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7756980 | A revised set of potentials for beta-turn formation in proteins. | Three thousand eight hundred ninety-nine beta-turns have been identified and classified using a nonhomologous data set of 205 protein chains. These were used to derive beta-turn positional potentials for turn types I' and II' for the first time and to provide updated potentials for formation of the more common types I,... |
7738602 | Extended electron distributions applied to the molecular mechanics of some intermolecular interactions. | Extended electron distributions (XEDs) have been added to the molecular mechanics Coulombic term and applied to a selection of intermolecular interactions. The results from this approach have been compared with the commonly used atom-centred charges and more rigorous AM1-derived natural atom orbital point densities. Th... |
7736345 | The role of stomachal digestion on the pharmacological activity of plant extracts, using as an example extracts of Harpagophytum procumbens. | Various researchers have described anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts of devil's-claw (Harpagophytum procumbens DC.). In this study the extent of the anti-inflammatory activity of an aqueous extract prepared from cryoground fresh plant and administered intraperitoneally, per os (by gavage), and intraduodena... |
7734842 | Characterization of ganglioside associated with the thyrotrophin receptor. | The receptor protein for thyrotrophin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) is associated with a glycosphingolipid moiety. The protein belongs to the family of receptors that couple to guanine nucleotide binding proteins; the glycosphingolipid contains sialic acid and belongs to the family of gangliosides. This report def... |
7734154 | Separate regulation of a membrane protein, gp130, present in receptor complex specific for interleukin-6 and other functionally related cytokines. | In addition to specific ligand binding elements, receptor assembly for interleukin(IL)-6, oncostatin-M, leukaemia inhibitory factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor and IL-11 includes an additional unit, gp130. This molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 130 kDa. In this paper, reviewing molecular, biochemical and fun... |
7734153 | Immunoglobulin-like domain is present in the extracellular part of the receptor tyrosine kinase from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium. | We have isolated and characterized two cDNAs from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium coding for a new member of a receptor tyrosine kinase of class II. The deduced amino acid sequence shows two characteristic domains: (i) the tyrosine kinase domain; and (ii) an immunoglobulin-like domain. The latter part shows high homo... |
7734152 | Binding of malate dehydrogenase and NADH channelling to complex I. | As previously reported, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) binds to purified complex I of the electron transport system. With conditions used in previous reports, MDH binds even more extensively, but probably predominantly non-specifically, to the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane of submitochondria... |
7734151 | Specificity in the recognition of crystals by antibodies. | We show that IgG molecules isolated from the serum of rabbits injected with crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate, magnesium urate octahydrate and allopurinol, can each catalyze the nucleation of the same type of crystal to which they were exposed. These results generalize previous findings related to monosodium ura... |
7734150 | Receptor interactions of the position 4 side chains of angiotensin II analogues: importance of aromatic ring quadrupole. | A triad of interacting groups (TyrOH-His-O2C) in angiotensin II (ANG II) has been postulated to create the tyrosinate anion pharmacophore (tyanophore) responsible for receptor activation/triggering (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1991, 1065, 21). In the present study we investigated the effects on bioactivity of substituting t... |
7734149 | Computer modelling of kappa carrageenan-mannan interactions. | Molecular modelling has been used as a theoretical approach to investigate the kappa carrageenan structure and its interactions with mannan chains. Calculations revealed the existence of six minima for the kappa carrageenan structure in solution. Two of them were very close to the structure found in the solid state. Th... |
7731951 | Hydrophobic docking: a proposed enhancement to molecular recognition techniques. | In the classical procedures for predicting the structure of protein complexes two molecules are brought in contact at multiple relative positions, the extent of complementarity (geometric and/or energy) at the surface of contact is assessed at each position, and the best fits are retrieved. In view of the higher occurr... |
7720003 | [Immunoelectronmicroscopic study of fibronectin in Kupffer's cell in rats with multiple organ failure]. | This essay studied the content and distribution of Fibronectin (Fn) in Kupffer's cells in rats with multiple organ failure (MOF) with the immunoelectronmicroscopy technique. The results revealed that there was a significant increase in Fn level in plasma and the amount of immunogold particles in Kupffer's cells during ... |
7535906 | Presynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors modulate in vivo release and metabolism of striatal dopamine, noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine: involvement of both NMDA and AMPA/kainate subtypes. | In order to explore further the presynaptic modulation of monoamine release by glutamatergic nerve fibers, we investigated the effects of selective agonists for ionotropic glutamate (GLU) receptors on striatal release of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). In the striatum of anesthetized S... |
