... |
12680191 | Alkylphospholipids reversibly open epithelial tight junctions. | Alkylphospholipids, such as the antitumor ether lipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine, modulate cancer cell invasion through changes in the adherens junction E-cadherin complex, a major organizer of epithelia. We wanted to know whether alkylphospholipids would also change tight junctions, molecular com... |
12678867 | Interactions of VIP, secretin and PACAP(1-38) with phospholipids: a biological paradox revisited. | Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide(1-38)(PACAP(1-38)) are widely distributed amphipathic mammalian neuropeptides that exert diverse biological effects in target tissues located distant from their site of release. However, the half-life of exogenously-adminis... |
12675309 | A software tool to straighten curved chromosome images. | A software tool for straightening curved chromosomes has been developed and integrated into the freely available image analysis application Image SXM (available via the Internet at http://reg.ssci.liv.ac.uk). This new tool straightens curvilinear objects in one simple step after minimal input from the user. The ends of... |
12675308 | HP1beta and HP1gamma, but not HP1alpha, decorate the entire XY body during human male meiosis. | During meiosis in male mammals, the X and Y chromosomes become heterochromatic and transcriptionally silent, and form the XY body. Although the HP1 proteins are known to be involved in the packaging of chromosomal DNA into repressive heterochromatin domains, their involvement in facultative heterochromatinization has n... |
12675307 | Analysis by atomic force microscopy of morphological changes in barley chromosomes during FISH treatment. | We employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine structural changes in barley chromosomes during the four steps of standard FISH processes. Rehydration and dehydration with alcohol accompanying RNase treatment increased chromosome arm width and decreased chromosome height about 50%. Subsequent heat denaturation red... |
12675306 | Identification of chromosome rearrangements between the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) and the Indian spiny mouse (Mus platythrix) by comparative FISH analysis. | Comparative chromosome painting was applied to the Indian spiny mouse (Mus platythrix) with mouse (M. musculus) chromosome-specific probes for understanding the process of chromosome rearrangements between the two species. The chromosome locations of the 5S and 18S-28S ribosomal RNA genes and the order of the 119 and T... |
12675305 | Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of the MBSAT1 satellite DNA in holokinetic chromosomes of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera). | Digestion of Mamestra brassicae DNA with DraI produced a prominent fragment of approximately 200 bp and a ladder of electrophoretic bands with molecular weights which are a multiple of 200 bp. Southern blotting revealed that this ladder is composed of DNA fragments that are multimers of the 200-bp DraI band suggesting ... |
12675304 | Genetic mechanism and property of a whole-arm translocation (WAT) between chromosomes 8 and 9 of agile gibbons (Hylobates agilis). | C-banding analysis with 47 gibbons of the subgenus Hylobates (Hylobates) (44-chromosome gibbons) uncovered that the gibbons had a characteristic complicated C-banding pattern. The C-band pattern also revealed that a whole-arm translocation (WAT) between chromosomes 8 and 9 existed only in the species H. agilis (agile g... |
12675303 | The giant B chromosome of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a retrotransposon-derived repetitive DNA sequence. | The cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus possesses one of the largest supernumerary chromosomes in all vertebrates. In the present study, amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses (AFLP) and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) were performed in order to characterize these extraordinary chromosomes in detail. Seq... |
12675302 | Divergence of satellite DNA and interspersion of dispersed repeats in the genome of the wild beet Beta procumbens. | Several repetitive sequences of the genome of Beta procumbens Chr. Sm., a wild beet species of the section Procumbentes of the genus Beta have been isolated. According to their genomic organization, the repeats were assigned to satellite DNA and families of dispersed DNA sequences. The tandem repeats are 229-246 bp lon... |
14661878 | Penicillin V-conjugated PEG-PAMAM star polymers. | Starburst PAMAM dendrimers are potential carriers for drug delivery due to their unique structure. Drug-delivery scaffolds were designed and built up based on the polyethylene glycolpolyamidoamine (PEG-PAMAM) star polymer. Penicillin V was used as a model carboxylic group containing drug to conjugate with full- and hal... |
12656650 | Peginterferon-alpha-2a (40kD) plus ribavirin: a review of its use in the management of chronic hepatitis C. | Pegylation of interferon-alpha-2a is associated with improved sustained virological response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Subsequently, combination therapy with peginterferon-alpha-2a (40kD) [Pegasys] and ribavirin (Copegus trade mark, Rebetol) was investigated to establish if the efficacy of peginterfer... |
14646440 | Volume of nerve fibers in the stress-induced bladder of adult rats following capsaicin treatment. | <h4>Introduction</h4>We have investigated the volume of nerve fibers in the rat urinary bladder following systematic exposure to cold-restraint stress and capsaicin treatment.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Adult Wistar albino rats were either exposed to cold-restraint stress (vehicle group) or treated with capsaicin bef... |
