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8301312 | Elastin cross-linking in the skin from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | Two cross-links unique to elastin, desmosine and isodesmosine were measured and compared in skin tissue (left upper arm) from 10 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and from seven age-matched controls. The contents of desmosine and isodesmosine were significantly decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respecti... |
8300607 | An unusual 30-kDa protein binding to the polyhedrin gene promoter of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | Gel retardation assays using nuclear extracts from the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected Sf21 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cell line revealed a host factor (polyhedrin promoter-binding protein or PPBP) that binds to the polyhedrin gene promoter. A hexanucleotide sequence (AATAAA) within the p... |
8298244 | Proteoglycans of basement membranes. | Proteoglycans carrying either heparan sulfate and/or chondroitin sulfate side chains are typical constituents of basement membranes. The most prominent proteoglycan (perlecan) consists of a 400-500 kDa core protein and three heparan sulfate chains. Electron microscopy and cDNA sequencing show a complex and elongated do... |
7507662 | Catalytic and ligand binding properties of the FK506 binding protein FKBP12: effects of the single amino acid substitution of Tyr82 to Leu. | The binding of FK506 and rapamycin to their cytosolic receptor FKBP12 is an intermediate step in the paths leading to their potent immunosuppressive properties. One of the amino acids defining the hydrophobic binding cleft for the macrocycles is Tyr82, which is thought to form a hydrogen bond with the amide oxygens of ... |
8297332 | Effect of specificity on ligand conformation in acyl-chymotrypsins. | I.r. difference spectroscopy combined with 13C and 18O double-isotope substitution was used to examine the ester acyl carbonyl stretching vibration of hydrocinnamoyl-chymotrypsin. A single acyl carbonyl stretching band was observed at 1731 cm-1. This contrasts with previous i.r. and resonance Raman spectroscopic studie... |
8294463 | Heparin, sulfated heparinoids, and lipoteichoic acids bind to the 70-kDa peptidoglycan/lipopolysaccharide receptor protein on lymphocytes. | The same 70-kDa protein, present on the surface of mouse lymphocytes, served as the predominant binding site for heparin, heparinoids, and bacterial lipoteichoic acids, as well as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides. This conclusion was supported by the following results: (a) all of these compounds photoaffinity cros... |
7507322 | Non-covalent interaction between poly(ADP-ribose) and cellular proteins: an application of a poly(ADP-ribose)-western blotting method to detect poly(ADP-ribose) binding on protein-blotted filter. | We describe a sensitive method for the detection of interactions between poly(ADP-ribose) and proteins. Proteins were blotted onto nitrocellulose filters and incubated with 32P-labeled poly(ADP-ribose). Purified core histones and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were found to bind poly(ADP-ribose) polymer. Blots of HeLa cel... |
8290605 | Predicting Ca(2+)-binding sites in proteins. | The coordination shell of Ca2+ ions in proteins contains almost exclusively oxygen atoms supported by an outer shell of carbon atoms. The bond-strength contribution of each ligating oxygen in the inner shell can be evaluated by using an empirical expression successfully applied in the analysis of crystals of metal oxid... |
8290599 | Facilitation of glutamate receptors enhances memory. | A benzamide drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier and facilitates DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated synaptic responses was tested for its effects on memory in three behavioral tasks. The compound reversibly increased the amplitude and prolonged the duration of fiel... |
8290568 | Functional analysis of myosin missense mutations in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | To analyze potential functional consequences of myosin heavy chain (MHC) mutations identified in patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC), we have assessed the stability of the mutant MHCs and their ability to form thick filaments. Constructs encoding wild-type rat alpha MHC and seven corresponding FHC ... |
8289292 | Molecular recognition by thrombin. Role of the slow-->fast transition, site-specific ion binding energetics and thermodynamic mapping of structural components. | The interaction of thrombin with the potent natural inhibitor hirudin is controlled in a complex fashion by the binding of Na+ and Cl- to the enzyme and allosteric transitions. Binding of hirudin is positively linked to Na+ binding, but is opposed in a competitive fashion by the binding of Cl-. Since Na+ binding induce... |
8289284 | Determination of alpha-helix propensity within the context of a folded protein. Sites 44 and 131 in bacteriophage T4 lysozyme. | To determine the effects of different amino acids on the structure and stability of an alpha-helix in the context of a globular protein, all 19 naturally-occurring amino acids were substituted for Ser44 in phage T4 lysozyme. A more restricted set of nine replacements was also made for Val131. Ser44 and Val131 are two o... |