7703859 | A structural comparison of 21 inhibitor complexes of the aspartic proteinase from Endothia parasitica. | The aspartic proteinases are an important family of enzymes associated with several pathological conditions such as hypertension (renin), gastric ulcers (pepsin), neoplastic disease (cathepsins D and E), and AIDS (HIV proteinase). Studies of inhibitor binding are therefore of great importance for design of novel inhibi... |
7703848 | Kinetics and crystal structure of a mutant Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (Asp-369-->Asn): a mechanism involving one zinc per active site. | Using site-directed mutagenesis, an aspartate side chain involved in binding metal ions in the active site of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (Asp-369) was replaced, alternately, by asparagine (D369N) and by alanine (D369A). The purified mutant enzymes showed reduced turnover rates (kcat) and increased Michaelis ... |
7699007 | Differential localization of myosin-II isozymes in human cultured cells and blood cells. | We used purified polyclonal antibodies to human cytoplasmic myosin-IIA and myosin-IIB directly labeled with fluorescent dyes to localize these myosin-II isozymes in HeLa cells, melanoma cells and blood cells. Both antibodies react strongly with myosin-II isozymes in HeLa cells, melanoma cells and blood eosinophils, but... |
7698077 | The mechanism of dioxin toxicity: relationship to risk assessment. | Risk characterization involves hazard identification, determination of dose-response relationships, and exposure assessment. Improvement of the risk assessment process requires inclusion of the best available science. Recent findings in the area of dioxin toxicity have led to a major effort to reassess its risk. 2,3,7,... |
7888727 | Interaction of carboxymethyl-gamma-cyclodextrin with anticancer drugs studied by charge-transfer thin-layer chromatography. | The interaction between 22 anticancer drugs and carboxymethyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (CM-gamma-CD) was studied by reversed-phase charge-transfer thin-layer chromatography and the relative strength of interaction was calculated. CM-gamma-CD formed inclusion complexes with 11 compounds, the complex always being more hydrophi... |
7887019 | Stabilization and enhancement of interleukin-2 in vitro bioactivity by new carriers: supramolecular biovectors. | Human recombinant interleukin-2 can be associated and released from supramolecular biovectors (SMBVs), consisting of particles made of polymerized polysaccharides. The particles are substituted with phosphate residues and contain bound lipid molecules (palmitic acid) buried near their surfaces. The association of IL-2 ... |
7881906 | Mechanistic implications and family relationships from the structure of dethiobiotin synthetase. | <h4>Background</h4>Biotin is the vitamin essential for many biological carboxylation reactions, such as the conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to malonyl-CoA in fatty acid biosynthesis. Dethiobiotin synthetase (DTBS) facilitates the penultimate, ureido ring closure in biotin synthesis, which is a non-biotin-dependen... |
7876827 | Effects of voltage perturbation of the lingual receptive field on chorda tympani responses to Na+ and K+ salts in the rat: implications for gustatory transduction. | Taste sensory responses from the chorda tympani nerve of the rat were recorded with the lingual receptive field under current or voltage clamp. Consistent with previous results (Ye, Q., G. L. Heck, and J. A. DeSimone. 1993. Journal of Neurophysiology. 70:167-178), responses to NaCl were highly sensitive to lingual volt... |
7876320 | Mesenchymal stem cells in bone development, bone repair, and skeletal regeneration therapy. | Bone formation in the embryo, and during adult fracture repair and remodeling, involves the progeny of a small number of cells called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells continuously replicate themselves, while a portion become committed to mesenchymal cell lineages such as bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, and... |
7533006 | [Regulation of catalytic activity and supramolecular structure of angiotensin-converting enzyme in reversed micelles of aerosol OT in octane]. | Regulation of the catalytic activity and the supramolecular structure of the angiotensin-converting enzyme isolated from bovine lungs has been studied in a system of reversed micelles of aerosol OT (AOT) in octane. The curve for the dependence of the enzyme catalytic activity on the degree of the surfactant hydration (... |
7872947 | [Lectin-based therapy applications from the laboratory to practice]. | Thorough analysis of the principles of molecular recognition is the basis for rational development of clinical applications. Currently, our knowledge is expanding, how biological information is encoded in a language of carbohydrate moieties, constituting the glycopart of cellular glycoconjugates. Carbohydrate-binding p... |
7872746 | In vitro activity of a new antifungal triazole, D0870, against Candida albicans isolates from oral cavities of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | We investigated the in vitro activity of a new antifungal triazole, D0870, against 100 Candida albicans isolates from the oral cavities of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus by using a broth macrodilution method following the recommendations provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory St... |
