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8081067 | Roles of electrospray mass spectrometry, counterion distribution monitoring and N-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl) backbone protection in peptide synthesis. | The synthesis of a 36-residue fragment of HIV integrase by standard Fmoc-polyamide chemistry was unsuccessful (Trt-protected Cys) or difficult (Acm-protected Cys); after 10-12 couplings, deprotection became hindered and a major portion (30%-50%) of the growing peptide chains became inaccessible to reagents. The synthes... |
8071807 | Effect of (hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin on flux of morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, and alfentanil through the spinal meninges of monkey. | Previous studies have demonstrated that (hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin behaves as a slow-release reservoir when used as a vehicle for intrathecal administration of opioids. The goal of the current investigation was to determine if (hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin might serve as a slow-release vehicle for epidural o... |
8070800 | Selective stimulation of sacral nerve roots for bladder control: a study by computer modeling. | The aim of this study was to investigate theoretically the conditions for the activation of the detrusor muscle without activation of the urethral sphincter and afferent fibers, when stimulating the related sacral roots. Therefore, the sensitivity of excitation and blocking thresholds of nerve fibers within a sacral ro... |
8069469 | Localization of uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS) gene to river buffalo chromosomes by FISH. | Uridine monophosphate synthase plays an important role in pyrimidine synthesis, converting orotic acid to uridine 5' monophosphate. In cattle, UMPS deficiency is inherited as a monogenic autosomal recessive trait. While heterozygous carriers are phenotypically normal, homozygotes are lethal in utero (Shanks et al. 1992... |
8069468 | Human autoimmune sera recognize a conserved 26 kD protein associated with mammalian heterochromatin that is homologous to heterochromatin protein 1 of Drosophila. | Immunofluorescence indicated that autoimmune sera from certain scleroderma/CREST patients, in addition to binding to the primary constrictions or centromeres, also labelled pericentromeric heterochromatin in mouse and human metaphase chromosomes. Immunoblotting has revealed that two conserved nuclear antigens are recog... |
8069467 | Asymmetrical DNA and AT/GC base content of differential sector of Pleurodeles waltl sexual bivalent: a quantitative fluorescence imaging analysis in lampbrush chromosomes. | The mitotic Z and W sex chromosomes in Pleurodeles seem to be identical. Earlier morphological and molecular analyses of lampbrush paired chromosomes in the female meiosis showed clearly that 20% of the chromosomal length located in the middle part of the sex bivalent (bivalent IV) is heteromorphic. We investigated her... |
8069466 | The DNA rearrangement associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy involves a heterochromatin-associated repetitive element: implications for a role of chromatin structure in the pathogenesis of the disease. | Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant form of muscular dystrophy. The FSHD locus has been linked to the most distal genetic markers on the long arm of chromosome 4. Recently, a probe was identified that detects an EcoRI fragment length polymorphism which segregates with the disease in m... |
8069465 | Tenebrio obscurus satellite DNA is resistant to cleavage by restriction endonucleases in situ. | Satellite DNA from the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio obscurus, is composed of 344 bp long monomers of high AT content (68%), and represents 15% of the total DNA. In situ hybridization reveals the positions of the satellite on the pericentromeric heterochromatin of all T. obscurus chromosomes. To compare restriction enzyme ... |
8069464 | Biosystematic study of hexaploids Elymus tschimganicus and E. glaucissimus. I. Morphology and genomic constitution. | Elymus tschimganicus and E. glaucissimus are hexaploids (2n = 6x = 42) that inhabit stony slopes and swales in the middle and upper mountain belts of Central Asia. Chromosome pairing at metaphase I in E. tschimganicus and E. glaucissimus was typical of other Elymus hexaploids, averaging 20.94 and 20.98 bivalents per ce... |
8069463 | Characterization of a cosmid library from flow-sorted chromosomes 11. | A cosmid library specific for human chromosome 11 has been constructed from flow-sorted chromosomes. The flow-purified chromosomes were prepared from the hamster/human hybrid line J1 which contains chromosome 11 as the only human chromosome. Individual clones were sampled in 187 microtitre plates, resulting in a total ... |
7520813 | Differential replication of heterochromatin in polytene chromosomes of the Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae), analysed by fluorescence staining. | The distribution and replication of heterochromatin in polytene trichogen chromosomes of the Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, were studied using fluorescent staining techniques. Quinacrine and distamycin-DAPI, which selectively stain AT-rich DNA, and chromomycin, specific for GC-rich sequences, were used. ... |
8069462 | Comparison of chromosomal distribution of a retroposon (LINE) and a retrovirus-like element mys in Peromyscus maniculatus and P. leucopus. | Chromosomal distribution for two interspersed elements (LINEs and mys) that are thought to have established their chromosomal position primarily by transposition was compared between two species of deer mice (Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus). Both LINEs and mys generally produced an autosomal banding pattern ref... |