8289199 | 6,6-Disubstituted Hex-5-enoic acid derivatives as combined thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists and synthetase inhibitors. | A series of omega-disubstituted alkenoic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized as antithrombotic inhibitors of thromboxane A2 synthetase and thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists. Hexenoic acid derivatives with a 3-pyridyl group and a 4-(2-benzenesulfonamidoethyl)phenyl substituent were found to be optimal with ... |
8288522 | Phosphorylation of Bacillus subtilis transcription factor Spo0A stimulates transcription from the spoIIG promoter by enhancing binding to weak 0A boxes. | Activation of the spoIIG promoter at the onset of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis requires the regulatory protein, Spo0A, which binds to two sites in the promoter, sites 1 and 2. Phosphorylation of Spo0A is essential for the initiation of sporulation. Therefore, we examined the role of Spo0A phosphorylation in spoIIG ... |
8286328 | Characterization of covalently bound enzyme inhibitors as transition-state analogs by protein stability measurements: phosphonate monoester inhibitors of a beta-lactamase. | An experimental method is described for determining whether a covalent enzyme-inhibitor complex has the properties expected of a transition-state analog. The method involves a comparison of the noncovalent interaction energies between the enzyme and the inhibitor on one hand (determined from protein denaturation thermo... |
8286208 | Carotenoporphyrins as selective photodiagnostic agents for tumours. | The covalent binding of a carotene moiety to one phenyl ring and meso-tetraphenyl-substituted porphyrins (see Figure 1) efficiently quenches the photosensitising activity of the porphyrin while a relatively large yield of fluorescence emission around 650 nm is retained. Pharmacokinetic studies performed with two carote... |
8282817 | Increased expression of basement membrane collagen in human diabetic retinopathy. | Basement membrane thickening is the most prominent and characteristic feature of early diabetic microangiopathy. Unknown is not only the causative process but also whether the thickening reflects increased synthesis of specific components. Because collagen type IV is uniquely present in basement membranes and represent... |
8282688 | Mutations in ftsZ that confer resistance to SulA affect the interaction of FtsZ with GTP. | Mutations in the essential cell division gene ftsZ confer resistance to SulA, a cell division inhibitor that is induced as part of the SOS response. In this study we have purified and characterized the gene products of six of these mutant ftsZ alleles, ftsZ1, ftsZ2, ftsZ3, ftsZ9, ftsZ100, and ftsZ114, and compared thei... |
8280750 | Analysis and modelling of the structures of beta-cyclodextrin complexes. | A systematic computer graphics study of all available beta-cyclodextrin crystal structures has been carried out specifically to aid in the modelling and design of beta-cyclodextrin-drug complexes. The analyses show that the basic conformation of the molecule remains constant among natural, mono-substituted and partiall... |
8280091 | The peripheral subunit-binding domain of the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Bacillus stearothermophilus: preparation and characterization of its binding to the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase component. | The peripheral subunit-binding domain of the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase polypeptide chain of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Bacillus stearothermophilus was released by limited proteolysis from a di-domain (lipoyl domain plus binding domain) encoded by a subgene over-expressed in Escherichia coli... |
8279939 | Early predictors of postinjury multiple organ failure. | <h4>Objective</h4>To find a predictive model for postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF).<h4>Design</h4>A 3-year cohort study ending December 1992 (first year: retrospective; last 2 years: prospective).<h4>Setting</h4>Denver General Hospital (Colo) is a regional level I trauma center.<h4>Patients</h4>Consecutive trauma... |
8278811 | Stereospecific acyl transfers on the erythromycin-producing polyketide synthase. | During assembly of complex polyketide antibiotics like erythromycin A, molecular recognition by the multienzyme polyketide synthase controls the stereochemical outcome as each successive methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) extender unit is added. Acylation of the purified erythromycin-producing polyketide synthase has shown... |
8278378 | Direct measurement of forces between self-assembled proteins: temperature-dependent exponential forces between collagen triple helices. | We report direct measurements of force vs. separation between self-assembled proteins. These forces are observed between collagen triple helices in native and reconstituted fibers. They are a combination of a short-range repulsion, which varies exponentially over at least five decay lengths, and an inferred, longer-ran... |
8278373 | A membrane form of brain L-glutamate decarboxylase: identification, isolation, and its relation to insulin-dependent mellitus. | A membrane form of L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was identified and purified to apparent homogeneity from hog brain. The purified GAD was established as an integral membrane protein by phase-partitioning assay, charge-shift electrophoresis, and chromatography on a hydrophobic interaction column. This membrane GAD has... |
8276116 | The transglycosylation reaction of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase is operated by a Ping-Pong mechanism. | A new photometric assay of the disproportionation activity of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) using 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-maltopentaoside as the donor, proved that the transglycosylation reaction of CGTase was operated by a Ping-Pong Bi Bi mechanism. The values of the kcat/Km(acceptor) p... |
