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15466619 | Imaging the single cell dynamics of CD4+ T cell activation by dendritic cells in lymph nodes. | The adaptive immune response is initiated in secondary lymphoid organs by contact between antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. However, there is scant information regarding the single cell dynamics of this process in vivo. Using two-photon microscopy, we imaged the real-time behavior... |
15457530 | Spatial and temporal sequence of events in cell adhesion: from molecular recognition to focal adhesion assembly. | A new concept that attributes a pivotal role to the pericellular coat in the regulation of the early stages of cell adhesion is presented. Quick, adaptable, and transient adhesion through multiple cooperative weak interactions provides the cell with an additional level of modulation in the decision-making process that ... |
15467187 | Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ketoprofen beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes in animals. | Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) orally effective in treating fever, pain, and inflammation but gastrointestinal side effects were observed. Preparation of ketoprofen beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes was to increase the solubility and reduce the irritation. The complexes were prepared an... |
15466542 | Enzymatic analysis of an amylolytic enzyme from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus reveals its novel catalytic properties as both an alpha-amylase and a cyclodextrin-hydrolyzing enzyme. | Genomic analysis of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus revealed the presence of an open reading frame (ORF PF1939) similar to the enzymes in glycoside hydrolase family 13. This amylolytic enzyme, designated PFTA (Pyrococcus furiosus thermostable amylase), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Th... |
15461536 | Incorporation and manipulation of coronene in an organic template structure. | A two-dimensional molecular template structure of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid, TMA) was formed on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface (HOPG) by self-assembly at the liquid-solid interface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigations show high-resolution images of the porous structure ... |
15461528 | Self-assembly of water-soluble dendrimers into thermoreversible hydrogels and macroscopic fibers. | Hydrogels and macroscopic fibers are formed through the salt-induced self-assembly of water-soluble polycationic phosphorus dendrimers. Interestingly, the hydrogels are thermoreversible and the sol-gel transition temperature can be easily tuned in a wide range of temperatures (approximately 2-80 degrees C). The effects... |
15461524 | Interactions of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with the surfactants SDS, DTAB, and C12EO6: an equilibrium and structural study using a SDS selective electrode, isothermal titration calorimetry, and small angle neutron scattering. | Interactions in aqueous solutions of different generations of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers containing amine, hydroxyl, or delta-glucolactone functional groups at the periphery with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated. We used a SDS-specific electrode (EMF) for SDS monomer concen... |
15461517 | Aminoglycoside antibiotics aggregate to form starch-like fibers on negatively charged surfaces and on phage lambda-DNA. | The water-soluble (> 200 mg/mL) antibiotics tobramycin, kanamycin, and neomycin spontaneously produce rigid fibers on negatively charged surfaces (mica, graphite, DNA). Atomic force microscopy showed single strands of tobramycin on mica at pH 7 with a length of several hundred nanometers and a diameter of 0.5 nm and do... |
15461515 | Interaction of primary amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides with phospholipid-supported monolayers. | The mesoscopic organization adopted by two primary amphipathic peptides, P(beta) and P(alpha), in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films made of either the pure peptide or peptide-phospholipid mixtures was examined by atomic force microscopy. P(beta), a potent cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), and P(alpha) mainly differ by their c... |
15461496 | Formation of a supramolecular gel between alpha-cyclodextrin and free and adsorbed PEO on the surface of colloidal silica: effect of temperature, solvent, and particle size. | Aqueous solutions of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) complex spontaneously with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), forming a supramolecular structure known as pseudopolyrotaxane. We have studied the formation of the complex obtained from the threading of alpha-CD onto PEO, both free in solution and adsorbed on colloidal silica.... |
15461489 | Changing surface hydro- and oleophobicity with resorcinarene multilayers-a simple water/oil proofing process. | Resorcinarenes (resorcinol-aldehyde tetramers) of appropriate structures have been shown to change the hydro- and oleophilicities of a variety of surfaces. The phenomenon results from attachment of the rim of the bowl-like molecules to hydrophilic surfaces. Hydrophobic (alkyl) and oleophobic (perfluoro alkyl) "legs" at... |
15461485 | Interfacial micellar structures from novel amphiphilic star polymers. | An amphiphilic heteroarm star polymer containing 12 alternating hydrophobic/hydrophilic arms of polystyrene (PS) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) connected to a well-defined rigid aromatic core was studied at the air-water and the air-solid interfaces. At the air-water interface, the molecules spontaneously form pancakelik... |