12652583 | A family of single-isomer, sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin chiral resolving agents for capillary electrophoresis: octa(6-O-sulfo)-gamma-cyclodextrin. | The second member of the single-isomer, sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin family, the sodium salt of octa(6-O-sulfo)-gamma-cyclodextrin (OS) has been synthesized, characterized and used to separate the enantiomers of nonelectrolyte, acidic, basic, and ampholytic analytes by capillary electrophoresis in acidic aqueous backgro... |
12642970 | Electronic-topological study of the structure-activity relationships in a series of steroids with mineralocorticoid binding affinity. | Conformational analysis and quantum chemical calculations were carried out using molecular mechanics (MMP2) and semi-empirical quantum chemistry (CNDO/2) methods for 51 steroid homologues belonging to a series of 17-spirolactones. Matrices called Electronic-Topological Matrices of Conjunction (ETMCs) were formed using ... |
12625050 | [Effect of the structure of alcohols on their binding by thermotropic gels of corn starch]. | Binding of alcohols by thermotropic gels of normal corn starch was studied using the method of capillary gas-liquid chromatography. The amount of the gel-bound substances depended linearly on their concentrations in the original gel. Binding of n-alcanols increased with the length of the alkyl chain, exhibiting a linea... |
12622250 | Effects of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on the chemical stability of a naphthoquinone in aqueous solutions. | 2-Hydroxy-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-imine (1), an antibacterial agent, was shown to form inclusion complexes with HP-beta-CD in aqueous solution. In the present work the kinetics of 1 degradation in aqueous buffer solution was investigated as a function of pH (2.34-3.95), HP-beta-CD concentrati... |
12621622 | Post-column infusion study of the 'dosing vehicle effect' in the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analysis of discovery pharmacokinetic samples. | It has become increasingly popular in drug development to conduct discovery pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in order to evaluate important PK parameters of new chemical entities (NCEs) early in the discovery process. In these studies, dosing vehicles are typically employed in high concentrations to dissolve the test compo... |
14621977 | Effect of hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin complexation on aqueous solubility, stability, and corneal permeation of acyl ester prodrugs of ganciclovir. | The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) on aqueous solubility, stability, and in vitro corneal permeation of acyl ester prodrugs of ganciclovir (GCV). Aqueous solubility and stability of acyl ester prodrugs of Ganciclovir (GCV) were evaluated in pH 7.4 isoton... |
14621964 | Preparation and characterization of novel coenzyme Q10 nanoparticles engineered from microemulsion precursors. | The purpose of these studies was to prepare and characterize nanoparticles into which Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) had been incorporated (CoQ10-NPs) using a simple and potentially scalable method. CoQ10-NPs were prepared by cooling warm microemulsion precursors composed of emulsifying wax, CoQ10, Brij 78, and/or Tween 20. The ... |
14621958 | Quantitation of motexafin lutetium in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. | Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) methods were developed and validated for the evaluation of motexafin lutetium (MLu, lutetium texaphyrin, PCI-0123) pharmacokinetics in human plasma. The LC-MS/MS method was specific for MLu, w... |
12614084 | Preparation and characterization of the inclusion complex of furosemide with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | A highly hydrophobic drug, furosemide, was treated with 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-Cyclodextrin in an attempt to produce modified compounds with increased water solubility. Following a freeze-drying process, the interactions of furosemide and cyclodextrin led to the formation of an inclusion complex, whose dissolution rate i... |
14614741 | New homogeneous HDL-cholesterol assay without the influence of high TG sample using the selective detergent to lipoproteins. | Homogeneous HDL-cholesterol assays have been developed and used widely in routine analysis, but they have been reported to give inaccurate results in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Recently, a new assay based on a new principle without the influence of triglycerides has also been developed and commercialized. We e... |
12613660 | Circular proteoglycans from sponges: first members of the spongican family. | Species-specific cell adhesion in marine sponges is mediated by a new family of modular proteoglycans whose general supramolecular structure resembles that of hyalectans. However, neither their protein nor their glycan moieties have significant sequence homology to other proteoglycans, despite having protein subunits e... |
12613656 | Colloidal drug carriers: achievements and perspectives. | Colloidal drug carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles are able to modify the distribution of an associated substance. They can therefore be used to improve the therapeutic index of drugs by increasing their efficacy and/or reducing their toxicity. If these delivery systems are carefully designed with respect to t... |
12611015 | Chiral information transfer by solid-solid interaction: application for absolute configuration assignment. | Host-guest complexes of calix[4]resorcarene with chiral molecules were efficiently formed by solid-solid grinding and exhibited CD Cotton effects reflecting the absolute configuration of the guest. |
