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7981945 | The origin of human chromosome 2 analyzed by comparative chromosome mapping with a DNA microlibrary. | Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of microlibraries established from distinct chromosome subregions can test the evolutionary conservation of chromosome bands as well as chromosomal rearrangements that occurred during primate evolution and will help to clarify phylogenetic relationships. We used a DNA library e... |
7981944 | Histone H4 acetylated at lysine 16 and proteins of the Drosophila dosage compensation pathway co-localize on the male X chromosome through mitosis. | In the fruit fly Drosophila, dosage compensation involves several proteins acting in concert to double the transcriptional activity of genes on the single male X chromosome. Three of these proteins, MLE, MSL-1 and histone H4 acetylated at lysine 16 (H4Ac16), have recently been shown to be located almost exclusively on ... |
7981943 | Parental genome separation and asynchronous centromere division in interspecific F1 hybrids in Lathyrus. | Chromosomes were studied in root-tip metaphase cells of several F1 interspecific Lathyrus hybrids including: L. hirsutus x L. cassius (H x C), L. cassius x L. hirsutus (C x H), L. cassius x L. odoratus (C x O), and their parents, all with 2n = 2x = 14. Two types of morphologically distinct centromeres were identified i... |
7981942 | The gene structure of B-type nuclear lamins of Xenopus laevis: implications for the evolution of the vertebrate lamin family. | The gene structure of the Xenopus laevis lamin B1 gene is presented, together with a partial analysis of the lamin B2 gene of the same species. The intron/exon pattern of lamin B1 is strikingly similar to other vertebrate lamin genes and is completely identical to that of Xenopus lamin B3. An additional intron present ... |
7981941 | Ultrastructural detection of kinetochores by silver impregnation. | We describe a simple silver impregnation method for the ultrastructural detection of kinetochores on meiotic chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans. Testes were fixed with glutaraldehyde and silver-impregnated. After Epon 812 embedding, ultrathin cutting and counterstaining with uranyl acetate, sections w... |
7981940 | The telochore: a telomeric differentiation of the chromosome axis. | We have analysed by means of silver staining the structure of the chromosome axis at the telomeres of meiotic chromosomes in three different grasshopper species. At metaphase I the chromatid axes run the length of the chromatids although they do not reach the chromosome ends. The axes of sister chromatids are associate... |
7981939 | Rapidly evolving repetitive DNAs in a conservative genome: a test of factors that affect chromosomal evolution. | The hypothesis that tandemly repeated DNA sequences may facilitate chromosomal rearrangements was tested by comparing a conservatively evolving karyotype of a bat species (Macrotus waterhousii) with data published for a rapidly evolving karyotype of an equid species (Equus zebra). Empirical data generated from the phyl... |
7981938 | Chromosomal variation in pocket gophers (Geomys) detected by sequential G-, R-, and C-band analyses. | The chromosomes of six taxa, representing five species of Geomys (G. attwateri, G. breviceps, G. personatus, G. texensis, G. bursarius) were analysed for variation in G-band, R-band, sequential R-/DAPI-AMD, and sequential R-/C-band patterns. Eleven chromosomes had structural rearrangements resulting from deletion/addit... |
7978295 | Capillary electrophoresis with chiral selectors: optimization of separation and determination of thermodynamic parameters for binding of tioconazole enantiomers to cyclodextrins. | A systematic approach is outlined for optimization of enantiomeric separations in free solution capillary electrophoresis using chiral mobile-phase additives. Maximum electrophoretic mobility difference between the enantiomers occurs when the concentration of free selector is equal to the reciprocal of the average bind... |
7968921 | Biochemistry of homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. | Homologous recombination is a fundamental biological process. Biochemical understanding of this process is most advanced for Escherichia coli. At least 25 gene products are involved in promoting genetic exchange. At present, this includes the RecA, RecBCD (exonuclease V), RecE (exonuclease VIII), RecF, RecG, RecJ, RecN... |
7968920 | Do prokaryotes contain microtubules? | In eukaryotic cells, microtubules are 24-nm-diameter tubular structures composed of a class of conserved proteins called tubulin. They are involved in numerous cell functions including ciliary motility, nerve cell elongation, pigment migration, centrosome formation, and chromosome movement. Although cytoplasmic tubules... |
7967058 | [An autopsy case of AIDS with hemophilia A who died of DIC and gastrointestinal bleeding associated with gastric carcinoma (signet ring cell carcinoma)]. | We describe a 39 years-old male hemophilia A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developing to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) due to gastric carcinoma. He had been diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sero-positive in 1990. Since then, he has been treated by the oral administ... |
7953392 | Serum lipofuscin as a prognostic indicator of adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. | Toxic oxygen free radical damage is thought to play an important role in events such as trauma and sepsis, in which adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure (MOF) are the major causes of late death. Serum lipofuscin concentration has been proposed as an indicator of lipid peroxidation cause... |