15461484 | Two-phase channel structures based on alpha-cyclodextrin-polyethylene glycol inclusion complexes. | Wide-angle X-ray scattering observations of alpha-cyclodextrin (CD)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) inclusion complexes (ICs) have shown for the first time that two crystalline columnar modifications (forms I and II) are produced in the process of their formation. This was made possible by precise azimuthal X-ray diffracti... |
15458454 | Initial clinical results of the bioartificial kidney containing human cells in ICU patients with acute renal failure. | <h4>Background</h4>Acute renal failure (ARF) in intensive care unit patients continues to have mortality rates exceeding 70%, despite hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The delivery of cellular metabolic function to CRRT may provide more complete renal replacement therapy, thereby changing the... |
15456893 | Mutational analysis of the N-terminal DNA-binding domain of sleeping beauty transposase: critical residues for DNA binding and hyperactivity in mammalian cells. | The N-terminal domain of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase mediates transposon DNA binding, subunit multimerization, and nuclear translocation in vertebrate cells. For this report, we studied the relative contributions of 95 different residues within this multifunctional domain by large-scale mutational analysis. We... |
15389483 | Effects of cyclodextrins, humic substances, and rhamnolipids on the washing of a historically contaminated soil and on the aerobic bioremediation of the resulting effluents. | Nontoxic and biodegradable pollutant-mobilizing agents, instead of chemical surfactants, were tested in the washing of an actual-site chloroaromatic-contaminated soil. A soil historically contaminated by chlorinated anilines and benzenes, thiophenes and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was subjected to washing ... |
15457131 | Cytotoxic effect of different camptothecin formulations on human colon carcinoma in vitro. | Two innovative 20-S-camptothecin (CPT) formulations, previously found suitable to achieve therapeutically relevant CPT concentrations, were assessed for their in vitro cytotoxic potential as compared to an aqueous CPT solution, using the MTT assay. The formulations, cationic CPT-containing liposomes (CPT-Lip), hydroxyp... |
15456279 | General strategy for biosensor design and construction employing multifunctional surface-tethered components. | Biosensors function by reversibly linking bioreceptor-target analyte binding with closely integrated signal generation and can either continuously monitor analyte concentrations or be returned to baseline readout values by removal of analyte. We present an approach for producing fully reversible, reagentless, self-asse... |
15454759 | Cochlear implantation in adults with prelingual deafness. Part II. Underlying constraints that affect audiological outcomes. | <h4>Objectives/hypothesis</h4>To discuss the underlying physiological and anatomical constraints on audiological performance of late-implanted prelingually deafened adult cochlear implant patients.<h4>Study design</h4>Retrospective review.<h4>Methods</h4>Published literature on the topic of auditory pathway responses t... |
15454304 | The effect of PAMAM dendrimer generation size and surface functional group on the aqueous solubility of nifedipine. | The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low generation (G0-G3) ethylenediamine (EDA) core poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers on the aqueous solubility of nifedipine. The aqueous solubility of nifedipine was measured in the presence of dendrimers at 30 degrees C in Tris buffers at pH 4, 7, and 10 using t... |
15454297 | Effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin-complexation and pH on solubility of camptothecin. | The influence of both pH and complexation by hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) on the overall solubility of camptothecin (CPT) was studied, with particular focus on the equilibrium between its lactone- and carboxylate-form. Phase solubility studies at therapeutically relevant pH values (pH 5.5-7.0) and physi... |
15372695 | Theory and experiment in concert: templated synthesis of amide rotaxanes, catenanes, and knots. | The synthesis of amide rotaxanes, amide catenanes, and trefoil amide knots is based on template effects mediated by hydrogen bonds. While a large body of experimental data is available, in-depth theoretical studies of these template syntheses are virtually unavailable, although they would provide a more profound insigh... |
15372691 | Chiral amplification in macromolecular helicity assisted by noncovalent interaction with achiral amines and memory of the helical chirality. | Poly[(4-carboxyphenyl)acetylene] (poly-1) exhibits an intense induced circular dichroism (ICD) in the UV-visible region upon complexation with excess (R)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine ((R)-2), owing to the formation of a predominantly single-handed helical conformation of the polymer backbone. In the presence of a small amo... |
15454475 | Force generation by cytoskeletal filament end-tracking proteins. | Force generation in several types of cell motility is driven by rapidly elongating cytoskeletal filaments that are persistently tethered at their polymerizing ends to propelled objects. These properties are not easily explained by force-generation models that require free (i.e., untethered) filament ends to fluctuate a... |