7866550 | Simultaneous determination of urinary creatinine, calcium and other inorganic cations by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect ultraviolet detection. | A method for the rapid analysis of calcium and creatinine in urine has been developed using capillary zone electrophoresis without sample pretreatment other than dilution. Cations of NH3, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Li, Ba and creatinine in human urine samples could be separated within 7 min. Background electrolyte (BGE) was compos... |
7863584 | Fatty acid-mediated gastroprotection does not correlate with prostaglandin elevation in rats exposed to various chemical insults. | This study involved a comparison of activity of several long-chain fatty acids (arachidonic acid, dihomo-[gamma]-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid) for protection against gastric mucosal damage elicited by taurocholic acid, acidified aspirin, and ethanol in rats. Each damaging agent induced gastric mucosal ... |
7859332 | Characterization of the inclusion mode of beta-cyclodextrin sulfate and its effect on the chlorpromazine-induced hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes. | The inclusion mode of beta-cyclodextrin sulfate (beta-CyD-sul) with a cationic drug, chlorpromazine, was investigated, and the effect of beta-CyD-sul on the hemolytic activity of chlorpromazine was compared with that of parent beta-CyD. The interaction of beta-CyD-sul with chlorpromazine was weaker than that of parent ... |
7852574 | Use of an ATP bioluminescent assay to evaluate viability of Pneumocystis carinii from rats. | A bioluminescent assay which employs the luciferin-luciferase ATP-dependent reaction was used to evaluate the viability of populations of Pneumocystis carinii derived from infected rat lungs. Contamination with host cells was reduced by a purification method which involved a combination of low- and high-speed centrifug... |
7834224 | Human corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene (CRHR) is located on the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q12-qter). | Using polymerase chain reaction amplification of commercially available DNA templates, we have mapped the human corticotropin-c releasing hormone receptor gene (CRHR) to the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q12-qter). |
7834223 | The arrangement and transcription of telomere DNA sequences at the ends of lampbrush chromosomes of birds. | The arrangement of loops and chromomeres at the ends of lampbrush chromosomes in four species of bird is described with reference to chromomeres, loops and transcription units. Unlike the situation described in lampbrush chromosomes of amphibians, the lampbrush chromosomes of birds end in a terminal chromosome with con... |
7834222 | Functional cloning of centromere protein B (CENP-B) box-enriched alphoid DNA repeats utilizing the sequence-specific DNA binding activity of human CENP-B in vitro. | The centromere is a distinctive portion of the chromosome consisting of 'centromere DNA' and 'centromere proteins'. Recently, a direct molecular interaction was discovered between human centromere protein B (CENP-B) and human centromeric alphoid repeats. This enabled us to isolate the CENP-B-targeted centromeric DNA se... |
7834221 | XY chromosome behaviour in the germ-line of the human male: a FISH analysis of spatial orientation, chromatin condensation and pairing. | We have used multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization to study the behaviour of the X and Y chromosomes in relation to a representative autosome, chromosome 1, on air-dried testicular preparations from normal fertile human males. In a proportion of Sertoli cells at interphase as well as spermatogonial metaphases ... |
7834220 | Condensation behaviour of the human X chromosome in male germ cells and Sertoli cells examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | The chromatin condensation behaviour of the human X chromosome has been studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in germ cells and Sertoli cells of the adult testis, and comparisons are made with previous findings for the human Y chromosome and for chromosome 7. In meiotic prophase, the X chromosom... |
7530578 | Sister chromatid differentiation in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-substituted chromosomes: a study with DNA-specific ligands and monoclonal antibody to histone H2B. | Human and Chinese hamster chromosomes were obtained from cells grown in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for (a) one replicative round, (b) two replicative rounds, (c) one replicative round followed by another round in thymidine and (d) the last period of synthetic phase. Untreated chromosomes and chromosomes... |
7834219 | Physical and genetic mapping of human chromosome 3 loci containing microsatellite repeats. | One hundred and six microsatellite repeat-containing loci, including 59 CA-containing repeats from the CEPH/Genethon collection, were regionally assigned on human chromosome 3 using a somatic cell hybrid mapping panel, diving the chromosome into 14 intervals. The others were dinucleotide and tetranucleotide repeat-cont... |
7810905 | Use of cyclodextrins for prepurification of progesterone and testosterone from human serum prior to determination with isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. | A new application of cyclodextrins is presented, being their use for sample purification. This new application is exemplified with a method for the determination of progesterone and testosterone in human serum based on isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The whole procedure consists of a traditional ... |