7505800 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein accelerates the binding of LPS to CD14. | CD14 is a 55-kD protein found as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein on the surface of monocytes, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and as a soluble protein in the blood. Both forms of CD14 participate in the serum-dependent responses of cells to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). While ... |
8264647 | Functional analysis of the V gamma 3 promoter of the murine gamma delta T-cell receptor. | The initial day 14 wave of fetal thymocytes express a gamma delta T-cell receptor (TCR). This surface TCR is generated by preferential rearrangement of V gamma 3 and V delta 1 recombination segments. To delineate the role of regulatory sequences in this expression, we have analyzed the V gamma 3 promoter control region... |
8264626 | Selection for arsenite resistance causes reversible changes in minicircle composition and kinetoplast organization in Leishmania mexicana. | Certain minor minicircle sequence classes in the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) networks of arsenite- or tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania mexicana amazonensis variants whose nuclear DNA is amplified appear to be preferentially selected to replicate (S. T. Lee, C. Tarn, and K. P. Chang, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 58:187-204, 1993... |
8264621 | The C-protein tetramer binds 230 to 240 nucleotides of pre-mRNA and nucleates the assembly of 40S heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. | A series of in vitro protein-RNA binding studies using purified native (C1)3C2 and (A2)3B1 tetramers, total soluble heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP), and pre-mRNA molecules differing in length and sequence have revealed that a single C-protein tetramer has an RNA site size of 230 to 240 nucleotides (nt).... |
7505392 | Functional expression of P-glycoprotein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confers cellular resistance to the immunosuppressive and antifungal agent FK520. | We have recently reported that expression in yeast cells of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the mouse multidrug resistance mdr3 gene (Mdr3) can complement a null ste6 mutation (M. Raymond, P. Gros, M. Whiteway, and D. Y. Thomas, Science 256:232-234, 1992). Here we show that Mdr3 behaves as a fully functional drug tran... |
8262649 | Identification and characterization of an iron-regulated hemopexin receptor in Haemophilus influenzae type b. | Heme can serve Haemophilus influenzae as a source of both essential porphyrin and iron. In extracellular mammalian body fluids neither free heme nor free iron is available, since they are tightly bound to hemopexin and transferrin, respectively. Since H. influenzae grows in the presence of iron-transferrin and heme-hem... |
8262633 | Biochemical analysis of the membrane and soluble forms of the complement regulatory protein of Trypanosoma cruzi. | A developmentally regulated, 160-kDa trypomastigote surface glycoprotein was previously shown to bind the third component of complement and to inhibit activation of the alternative complement pathway, thus providing the parasites a means of avoiding the lytic effects of complement. We now show that this complement regu... |
8254779 | Analysis of astrovirus serotype 1 RNA, identification of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motif, and expression of a viral structural protein. | We report the results from sequence analysis and expression studies of the gastroenteritis agent astrovirus serotype 1. We have cloned and sequenced 5,944 nucleotides (nt) of the estimated 7.2-kb RNA genome and have identified three open reading frames (ORFs). ORF-3, at the 3' end, is 2,361 nt in length and is fully en... |
7504741 | Probing the structure of the human immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein gp120 with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. | We have probed the structures of monomeric and oligomeric gp120 glycoproteins from the LAI isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs); most of these MAbs are directed against continuous epitopes. On native monomeric gp120, most of the first conserved (C1) domain ... |
8254748 | Synthesis of viruslike particles by expression of the putative capsid protein of Leishmania RNA virus in a recombinant baculovirus expression system. | The putative capsid open reading frame (ORF2) of the Leishmania RNA virus LRV1-4 was expressed in a baculovirus expression system. The expressed protein was identified by Western immunoblot analysis with polyclonal antiserum raised to purified LRV1-4 virus. Electron microscopy and sedimentation analysis indicated that ... |
8254745 | Capsid assembly and involved function analysis of twelve core protein mutants of duck hepatitis B virus. | The roles of different regions of the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) core protein on viral capsid assembly and related functions were examined. Twelve deletion and insertion mutations which covered 80% of the DHBV C open reading frame were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The N-terminal region (amino acids... |
8254743 | Identification of the threonine phosphorylation sites on the polyomavirus major capsid protein VP1: relationship to the activity of middle T antigen. | Phosphorylation of the polyomavirus major capsid protein VP1 was examined after in vivo 32P labeling of virus-infected cells. Two phosphorylated peptide fragments of VP1 were identified by protease digestion, high-performance liquid chromatography purification, mass spectrometry, and N-terminal sequencing. The peptides... |