15454470 | Polarized fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy. | Current methods for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy of living cells involve taking a series of images with alternating excitation colors in separate camera exposures. Here we present a new FRET method based on polarization that requires only one camera exposure and thereby offers the possibilit... |
15454465 | Birth and growth kinetics of brome mosaic virus microcrystals. | The early steps of crystal nucleation and growth in Brome Mosaïc virus and polyethylene glycol mixtures were analyzed using time-resolved x-ray scattering (at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France). The system was chosen as a crystallization model since the phase diagram of the macromolecule/pol... |
15454464 | A bending mode analysis for growing microtubules: evidence for a velocity-dependent rigidity. | Microtubules are dynamic protein polymers that continuously switch between elongation and rapid shrinkage. They have an exceptional bending stiffness that contributes significantly to the mechanical properties of eukaryotic cells. Measurements of the persistence length of microtubules have been published since 10 years... |
15454463 | Atomic model of the Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome developed in silico. | The ribosome is a large molecular complex that consists of at least three ribonucleic acid molecules and a large number of proteins. It translates genetic information from messenger ribonucleic acid and makes protein accordingly. To better understand ribosomal function and provide information for designing biochemical ... |
15454462 | LexA-DNA bond strength by single molecule force spectroscopy. | The SOS system of Escherichia coli is coordinated by two proteins: LexA, a repressor protein of several unlinked genes, and the coprotease RecA. As known to date LexA controls 31 genes with slightly different DNA binding motifs allowing for a variable degree of repression from one gene to the other. Besides the SOS sys... |
15454458 | Correct diffusion coefficients of proteins in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Application to tubulin oligomers induced by Mg2+ and Paclitaxel. | In view of recent warnings for artifacts in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, the diffusion coefficient of a series of labeled proteins in a wide range of molecular mass (43-670 kD) was determined and shown to be correct with respect to published values and the theory. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was the... |
15454456 | Crystallization mechanisms of hemoglobin C in the R state. | Crystallization of the mutated hemoglobin, HbC, which occurs inside red blood cells of patients expressing betaC-globin and exhibiting the homozygous CC and the heterozygous SC (in which two mutant beta-globins, S and C, are expressed) diseases, is a convenient model for processes underlying numerous condensation disea... |
15454454 | Single-molecule spectroscopy selectively probes donor and acceptor chromophores in the phycobiliprotein allophycocyanin. | We report on single-molecule fluorescence measurements performed on the phycobiliprotein allophycocyanin (APC). Our data support the presence of a unidirectional Förster-type energy transfer process involving spectrally different chromophores, alpha84 (donor) and beta84 (acceptor), as well as of energy hopping amongst ... |
15454431 | Ion permeation through the alpha-hemolysin channel: theoretical studies based on Brownian dynamics and Poisson-Nernst-Plank electrodiffusion theory. | Identification of the molecular interaction governing ion conduction through biological pores is one of the most important goals of modern electrophysiology. Grand canonical Monte Carlo Brownian dynamics (GCMC/BD) and three-dimensional Poisson-Nernst-Plank (3d-PNP) electrodiffusion algorithms offer powerful and general... |
15454421 | Downhill kinetics of biomolecular interface binding: globally connected scenario. | We study the kinetics of the biomolecular binding process at the interface using energy landscape theory. The global kinetic connectivity case is considered for a downhill funneled energy landscape. By solving the kinetic master equation, the kinetic time for binding is obtained and shown to have a U-shape curve-depend... |
15450744 | Hydrophobic peptide tags as tools in bioseparation. | Hydrophobic interactions are highly selective, and differences in surface hydrophobicities between proteins can be used as an efficient handle to facilitate protein isolation. Aromatic amino acid residues are of particular importance for molecular recognition because they have a key role in several biological functions... |
15451602 | Enhanced transfection efficiency of PAMAM dendrimer by surface modification with L-arginine. | We designed a novel type of arginine-rich dendrimer, with a structure based on the well-defined dendrimer, polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM). Further characterization was performed to prove that the polymer is a potent nonviral gene delivery carrier. The primary amines located on the surface of PAMAM were conjugated wit... |
15451597 | Cyclodextrin enhanced transdermal delivery of piroxicam and carboxyfluorescein by electroporation. | The transdermal transport of cyclodextrins (CD) across porcine epidermis by electroporation was studied. Electroporation increased the permeation of beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) and hydroxy propyl beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) by several orders of magnitude, relative to passive transport. The presence of BCD and HPCD enhanced th... |