8069461 | Gene ecology: a cis-acting gene-to-gene interaction due to the spatial arrangement of genes in chromosomes affects neighbouring transfected c-H-ras expression. | A cis-acting interference between gene activities, which occurs when two genes lie on the same DNA strand and have an intergenic distance less than a defined length, was previously deduced when chromosomal organizations of various higher eukaryote nuclear genes in clusters were compared. In order to investigate such an... |
8061613 | Helix propensities of the amino acids measured in alanine-based peptides without helix-stabilizing side-chain interactions. | Helix propensities of the amino acids have been measured in alanine-based peptides in the absence of helix-stabilizing side-chain interactions. Fifty-eight peptides have been studied. A modified form of the Lifson-Roig theory for the helix-coil transition, which includes helix capping (Doig AJ, Chakrabartty A, Klingler... |
7520312 | Modeling studies of the change in conformation required for cleavage of limited proteolytic sites. | Previous analyses of limited proteolytic sites within native, folded protein structures have shown that a significant conformational change is required in order to facilitate binding into the active site of the attacking proteinase. For the serine proteinases, the optimum conformation to match the proteinase binding-si... |
8061602 | A role for surface hydrophobicity in protein-protein recognition. | The role of hydrophobicity as a determinant of protein-protein interactions is examined. Surfaces of apo-protein targets comprising 9 classes of enzymes, 7 antibody fragments, hirudin, growth hormone, and retinol-binding protein, and their associated ligands with available X-ray structures for their complexed forms, ar... |
7520293 | The structure of an integral membrane peptide: a deuterium NMR study of gramicidin. | Solid state deuterium NMR was employed on oriented multilamellar dispersions consisting of 1,2-dilauryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine and deuterium (2H) exchange-labeled gramicidin D, at a lipid to protein molar ratio (L/P) of 15:1, in order to study the dynamic structure of the channel conformation of gramicidin in... |
8061186 | Automated detection and tracking of individual and clustered cell surface low density lipoprotein receptor molecules. | We have developed a technique to detect, recognize, and track each individual low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) molecule and small receptor clusters on the surface of human skin fibroblasts. Molecular recognition and high precision (30 nm) simultaneous automatic tracking of all of the individual receptors in the... |
8061185 | Electrostatic potentials and electrostatic interaction energies of rat cytochrome b5 and a simulated anion-exchange adsorbent surface. | Electrostatic potentials were determined for the soluble tryptic core of rat cytochrome b5 (using a structure derived from homology modeling) and a simulated anion-exchange surface through application of the linearized finite-difference Poisson-Boltzmann equation with the simulation code UHBD. Objectives of this work i... |
7914206 | Restricted association between biotypes and serotypes within group A streptococci. | Investigating individual variations between different isolates of group A streptococci, we observed a close correlation between biotypes and serotypes in 46 strains from pharyngitis patients. Biotyping, carried out with a commercially available rapid identification gallery, delineated 10 different associations of chara... |
8041812 | In situ fluorescence spectroscopic studies on bovine cornea. | The cornea is a transparent ocular tissue and its transparency is thought to be a result of intramolecular interactions and the supramolecular organization of its protein constituents. We have studied the intrinsic fluorescence properties of intact bovine corneas and compared these with that of the opaque sclera. It wa... |
8039174 | A sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay for cyclomaltoheptaose and some derivatives. | Antibodies were raised against cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin), providing a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for beta-cyclodextrin and some derivatives with a detection limit of 120 pg/mL. Investigations of cross-reactivities with a wide variety of linear and cyclic maltooligosaccharides demonstrate that the ... |
8032490 | Effect of temperature on separation of norgestrel enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography. | The influence of mobile phase composition, concentration of beta-cyclodextrin and temperature on the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of norgestrel was studied. In studies of the effect of temperature on the enantioselectivity of (+/-)-norgestrel, acetonitrile-water (25:75, v/v) modified by the additi... |
8030783 | Use of a macrocyclic antibiotic, rifamycin B, and indirect detection for the resolution of racemic amino alcohols by CE. | Ansamycins are a very specific class of macrocyclic antibiotics of which the rifamycins are among the better known members. Rifamycins bind to and inhibit DNA polymerase. Rifamycin B (the most easily obtained ansamycin) is negatively charged and is shown to associate with and enantioselectively resolve several chiral a... |