8254727 | Studies of the major reovirus core protein sigma 2: reversion of the assembly-defective mutant tsC447 is an intragenic process and involves back mutation of Asp-383 to Asn. | The reovirus group C temperature-sensitive mutant tsC447, whose defect maps to the S2 gene, which encodes the major core protein sigma 2, fails to assemble core particles at the nonpermissive temperature. To identify other proteins that may interact with sigma 2 during assembly, we generated and examined 10 independent... |
8254720 | Phenotypic characterization of insertion mutants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells. | A panel of 28 insertion mutants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag precursor (Pr55Gag) was constructed by linker-insertion mutagenesis and expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells. One set of 14 mutants carried the normal N-myristylation signal; the other set constituted their non-... |
14545896 | Applications of modified cyclodextrins. | One of the key areas of importance in biotechnology and bioengineering is molecular complexation (MC). MC is useful in selectivity, separation, and solubilization of biomolecules. While many complex, natural MC agents exist, such as proteins and antibodies, relatively few engineered MC materials are available. Inorgani... |
11607451 | Light-harvesting chlorophyll c-like pigment in Prochloron. | A chlorophyll c-like pigment, similar to magnesium-3,8-divinyl pheoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester, has been isolated from Prochloron sp. obtained from five species of didemnid ascidians from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and from Palau, Micronesia. The pigment represents 4-15% of the total chlorophyll content and i... |
27315704 | The Mechanism of Binding of Glucoamylase I from Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi to Cyclodextrins and Raw Starch. | Glucoamylase I (GAI) bound to β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with the binding constants of Kd = 17.7 μm and n = 1.69. Binding resulted in formation of an inclusion complex, as indicated by the fact that organic guest compounds for β-CD inhibited the binding of GAI to β-CD. Titration of GAI (A(1)-R(615)) with β-CD or Amylose A s... |
18611565 | Biological response modifiers and infectious diseases: actual and potential therapeutic agents. | Biological response modifiers (BRMs) are agents which can modify the immune response to cancer or invasion of the organism by infectious agents. An explosive appearance of new BRMs has resulted from the development of recombinant gene technology and the availability of monoclonal antibodies. Colony-stimulating factors ... |
18476236 | Multinuclear metal nucleobase complexes. | Of all properties of metal nucleobase complexes, formation of multinuclear species appears to be an outstanding feature. After a brief introduction into well known polymeric metal nucleobase complexes, three aspects recently Studied in our laboratory will be dealt with in more detail: (i) Heteronuclear complexes derive... |
18476227 | Transferrin: from inorganic biochemistry to medicine. | Transferrin is one of the key proteins of iron metabolism in mammalians. It is responsible for the transfer of the essential iron(III) ions through the biological fluids from absorption to storage and utilization sites. Moreover, transferrin is involved in the metabolism of other metal ions that are either trace or tox... |
18476226 | Transition Metal Ion Complexation and Extraction by Hydroxamate Functionalised p-Tert-Butylcalix[4]Arenes. | The functionalisation of macrocyclic p-tertbutylcalix[4]arenes at the lower rim with hydroxamic acid and proline hydroxamic acid groups gives the calixarenes chelating properties similar to siderophores. The (1)H NMR spectrum of p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene tetrahydroxamic acid shows a broad band at 10.8 ppm in DMSO-d(6) a... |
18476223 | Chelating agents and the regulation of metal ions. | Up to about the early 1980s it was perhaps still possible to summarize in a review of a moderate length the development of the medicinal applications of chelation chemistry and the exploitation of such chemistry in regulating the metal ion concentrations in the body. However, in the last few years there has a great sur... |
18475587 | Cytokines in clinical and experimental transplantation. | Allograft rejection is a complex process, which requires interactions between different cell types and a variety of soluble factors, such as cytokines. In this review we discuss the role of cytokines in the induction and effector phases of the rejection process and in the induction and maintenance of allospecific graft... |
18472932 | Modulation of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis Growth in Cultured Mouse Macrophages by Prostaglandins and Platelet Activating Factor. | The role of endogenously synthesized PAF and prostaglandins on the infection of mouse macrophages by Letsbmanta (L.) amazonensis was investigated, as well as the possible correlation between the effects of these inflammatory mediators with nitric oxide production. It was found that pretreatment of macrophages with 10(-... |