7810901 | Chiral resolution of cationic drugs of forensic interest by capillary electrophoresis with mixtures of neutral and anionic cyclodextrins. | Chiral resolution of a number of cationic drugs of forensic interest (amphetamine, methamphetamine, cathinone, methcathinone, cathine, cocaine, propoxyphene, and various alpha-hydroxyphenethylamines) is achieved via capillary electrophoresis (CE) with added cyclodextrins (CDs), including novel mixtures of neutral and a... |
7993082 | Analysis of the raw starch-binding domain by mutation of a glucoamylase from Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Carboxy-terminal deletions were introduced into the raw starch-binding domain (A-515 to R-615) encoded by the gene for glucoamylase I (GAI) from Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi. Genes coding for proteins designated GA596 (A-1 to E-596), GA570 (A-1 to A-570), and GA559 (A-1 to N-559) were constructed and resulted in tr... |
7986821 | Bile acid derived HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. | The target organ for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to decrease cholesterol biosynthesis in hypercholesterolemic patients is the liver. Since bile acids undergo an enterohepatic circulation showing a strict organotropism for the liver and the small intestine, the structural elements of an inhibitor for HMG-CoA reductase ... |
7986810 | Spin label EPR study of lipid solvation of supramolecular photosynthetic protein complexes in thylakoids. | Lipid-protein association in the chloroplast membrane and its various thylakoid fractions from higher plants, namely pea and maize, rich in Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII), respectively, were studied using EPR spectroscopy of spin-labelled lipid molecules. All the EPR spectra consisted of two spectral com... |
7984427 | The presence of both negative and positive elements in the 5'-flanking sequence of the rat Na,K-ATPase alpha 3 subunit gene are required for brain expression in transgenic mice. | The Na,K-ATPase is an integral plasma membrane protein consisting of alpha and beta subunits, each of which has discrete isoforms expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Of the three functional alpha isoform genes, the one encoding the alpha 3 isoform is the most tissue-restricted in its expression, being found primaril... |
7984418 | Improved biological activity of antisense oligonucleotides conjugated to a fusogenic peptide. | Recently several groups reported a dramatic improvement of reporter gene transfection efficiency using a fusogenic peptide, derived from the Influenza hemagglutinin envelop protein. This peptide changes conformation at acidic pH and destabilizes the endosomal membranes thus resulting in an increased cytoplasmic gene de... |
7978686 | Management of major hepatic trauma involving interhospital transfer. | A recent 10-year experience with major liver trauma at the Maine Medical Center was reviewed in order to examine treatment options involving interhospital transfer in the management of major liver trauma in rural areas. Liver injuries of at least Grade III by the systems of Moore or Mirvis were included, except for pat... |
7978412 | A comparison of two formulations for etomidate, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and propylene glycol. | The unphysiologic osmolality of commercial preparations of etomidate dissolved in propylene glycol has limited its use as a drug to induce anesthesia. We wanted to determine whether hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) is a more suitable solvent than propylene glycol by comparing pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, a... |
7526693 | Mallory body filaments become insoluble after normal assembly into intermediate filaments. | The deposition of 8-to-10-nm filaments into inclusion bodies is a fundamental cellular change that occurs in several degenerative processes of many tissues. However, little is known about the pathological filaments including whether the filaments assemble by the same mechanisms that govern the assembly of normal interm... |
7972052 | The emergence of mass spectrometry in biochemical research. | The initial steps toward routinely applying mass spectrometry in the biochemical laboratory have been achieved. In the past, mass spectrometry was confined to the realm of small, relatively stable molecules; large or thermally labile molecules did not survive the desorption and ionization processes intact. Electrospray... |
7972031 | Isoform-specific interactions of apolipoprotein E with microtubule-associated protein tau: implications for Alzheimer disease. | The apolipoprotein E (apoE) type 4 allele (APOE4) is a susceptibility gene for late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease. ApoE is found in some neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons, one of the major pathologic hallmarks of the disease. Neurofibrillary tangles contain paired helical filaments formed from hype... |
7972026 | Centrally active modulators of glutamate receptors facilitate the induction of long-term potentiation in vivo. | An experimental drug, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)piperidine, that facilitates glutamatergic transmission in brain after systemic administration was tested for its effects on the induction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus of rats. Intraperitoneal injections of the drug markedly increased the degree and ... |