12610982 | Water-soluble stilbene dendrimers. | The third generation of novel photo-responsive water-soluble stilbene dendrimer (trans- and cis-G3 WSD) undergoes unusual one-way trans-to-cis isomerization to give 100% of cis isomer at the photostationary state on UV irradiation in water. |
12610968 | Chirality of photopolymerized organized supramolecular polydiacetylene films. | Photopolymerized organized molecular films of polydiacetylene showed chirality although the monomeric amphiphilic diacetylene was achiral. |
12610966 | 1,4-dibutoxy-2,3-di(4-pyridyl)-8,11,15,18,22,25-hexakis(hexyl)- phthalocyaninato zinc, a self-assembled coordination polymer in the solid state. | The title compound forms intermolecular zinc-nitrogen coordinated species in solution and self-assembles to form a coordination polymer in the solid state, the X-ray structure for which shows that the unit cell contains eight macrocycle units in two chains comprising both enantiomeric forms as ABBA/BAAB sequences. |
12610960 | Meso-tetrakis[o-(N-methyl)pyridinium]porphyrin ensembles with axially coordinated cyclodextrin-penetrating phenethylimidazole: reversible dioxygen-binding in aqueous DMF solution. | alpha-Cyclodextrin (alpha CD)-penetrating 2-methyl-1-phenethylimidazole coordinates to the zinc(II) and iron(II) complexes of meso-tetrakis[o-(N-methyl)pyridinium] porphyrinate, giving non-covalently linked alpha CD-porphyrin ensembles; the iron(II) complex can reversibly bind and release dioxygen in aqueous DMF soluti... |
12610954 | Dendrimers as scaffolds for the synthesis of spherical porphyrin arrays. | This communication describes a self assembled porphyrin sphere. The globular macromolecular assembly contains 12 terminal porphyrins and has a molecular mass in excess of 15,000 g mol-1. |
12610943 | Quadruple hydrogen bonded systems. | In this feature article, the development of linear quadruple hydrogen bonded systems is discussed, emphasizing applications in supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly. |
12608545 | Direct formation of nanospheres from amphiphilic beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a highly loaded nanoparticulate system based on amphiphilic beta-cyclodextrins (CDs) to facilitate the parenteral administration of poorly soluble antifungal model drugs bifonazole and clotrimazole.<h4>Methods</h4>Inclusion complexes were characterize... |
12608539 | Structural studies of EDTA-induced fibrillation of salmon calcitonin. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The purpose of this work was to determine the structure of an insoluble precipitate formed when mixing approximately equimolar amounts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salmon calcitonin (sCT).<h4>Methods</h4>The interaction between EDTA and sCT was examined by measuring solution turbidity ... |
12607735 | Determination of hydroxyurea in capsules and biological fluids by ion-selective potentiometry and fluorimetry. | Two hydroxyurea selective electrodes were investigated with beta-cyclodextrin used as ionophore and either tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate (electrode 1), or tetrakis [3,4-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] borate (electrode 2), as a fixed anionic site in a polymeric matrix of carboxylated polyvinyl chloride. Linear respons... |
14608625 | Structural identification of new glycolipids based on cyclodextrin using high-resolution positive and negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | In the continuing challenge to increase the performance of cyclodextrins (CDs) for various applications, new phospholipidyl-cyclodextrin derivatives showing improved self-organization properties in water have been synthesized, as new carriers for drug vectorization, starting from natural beta-cyclodextrin. Due to the i... |
12602498 | Examination of 19F-NMR as a tool for investigation of drug-cyclodextrin complexes. | Fluorine nuclear magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) was used to measure complexation of three fluorine-containing drugs--dexamthasone, fluoxetine hydrochloride, and diflunisal sodium--with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD). Poor aqueous solubility inhibited investigation of dexamethasone complexes wit... |
14606633 | Comparison of spontaneous background genomic aberration frequencies among cattle, pig and humans using dual-colored FISH. | Spontaneous frequencies of stable chromosomal aberrations in farm animals have not been established yet. The aim of this study was to determine the spontaneous background frequencies of structural chromosomal aberrations in cattle and pig, and to compare them with the established findings in humans. Analysis was carrie... |
14606632 | Chromosomal localization of six repeated DNA sequences among species of Microtus (Rodentia). | C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) document the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and six highly repeated DNA families (MSAT2570, MSAT21, MSAT160, MS2, MS4 and STR47) in the chromosomes of nine species of Microtus (M. chrotorrhinus, M. rossiaemeridionalis, M. arvalis, M. ilaeus, M. trans... |
14606631 | Evolution of ribosomal DNA unit on the X chromosome independent of autosomal units in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. | In the haploid dioecious liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, the X chromosome, but not the Y, carries a cluster of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNAs). Here we show that sequences of 5S, 17S, 5.8S and 26S rDNAs are highly conserved (>99% identity) between the X chromosomal and autosomal rDNA repeat units, but the intergenic spac... |