7952191 | Evidence for a polysaccharide-binding domain in Hormoconis resinae glucoamylase P: effects of its proteolytic removal on substrate specificity and inhibition by beta-cyclodextrin. | The hydrolysis of soluble starch, raw starch and pullulan with recombinant glucoamylase P from Hormoconis resinae was competitively inhibited by beta-cyclodextrin with apparent Ki values of 190 microM, 13 microM and 1.4 microM, respectively. Inhibition of dextran hydrolysis was partial: a maximum inhibition of 22% was ... |
7952000 | Comparison of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with capillary gas chromatography in the separation of phenols, anilines and polynuclear aromatics potential field-screening applications of MEKC. | Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is known to be complementary to liquid chromatography, but comparison of CE with capillary gas chromatography (GC) for applicable analytes has not been extensive. Capillary GC has been the preeminent separation technique for environmental analysis, but CE has yet to be applied systematica... |
7765457 | The search for novel microbial fine chemicals, agrochemicals and biopharmaceuticals. | An ever-increasing number of fine chemicals and enzymes is now produced based on microbial biotechnology. Microbial products generally display desired chirality, are biodegradable and are produced from renewable (agro)-substrates. Bioconversion reactions, based on the use of (immobilised) biocatalysts (cell or enzymes)... |
7945210 | Gene dissection demonstrates that the Escherichia coli cysG gene encodes a multifunctional protein. | The C-terminus of the Escherichia coli CysG protein, consisting of amino acids 202-457, was expressed as a recombinant protein using gene dissection methodology. Analysis of the activity of this truncated protein, termed CysGA, revealed that it was able to methylate uroporphyrinogen III in the same S-adenosyl-L-methion... |
7944355 | Properties and active center of the thermostable branching enzyme from Bacillus stearothermophilus. | Although the branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18) is a member of the alpha-amylase family, the characteristics are not understood. The thermostable branching enzyme gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus TRBE14 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The branching enzyme was purified to homogeneity, and various enzymati... |
7937822 | Determination of the minimal essential nucleotide sequence for diphtheria tox repressor binding by in vitro affinity selection. | The expression of diphtheria toxin in lysogenic toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is controlled by the heavy metal ion-activated regulatory protein DtxR. In the presence of divalent heavy metal ions, DtxR specifically binds to the diphtheria tox operator and protects a 27-bp interrupted palindromic seque... |
7937811 | A potential peptide vaccine against two different strains of influenza virus isolated at intervals of about 10 years. | We have developed a strategy for making synthetic peptide vaccines, in which a peptide, HA127-133, derived from the hemagglutinin (HA) of A/Aichi/2/68(H3N2) influenza virus (Aichi/68) is introduced into the Ab binding component consisting of 43-46 and 54-58 residues of a pigeon cytochrome c analogue peptide, 46F50V54A.... |
7937748 | One disulfide bond in front of the second heavy chain constant region is necessary and sufficient for effector functions of human IgG3 without a genetic hinge. | We have created four IgG3 mutants without a normal hinge region: (i) m0 without a genetic hinge; (ii) m0/C131S, where Cys-131 in m0 was mutated to Ser; (iii) m0/231C232 (formerly HM-1), where a Cys residue was inserted in m0 between Ala-231 and Pro-232; (iv) m0/C131S/231C232, which is a hybrid of m0/231C232 and m0/C131... |
7937075 | MHCPEP: a database of MHC-binding peptides. | MHCPEP is a curated database comprising over 4000 peptide sequences known to bind MHC molecules. Entries are compiled from published reports as well as from direct submissions of experimental data. Each entry contains the source protein (when known), an estimate of binding affinity and critical anchor residues (if iden... |
7937067 | The FSSP database of structurally aligned protein fold families. | FSSP (families of structurally similar proteins) is a database of structural alignments of proteins in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The database currently contains an extended structural family for each of 330 representative protein chains. Each data set contains structural alignments of one search structure with all o... |
7932565 | Structure-activity relationships of 1,3-dialkylxanthine derivatives at rat A3 adenosine receptors. | 1,3-Dialkylxanthine analogues containing carboxylic acid and other charged groups on 8-position substituents were synthesized. These derivatives were examined for affinity in radioligand binding assays at rat brain A3 adenosine receptors stably expressed in CHO cells using the new radioligand [125I]AB-MECA (N6-(4-amino... |
7928690 | Synthesis of doxorubicin-cyclodextrin conjugates. | Doxorubicin-gamma-cyclodextrin conjugates have been synthesized by the coupling of 14-bromodaunomycin with mono half-ester compounds linked to a 6-hydroxyl group of gamma-cyclodextrin. Release of drug from the conjugates in saline phosphate buffer solution and in vitro antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia cells we... |