7672875 | Evaluation of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin, piroxicam, paracetamol and placebo in post-operative oral surgery pain. | Two hundred ninety-eight patients with post-operative pain after the surgical removal of an impacted third molar were randomly assigned, on a double-blind basis, to receive a single oral dose of piroxicam 20 mg, or piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin equivalent to 20 mg piroxicam, or paracetamol 500 mg, or placebo. Using a sem... |
7668421 | [Selective digestive decontamination in patients under reanimation]. | Nosocomial infections increase morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. ICU patients are at high risk of sustaining them, due to the high rate of invasive procedures and their poor health state. Conventional methods for decreasing the incidence of infection in ICU patients include handwashing, catheter care, s... |
7620326 | Differential expression of adhesion molecules within the human thymus. | Development of a diverse, MHC-restricted yet self-tolerant T-cell repertoire occurs within the thymus, and requires contact between developing T cells and their stromal microenvironment. Such interactions are likely to depend on the combinatorial effect of specific adhesion molecules. As a preliminary step to determini... |
7606211 | Recognition ability and cytotoxicity of some oligosaccharidyl substituted beta-cyclodextrins. | This paper reports a chemico-enzymatic synthesis of beta-CD derivatives. The recognition properties of these derivatives were tested using flocculating yeast and isolated lectins. It was observed that the substitution of beta-cyclodextrins with galactose end arms induces the better recognition by a cell-linked galactos... |
28042207 | Topologically Modified Biopolymers: Properties of Synthetic Circular DNAs and RNAs. | Circular nucleic acid molecules can have chemical and biological properties very different from those of the corresponding linear nucleic acid polymers. Described here are methods used recently for construction of such circular molecules, and some of the properties that can arise from making this topological change. Am... |
24214068 | Mass and charge state assignment for proteins and peptide mixtures via noncovalent adduction in electrospray mass spectrometry. | A method has been developed that takes advantage of the formation of noncovalent compounds in electrospray mass spectrometry. Mixtures of proteins and peptides are shown to produce an intense ion that corresponds to a 1:1 complex with a crown ether (18-crown-6). Although the crown ether may be added directly to the sol... |
24186511 | Use of organic modifiers to enhance chiral selectivity in capillary electrophoresis. | Using capillary electrophoresis, the enantiomers of a number of dansyl amino acids were resolved using nativeβ-cyclodextrin. The neutral chiral host resolved analytes possessing a negative charge at pH 9, the conditions employed in this study. Organic modifiers added to the running buffer were particularly adept at enh... |
9407222 | Preliminary interpretive criteria for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of SCH 27899, a compound in the everninomicin class of antimicrobial agents. | As antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive species becomes more common, alternative agents need to be developed for the therapy of serious infections. SCH 27899 is a compound from the everninomicin class of antimicrobial agents that possesses a potent Gram-positive spectrum. We evaluated three disk concentrations ... |
8807816 | Molecular recognition in the bovine immunodeficiency virus Tat peptide-TAR RNA complex. | <h4>Background</h4>In lentiviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), the Tat (trans-activating) protein enhances transcription of the viral RNA by complexing to the 5'-end of the transcribed mRNA, at a region known as TAR (the trans-activation response element). Identif... |
8938272 | The next wave of recombinant and synthetic anticancer vaccines. | The identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) recognized by T lymphocytes makes the development of antigen-specific synthetic and recombinant vaccines possible. The expression of TAA within a recombinant vector increases control over the kinetics and quantity, the molecular form, and the subcellular location of... |
8833968 | Control of enantiomer migration order in capillary electrophoresis separations using sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin. | The control of enantiomer migration order in capillary electrophoresis (CE) by use of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD) was investigated. At high pH, electroosmotic flow (EOF) dominated and the enantiomer most strongly associated with the anionic cyclodextrin was detected last. At low pH (and reversed po... |
8821466 | Heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Essential co-factors in receptor-mediated processes with relevance to the biology of the vascular wall. | Heparan sulfate (HS), a mixed bag of complex, heterogeneous and highly charged polysaccharides, is an essential co-factor in a large number of receptor-ligand interactions and cellular pathways. These co-factor functions depend on the binding-interactions of the HS chains with the ligand or receptor, or both. These bin... |
8991804 | Cerebral ischemia in gerbils: effects of acute and chronic treatment with adenosine A2A receptor agonist and antagonist. | Despite significant progress in understanding of the potential of adenosine A1 receptor-based therapies in treatment of cerebral ischemia and stroke, very little is known about the effect of selective stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors on the outcome of a cerebrovascular arrest. In view of a major role played by ad... |