8018865 | Protein engineering in the alpha-amylase family: catalytic mechanism, substrate specificity, and stability. | Most starch hydrolases and related enzymes belong to the alpha-amylase family which contains a characteristic catalytic (beta/alpha)8-barrel domain. Currently known primary structures that have sequence similarities represent 18 different specificities, including starch branching enzyme. Crystal structures have been re... |
8016180 | Formulation of diazepam containing rectal suppositories and experiences of their biopharmaceutical study. | Methodology and the results of the in vitro membrane diffusion and in vivo bioavailability studies are presented. The results confirm a correlation between in vitro and in vivo findings. Hydrophilic macrogol-mixture with great molecular mass can be recommended as the optimal vehicle for formulation of diazepam supposit... |
8013686 | Relaparotomies after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. | The outcome of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair was reviewed in 83 consecutive patients with special emphasis on the influence of subsequent laparotomy. The overall 30-day mortality was 47%. Causes of death were exsanguination in six, cardiac failure in 15, uncontrolled hypotension in six, multiple organ failu... |
8011926 | The cartilage proteoglycan aggregate: assembly through combined protein-carbohydrate and protein-protein interactions. | In vitro reassembled aggregates of cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan) were studied by glycerol spraying/rotary shadowing electron microscopy and compared to the corresponding native (i.e. never dissociated) structures. In both cases a tightly packed central filament structure was observed consisting of the hyaluronate b... |
7764905 | Engineering surface loops of proteins--a preferred strategy for obtaining new enzyme function. | A prerequisite for the rational redesign of enzymes is that altering amino acids in an attempt to obtain new biological function does not unexpectedly alter the globular, natural framework of the native protein on which the design is being executed. The results of combinatorial-mutagenesis strategies suggest that rando... |
8010668 | Starch-binding domain of Aspergillus glucoamylase-I. Interaction with beta-cyclodextrin and maltoheptaose. | The characterization is reported of two peptide fragments (SBD106 and SBD122) containing the starch-binding domain (SBD) of Aspergillus sp. glucoamylase I. The starch-binding peptides were produced in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins of the maltose-binding protein (MBP). SBD106 (11.9 kDa) and SBD122 (13.8 kDa) were ... |
8007740 | Medicinal applications of cyclodextrins. | Some cyclodextrins are produced industrially, and available in pharmaceutical quality, at reasonable prices. Their medicinal use means mainly--but not exclusively--the complexation of problematic drugs (poorly soluble, unstable, irritating, difficult to formulate substances). The CD complexation generally results in im... |
8208617 | Antisense overlapping open reading frames in genes from bacteria to humans. | Long Open Reading Frames (ORFs) in antisense DNA strands have been reported in the literature as being rare events. However, an extensive analysis of the GenBank database revealed that a substantial number of genes from several species contain an in-phase ORF in the antisense strand, that overlaps entirely the coding s... |
8207289 | [Clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the Nagasaki Rosai Hospital during the past 6 years]. | In this clinical study we tried to find out the clinical significance of positive blood cultures between Jan. 1984 and Dec. 1989 in the Nagasaki Rosai Hospital. In this period the association between the isolated bacteria from blood cultures (398 specimens: 17.9%) and clinical background were evaluated. Each year the p... |
8205025 | Cancer chemotherapy: identifying novel anticancer drugs. | There are now around 60 cytotoxic drugs licensed for use in cancer therapy in the United Kingdom. For certain malignancies such as childhood cancers, haematological malignancies, and germ cell tumours chemotherapy has been pivotal to the substantial improvement in therapeutic outcome achieved over the past 10 years. In... |
8204573 | Solution structure of horse heart ferrocytochrome c determined by high-resolution NMR and restrained simulated annealing. | A model for the solution structure of horse heart ferrocytochrome c has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with hybrid distance geometry-simulated annealing calculations. Forty-four highly refined structures were obtained using a total of 1940 distance constraints based on the observed ... |
7515570 | Both CFTR and outwardly rectifying chloride channels contribute to cAMP-stimulated whole cell chloride currents. | From whole cell patch-clamp recordings at 35 degrees C utilizing either nystatin perforation or conventional methods with 5 mM MgATP in the pipette solution, it was demonstrated that both cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride (Cl-) channels and outwardly rectifying Cl- channels (ORCC) cont... |
8202359 | Intramolecular folding of a fragment of the cytosine-rich strand of telomeric DNA into an i-motif. | In the recently discovered i-motif, four stretches of cytosine form two parallel-stranded duplexes whose C.C+ base pairs are fully intercalated. The i-motif may be recognized by characteristic Overhauser cross-peaks of the proton NMR spectrum, reflecting short H1'-H1' distances across the minor groove, and short intern... |
8197176 | Light-generated oligonucleotide arrays for rapid DNA sequence analysis. | In many areas of molecular biology there is a need to rapidly extract and analyze genetic information; however, current technologies for DNA sequence analysis are slow and labor intensive. We report here how modern photolithographic techniques can be used to facilitate sequence analysis by generating miniaturized array... |