7925285 | Lambda integrase cleaves DNA in cis. | In the Int family of site-specific recombinases, DNA cleavage is accomplished by nucleophilic attack on the activated scissile phosphodiester bond by a specific tyrosine residue. It has been proposed that this tyrosine is contributed by a protomer bound to a site other than the one being cleaved ('trans' cleavage). To ... |
7925281 | AP-1 transcriptional activity requires both T-cell receptor-mediated and co-stimulatory signals in primary T lymphocytes. | The transcription factor AP-1 contributes significantly to the regulation of interleukin-2 gene transcription during T-cell activation and may play a role in thymocyte development. To study the regulation of AP-1 transcriptional activity in primary T-cells, reporter transgenic mice were generated that express luciferas... |
7923580 | Microtubule disruption induced by estradiol in estrogen receptor-positive and -negative human breast cancer cell lines. | Effects of estrogens on the cytoplasmic microtubule network were examined by the indirect immunofluorescence method using anti-beta-tubulin antibody. Estradiol, a naturally occurring estrogen, decreased the amount of cytoplasmic microtubule fibers during interphase in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB... |
8093006 | Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor beta. | We have analysed the interactions of three proteoglycans of the decorin family, decorin, biglycan and fibromodulin, with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). The proteoglycan core proteins, expressed from human cDNAs as fusion proteins with Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein, each bound TGF-beta 1. They sh... |
8090770 | Expression of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein and assembly of pseudovirus particles in Escherichia coli. | The bidirectional self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, common or U1 strain) has been studied extensively in vitro. Foreign single-stranded RNA molecules containing the TMV origin-of-assembly sequence (OAS, 75-432 nt in length) are also packaged by TMV coat protein (CP) in vitro to form helical pseudovirus partic... |
8090750 | Monoclonal antibody-superantigen fusion proteins: tumor-specific agents for T-cell-based tumor therapy. | The bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is an extremely potent activator of T lymphocytes when presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. To develop a tumor-specific superantigen for cancer therapy, we have made a recombinant fusion protein of SEA and the Fab region of... |
8084335 | Positive transcriptional control elements within the SP6 kappa promoter decamer 3' flanking sequence. | The SP6 kappa promoter decamer 3' flanking sequence was shown to contain several positive control elements for transcriptional stimulation which together increased transcriptional stimulation one order of magnitude. One was mapped to an A nucleotide immediately 3' of the decamer consensus motif. The mechanism was to in... |
8083379 | Diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice heterozygous and homozygous for apolipoprotein E gene disruption. | With the aim of establishing whether a genetically reduced capability of producing apolipoprotein E (apo E) can affect atherogenesis, we have compared the consequences of dietary stress on normal mice and on mice heterozygous or homozygous for a disrupted apo E gene. A dramatically accelerated development of lesions oc... |
8083169 | Characterization of the pcaR regulatory gene from Pseudomonas putida, which is required for the complete degradation of p-hydroxybenzoate. | The pca branch of the beta-ketoadipate pathway in Pseudomonas putida is responsible for the complete degradation of p-hydroxybenzoate through ortho cleavage of the initial pathway metabolite, protocatechuate. The pcaR regulatory locus has been found to be required for both induction of all of the genes within the pca r... |
7916011 | The leucine-responsive regulatory protein binds to the fim switch to control phase variation of type 1 fimbrial expression in Escherichia coli K-12. | Phase variation of type 1 fimbriation in Escherichia coli is associated with the site-specific recombination of a 314-bp DNA invertible element. The fim switch directs transcription of fimA, the major fimbrial subunit gene, in one orientation (on) but not the other (off). Switching requires either fimB (on-to-off or of... |
8080738 | Serum metalloproteinases and their inhibitors: markers for malignant potential. | Death from cancer results from the development of metastases or local progression of tumour. Metastasis and local progression may result from the inappropriate activity of metalloproteinases released by tumour cells or of their regulatory peptides. We have developed quantitative assays for interstitial collagenase, str... |
8075072 | G-wires: self-assembly of a telomeric oligonucleotide, d(GGGGTTGGGG), into large superstructures. | The telomeric DNA oligonucleotide 5'-G4T2G4-3' (Tet 1.5) spontaneously assembles into large superstructures we have termed G-wires. G-wires can be resolved by gel electrophoresis as a ladder pattern. The self-association of Tet 1.5 is noncovalent and exhibits characteristics of G4-DNA, a parallel four-stranded structur... |
8073284 | Chemical sequence control of beta-sheet assembly in macromolecular crystals of periodic polypeptides. | A family of uniform periodic polypeptides has been prepared by bacterial expression of the corresponding artificial genes, with the objective of exploring the potential for control of supramolecular organization in genetically engineered protein-based polymeric materials. The repeating units of the polypeptides consist... |