14606630 | Telomeric and interstitial telomeric sequences in holokinetic chromosomes of Lepidoptera: telomeric DNA mediates association between postpachytene bivalents in achiasmatic meiosis of females. | Telomeres, besides their main role in the protection and maintenance of chromosome ends, have several other vital functions in the cell cycle. We studied their role in the achiasmatic meiosis of female Lepidoptera, insects with holokinetic chromosomes. By fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with the insect telome... |
14606629 | Whole-comparative genomic hybridization (W-CGH): 1. The quick overview of repetitive DNA sequences on a genome. | We present a technique (W-CGH) based on Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), but using whole DNA probes, which permits the identification of chromosomal polymorphisms related to highly repetitive DNA sequences that exist between the two genomes compared. The procedure employs two differently colored whole DNA probe... |
14606628 | Molecular cytogenetic detection of paternal chromosome fragments in allogynogenetic gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch. | In gynogenesis, sperm from related species activates egg and embryonic development, but normally does not contribute genetically to the offspring. In gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch, however, gynogenetic offspring often show some phenotypes apparently derived from the heterologous sperm donor. This paternal... |
14606627 | Identification by R-banding and FISH of chromosome arms involved in Robertsonian translocations in several deer species. | We constructed and analyzed the RBG-banded karyotype of five deer species: Chital (Axis axis), White-lipped deer (Cervus albirostris), Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa), Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) and Eld's deer (Cervus eldi siamensis). Among these five species, only Eld's deer had been previously karyotyped using... |
14606626 | Complex satellite DNA reshuffling in the polymorphic t(1;29) Robertsonian translocation and evolutionarily derived chromosomes in cattle. | We have analysed and mapped physically the satellite I, III (subunits pvu and sau) and IV DNA sequences in cattle using in-situ hybridization. Four breeds were analysed including individuals with a chromosome number of 2n = 60 and individuals with the widespread t(1;29) in the homozygous (2n = 58) and heterozygous stat... |
12598045 | Ceramide modulates the lipid membrane organization at molecular and supramolecular levels. | The role of lipids in membranes has changed rapidly from static to dynamic and emphasized their involvement in information transduction, linking temporal and topological structuring through compositionally driven effects. Ceramide has been described as an important modulator of different membrane functions. In mixtures... |
12597593 | Stereodifferentiation of chiral compounds using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with capillary gas chromatography. | A method is described for the enantiomeric quantitation of some chiral compounds via online coupling of reversed-phase liquid chromatography-gas chromatography. The evaluation of some variables affecting the experimentation (i.e., the packing material used in the interface, volume of the transferred fraction, desorptio... |
12594931 | Type I photosynthetic reaction centres: structure and function. | We review recent advances in the study of the photosystem I reaction centre, following the determination of a spectacular 2.5 A resolution crystal structure for this complex of Synechococcus elongatus. Photosystem I is proving different to type II reaction centres in structure and organization, and the mechanism of tra... |
12594919 | Eukaryotic genome evolution: rearrangement and coevolution of compartmentalized genetic information. | The plant cell operates with an integrated, compartmentalized genome consisting of nucleus/cytosol, plastids and mitochondria that, in its entirety, is regulated in time, quantitatively, in multicellular organisms and also in space. This genome, as do genomes of eukaryotes in general, originated in endosymbiotic events... |
12595912 | The pharmacology of CP-154,526, a non-peptide antagonist of the CRH1 receptor: a review. | Since CRH has been shown to mediate stress-induced physiological and behavioral changes, it has been hypothesized that CRH receptor antagonists may have therapeutic potential in disorders that involve excessive CRH activity. CP-154,526 and its close analog antalarmin are potent, brain-penetrable, selective nonpeptide C... |
15296138 | Use of biolog methodology for optimizing the degradation of hydrocarbons by bacterial consortia. | Biolog methodology was used for the preliminary screening of different cultural conditions in order to detect the best combination/s of factors influencing the metabolic performance of bacterial consortia active in the degradation of hydrocarbons. Two microbial consortia were tested for their activity on 2 hydrocarbons... |
12593968 | Affinity of Helicobacter pylori to cholesterol and other steroids. | Helicobacter pylori has a particular affinity to cholesterol. It is not known, however, whether other steroidal substances are bound as well. In order to characterize the specificity and nature of the H. pylori-steroid interaction, the affinity of H. pylori to cholesterol and several steroidal hormones was investigated... |
12593602 | Molecular interaction of Porphyromonas gingivalis with host cells: implication for the microbial pathogenesis of periodontal disease. | Porphyromonas gingivalis is a predominant periodontal pathogen, which expresses a number of potential virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Among them, fimbriae are a critical factor to mediate the bacterial interaction with host tissues, which promotes the bacterial adhesion to and invasion ... |
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