8196046 | The linkage change of a knotting reaction catalysed by Tn3 resolvase. | Tn3 resolvase catalyses recombination between a pair of identical res sites, directly repeated on a supercoiled plasmid molecule. The normal in vitro product is a two-noded catenane. A plasmid with a single base substitution at one res site is converted to non-recombinant knots by resolvase; the first major product is ... |
7515047 | Amino acid residues lining the chloride channel of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. | The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator forms a chloride channel that is regulated by phosphorylation and intracellular ATP levels. The structure of the channel-forming domains is undetermined. To identify the residues lining this channel we substituted cysteine, one at a time, for 9 consecutive residue... |
7910795 | Deformed protein binding sites and cofactor binding sites are required for the function of a small segment-specific regulatory element in Drosophila embryos. | How each of the homeotic selector proteins can regulate distinct sets of DNA target elements in embryos is not understood. Here we describe a detailed functional dissection of a small element that is specifically regulated by the Deformed homeotic protein. This 120 bp element (module E) is part of a larger 2.7 kb autor... |
8194515 | Crystal structure of a human rhinovirus neutralizing antibody complexed with a peptide derived from viral capsid protein VP2. | The three-dimensional structure of the complex between the Fab fragment of an anti-human rhinovirus neutralizing antibody (8F5) and a cross-reactive synthetic peptide from the viral capsid protein VP2 has been determined at 2.5 A resolution by crystallographic methods. The refinement is presently at an R factor of 0.18... |
8192660 | Effect of cyclodextrins and undigested starch on the loss of chenodeoxycholate in the faeces. | Starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine increases the elimination of chenodeoxycholate and its metabolites in the faeces of both mice and hamsters. In contrast, the elimination of cholate and its metabolites is not increased. In vitro, the affinity of starch for chenodeoxycholate is about 90-fold greater t... |
8192657 | Blue shifts in bacteriochlorophyll absorbance correlate with changed hydrogen bonding patterns in light-harvesting 2 mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides with alterations at alpha-Tyr-44 and alpha-Tyr-45. | A combination of Fourier-Transform (FT) resonance Raman spectroscopy and site-directed mutagenesis has been used to examine the function of two highly conserved aromatic residues, alpha-Tyr-44 and alpha-Tyr-45, in the light-harvesting 2 (LH2) complex of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. In LH2 compl... |
8190112 | 125I-4-aminobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine, a high affinity radioligand for the rat A3 adenosine receptor. | The rat A3 adenosine receptor (AR) is a recently characterized AR subtype cloned from testis and brain cDNA libraries. N6-2-(4-Amino-3-[125I]iodophenyl)ethyladenosine, a high affinity A1AR agonist, has served as the only radioligand available for study of the A3AR. The relatively low affinity of N6-2-(4-amino-3-[125I] ... |
8188755 | Dynamic adhesion of CD8-positive cells to antibody-coated surfaces: the initial step is independent of microfilaments and intracellular domains of cell-binding molecules. | Cell adhesion is a multistep, metabolically active process usually requiring several minutes or even hours to complete. This results in the formation of strong bonds that cannot be ruptured by mechanical forces encountered by living cells in their natural environment. However, the first seconds after contact formation ... |
8188749 | Immunofluorescence localization of the unconventional myosin, Myo2p, and the putative kinesin-related protein, Smy1p, to the same regions of polarized growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Myo2 protein (Myo2p), an unconventional myosin in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been implicated in polarized growth and secretion by studies of the temperature-sensitive myo2-66 mutant. Overexpression of Smy1p, which by sequence is a kinesin-related protein, can partially compensate for defects in the... |
8188746 | The kinetic aspects of intracellular fluorescence labeling with TMA-DPH support the maturation model for endocytosis in L929 cells. | TMA-DPH (1-(4-trimethylammonium)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene), a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe, interacts with living cells by instantaneous incorporation into the plasma membrane, where it becomes fluorescent. It then follows the intracellular constitutive membrane traffic and acts as a bulk membrane marker of ... |
8183906 | Structural similarity of a developmentally regulated bacterial spore coat protein to beta gamma-crystallins of the vertebrate eye lens. | The solution structure of Ca(2+)-loaded protein S (M(r) 18,792) from the Gram-negative soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus has been determined by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Protein S consists of four internally homologous motifs, arranged to produce two domains with a pseudo-twofold symmetry axis, o... |
8183894 | Alpha 1(XVIII), a collagen chain with frequent interruptions in the collagenous sequence, a distinct tissue distribution, and homology with type XV collagen. | We report on the isolation of mouse cDNA clones which encode a collagenous sequence designated here as the alpha 1 chain of type XVIII collagen. The overlapping clones cover 2.8 kilobases and encode an open reading frame of 928 amino acid residues comprising a putative signal peptide of 25 residues, an amino-terminal n... |