8788158 | Investigation of the in vitro biotransformation and simultaneous enantioselective separation of thalidomide and its neutral metabolites by capillary electrophoresis. | Reversed-phase liquid chromatography is a long established method for the analysis of drug metabolism. The current investigation demonstrates that micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography can be an attractive alternative. Two methods were developed using sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bro... |
8788157 | Enantioselective determination of oxprenolol and its metabolites in human urine by cyclodextrin-modified capillary zone electrophoresis. | A stereospecific capillary electrophoresis assay for oxprenolol enantiomers and their basic metabolites in human urine has been developed using hydroxypropyl-beta-CD as a chiral selector in the mobile phase. The bioassay method has been validated and the detection limit from spiked urine samples is 0.2 micrograms/ml. T... |
8719110 | Monocyte derived IL 10 and PGE2 are associated with the absence of Th 1 cells and in vitro T cell suppression in lepromatous leprosy. | Our previous studies had shown that the clinicopathological spectrum in leprosy was associated with discrete T cell subsets in circulation, with tuberculoid patients having antigen-induced Th 1, whereas lepromatous leprosy patients with antigen-specific T cell anergy possessed Th 2 cells. The present study shows that i... |
8748323 | Interaction of 6-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-2-sulfonate with beta-cyclodextrin. | The interaction of 6-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-2-sulfonate (TNS) with beta-cyclodextrin was investigated in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 by fluorescence spectroscopy. Using the fluorescence enhancement of TNS in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin, the thermodynamic parameters for the formation of two kinds of the incl... |
8749849 | Atomic and residue hydrophilicity in the context of folded protein structures. | Water-protein interactions drive protein folding, stabilize the folded structure, and influence molecular recognition and catalysis. We analyzed the closest protein contacts of 10,837 water molecules in crystallographic structures to define a specific hydrophilicity scale reflecting specific rather than bulk solvent in... |
8719034 | Angiotensin II: biosynthesis, molecular recognition, and signal transduction. | 1. Angiotensin II is a well-known vasopressive octapeptide that is the principal end-product of the renin-angiotensin system. In addition to its tonic effect on vascular smooth muscle cells, it also stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenals and promotes sodium reabsorption through renal tubular cells. 2. These... |
8719033 | Recent advances in molecular recognition and signal transduction of active peptides: receptors for opioid peptides. | 1. Opioid peptides are a family of structurally related neuromodulators which play a major role in the control of nociceptive pathways. These peptides act through membrane receptors of the nervous system, defined as mu, delta and kappa and endowed with overlapping but distinct pharmacological, anatomical and functional... |
8697759 | Multiple organ failure: the final complication of critical illness. | The exact mechanisms responsible for the development and perpetuation of MOF are just beginning to be unraveled. Nurses must have an understanding of the progression of MOF and the physiologic and psychologic responses of the patient. Although caring for patients with MOF is not an easy task, the critical care nurse is... |
8714216 | A study of aggregation of 9-(dicyano-vinyl)julolidine. | Di(cyano vinyl)julolidine (DCVJ) is a fluorescent probe which has been used to monitor the local mobility of its binding sites on proteins. It shows a concentration dependence of its emission spectrum in water. At higher DCVJ concentrations, a longer wavelength band appears. The latter increases relative to the shorter... |
8675627 | Molecular basis of spectrin deficiency in beta spectrin Durham. A deletion within beta spectrin adjacent to the ankyrin-binding site precludes spectrin attachment to the membrane in hereditary spherocytosis. | We describe a spectrin variant characterized by a truncated beta chain and associated with hereditary spherocytosis. The clinical phenotype consists of a moderate hemolytic anemia with striking spherocytosis and mild spiculation of the red cells. We describe the biochemical characteristics of this truncated protein whi... |
8675626 | Cholesterol efflux potential of sera from mice expressing human cholesteryl ester transfer protein and/or human apolipoprotein AI. | The ability of whole serum to promote cell cholesterol efflux and the relationships between apoprotein and lipoprotein components of human serum efflux have been investigated previously (de la Llera Moya, M., V. Atger, J.L. Paul, N. Fournier, N. Moatti, P. Giral, K.E. Friday, and G.H. Rothblat. 1994. Arterioscler. Thro... |
8675622 | Sustained inhibition of intimal thickening. In vitro and in vivo effects of polymeric beta-cyclodextrin sulfate. | Intimal thickening after vascular injury may be modulated in part by heparin binding growth factors. We hypothesized that placement of a therapeutic polymer in the periadventitial space capable of tightly binding growth factors might alter the vascular response to injury. We first demonstrated that incubation of rat ao... |
8680932 | A general assay for restriction endonucleases and other DNA-modifying enzymes with plasmid substrates. | A procedure for measuring the activities of enzymes that alter the covalent structure of DNA is described. The assay utilizes covalently closed circles of DNA as the substrate and yields quantitative data on the fraction of this DNA converted to both open-circle and linear forms. |