15450469 | Sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly(amidoamine) interactions studied by AFM imaging, conductivity, and Krafft temperature measurements. | The conductivity, kappa, and Krafft temperature, TK, of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) of 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 generations (G) have been determined at different surfactant as well as PAMAM concentrations. The critical micelle concentration of SDS increases with the increase in the am... |
15451004 | Preparation of budesonide- and indomethacin-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) complexes using a single-step, organic-solvent-free supercritical fluid process. | The purpose of this study was to determine whether budesonide- and indomethacin-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) complexes could be formed using a supercritical fluid (SCF) process. The process involved the exposure of drug-HPBCD mixtures to supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2). The ability of the SCF process t... |
15451000 | Evolution of the interaction of a new chemical entity, eflucimibe, with gamma-cyclodextrin during kneading process. | The aim of this study was to enhance the low solubility of eflucimibe, a new chemical entity which can be used as medicine to treat dyslipidemiae, by complexation with gamma-cyclodextrin. The complex was prepared using kneading method. The interaction evolution was studied during process by comparison of the semi-solid... |
15450248 | Constitutive and inducible expression and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was originally discovered as vascular permeability factor, is critical to human cancer angiogenesis through its potent functions as a stimulator of endothelial cell survival, mitogenesis, migration, differentiation and self-assembly, as well as vascular permeability, imm... |
15450499 | Molecular beacons. | This opinion covers the field of molecular beacons (MBs), in which nucleic acids are molecularly engineered to have unique functions for the investigation of biomolecules. Molecular beacons have been used in a variety of formats, and this review discusses four: first, in vitro RNA and DNA monitoring; second, biosensors... |
15386520 | Study on the bioavailability of nateglinide-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complex capsule in rabbits by liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry. | To evaluate the bioavailability of nateglinide-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) complex, a rapid and specific liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated to determine nateglinide in rabbit serum. The analyte was extracted from serum samples by liquid-liquid extraction, sepa... |
15386516 | Comparative study on the inclusion behaviour of cyclodextrin derivatives with venoruton and rutin by thin layer chromatography. | The interaction of rutin and venoruton (troxerutin), with alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin (CD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (M-beta-CD) was investigated by reversed-phase thin layer chromatography on polyamide plates. A mobile phase consisted of NH(4)OH; NH(4)Cl buffer... |
15446893 | Insertion of iodine in a functionalized inorganic layered solid. | The galleries of a Mg-Al layered double hydroxide have been functionalized by intercalation of (carboxymethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin cavities. The functionalized inorganic solid can adsorb iodine molecules from vapor as well as nonaqueous and aqueous solutions. The adsorbed iodine complexes with the grafted cyclodextrin ca... |
15446883 | Bilayers, corrugated bilayers, and coordination polymers of p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene. | Exploration into the host-guest supramolecular chemistry of p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene with pyridine N-oxide and 4,4'-dipyridine N,N'-dioxide has resulted in the characterization of three new structural motifs with the calixarene in the "up-down" double partial cone conformation. Two are hydrogen-bonded network structure... |
15446871 | Zn(II) coordination to polyamine macrocycles containing dipyridine units. New insights into the activity of dinuclear Zn(II) complexes in phosphate ester hydrolysis. | Zn(II) binding by the dipyridine-containing macrocycles L1-L3 has been analyzed by means of potentiometric measurements in aqueous solutions. These ligands contain one (L1, L2) or two (L3) 2,2'-dipyridine units as an integral part of a polyamine macrocyclic framework having different dimensions and numbers of nitrogen ... |
15446867 | Kinetics of acid-catalyzed O-atom transfer from a hydroperoxorhodium complex to organic and inorganic substrates. | Oxygen atom transfer from (NH(3))(4)(H(2)O)RhOOH(2+) to organic and inorganic nucleophiles takes place according to the rate law -d[(NH(3))(4)(H(2)O)RhOOH(2+)]/dt = k[H(+)] [(NH(3))(4)(H(2)O)RhOOH(2+)][nucleophile] for all the cases examined. The third-order rate constants were determined in aqueous solutions at 25 deg... |
15382145 | Raft and cytoskeleton associations of an ABC transporter: P-glycoprotein. | <h4>Background</h4>A novel flow cytometric assay has been described in an accompanying report (Gombos et al.,<h4>Methods</h4>The kinetics of the decrease in immunofluorescence intensity was analyzed after the addition of the raft-preserving Triton X-100 or Nonidet P-40, both of which disrupt the entire membrane. Mild t... |