8071242 | The zymogen of the protease that degrades small, acid-soluble proteins of spores of Bacillus species can rapidly autoprocess to the active enzyme in vitro. | The zymogen of the protease (GPR) that initiates protein degradation during spore germination in Bacillus species is not activated in vitro under normal physiological conditions. However, there is rapid, acid-pH-dependent, zero-order, proteolytic activation of the purified zymogen in high concentrations of dimethyl sul... |
8071194 | In vivo footprinting analysis of Lrp binding to the ilvIH promoter region of Escherichia coli. | An in vivo footprinting analysis of the ilvIH regulatory region of Escherichia coli showed that the transcription activator Lrp binds to six sites, scattered over 250 bp upstream of the transcriptional start point. When Lrp-mediated activation was impaired by the presence of exogenous leucine, only one promoter-distal ... |
8070111 | Starburst dendrimers: enhanced performance and flexibility for immunoassays. | Starburst dendrimers are novel, water-soluble polymeric materials, with a well-defined composition and structure. In our application, we used dendrimers composed of poly(amidoamine) groups to which we coupled several specific antibodies, to investigate potential formats based on radial partition immunoassay. The couple... |
8065329 | Characterization and cloning of a receptor for BMP-2 and BMP-4 from NIH 3T3 cells. | The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-related factors whose only receptor identified to date is the product of the daf-4 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans. Mouse embryonic NIH 3T3 fibroblasts display high-affinity 125I-BMP-4 binding sites. Binding assays are not... |
8065322 | In vivo inhibition of trypanosome mitochondrial topoisomerase II: effects on kinetoplast DNA maxicircles. | Kinetoplast DNA, the mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, is a topologically complex structure composed of interlocked minicircles and maxicircles. We previously reported that etoposide, a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II, promotes the cleavage of about 20% of network minicircle DNA (T. A. Shapiro, V. A. Klein, and P... |
8065301 | The enhancer-blocking suppressor of Hairy-wing zinc finger protein of Drosophila melanogaster alters DNA structure. | Insertion of the gypsy retrotransposon of Drosophila melanogaster into a gene control region can repress gene expression. The zinc finger protein (SUHW) encoded by the suppressor of Hairy-wing [su(Hw)] gene binds to gypsy and prevents gene enhancers from activating transcription. SUHW blocks an enhancer only when posit... |
7520476 | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to a wild type hepatitis B virus epitope in patients chronically infected by variant viruses carrying substitutions within the epitope. | Mutations that abrogate recognition of a viral epitope by class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) can lead to viral escape if the CTL response against that epitope is crucial for viral clearance. The likelihood of this type of event is low when the CTL response is simultaneously directed against multiple viral ... |
8063857 | Cellular titin localization in stress fibers and interaction with myosin II filaments in vitro. | We previously discovered a cellular isoform of titin (originally named T-protein) colocalized with myosin II in the terminal web domain of the chicken intestinal epithelial cell brush border cytoskeleton (Eilertsen, K.J., and T.C.S. Keller. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 119:549-557). Here, we demonstrate that cellular titin also... |
8063855 | Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in intact cells. | Ca2+ is a key regulator not only of multiple cytosolic enzymes, but also of a variety of metabolic pathways occurring within the lumen of intracellular organelles. Until recently, no technique to selectively monitor the Ca2+ concentration within defined cellular compartments was available. We have recently proposed the... |
8063411 | Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a fibronectin/fibrinogen-binding protein from group A streptococci. | Lipoteichoic acid and several streptococcal proteins have been reported to bind fibronectin (Fn) or fibrinogen (Fgn), which may serve as host receptors. We searched for such proteins by screening a library of genes from M type 5 group A streptococci cloned into Escherichia coli. Lysates of clones were probed with bioti... |
8063407 | Binding and activation of major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient macrophages by staphylococcal exotoxins. | Macrophages from C2D transgenic mice deficient in the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins were used to identify binding sites for superantigens distinct from the MHC class II molecule. Iodinated staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) and exfoliative toxins A and B (ETA and ... |
8057487 | Respiratory virus infection of mice provokes a permanent humoral immune response. | We have observed that respiratory virus infection of mice provokes an extremely persistent humoral immune reaction, due to a long-sustained population of antibody-secreting cells in the bone marrow. Theories of humoral immunity that strongly distinguish primary and secondary reactions thus may not adequately describe t... |