7972017 | Length-encoded multiplex binding site determination: application to zinc finger proteins. | The screening of combinatorial libraries is becoming a powerful method for identifying or refining the structures of ligands for binding proteins, enzymes, and other receptors. We describe an oligonucleotide library search procedure in which the identity of each member is encoded in the length of oligonucleotides. This... |
7972011 | Spatially controlled adhesion, spreading, and differentiation of endothelial cells on self-assembled molecular monolayers. | Chemically modified glass substrates were used to demonstrate differential adhesion, growth, and differentiation of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were examined for adhesion and growth on glass, glass treated with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (EDA), or EDA with a subsequent treatment with physi... |
7971962 | Tagged versus untagged libraries: methods for the generation and screening of combinatorial chemical libraries. | Over the past two decades the pharmaceutical industry has been driven by the biological sciences. The discovery and description of the biological mechanisms that underlie disease states accompanied by an unraveling of these mechanisms has provided drug, and more recently biotechnological, companies with a barrage of ne... |
7969623 | [Multiple trauma in children younger than 16 years; a retrospective study over the 1984-1991 period]. | <h4>Objective</h4>Evaluation of incidence, treatment and outcome of multiple injuries in children and adults.<h4>Method</h4>All patients aged 16 years or under with an Injury Severity Score of 18 or more admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between 1984 and 1991, were retrospectively studied. Type and severity of injuri... |
7966162 | Selective ligands for rat A3 adenosine receptors: structure-activity relationships of 1,3-dialkylxanthine 7-riboside derivatives. | 1,3-Dibutylxanthine 7-riboside has been found to be a partial agonist at A3 adenosine receptors (van Galen et al. Mol. Pharmacol. 1994, 45, 1101-1111). 1,3-Dialkylxanthine 7-riboside analogues modified at the 1-, 3-, and 8-purine positions and at the ribose 5'-position were synthesized. The nucleoside analogues were ex... |
7965202 | Fermentable polysaccharides that enhance fecal bile acid excretion lower plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotein E-rich HDL in rats. | The effect of different polysaccharides fermented in the large intestine and liable to lower plasma cholesterol was investigated in rats. Male rats were assigned to one of five treatment groups: control diet or a diet containing pectin, guar gum, gum arabic or beta-cyclodextrin. The four compounds were effectively ferm... |
7525843 | Thymic selection and adaptability of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in transgenic mice expressing a viral protein in the thymus. | Upon primary challenge with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), H-2d (BALB/cByJ) mice mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to a single immunodominant domain of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) but no detectable response to the viral glycoprotein (GP). To manipulate this CTL response, the viral NP gene was e... |
7962054 | Golgi spectrin: identification of an erythroid beta-spectrin homolog associated with the Golgi complex. | Spectrin is a major component of a membrane-associated cytoskeleton involved in the maintenance of membrane structural integrity and the generation of functionally distinct membrane protein domains. Here, we show that a homolog of erythrocyte beta-spectrin (beta I sigma*) co-localizes with markers of the Golgi complex ... |
7962047 | Human CENP-A contains a histone H3 related histone fold domain that is required for targeting to the centromere. | Centromeres are the differentiated chromosomal domains that specify the mitotic behavior of chromosomes. To examine the molecular basis for the specification of centromeric chromatin, we have cloned a human cDNA that encodes the 17-kD histone-like centromere antigen, CENP-A. Two domains are evident in the 140 aa CENP-A... |
7961799 | Surfactant properties of Alzheimer's A beta peptides and the mechanism of amyloid aggregation. | The major proteinaceous component of amyloid deposits associated with Alzheimer's disease is a self-assembling 40-42-residue peptide, known as A beta, which is generated by the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (Kang, J., Lemaire, H. G., Unterbeck, A., Salbaum, J. M., Masters, C. L., Grzeschik, K.... |
7961474 | Atomic composition of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane sides of self-assembled SC3p hydrophobin. | The hydrophobin SC3p of Schizophyllum commune self-assembles into a 10-nm-thick amphipathic membrane at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the hydrophobic membrane side of SC3p, assembled in vitro, showed an atomic composition similar to the calculated composition of SC3p when glyco... |
7525287 | Binding of purified collagen receptors (alpha 1 beta 1, alpha 2 beta 1) and RGD-dependent integrins to laminins and laminin fragments. | Integrins alpha 1 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1 when purified by collagen affinity chromatography, showed distinct binding to mouse tumor laminin-1, which has the chain composition alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 1. The binding was, however, about 10-fold lower than to collagen IV. Only little (alpha 1 beta 1) or no binding (alpha 2 ... |
7957099 | Detecting the ability of viral, bacterial and eukaryotic replication proteins to track along DNA. | The phage T4 gene 45 protein (gp45), Escherichia coli beta and the eukaryotic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) function in replication as processivity factors of their corresponding DNA polymerases. The T4 gp45 also functions as the transcriptional activator that connects expression of viral late genes to DNA ... |