15387634 | Short synthesis of polyoxygenated macrocyclic rings using acetal linkages. Application to the preparation of a new lipidic polyamine. | A short preparation of polyoxygenated macrocycles can be carried out by combining the formation of an acetal linkage, to introduce long alkyl chains, with a ring closure metathesis. As an example, this methodology was used to synthesize a new polyamino lipid. |
15387616 | A novel receptor based on a C3v-symmetrical PN3-calix[6]cryptand. | A C3v-symmetrical PN3-calix[6]cryptand was prepared in six steps from the known 1,3,5-tris-methylated calix[6]arene through a remarkably efficient [1 + 1] macrocyclization reaction. A 1H NMR study showed that the P,N-crypto cap rigidifies the whole edifice in a cone conformation ideal for molecular recognition applicat... |
15387589 | Highly fluorescent pyreno[2,1-b]pyrroles: first syntheses, crystal structure, and intriguing photophysical properties. | A series of pyrrole analogues of benzo[a]pyrene have been synthesized in which pyreno[2,1-b]pyrrole exhibits highly fluorescent properties in solution as well as in crystalline form even possessing strong pi-pi stacking. The pi-stacking-induced fluorescence spectral changes lead to future applications such as molecular... |
15387580 | Molecular recognition thermodynamics and structural elucidation of interactions between steroids and bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s. | A series of bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin(CD))s (2-7) were synthesized, i.e., bridged bis(beta-CD)s 2 and 3 bearing binaphthyl or biquinoline tethers and bridged bis(beta-CD)s 4-7 possessing dithiobis(benzoyl) tether, and their complex stability constants (KS), enthalpy (DeltaH degrees), and entropy changes (DeltaS deg... |
15387577 | Reversible control of assembly and disassembly of interlocked supermolecules. | Two kinds of interlocked supramolecular complexes that display stimulus-responsive assembly and disassembly have been described. One is a pseudorotaxane driven by hydrogen-bonding interactions between rings 2a and 2b and rods 1a and 1b. The rods contain a binding site for the ring as well as a stimulus-responsive diazo... |
15387573 | First synthesis and structure of beta-ketoimine calix[4]arenes: complexation and extraction studies. | The synthesis of a new series of beta-ketoimine calix[4]arene derivatives is described. The reaction of calix[4]arene or p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with bromoacetonitrile or bromobutyronitrile afforded di-, tri-, and tetranitrile calixarene derivatives (3-8, 3a), which were then reduced into the corresponding amine (9-1... |
15388096 | A PFG NMR experiment for translational diffusion measurements in low-viscosity solvents containing multiple resonances. | Pulsed gradient simulated-echo (PGSE) NMR diffusion measurements provide a facile and accurate means for determining the self-diffusion coefficients for molecules over a wide range of sizes and conditions. The measurement of diffusion in solvents of low intrinsic viscosity is particularly challenging, due to the persis... |
15388159 | Synthesis and biological activities of novel 17-aminogeldanamycin derivatives. | Geldanamycin interferes with the action of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) by binding to the N-terminal ATP binding site and inhibiting an essential ATPase activity. In a program directed toward finding potent, water soluble inhibitors of Hsp90, we prepared a library of over sixty 17-alkylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin a... |
15388482 | Efficacy of posaconazole in a murine model of central nervous system aspergillosis. | Human central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis has >90% mortality. We compared posaconazole with other antifungals for efficacy against murine CNS aspergillosis. All tested regimens of posaconazole were equivalent to those of amphotericin B and superior in prolonging survival and reducing CFU to those of itraconazole... |
15388443 | In vitro comparison of topical microbicides for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission. | A standardized protocol was used to compare cellular toxicities and anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activities of candidate microbicides formulated for human use. The microbicides evaluated were cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), Carraguard, K-Y plus nonoxynol-9 (KY-N9), PRO 2000 (0.5 and 4%), SPL7013 ... |
15388442 | Antimicrobial activity of euplotin C, the sesquiterpene taxonomic marker from the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus. | Strains of the marine ciliate protist Euplotes crassus produce exclusive terpenoids called euplotins that play an ecological role. Among these derivatives, euplotin C is the main of four secondary metabolites isolated from cultures of this protozoon and represents the sesquiterpene taxonomic marker from E. crassus. Bec... |
15384991 | Component engineering for an implantable system. | Component engineering is important for the development of implantable-type rotary blood pumps (RP). The authors are conducting elementary development of an implantable artificial heart. A sensor system detects information in the living body. An automatic control system performs the drive control. Energy is provided by ... |
15381036 | Inhibition of in vitro VEGF expression and choroidal neovascularization by synthetic dendrimer peptide mediated delivery of a sense oligonucleotide. | Ocular neovascularisation is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and the most potent angiogenic factor associated with neovascularisation is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We have previously described a sense oligonucleotide (ODN-1) that possesses anti-human and rat VEGF activity. This pap... |