8786356 | Cardiac sodium channels (hH1) are intrinsically more sensitive to block by lidocaine than are skeletal muscle (mu 1) channels. | When lidocaine is given systemically, cardiac Na channels are blocked preferentially over those in skeletal muscle and nerve. This apparent increased affinity is commonly assumed to arise solely from the fact that cardiac Na channels spend a large fraction of their time in the inactivated state, which exhibits a high a... |
8635439 | Immunological effects of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. | 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and structurally similar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons cause a broad range of immunologic effects in experimental animals including decreased host resistance to infectious disease and suppressed humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In the mouse, TCDD immunotoxicity ... |
8635438 | Immunotoxicity of PCBs (Aroclors) in relation to Great Lakes. | Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are among the most widespread environmental pollutants and a prominent contaminant of the Great Lakes basin. Due to their resistance to biodegradation and lipophilic properties, PCBs bioaccumulate in fish tissues and in fish-eating humans. PCBs are also known to cross the placenta and t... |
8601471 | Molecular and genetic analysis of the toxic effect of RAP1 overexpression in yeast. | Rap1p is a context-dependent regulatory protein in yeast that functions as a transcriptional activator of many essential genes, including those encoding ribosomal proteins and glycolytic enzymes. Rap1p also participates in transcriptional silencing at HM mating-type loci and telomeres. Overexpression of RAP1 strongly i... |
8597112 | Mass spectrometric approaches to molecular characterization of protein-nucleic acid interactions. | The recent development of 'soft' ionization-desorption methods has lead to a breakthrough for the mass spectrometric analysis of biomacromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, the feasibility of electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the direct characterization of non-covalent supr... |
8599679 | Structural polymorphism of the RecA protein from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus. | The Escherichia coli RecA protein has served as a model for understanding protein-catalyzed homologous recombination, both in vitro and in vivo. Although RecA proteins have now been sequenced from over 60 different bacteria, almost all of our structural knowledge about RecA has come from studies of the E. coli protein.... |
8599678 | Self-similarity properties of alpha-crystallin supramolecular aggregates. | The supramolecular aggregation of alpha-crystallin, the major protein of the eye lens, was investigated by means of static and dynamic light scattering. The aggregation was induced by generating heat-modified alpha-crystallin forms and by stabilizing the clusters with calcium ions. The kinetic pattern of the aggregatio... |
8599659 | Molecular order and hydration property of amine group in phosphatidylethanolamine and its N-methyl derivatives at subzero temperatures. | The molecular order and hydration properties of the amine group in phosphatidylethanolamine and its N-methyl derivatives were studied by 2H-NMR at subzero temperatures. Three coexisting signals with 2H-NMR quadrupolar splittings of 146, 106, and 28.8 KHz were detected from the fully hydrated phosphatidylethanolamine/D2... |
8599654 | Partition coefficient of a surfactant between aggregates and solution: application to the micelle-vesicle transition of egg phosphatidylcholine and octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside. | The mechanism of the solubilization of egg phosphatidylcholine containing 10% (M/M) of egg phosphatidic acid unilamellar vesicles by the nonionic detergent, octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, has been investigated at both molecular and supramolecular levels by using fluorescence and turbidity measurements. In the lamellar r... |
8599639 | Two classes of alamethicin transmembrane channels: molecular models from single-channel properties. | Molecular structures of transmembrane channels formed by alamethicin polypeptide aggregates were analyzed by measuring open-channel conductances and state-transition kinetics using voltage-clamp technique with artificial phospholipid bilayers isolated onto micropipettes by a novel solvent-free tip-dip method. Two disti... |
8595137 | Genetic algorithms in molecular recognition and design. | Genetic algorithms provide a novel tool for the investigation of combinatorial optimization problems. A genetic algorithm takes an initial set of possible starting solutions, and iteratively improves them by means of crossover and mutation operators that are related to those involved in Darwinian evolution. This approa... |
8580856 | Protein recognition of ammonium cations using side-chain aromatics: a structural variation for secondary ammonium ligands. | A model for the structure of dimethylamine dehydrogenase was generated using the crystal coordinates of trimethylamine dehydrogenase. Substrate is bound in trimethylamine dehydrogenase by cation-pi bonding, but modeling of dimethylamine dehydrogenase suggests that secondary amines are bound by a mixture of cation-pi an... |