7957096 | The affinity-selection of a minibody polypeptide inhibitor of human interleukin-6. | A major challenge in basic and applied biological research is the engineering of small proteins with pre-determined structures and novel functions. In a limited number of cases, this has been achieved by de novo design. An alternative combinatorial approach is based on the construction of large libraries of random pept... |
7947988 | Site-directed mutagenesis of human ferrochelatase: identification of histidine-263 as a binding site for metal ions. | In nature, ferrochelatase catalyzes the insertion of ferrous ion into the porphyrin macrocycle of protoporphyrin IX to exclude two protons to form protoheme IX: other porphyrin substrates, including mesoporphyrin IX may be used in vitro. Based on the deduced amino-acid sequences, one histidine residue (H263 of human en... |
7947819 | Lipid transfer between small unilamellar vesicles and single bilayers on a solid support: self-assembly of supported bilayers with asymmetric lipid distribution. | The transfer of lipids between small unilamellar vesicles of either dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), or dioctadecyl diammonium bromide (DODAB) and a single bilayer on a solid support of chain perdeuterated DMPC-d54 has been studied by time-resolved ATR infrared spectroscopy... |
7933151 | Expression and purification of recombinant polyomavirus VP2 protein and its interactions with polyomavirus proteins. | Recombinant polyomavirus VP2 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (RK1448), using the recombinant expression system pFPYV2. Recombinant VP2 was purified to near homogeneity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electroelution, and Extracti-Gel chromatography. Polyclonal serum to this protei... |
7933150 | A transcriptionally controlled trans-processing assay: putative identification of a vaccinia virus-encoded proteinase which cleaves precursor protein P25K. | Vaccinia virus maturation into infectious particles appears to be dependent on the proteolytic processing of at least five viral proteins, each containing a conserved AG*X cleavage motif and each requiring proper association with the previrion particle. To identify the responsible proteinase, a transcriptionally contro... |
7523700 | Neutralization of bovine papillomavirus by antibodies to L1 and L2 capsid proteins. | We have generated four mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to bovine papillomavirus virions that bound type-specific, adjacent, and conformationally dependent epitopes on the L1 major capsid protein. All four MAbs were neutralizing at ratios of 1 MAb molecule per 5 to 25 L1 molecules, but only three effectively blocked ... |
7933132 | Tissue-mediated selection of viral variants: correlation between glycoprotein mutation and growth in neuronal cells. | Viral variants with different biological properties predominate in the central nervous system (CNS) and lymphoid tissues of carrier mice infected at birth with the Armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. The CNS isolates have the same phenotype as the parental strain and cause acute infections in adult ... |
7933130 | Genetic differences between blood- and brain-derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain-derived sequences. | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences were generated from blood and from brain tissue obtained by stereotactic biopsy from six patients undergoing a diagnostic neurosurgical procedure. Proviral DNA was directly amplified by nested PCR, and 8 to 36 clones from each sample were sequenced. Phylogenetic ana... |
7933122 | Membrane-binding domains and cytopathogenesis of the matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. | The membrane-binding affinity of the matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was examined by comparing the cellular distribution of wild-type (wt) virus M protein with that of temperature-sensitive (ts) and deletion mutants probed by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining and fractionation of infected or... |
7933109 | Interaction of papillomaviruses with the cell surface. | To initiate an investigation of the initial step in papillomavirus infection, we have examined the interaction of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) virions with C127 cells by two assays, binding of radioiodinated BPV virions to cell monolayers and BPV-induced focal transformation. Under physiological conditions, the l... |
7933086 | A late adenovirus factor induces eIF-4E dephosphorylation and inhibition of cell protein synthesis. | Adenovirus prevents host cell protein synthesis during its late phase of replication in large part by causing the underphosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF-4E, a component of initiation factor eIF-4F (cap-binding protein complex). Late adenovirus mRNAs are preferentially translated because they possess ... |
7933085 | Template-dependent, in vitro replication of rotavirus RNA. | A template-dependent, in vitro rotavirus RNA replication system was established. The system initiated and synthesized full-length double-stranded RNAs on rotavirus positive-sense template RNAs. Native rotavirus mRNAs or in vitro transcripts, with bona fide 3' and 5' termini, derived from rotavirus cDNAs functioned as t... |