15381033 | Identification of caveolae and their signature proteins caveolin 1 and 2 in the lens. | This study shows that caveolae are present in lens epithelia of rabbit and guinea pig under normal conditions. Caveolae are unique lipid membrane microdomains observed in many cell types. They are believed to play crucial roles in a variety of basic physiological functions including signal transduction, lipid and trans... |
15375606 | Non-viral tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transfer decreases the incidence of orthotopic bladder tumors. | Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene therapy in preventing bladder tumor recurrence using an orthotopic model of bladder cancer. We transiently transfected a murine bladder cancer cell line MB49 with pBud-TNF-alpha using a transfection system consisting of the cationi... |
15375591 | Peribronchial innervation of the rat lung. | Mammalian peribronchial tissue is supplied by several peptide-containing nerve fibers. Although it is well established that different neuropeptides exert significant effects on bronchial and vascular tone in the lungs, the role played by some neuromediators on the general regulation, differentiation and release of loca... |
15368258 | Proteomic profiling of platelet proteins by trypsin immobilized self-assembled monolayers digestion chip and protein identification using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. | Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on coinage metal provide versatile modeling systems for studies of interfacial electron transfer, biological interactions, molecular recognition, and other interfacial phenomena. Recently, the bonding of enzyme to SAMs of alkanethiols onto Au electrode surfaces was exploited to produce ... |
15367856 | Glycosylation defects in muscular dystrophies. | <h4>Purpose of review</h4>Congenital disorders of glycosylation are caused by defects in the synthesis of the glycan moiety of glycoproteins or other glycoconjugates. There has been a great explosion in the number of neuromuscular diseases caused by mutations in genes that affect carbohydrate metabolism or protein glyc... |
15363790 | Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis YckF: structural and functional evolution. | The crystal structure of the YckF protein from Bacillus subtilis was determined with MAD phasing and refined at 1.95A resolution. YckF forms a tight tetramer both in crystals and in solution. Conservation of such oligomerization in other phosphate sugar isomerases indicates that the crystallographically observed tetram... |
15351389 | Designed calix[8]arene-based ligands for selective tryptase surface recognition. | Basic amino acid calix[8]arene receptors for tryptase surface recognition have been synthesized. The tetrameric arrangement and the negative charge distribution close to the active sites of the enzyme, have suggested the design of complementary multifunctional receptors that might bind to the active region of the prote... |
15349968 | In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin enabled etomidate formulation. | In this study, we report the formulation and in vivo evaluation of etomidate in an aqueous solution using sulfobutyl ether-7 beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-CD, Captisol) as a solubilizing agent. The phase-solubility behavior of etomidate as a function of SBE-CD concentration was evaluated, and accelerated solution stability st... |
15341938 | Design and synthesis of 3'-ureidoadenosine-5'-uronamides: effects of the 3'-ureido group on binding to the A3 adenosine receptor. | On the basis of high binding affinity at the A(3) adenosine receptor of 3'-aminoadenosine derivatives with hydrogen bonding donor ability, novel 3'-ureidoadenosine analogues were synthesized from 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-glucose in order to lead to stronger hydrogen bonding than the corresponding 3'-aminoadenosine... |
15336890 | Degradation of pentachlorophenol in cyclodextrin extraction effluent using a photocatalytic process. | This work evaluates a process for the elimination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from effluents provided by a cyclodextrin-assisted flushing of contaminated soils. The effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation of PCP in several cyclodextrin (CD) solutions was evaluated using TiO2 as a photocatalyst. Effects of CD type on... |
15336316 | Enhancement of cytotoxicity of artemisinins toward cancer cells by ferrous iron. | Iron(II) heme-mediated activation of the peroxide bond of artemisinins is thought to generate the radical oxygen species responsible for their antimalarial activity. We analyzed the role of ferrous iron in the cytotoxicity of artemisinins toward tumor cells. Iron(II)-glycine sulfate (Ferrosanol) and transferrin increas... |
15315775 | Study of stereoselective pharmacokinetics of anisodamine enantiomers in rabbits by capillary electrophoresis. | The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of anisodamine enantiomers in plasma after oral and intravenous administration of racemic anisodamine in rabbits. A capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous separation of two pairs of enantiomers in plasma has been firstly developed and valida... |
15313638 | Nanostructured collagen layers obtained by adsorption and drying. | The supramolecular organization of collagen adsorbed from a 7 microg/ml solution on polystyrene was investigated as a function of the adsorption duration (from 1 min to 24 h) and of the drying conditions (fast drying under a nitrogen flow, slow drying in a water-saturated atmosphere). The morphology of the created surf... |