8182479 | Analysis of agonist and antagonist activities of phenylglycine derivatives for different cloned metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes. | The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) consist of at least seven different subtypes and are coupled to intracellular signal transduction via G proteins. However, the lack of specific antagonists for the mGluRs limited the precise characterization of the role of the individual mGluRs. In this study, we investigat... |
8182122 | Preferential activation of microsomal diacylglycerol/protein kinase C signaling during glucose treatment (De Novo phospholipid synthesis) of rat adipocytes. | Glucose has been reported to increase the de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) and translocate and activate protein kinase C (PKC) in rat adipocytes. Presently, we examined the major subcellular site of PKC translocation/activation in response to glucose-induced DAG. Glucose rapidly increased DAG content and PKC e... |
8181473 | Expression, purification, and substrate specificity of isocitrate dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB8. | Isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme was easily purified to homogeneity by a combination of heat treatment (70 degrees C, 20 min) and column chromatography. The N-terminal sequence of the protein thus purified coincided ... |
8180198 | Structure of the NADPH-binding motif of glutathione reductase: efficiency determined by evolution. | The role of the second glycine residue (Gly-176) of the conserved GXGXXA "fingerprint" motif in the NADPH-binding domain of Escherichia coli glutathione reductase has been studied by means of site-directed mutagenesis. This glycine residue occurs at the N-terminus of the alpha-helix in the beta alpha beta fold that cha... |
8180012 | In vivo fluorescence and photodynamic activity of zinc phthalocyanine administered in liposomes. | Zinc(II) phthalocyanine, a hydrophobic photosensitiser, was incorporated in unilamellar liposomes and studied in vivo for fluorescence kinetics and photodynamic activity. An observation chamber mounted in a dorsal skinfold of female WAG/Rij rats was used as a model system. In the chamber, an isogeneic mammary carcinoma... |
8180009 | CGP 55398, a liposomal Ge(IV) phthalocyanine bearing two axially ligated cholesterol moieties: a new potential agent for photodynamic therapy of tumours. | Ge(IV) phthalocyanine (GePc) with two axially ligated cholesterol moieties was prepared by chemical synthesis and incorporated in a monomeric state into small unilamellar liposomes (CGP 55398). Upon photoexcitation with light wavelengths around its intense absorption peak at 680 nm, GePc shows an efficient photosensiti... |
8178947 | Type IV collagen alpha 5 chain. Normal distribution and abnormalities in X-linked Alport syndrome revealed by monoclonal antibody. | Although the evidence indicates that mutation of the gene for the alpha 5 chain of type IV collagen, alpha 5-(IV), is the primary defect in X-linked Alport syndrome, protein data for the alpha 5(IV) chain with regard to its normal distribution and its distribution in patients with Alport syndrome is lacking. We produce... |
7513709 | The neuronal chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan neurocan binds to the neural cell adhesion molecules Ng-CAM/L1/NILE and N-CAM, and inhibits neuronal adhesion and neurite outgrowth. | We have previously shown that aggregation of microbeads coated with N-CAM and Ng-CAM is inhibited by incubation with soluble neurocan, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of brain, suggesting that neurocan binds to these cell adhesion molecules (Grumet, M., A. Flaccus, and R. U. Margolis. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 120:815). T... |
8174421 | Interrelationships between Helicobacter pylori infection, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and gastroduodenal disease. A prospective study in healthy volunteers. | Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs independently cause gastroduodenal mucosal injury but the relationship between them remains unclear. We have performed a double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled prospective study in 77 healthy volunteers aged 19-35 years who were randomly allocated to... |
8172895 | Tertiary interactions in the folding pathway of hen lysozyme: kinetic studies using fluorescent probes. | The refolding kinetics of hen lysozyme have been studied using a range of fluorescent probes. These experiments have provided new insight into the nature of intermediates detected in our recent hydrogen-exchange labeling studies [Radford, S.E., et al. (1992) Nature 358, 302-307], which were performed under the same con... |
7513555 | Molecular recognition of a Salmonella trisaccharide epitope by monoclonal antibody Se155-4. | The binding site of monoclonal antibody Se155-4, which has been the object of successful crystallographic and antibody-engineering studies, is shown by solid-phase immunoassays to be complementary to a branched trisaccharide, alpha-D-Galp(1-->2) [alpha-D-Abep(1-->3)]-alpha-D-Manp(1, rather than to the tetrasaccharide r... |
8172886 | Role of the interdomain hinge of flavocytochrome b2 in intra- and inter-protein electron transfer. | The two distinct domains of flavocytochrome b2 (L-lactate:cytochrome c oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.2.3) are connected by a hinge peptide. Kinetics experiments [White, P., Manson, F. D. C., Brunt, C. E., Chapman, S. K., & Reid, GA. (1993) Biochem. J. 291, 89-94] have illustrated the importance for efficient interdomain elect... |