7933083 | Direct interactions between autoantigen La and human immunodeficiency virus leader RNA. | We have characterized the in vivo and in vitro binding of human La protein to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leader RNA, the trans-activation response element (TAR). In immunoprecipitation studies using anti-La serum, La-TAR ribonucleoproteins were recovered from HIV-1-infected lymphocytes. Further cha... |
7933077 | Low-affinity E2-binding site mediates downmodulation of E2 transactivation of the human papillomavirus type 8 late promoter. | The constitutively active promoter P7535 of the epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus type 8 (HPV8) is transactivated by the viral E2 protein. The distribution of potential E2-binding sites (ACCN6GGT) in the viral transcription control region is highly conserved among epidermodysplasia verruci... |
7933066 | Mutually exclusive interaction of the adenovirus E4-6/7 protein and the retinoblastoma gene product with internal domains of E2F-1 and DP-1. | The binding of E2F to the adenovirus (Ad) E2a promoter is stimulated by the Ad E4-6/7 protein. E2F DNA binding activity is composed of a heterodimer of related but distinct proteins of the E2F-1 and DP-1 families. The E4-6/7 protein induces the cooperative and stable binding of E2F to an inverted repeat binding site in... |
17810265 | Encapsulation of guest molecules into a dendritic box. | Dendrimers are well-defined, highly branched macromolecules that emanate from a central core and are synthesized through a stepwise, repetitive reaction sequence. The synthesis and characterization of dendritic boxes, based on the construction of a chiral shell of protected amino acids onto poly(propyleneimine) dendrim... |
17810263 | Self-Assembly of n-Alkyl Thiols as Disulfides on Au(111). | A grazing incidence x-ray diffraction study of CH(3)(CH(2))(9)SH self-assembled on the (111) surface of gold revealed a disulfide head group structure, which provides a context in which to understand the structure and self-assembly process of this widely studied system. The structure consists of a nearly hexagonal two-... |
16349451 | Alteration of Substrate Specificity and Optimum pH of Sarcosine Oxidase by Random and Site-Directed Mutagenesis. | The sarcosine oxidase gene was randomly mutated, and F103V, which showed altered specificity, was screened with the plate assay. Five different mutants at position 103 were also constructed. Each mutant exhibited a rather striking change in substrate specificity, except for F103W. The optimum pH was also shifted, depen... |
9492762 | Supramolecular order within the lens: 1H NMR spectroscopic evidence for specific crystallin-crystallin interactions. | alpha-, beta- and gamma-crystallins from bovine lens contain flexible terminal extensions which are readily observed by NMR spectroscopy. By monitoring these resonances, NMR spectroscopy therefore offers a means of examining specific protein-protein interactions in crystallin mixtures. In this paper, a 1H NMR spectrosc... |
8790600 | The evolutionarily conserved ribosomal protein L23 and the cationic urease beta-subunit of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 belong to the immunodominant antigens in Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis: implications for autoimmunity. | <h4>Background</h4>Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a T cell mediated inflammatory process. The immune response is primarily directed against a triggering organism, although autoimmunity has been invoked in long-lasting, antibiotic-resistant disease. Although a variety of different species are known to trigger Reactive arth... |
7757411 | Synthetic carbohydrate vaccines: synthesis and immunogenicity of Tn antigen conjugates. | A tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, Tn antigen (GalNAc alpha 1-->O-Ser), was synthesized with a spacer arm, and assembled to dimeric and trimeric structures using N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha- D-galactopyranosyl)-L-serine as a key building block. The synthetic antigens we... |
7702779 | Role of electrostatics in antibody-antigen association: anti-hen egg lysozyme/lysozyme complex (HyHEL-5/HEL). | A recently developed multigrid-based Newton method for solving the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation is applied in an investigation of molecular recognition in the system consisting of the monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5 and hen egg lysozyme. The electrostatic free energy of binding is calculated for the wild-type compl... |
7899135 | Regulation of proteoglycan expression in fibrotic liver and cultured fat-storing cells. | Considerable progress has been made in recent years with the molecular dissection of proteoglycans in normal and fibrotic human and rat liver. Proteoglycans constitute a major fraction of extracellular, pericellular and intracellular glycoconjugates. In former times, proteoglycans were classified nearly exclusively on ... |
7895726 | Chiral separation of diniconazole, uniconazole and structurally related compounds by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. | Enantiomeric separation of the structural analogs, diniconazole and uniconazole, can be achieved by cyclodextrin (CD)-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The elution behavior of other structurally related compounds was therefore investigated and compared with that in high-performance liquid chromato... |
7895714 | Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with in situ charged micelles: 3. Evaluation of alkylglucoside surfactants as anionic butylboronate complexes. | This article represents an extension to a new approach introduced very recently by our laboratory for the control of the surface charge density as well as the hydrophobic character of micellar phases used in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). The approach is based on the complexation of polyolic s... |