15293221 | A unique mechanism for cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-induced increase of 32-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in boar spermatozoa. | A cAMP-induced increase of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins is involved in the expression of fertilizing ability in mammalian spermatozoa. We (Harayama, 2003: J Androl 24:831-842) reported that incubation of boar spermatozoa with a cell-permeable cAMP analog (cBiMPS) increased a 32-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein (... |
15467764 | Lack of efficacy of troglitazone at clinically achievable concentrations, with or without 9-cis retinoic acid or cytotoxic agents, for hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. | Although the PPARgamma agonist troglitazone has been shown to induce growth inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells at high concentration, this study indicates troglitazone does not significantly inhibit the growth of HCC cells at clinically achievable concentrations (1-10 microM), and this lack of activity ... |
15476416 | A single amino acid replacement results in the Ca2+-induced self-assembly of a helical conantokin-based peptide. | Conantokins are short (17-27 amino acid residues), gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla)-rich peptide components of the venoms of marine snails of the genus Conus. They display high apo and/or Ca(2+)-induced helicity and act as potent and selective inhibitors of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). We have previously esta... |
15476414 | Single amino acid mutations interchange the reaction specificities of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the acarbose-modifying enzyme acarviosyl transferase. | Acarviosyl transferase (ATase) from Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 is a bacterial enzyme that transfers the acarviosyl moiety of the diabetic drug acarbose to sugar acceptors. The enzyme exhibits 42% sequence identity with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTase), and both enzymes are members of the alpha-amylase family, ... |
15466994 | Dengue viral infections. | Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito borne diseases in the world. They may be asymptomatic or may give rise to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome. Annually, 100 million cases of dengue fever and half a million cases of DHF occur worl... |
15466033 | Effect of bile on the cell surface permeability barrier and efflux system of Vibrio cholerae. | Gram-negative bacteria are inherently impermeable to hydrophobic compounds, due to the synergistic activity of the permeability barrier imposed by the outer membrane and energy dependent efflux systems. The gram-negative, enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae appears to be deficient in both these activities; the outer membr... |
15466021 | Identification of a staphylococcal AgrB segment(s) responsible for group-specific processing of AgrD by gene swapping. | The four gene products of the accessory gene regulator (agr) P2 operon of Staphylococcus aureus assemble a quorum-sensing system: AgrA and AgrC resemble a two-component signal transduction system, and AgrB and AgrD are required to produce an autoinducing peptide. Upon activation, this quorum-sensing system positively r... |
15466383 | Inhibition of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein, helicase activity, and viral replication by a recombinant human antibody clone. | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), with its protease, helicase, and NTPase enzymatic activities, plays a crucial role in viral replication, and therefore represents an ideal target for the development of anti-viral agents. We have developed a recombinant human antibody (Fab) that reacts with the hel... |
15459386 | Toroidal triblock copolymer assemblies. | A stable phase of toroidal, or ringlike, supramolecular assemblies was formed by combining dilute solution characteristics critical for both bundling of like-charged biopolymers and block copolymer micelle formation. The key to toroid versus classic cylinder micelle formation is the interaction of the negatively charge... |
15459665 | In search of the holy replicator. | After 40 years of searching for the eukaryotic replicator sequence, it is time to abandon the concept of 'the' replicator as a single genetic entity. Here I propose a 'relaxed replicon model' in which a positive initiator-replicator interaction is facilitated by a combination of several complex features of chromatin. A... |
15453797 | Density functional theory studies of the [2]rotaxane component of the Stoddart-heath molecular switch. | The central component of the programmable molecular switch recently demonstrated by Stoddart and Heath is [2]rotaxane, which consists of a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) shuttle (CBPQT(4+))(PF(6)(-))(4) (the ring) encircling a finger and moving between two stations, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 1,5-dioxynaphthalene (DN... |
15453772 | Hydrogen bonded oligohydrazide foldamers and their recognition for saccharides. | This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of the first series of hydrogen bonding-driven hydrazide foldamers and their recognition for alkyl saccharides in chloroform. Oligomers 1, 2-4, 5, 6, and 7, which contain one, two, four, six, or twelve repeated dibenzoyl hydrazide residues, respectively, have been... |