8169229 | Guanine nucleotide-dependent assembly of FtsZ into filaments. | FtsZ is an essential cell division protein that is localized to the leading edge of the bacterial septum in a cytokinetic ring. It contains the tubulin signature motif and is a GTP binding protein with a GTPase activity. Further comparison of FtsZ with eukaryotic tubulins revealed some additional sequence similarities,... |
7513310 | Characterization of a linear epitope on Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 DnaK-like protein. | A cytoplasmic 75-kDa immunogen from Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 has previously been characterized as being similar to the Escherichia coli heat shock protein DnaK. We have localized a linear epitope for one monoclonal antibody specific for C. trachomatis DnaK. By use of a recombinant DNA technique, the epitope was... |
7909538 | Proteus mirabilis fimbriae: identification, isolation, and characterization of a new ambient-temperature fimbria. | Urinary tract infections involving Proteus mirabilis may lead to complications including bladder and kidney stones, acute pyelonephritis, and bacteremia. This bacterium produces a number of fimbriae, two of which, MR/P fimbria and P. mirabilis fimbria, have been shown to contribute to the ability of this pathogen to co... |
8168934 | Structural and functional characterization of the human formyl peptide receptor ligand-binding region. | The formyl peptide (N-formyl-1-methionyl-1-leucyl-1-phenylalanine [FMLP]) receptor is involved in the activation of neutrophils and their subsequent response to chemotactic N-formylated peptides. Recently, we found that the first extracellular loop closest to the N-terminal end of the FMLP receptor exhibited the strong... |
8168922 | Microtiter plate adherence assay and receptor analogs for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | A microtiter plate adherence assay for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was established by use of purified swine tracheal cilia which contained receptors for the mycoplasmas. M. hyopneumoniae bound specifically to plates coated with solubilized cilia. The binding was dependent on both the concentration of cilia and the number ... |
8164685 | The third cytoplasmic loop of a yeast G-protein-coupled receptor controls pathway activation, ligand discrimination, and receptor internalization. | To identify functional domains of G-protein-coupled receptors that control pathway activation, ligand discrimination, and receptor regulation, we have used as a model the alpha-factor receptor (STE2 gene product) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From a collection of random mutations introduced in the region codin... |
8164679 | PEBP2 alpha B/mouse AML1 consists of multiple isoforms that possess differential transactivation potentials. | A murine transcription factor, PEBP2, is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta. There are two genes in the mouse genome, PEBP2 alpha A and PEBP2 alpha B, which encode the alpha subunit. Two types of the alpha B cDNA clones, alpha B1 and alpha B2, were isolated from mouse fibroblasts and characterized. They were foun... |
8164675 | The C-terminal domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA topoisomerase II. | A set of carboxy-terminal deletion mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA topoisomerase II were constructed for studying the functions of the carboxyl domain in vitro and in vivo. The wild-type yeast enzyme is a homodimer with 1,429 amino acid residues in each of the two polypeptides; truncation of the C terminus to I... |
8163950 | Modulation of immunodominant sites in influenza hemagglutinin compromise antigenic variation and select receptor-binding variant viruses. | The regions of antigenic variation in influenza hemagglutinin (HA) are located on surface-accessible regions in the three-dimensional structure of the HA1 monomer. The aim of this study was to establish whether a novel variant virus, IMUT4, in which we had mutated specific amino acid residues (HA1 63, 144, 158, and 193... |
8158141 | Effect of the platelet-activating factor antagonist BN 50739 and its diluents on mitochondrial respiration and membrane lipids during and following cerebral ischemia. | Recent evidence suggests that platelet-activating factor plays a role in ischemia-induced neural injury. The Pulsinelli-Brierley four-vessel occlusion model was used to study the effect of a synthetic platelet-activating factor antagonist, BN 50739, and its solvents, either dimethyl sulfoxide or hydroxypropyl-beta-cycl... |
8151799 | Identification of minireovirus as a Norwalk-like virus in pediatric patients with gastroenteritis. | In 1977, 30- to 32-nm virus-like particles, named minireovirus because of their unique morphologic appearance, were detected by electron microscopy in the stools of infants and young children with gastroenteritis. Sequence analysis of approximately 2,800 consecutive bases derived from overlapping PCR clones of a recent... |
8151798 | Purification of recombinant budgerigar fledgling disease virus VP1 capsid protein and its ability for in vitro capsid assembly. | A recombinant system for the major capsid VP1 protein of budgerigar fledgling disease virus has been established. The VP1 gene was inserted into a truncated form of the pFlag-1 vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. The budgerigar fledgling disease virus VP1 protein was purified to near homogeneity by immunoaffinity... |