7876359 | Supramolecular assemblies of the Ascaris suum major sperm protein (MSP) associated with amoeboid cell motility. | Sperm of the nematode, Ascaris suum, are amoeboid cells that do not require actin or myosin to crawl over solid substrata. In these cells, the role usually played by actin has been taken over by major sperm protein (MSP), which assembles into filaments that pack the sperm pseudopod. These MSP filaments are organized in... |
7876353 | Dinoflagellates have a eukaryotic nuclear matrix with lamin-like proteins and topoisomerase II. | Unicellular Dinoflagellates represent the only eukaryotic Phylum lacking histones and nucleosomes. To investigate whether Dinoflagellates do have a nuclear matrix that would modulate the supramolecular organization of their non-nucleosomal DNA and chromosomes, cells of the free-living unarmored Dinoflagellate Amphidini... |
7874443 | Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on complementary peptides. | From the original observation that the codons for the hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids on one strand of the DNA may be complemented by the codons for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids, respectively, on the complementary strand, arose the molecular recognition theory which forms the basis for much of th... |
7874438 | Complementary peptides that interfere with platelet aggregation and adherence. | This article describes the application of the molecular recognition hypothesis to the critically important process of fibrinogen binding to platelets, a process that is the subject of extensive and intensive basic and clinical research. The objectives of the studies summarized below were to design, synthesize, and char... |
7874436 | Complementary peptides as antibody mimetics for protein purification and assay. | The possibility of designing sequence-directed recognition peptides (complementary peptides) able to noncovalently associate target peptides or proteins is one of the most important biotechnological applications deriving from the molecular recognition theory [MRT]. Complementary peptides can be used widely as synthetic... |
7866512 | Determination of total dopamine, R- and S-salsolinol in human plasma by cyclodextrin bonded-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. | A reliable and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is presented for the determination of total (free and conjugated) plasma dopamine and the enantiomers R- and S-salsolinol. Plasma is purified on two cartridges, containing primary and secondary amines and phenylboronic acid. Dopamine, R- and... |
7865691 | Study of the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis in disseminated intravascular coagulation using molecular markers. | Plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) and active plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) were assayed in 66 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Significant elevation of both TAT and PIC was observed in all cases of DIC. Most elevated l... |
7855049 | Renin inhibitor: relationship between molecular structure and oral absorption. | Common problems in developing renin inhibitors are low solubility, insufficient oral absorption, and fast hepatic clearance. We focused on the molecular structure of renin inhibitors to overcome these problems. Cyclodextrins (CD) improved the low solubility of renin inhibitors, with beta-CD showing the best ability to ... |
7849604 | On the evolution of alternate core packing in eightfold beta/alpha-barrels. | Two sequence-related subfamilies of flavin-binding beta/alpha-barrels have been identified (the type I and type II proteins) that differ in the nature of residue packing in the core of the barrel domain. Similar observed differences in the packing of internal amino acid side chains in beta/alpha-barrels have previously... |
7849602 | A quantitative methodology for the de novo design of proteins. | We have developed a general quantitative methodology for designing proteins de novo, which automatically produces sequences for any given plausible protein structure. The method incorporates statistical information, a theoretical description of protein structure, and motifs described in the literature. A model system e... |
7531528 | Template-assembled melittin: structural and functional characterization of a designed, synthetic channel-forming protein. | Template-assembled proteins (TASPs) comprising 4 peptide blocks, each of either the natural melittin sequence (melittin-TASP) or of a truncated melittin sequence (amino acids 6-26, melittin6-26-TASP), C-terminally linked to a (linear or cyclic) 10-amino acid template were synthesized and characterized, structurally by ... |
7849588 | Viral cell recognition and entry. | Rhinovirus infection is initiated by the recognition of a specific cell-surface receptor. The major group of rhinovirus serotypes attach to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The attachment process initiates a series of conformational changes resulting in the loss of genomic RNA from the virion. X-ray crystall... |
7849586 | Comparison of the intermediate complexes of human growth hormone bound to the human growth hormone and prolactin receptors. | The crystal structures of complexes of human growth hormone (hGH) with the growth hormone and prolactin receptors (hGHR and hPRLR, respectively), together with the mutational data available for these systems, suggest that an extraordinary combination of conformational adaptability, together with finely tuned specificit... |
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