8057474 | Sequence diversity of small, round-structured viruses in the Norwalk virus group. | We have determined the nucleotide sequences of a highly conserved region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the prototype Snow Mountain agent (SMA) and of four other small, round-structured viruses (antigenically Norwalk virus [NV]-like or SMA-like) following reverse transcription-PCR amplification of viral RNA obt... |
8057471 | Characterization of virus-like particles produced by the expression of rotavirus capsid proteins in insect cells. | Rotaviruses are triple-layered particles that contain four major capsid proteins, VP2, VP4, VP6, and VP7, and two minor proteins, VP1 and VP3. We have cloned each of the rotavirus genes coding for a major capsid protein into the baculovirus expression system and expressed each protein in insect cells. Coexpression of d... |
8057444 | Basic helix-loop-helix proteins in murine type C retrovirus transcriptional regulation. | E boxes, recognition sequences for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, are detected in the enhancer and promoter regions of several murine type C retroviruses. Here we show that ALF1, a member of bHLH protein family of transcription factors, in vitro binds with differing affinities to distinct E-box se... |
8057433 | Biological, molecular, and structural analysis of a cytopathic variant from a molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus. | Some isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have been shown to infect Sup-T1 cells with slow kinetics and in the absence of cytopathic effects, including cell fusion or CD4 down-modulation (J. A. Hoxie, B. S. Haggarty, S. Bonser, J. Rackowski, H. Shan, and P. Kanki, J. Virol. 62:2557-2568, 1988). In the presen... |
8057424 | Conserved cysteine residues within the E3/19K protein of adenovirus type 2 are essential for binding to major histocompatibility complex antigens. | The E3/19K protein of human adenovirus type 2 is a resident transmembrane glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum. Its capacity to associate with class I histocompatibility (MHC) antigens abrogates cell surface expression and the antigen presentation function of MHC antigens. At present, it is unclear exactly which s... |
8057421 | EBNA-2 upregulation of Epstein-Barr virus latency promoters and the cellular CD23 promoter utilizes a common targeting intermediate, CBF1. | The EBNA-2 protein is essential for the establishment of a latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and for B-cell immortalization. EBNA-2 functions as a transcriptional activator that modulates viral latency gene expression as well as the expression of cellular genes, including CD23. We recently demonstrated that EBN... |
8057420 | The size and symmetry of B capsids of herpes simplex virus type 1 are determined by the gene products of the UL26 open reading frame. | Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) B capsids are composed of seven proteins, designated VP5, VP19C, 21, 22a, VP23, VP24, and VP26 in order of decreasing molecular weight. Three proteins (21, 22a, and VP24) are encoded by a single open reading frame (ORF), UL26, and include a protease whose structure and function have ... |
7520005 | Pathogenesis of onchocercal dermatitis: possible role of parasite proteases and autoantibodies to extracellular matrix proteins. | We examined the immunogenicity of various connective tissue proteins in patients with chronic onchocercal dermatitis and the effect of filarial proteases on this host-parasite interaction. Sera from patients with onchocerciasis reacted strongly with cuticular collagens from filarial parasites and with mammalian laminin... |
11607495 | Convenient separation of high-purity C60 from crude fullerene extract by selective complexation with AlCl3. | A purification procedure for C60 from the fullerene extract has been developed using the differential complexation of C60 and C70 with AlCl3 (or its conjugate acid) in CS2 solution. In addition to pure C60 (>99.8%), the procedure also provides C70-enriched fullerene mixture. |
38229954 | Species Differences in Ligand Affinity at Central A<sub>3</sub>-Adenosine Receptors. | [Table: see text] Binding affinities of purine derivatives at A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptors in different species were compared. Binding was carried out using the novel high affinity agonist ligand [<sup>125</sup>I]AB-MECA (3-iodo-4-aminobenzyladenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide) in the presence of 1.0 μM XAC (8-[4-[[[[(... |
25147429 | The surface density gradient of grafted poly (ethylene glycol): preparation, characterization and protein adsorption. | A surface density gradient of grafted poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains was prepared using two-phase silanization of a flat silica surface. The first step was to create the surface density gradient of isocyanatopropyldimethylsilyl groups and to hydrolyze the isocyanato moiety into an amine. These surface amines were ... |
25125792 | Adhesion Force Measurements Using an Atomic Force Microscope Upgraded with a Linear Position Sensitive Detector. | The atomic force microscope (AFM), in addition to providing images on an atomic scale, can be used to measure the forces between surfaces and the AFM probe. The potential uses of mapping the adhesive forces on the surface include a spatial determination of surface energy and a direct identification of surface proteins ... |
23568110 | Prognosis of critically ill patients with multiple organ failure. | The purpose of this study was to determine the mortality rate in 527 critically ill patients with multiple organ failure (MOF), treated in our ICU between August, 1986 and January, 1992, and to compare it with the results obtained in a group of patients studied who had been treated between October, 1978 and July, 1986.... |