8151794 | Further characterization of the interaction between the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase catalytic subunit and its accessory subunit with regard to the 3'-to-5' exonucleolytic activity and stability of initiation complex at primer terminus. | The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase catalytic subunit, BALF5 gene product, possesses an intrinsic 3'-to 5' proofreading exonuclease activity in addition to 5'-to-3' DNA polymerase activity (T. Tsurumi, A. Kobayashi, K. Tamai, T. Daikoku, R. Kurachi, and Y. Nishiyama, J. Virol. 67:4651-4658, 1993). The exonuclea... |
8151781 | Encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site RNA-protein interactions. | Translational initiation of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) mRNA occurs by ribosomal entry into the 5' nontranslated region of the EMCV mRNA, rather than by ribosomal scanning. Internal ribosomal binding requires a cis-acting element termed the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). IRES elements have been proposed to... |
8151779 | Simian virus 40 small-t antigen stimulates viral DNA replication in permissive monkey cells. | The simian virus 40 (SV40) large-T antigen is essential for SV40 DNA replication and for late viral gene expression, but the role of the SV40 small-t antigen in these processes is still unclear. We have previously demonstrated that small t inhibits SV40 DNA replication in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effec... |
18965977 | Structural considerations and fluorescence spectral definition of cyclodextrin/perylene complexes in the presence of 1-pentanol. | A medium which enhances the fluorescence structural features of the cyclodextrin/perylene complex is discussed with attention to the effect that guest geometry has on complex stability and corresponding modifier interaction. |
18615522 | Stabilizing effect of amphiphilic excipients on the freeze-thawing and freeze-drying of lactate dehydrogenase. | The effects of amphiphilic excipients on the inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) during freeze-thawing and freeze-drying were studied. Some amphiphilic excipients such as hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD), CHAPS, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350, and sucrose fatty acid monoester prevented LDH inactivat... |
17830081 | Diacetylenic lipid tubules: experimental evidence for a chiral molecular architecture. | Molecular self-assembly is of key importance for the rational design of advanced materials. To investigate the causal relation between molecular structure and the consequent self-assembled microstructure, self-assembled tubules of diacetylenic lipids were studied. Circular-dichroism studies give experimental evidence t... |
7882688 | Multiple organ failure syndrome. | Although many new areas of research are directed at the regulatory aspects of the metabolic response, the prognosis of MOF remains poor. Critical care nurses, challenged to provide a supportive environment during this life-threatening syndrome, must understand its onset, clinical patterns, and prolonged support require... |
7946056 | Tertiary structure of the heme-binding domain of rat cytochrome b5 based on homology modeling. | The in vitro complexes formed between cytochrome b5 and other proteins (e.g. cytochrome c) have served as a useful means to probe electrostatic contributions to macromolecular recognition. Extensive experimentation has been carried out to test the specificity and stability of these complexes, including site-directed mu... |
7523160 | Modulation of human fibroblast activity by selected angiogenesis inhibitors. | Tenon's fibroblast (TF) bleb encapsulation is a common cause of filtering surgery failure. Various pharmacologic agents have been used in an attempt to inhibit this response. The effects of three angiogenesis inhibitors were studied. AGM-1470, a fumagillin analog and hydrocortisone 21-phosphate (HC21P) complexed with h... |
7922140 | Synthesis and transacylating reactivity of beta-cyclodextrin ethylenediamines. | The synthesis of the ethylenediamine-connected cyclodextrin dimer is reported, together with the syntheses of several reference cyclodextrinylamines. Each compound displayed enhanced transacylation or transphosphorylation of activated substrates, with the primary amine-bearing monocyclodextrin compound showing the grea... |
7921540 | Common topology within a non-collagenous domain of several different collagen types. | The secondary structure of a conserved non-collagenous module in alpha 1(V), alpha 1(XI), alpha 1(IX), alpha 1(XII), alpha 1(XIV) and alpha 1(XVI) collagen chains and in proline- and arginine-rich protein was analyzed using different algorithms. The results predict that a common anti-parallel beta-sheet structure compo... |
7920864 | Modulation of phospholipases A2 and C activities against dilauroylphosphorylcholine in mixed monolayers with semisynthetic derivatives of ganglioside and sphingosine. | Most of the semisynthetic ganglioside and sphingosine derivatives studied here decreased the rate as well as the extent of hydrolysis of monomolecular layers of dilauroylphosphorylcholine (dlPC) by both phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and C (PLC). For PLA2, the rate of enzymatic activity was inversely correlated (p < 0.001) wi... |
7918771 | Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of ibuprofen enantiomers in human plasma. | A method for the quantitation of ibuprofen enantiomers in human plasma has been developed and validated. Separation of R- and S-ibuprofen was achieved on a silica-bonded beta-cyclodextrin column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.02% (v/v) triethylamine in water adjusted to pH 4.0 with glacial acetic acid in water (... |