15453771 | Conformational effects on glycoside reactivity: study of the high reactive conformer of glucose. | The effect of conformation on glycoside reactivity was investigated by studying the hydrolysis of a selection of 3,6-anhydroglucosides as models for glucose in the highly reactive (1)C(4) conformation. Methyl 3,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucopyranoside was found to hydrolyze 200-400 times faster than methyl glucosides in the (4... |
15453755 | Self-assembly of phospholipid molecules at a Au(111) electrode surface. | We described the first scanning tunneling microscopy study of spreading unilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) at a Au(111) electrode surface. At the initial stage of the film formation, the molecular resolution images revealed that DMPC molecules are adsorbed flat with the acyl... |
15453751 | Combining light-harvesting and charge separation in a self-assembled artificial photosynthetic system based on perylenediimide chromophores. | Self-assembly of robust perylenediimide chromophores is used to produce an artificial light-harvesting antenna structure that in turn induces self-assembly of a functional special pair that undergoes ultrafast, quantitative charge separation. The structure consists of four 1,7-(3',5'-di-tert-butylphenoxy)perylene-3,4:9... |
15453750 | Binding control and stoichiometry of ferrocenyl dendrimers at a molecular printboard. | Ferrocenyl-functionalized PPI dendrimers of generations 1-5 were adsorbed at self-assembled monolayers of heptathioether-functionalized beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) on gold. The dendrimers form stable supramolecular assemblies at the betaCD host surface having multivalent supramolecular interactions and could be electroc... |
15453743 | A highly stable short alpha-helix constrained by a main-chain hydrogen-bond surrogate. | Herein we describe a strategy for the preparation of artificial alpha-helices involving replacement of one of the main-chain hydrogen bonds with a covalent linkage. To mimic the C=O...H-N hydrogen bond as closely as possible, we envisioned a covalent bond of the type C=X-Y-N, where X and Y are two carbon atoms connecte... |
15453734 | Dispersion of the third-order nonlinear optical properties of an organometallic dendrimer(1). | The dispersion of cubic nonlinearity in the organometallic dendrimer 1,3,5-(3,5-{trans-[(dppe)2(4-O2NC6H4CC)RuCC]}2C6H3CCC6H4-4-CC)3C6H3 can be understood in terms of an interplay of two-photon absorption and absorption saturation. Simple dispersion relations reproduce the behavior of both the real and imaginary compon... |
15453722 | A generic basis for some simple light-operated mechanical molecular machines. | A novel type of mechanical switch is described in which light-induced translation of a macrocycle in a [2]rotaxane quenches anthracene fluorescence. Features of the system include the remarkable 200:1 difference in fluorescence intensity between the two positional states of the molecule ( approximately 85:1 between one... |
15453721 | Shape-persistent macromolecular disks from reactive supramolecular rod bundles. | We have synthesized a coil-rod-coil molecule based on a reactive rod block that self-organizes into a 3-D hexagonal close-packed (hcp) bundle structure in the melt state. Photo-cross-linking within an aromatic bundle yielded macromolecular disklike objects (molecular weight of 330 kDa) with a narrow size distribution t... |
15453719 | Molecular recognition in a supramolecular hydrogel to afford a semi-wet sensor chip. | This communication describes a new molecular recognition chip using a semi-wet microenvironment provided by a self-assembled hydrogel. On the basis of the evidence that the molecular recognition capability of artificial chemosensors are practically retained even in the hydrogel compared to those in aqueous solution, we... |
15453715 | Charge-reversal amphiphiles for gene delivery. | Delivering a missing gene or a functional substitute of a defective gene has the potential to revolutionize current medical care. Of the two gene delivery approaches, viral and synthetic vectors, synthetic cationic vectors possess several practical advantages but suffer from poor transfection efficiency. A new approach... |
15452254 | Small molecules blocking the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus into host cells. | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the pathogen of SARS, which caused a global panic in 2003. We describe here the screening of Chinese herbal medicine-based, novel small molecules that bind avidly with the surface spike protein of SARS-CoV and thus can interfere with the entry of the virus to ... |
15452233 | Relationships between infectious titer, capsid protein levels, and reverse transcriptase activities of diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates. | Most studies on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication kinetics or fitness must rely on a particular assay to initially standardize inocula from virus stocks. The most accurate measure of infectious HIV-1 titers involves a limiting dilution-infection assay and a calculation of the dose required for 50%... |
15451419 | Heat-induced oligomerization of gp96 occurs via a site distinct from substrate binding and is regulated by ATP. | Gp96 (GRP94) is a dimeric glycoprotein and is the endoplasmic reticulum representative of the hsp90 family of molecular chaperones. In addition to the protein substrates it chaperones, gp96 binds weakly to both peptides and ATP, and has been shown to self-assemble into discrete oligomers upon heat shock at 50 degrees C... |
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