18966107 | Coated-wire electrodes containing polymer immobilized ionophores blended with poly(vinyl chloride). | Polymers containing covalently attached 18-crown-6 or 2.2.2 cryptand units were incorporated into plasticized PVC membranes and the composite membranes were examined as potassium ion sensor elements. Ionophores were linked to carboxy-PVC and to poly(acrylic acid) via amide linkages to an alkyl spacer unit. Coated-wire ... |
18966090 | Differential pulse polarographic studies of mercury complexes with some crown ethers in nonaqueous solvents. | The complex formation of Hg(2+) with some macrocyclic crown ethers in nitrobenzene, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide solutions was studied by differential pulse polarography at 25 degrees C. The stoichiometry and stability of the complexes were determined by monitoring the shift in the Hg(2+) differential pulse peak ... |
17833812 | Molecular recognition by self-assembled monolayers of cavitand receptors. | It is shown by angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that cavitands derived from resorcin[4]arenes provided with four dialkylsulfide chains form stable monolayers on gold surfaces that are well organized by self-assembly. The cavitand headgroups at the surface of the resorcin[4]arene monolayer act as molecula... |
16349368 | Localization and Characterization of alpha-Glucosidase Activity in Lactobacillus brevis. | Lactobacillus brevis is found together with the yeast Brettanomyces lambicus during the overattenuation process in spontaneously fermented lambic beer. An isolated L. brevis strain has been shown to produce an alpha-glucosidase with many similarities to the glucosidase earlier found in B. lambicus. The enzyme was purif... |
7750808 | Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin in induced migraine attacks: a SPECT study with Tc-99m HM-PAO split-dose method. | To verify the effect of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin (P-B-CD), a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound, on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during migraine attacks, 7 female patients (mean age: 37.4 years), suffering from migraine without aura, were studied. The patients, after induction of a migraine-like a... |
7827749 | The laminins. | Laminins are extracellular matrix proteins which consist of alpha, beta and gamma chains with molecular masses of 140-400 kDa. Chain association occurs through a large triple alpha-helical coiled-coil domain towards the C-terminus of each chain. Eight genetically distinct laminin chains (alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, beta... |
7820874 | Differential susceptibility of morphologically TPA-resistant and -sensitive Balb/c 3T3 variants to TPA-induced cell transformation: relationship to induction of membrane ruffling. | To investigate the responsiveness to phorbol ester-mediated malignant cell transformation of Balb/c 3T3 variant clones that were morphologically phorbol ester-sensitive and -resistant, we used an in vitro two-stage transformation assay in which cells were treated with 0.1 microgram/ml of MCA as an initiator and subsequ... |
7820268 | Simultaneous determination of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites, including chiral compounds, via beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by a column-switching chromatographic technique. | Using beta-cyclodextrin as a mobile-phase additive, a column-switching chromatographic system equipped with two 25-mm short ODS cartridge columns and two UV detectors was successfully employed for the simultaneous determination of some antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites, including chiral compounds, in human seru... |
7820115 | Percutaneous absorption of physiologically active peptides, ebiratide and elcatonin, in rats. | This study was designed to evaluate the percutaneous absorption of physiologically active peptides, ebiratide (a behaviorally potent adrenocorticotropic analog) and elcatonin (a hypocalcemic peptide) in an attempt to develop an efficient transdermal therapeutic system for the treatment of diseases. The [125I]ebiratide ... |
7804162 | Use of cyclodextrin as an agent to induce excretion of Bordetella pertussis antigens. | This paper attempts to provide an explanation for the effect of cyclodextrin on the yield of Bordetella pertussis soluble antigens. It was demonstrated that the addition of cyclodextrin to the synthetic Stainer-Scholte liquid medium enhances the level of the intracellular form of adenylate cyclase (200 kDa) in the supe... |
7997169 | The Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes invF and invG encode homologues of the AraC and PulD family of proteins. | We have identified two novel Salmonella typhimurium genes, invF and invG, which are required for the efficient entry of these organisms into cultured epithelial cells. invF and invG are located immediately upstream of invE, a previously identified gene also required for Salmonella entry. Non-polar mutations in these ge... |
7994574 | The structure of an asymmetric dimer relevant to the mode of action of the glycopeptide antibiotics. | <h4>Background</h4>Glycopeptide antibiotics of the vancomycin group are of crucial clinical importance in the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)--the often lethal 'super-bug'--characterized by its resistance to a wide range of antibiotics in common use. The antibiotics exert their physiolog... |