8059536 | Stereoselective disposition and metabolism of pinacidil in rat. | 1. An hplc method has been established for the determination of the enantiomer ratios of pinacidil and pinacidil-pyridine-N-oxide (M-1), using a beta-cyclodextrin-containing mobile phase. 2. Shortly after the administration of racemic pinacidil (2 mg/kg, i.v. or oral) to rat, the enantiomer ((+)/(-)) ratios of pinacidi... |
7520135 | Nitric oxide synthase expression reveals compartments of cerebellar granule cells and suggests a role for mossy fibers in their development. | The developmental expression and cellular distribution of nitric oxide synthase was investigated in the murine cerebellum and in cerebellar neurons developing under controlled in vitro conditions. Cerebellar granule cells expressed nitric oxide synthase only after migration to the internal granule cell layer. Initially... |
8051289 | Structural and functional reconstitution of thin filaments in skeletal muscle. | Thin filaments were reconstituted by incorporating exogenous actin, tropomyosin and troponin into glycerinated skeletal muscle fibres or myofibrils. Firstly, thin filaments except short fragments at the Z line were selectively removed by treatment with plasma gelsolin, an actin severing protein. As a result, the fibres... |
8050467 | Chronic administration of selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist or antagonist in cerebral ischemia. | The effect of chronic administration of selective adenosine A1 receptor agonists and antagonists on the outcome of cerebral ischemia is entirely unknown. Therefore, we have investigated the impact of such regimens on the hippocampal adenosine A1 receptor density, and on the recovery from 10 min forebrain ischemia in ge... |
7518965 | Soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels in patients with multiple organ failure (MOF). | We measured soluble CD14 (sCD14), plasma endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in patients with multiple organ failure (MOF). The sCD14 level was significantly higher in septic patients with MOF than that in those without MOF and also ... |
8038400 | Parametrization of direct and soft steric-undulatory forces between DNA double helical polyelectrolytes in solutions of several different anions and cations. | Directly measured forces between DNA helices in ordered arrays have been reduced to simple force coefficients and mathematical expressions for the interactions between pairs of molecules. The tabulated force parameters and mathematical expressions can be applied to parallel molecules or, by transformation, to skewed mo... |
8038392 | New internal structure of spider dragline silk revealed by atomic force microscopy. | Atomic force microscopy was used to study the three-dimensional nanometer-scale structure of the dragline silk of Nephila clavipes from microtomed sections of the silk. Contrary to a previously proposed model of randomly distributed protein crystallites interspersed in amorphous regions, a highly organized skin-core st... |
8038381 | Studies of the thermotropic phase behavior of phosphatidylcholines containing 2-alkyl substituted fatty acyl chains: a new class of phosphatidylcholines forming inverted nonlamellar phases. | We have synthesized a number of 1,2-diacyl phosphatidylcholines with hydrophobic substituents adjacent to the carbonyl group of the fatty acyl chain and studied their thermotropic phase behavior by differential scanning calorimetry, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Our results indicat... |
8038378 | Mutations in the K+ channel signature sequence. | Potassium channels share a highly conserved stretch of eight amino acids, a K+ channel signature sequence. The conserved sequence falls within the previously defined P-region of voltage-activated K+ channels. In this study we investigate the effect of mutations in the signature sequence of the Shaker channel on K+ sele... |
8038263 | Activation of proteoglycan synthesis in injured liver--a brief review of molecular and cellular aspects. | In the past years, considerable progress has been made with the molecular dissection of proteoglycans in normal and fibrotic human and rat liver. Three main types of glycosaminoglycans are found in liver, which, in order of decreasing concentration, are: heparan sulphate (more than 0.6 of total glycosaminoglycans), der... |
8037886 | Testosterone has rewarding affective properties in male rats: implications for the biological basis of sexual motivation. | Evidence from mammalian species, including humans, suggests that testosterone (T) enhances motivational aspects of sexual behavior, although the mechanism by which T exerts this effect is unknown. The hypothesis that increases in plasma T have rewarding affective properties was examined. Acute elevations of plasma T we... |
8034553 | [Current status of surgical transduodenal papillotomy]. | The treatment of biliary lithiasis has changed during the past 20 years. Cholecystectomy remains the gold standard for cholelithiasis, but many options are available for calculi of the common bile duct. Among them are surgical open or laparoscopic choledochotomy, biliary-enteric anastomosis, transduodenal sphincterotom... |
8027335 | Characterization of a variant strain of Norwalk virus from a food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis on a cruise ship in Hawaii. | A gastroenteritis outbreak affecting at least 217 (41%) of 527 passengers on a cruise ship was caused by a variant strain of Norwalk virus (NV) that is related to but distinct from the prototype NV strain. Consumption of fresh-cut fruit served at two buffets was significantly associated with illness (P < or = 0.01), an... |
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