7989532 | Gas chromatographic determination of D-arabinitol/L-arabinitol ratios in urine: a potential method for diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis. | A gas chromatographic procedure was developed to determine the relative amounts of D- and L-arabinitol in urine. Samples were filtered, diluted, purified through extractions, evaporated, and treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride; the arabinitol derivatives thus obtained were separated on a chiral stationary phase and ... |
7988034 | Interaction of beta-cyclodextrin with bile acids and their competition with vitamins A and D3 as determined by 1H-NMR spectrometry. | The interaction of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with four bile acids, cholic, taurocholic, chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic, was demonstrated by proton-NMR spectroscopy. Lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acids exhibit a stronger affinity for beta-CD than cholic and taurocholic acids. The affinity of bile acids for beta-C... |
7983599 | Solubilization of a tripeptide HIV protease inhibitor using a combination of ionization and complexation with chemically modified cyclodextrins. | Kynostatin (KNI-272), an experimental HIV protease inhibitor, is currently undergoing preclinical testing for the treatment of AIDS. This transition state mimetic tripeptide exhibits extremely low aqueous solubility (4 micrograms/mL) making target concentrations (5-50 mg/mL) for parenteral solution formulations difficu... |
7983188 | The endless story of the glial fibrillary acidic protein. | All intermediate filament proteins consist of an alpha-helical rod domain flanked by non-helical N-terminal head and C-terminal tail domains. The roles of the non-helical domains of various intermediate filament proteins in the assembly and co-assembly of higher-order filamentous structures have been studied by many gr... |
7971720 | Cyclodextrins as mucosal absorption promoters of insulin. II. Effects of beta-cyclodextrin derivatives on alpha-chymotryptic degradation and enteral absorption of insulin in rats. | The relative effectiveness of two beta-cyclodextrin derivatives, i.e., dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM beta CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP beta CD), in enhancing enteral absorption of insulin was evaluated in the lower jejunal/upper ileal segments of the rat by means of an in situ closed loop method. The in... |
7954977 | Vesicles and other supramolecular systems from biocompatible synthetic glycolipids with hydrocarbon and/or fluorocarbon chains. | A series of double-tailed hydrocarbon and/or fluorocarbon glycolipids derived from galactose and glucose have been prepared. These compounds were obtained upon opening a lactono- and maltonolactone moiety by the amino group of either a glycine, glycylglycine or lysine residue. The carboxyl terminus of the glycyl and gl... |
7952885 | Antagonism by lipophilic quaternary ions of the K+ channel opener, levcromakalim, in vascular smooth muscle. | 1. The aim of this study was to characterize the interaction between the K+ channel opener levcromakalim (LKM) and several quaternary ions, in vascular smooth muscle, in vitro. Segments of isolated, thoracic aorta of the rat were suspended in organ baths filled with Krebs solution at 37 degrees C. Cumulative concentrat... |
7948706 | Transformation of actin-encapsulating liposomes induced by cytochalasin D. | Liposomes encapsulating actin filaments were prepared by swelling at 0 degrees C lipid film consisting of a mixture of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin (equal amounts by weight) in 100 microM rabbit skeletal muscle actin and 0.5 mM CaCl2 followed by polymerization of actin at 30 degrees C. Liposomes init... |
7948705 | Intramolecular excimer kinetics of fluorescent dipyrenyl lipids: 2. DOPE/DOPC membranes. | The intramolecular dynamics of the excimer-forming dipyrenyl lipids (DipynPE) of different chain lengths (n) in fully hydrated dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) binary mixtures was investigated by the use of frequency-domain fluorescence intensity dcay technique. Using a 3-s... |
7947227 | Osteogenesis imperfecta: from phenotype to genotype and back again. | The presumption that identification of the collagen gene mutations in OI would completely explain the phenotype is unjustified. Full understanding of this fragile bone syndrome will depend on the intelligent interpretation of both the biochemical abnormalities and the clinical features. Between these extremes there is ... |
7938210 | Structure and conformation of photosynthetic pigments and related compounds 7. On the conformation of the methyl ester of (20-methyl-phytochlorinato)nickel(II)--a bacteriochlorophyll c model compound. | The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound 4 have been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The structure shows the typical S4-ruffled conformation observed for Ni(II) tetrapyrroles. Compared to the structure of the methyl ester of (13(2)-demethoxycarbonyl-pheophorbidato a)nickel(II), 4 sh... |
7937446 | Eosinophils in the 1990s: new perspectives on their role in health and disease. | Eosinophils are characterized by their unique crystalloid granules that contain four basic proteins--MBP, ECP, EDN and EPO. The cell has many common features with neutrophils but, unlike that cell type, eosinophils utilize VLA-4/VCAM-1 as an adherence pathway and have a number of other receptors not shared by neutrophi... |
7920708 | Expression of a maize proteinase inhibitor gene is induced in response to wounding and fungal infection: systemic wound-response of a monocot gene. | The isolation and characterization of cDNA and genomic clones encoding a proteinase inhibitor protein (MPI) in maize is reported. Accumulation of the MPI mRNA is induced in response to fungal infection in germinating maize embryos. The expression pattern of the MPI gene, in healthy and fungal infected maize tissues, wa... |
7765263 | The blind watchmaker and rational protein engineering. | In the present review some scientific areas of key importance for protein engineering are discussed, such as problems involved in deducting protein sequence from DNA sequence (due to posttranscriptional editing, splicing and posttranslational modifications), modelling of protein structures by homology, NMR of large pro... |
8080445 | Characterization of adenosine receptors in intact cultured heart cells. | Adenosine receptors were studied on heart cells grown in cultures by the radioligand binding technique. We used the hydrophilic A1 adenosine receptor radioligand [3H]-8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine ([3H]CPX), to monitor the level of the receptors on intact cardiocytes. The binding showed high affinity (Kd = 0.13 nM... |
7811325 | An arcane role of DNA in transcription activation. | The mechanism by which the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) activates transcription has been investigated using the lac promoter of Escherichia coli. For transcription activation, an interaction between DNA-bound CRP and RNA polymerase is not sufficient. CRP must bind to a site in the same DNA and close to the promoter. CRP... |
8078769 | DNA binding and bending properties of the post-meiotically expressed Sry-related protein Sox-5. | Sox-5 is one of a family of genes which show homology to the HMG box region of the testis determining gene SRY. We have used indirect immunofluorescence to show that Sox-5 protein is localized to the nucleus of post-meiotic round spermatids in the mouse testis. In vitro footprinting and gel retardation assays demonstra... |
8078762 | Probing specific molecular conformations with the scanning force microscope. Complexes of plasmid DNA and anti-Z-DNA antibodies. | An anti-Z-DNA IgG antibody was used to probe for the left-handed Z-DNA conformation of a d(CG)11 insert in a negatively supercoiled plasmid DNA (pAN022). The complexes were spread on mica in the presence of a quaternary ammonium detergent benzyldimethylalkylammonium chloride and imaged with a scanning force microscope ... |
8074705 | A selective agonist affinity label for A3 adenosine receptors. | A newly synthesized, chemically reactive adenosine derivative, N6-(3-isothiocyanatobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide, was found to bind selectively to A3 receptors. Ki values for this isothiocyanate derivative in competition binding at rat brain A1, A2a, and A3 receptors were 145, 272 and 10.0 nM, respectively. A p... |
8070417 | A mutational analysis of the two motifs common to adenine methyltransferases. | All methyltransferases that use S-adenosyl methionine as the methyl group donor contain a sequence similar to (D/E/S)XFXGXG which has been postulated to form part of the cofactor binding site. In N6-adenine DNA methyltransferases there is a second motif, (D/N)PP(Y/F), which has been proposed to play a role similar to t... |
8070402 | Two non-contiguous regions contribute to nidogen binding to a single EGF-like motif of the laminin gamma 1 chain. | High affinity binding of nidogen to laminin is mediated by an EGF-like repeat gamma 1III4 of the mouse laminin gamma 1 chain and has now been restricted to two short noncontiguous regions of its 56 residue sequence by use of synthetic peptides and recombinant mutants. Disulfide loop a,b of the repeat and a modified loo... |
8070399 | Kex2-dependent invertase secretion as a tool to study the targeting of transmembrane proteins which are involved in ER-->Golgi transport in yeast. | Mutants were isolated that are defective in the retention of a transmembrane protein in the early secretory compartments in yeast. A series of hybrid proteins was tested for their use in the selection of such mutants. Each of these hybrid proteins consisted of a type II transmembrane protein (Nin/Cout) and invertase (S... |
8068715 | Specificity in protein-ligand interactions: a model from estrone-antiserum binding. | The specificity of protein-ligand interactions has been investigated using the binding of structurally related steroids to a polyclonal anti-estrone antiserum as a model. The cross-reaction profile of the native antiserum was compared with profiles obtained for the same antiserum preparation following affinity separati... |
8068665 | Crystal structure of a DNA duplex containing 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine-adenine base pairs. | The crystal structure of the oligonucleotide d(CGCAAATTO8GGCG), containing the chemically modified base 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine (O8G), has been determined at 2.5-A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 16.8%. The B-type DNA helix contains standard Watson-Crick base pairs except at the mismatch sites, w... |
8068022 | Glomerular mesangial cells in vitro synthesize an aggregating proteoglycan immunologically related to versican. | Recent studies have shown that mesangial cells derived from human adult glomeruli synthesize a number of 35S-labelled proteoglycans including a large chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG), two dermatan sulphate proteoglycans (biglycan and decorin) and two heparan sulphate proteoglycans [Thomas, Mason and Davies (199... |
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