8580846 | Significant discrepancies between van't Hoff and calorimetric enthalpies. II. | Isothermal calorimetric titration of 18-crown-6 ether with BaCl2 in pure aqueous solution over the temperature range 7-40 degrees C gives precise binding constants and enthalpy changes. Nonlinear least-squares fitting of the binding constants to the integrated van't Hoff equation, including a temperature-independent ch... |
8580844 | Covalent attachment of functionalized lipid bilayers to planar waveguides for measuring protein binding to biomimetic membranes. | A new method is presented for measuring sensitively the interactions between ligands and their membrane-bound receptors in situ using integrated optics, thus avoiding the need for additional labels. Phospholipid bilayers were attached covalently to waveguides by a novel protocol, which can in principle be used with any... |
8590813 | Domains of tau protein, differential phosphorylation, and dynamic instability of microtubules. | The dynamic instability of microtubules is thought to be regulated by MAPs and phosphorylation. Here we describe the effect of the neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau by observing the dynamics of single microtubules by video microscopy. We used recombinant tau isoforms and tau mutants, and we phosphorylated tau... |
8590802 | Cartilage matrix protein forms a type II collagen-independent filamentous network: analysis in primary cell cultures with a retrovirus expression system. | Cartilage matrix protein (CMP) is expressed specifically in mature cartilage and consists of two von Willebrand factor A domains (CMP-A1 and CMP-A2) that are separated by an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a coiled-coil tail domain at the carboxyl terminal end. We have shown previously that CMP interacts with ... |
8559658 | RNA:DNA complex formation upon transcription of immunoglobulin switch regions: implications for the mechanism and regulation of class switch recombination. | Central the regulation and mechanism of class switch recombination is the understanding of the relationship between transcription and DNA recombination. We demonstrated previously, using mini-chromosome substrates, that physiologically oriented transcription is required for recombination to occur between switch regions... |
8547321 | Characterization of the binding of HU and IHF, homologous histone-like proteins of Escherichia coli, to curved and uncurved DNA. | The binding of E. coli histone-like protein HU to curved and uncurved DNA fragments containing adenine tracts was characterized by relative binding affinity assay, and compared with that of other homologous histone-like protein integration host factor (IHF). Both HU and IHF have about 3- to 5-fold higher affinity for o... |
8584557 | Improvement of some pharmaceutical properties of drugs by cyclodextrin complexation. 4. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride. | The potentiality of interaction of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) was investigated by spectrophotometry, vapour pressure osmometry and DSC thermograms. The results revealed a very strong evidence for molecular interaction between CPZ and beta-CD. The continuous variation method was ... |
8557048 | Comparison of protein binding to DNA in vivo and in vitro: defining an effective intracellular target. | We have quantitatively evaluated the affinity of a set of target sites for the integration host factor (IHF) protein of Escherichia coli by their performance as competitors in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We also determined how well each of these sites is filled by IHF in vivo. The data show that several na... |
8554313 | Lens hydration in transgenic mice containing HIV-1 protease linked to the lens alpha A-crystallin promoter. | Two constructs of transgenic mice, TG61 and TG72, containing HIV-1 protease linked to lens alpha A-crystallin promoter develop cataract. The TG61 construct exhibits cataractogenesis in utero, while in the TG72 construct frank opacities appear 24 days (homozygotes) and 26 days (hemizygotes) after birth. Differential sca... |
8582025 | Enhanced nasal delivery of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist buserelin by oleic acid solubilized and stabilized in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The potential use of three 2-hydroxypropyl ether derivatives of cyclodextrins (HP-alpha-, HP-beta- and HP-gamma-CyDs) as biocompatible solubilizers and stabilizers for oleic acid, a lipophilic absorption enhancer, was assessed in the nasal absorption of buserelin, an agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, in... |
8590443 | A conformational model for cyclic beta-(1-->2)-linked glucans based on NMR analysis of the beta-glucans produced by Xanthomonas campestris. | A cyclic hexadecaglucoside containing 15 beta-(1-->2)-linkages and one alpha-(1-->6)-linkage (A. Amemura and J. Cabrera-Crespo, J. Gen. Microbiol. 132 (1986) 2443-2452) was purified from cultures of Xanthomonas campestris. The homogeneity of this glucan preparation facilitated the complete assignment of its 1H NMR spec... |
8554504 | Bacterial morphinone reductase is related to Old Yellow Enzyme. | Morphinone reductase, produced by Pseudomonas putida M10, catalyses the NADH-dependent saturation of the carbon-carbon double bond of morphinone and codeinone, and is believed to be involved in the metabolism of morphine and codeine. The structural gene encoding morphinone reductase, designated morB, was cloned from Ps... |
8581304 | Localization of a vertebrate telomeric sequence in the chromosomes of two marine worms (phylum Annelida: class polychaeta). | Using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, the presence of the vertebrate telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n was found in the chromosomes of two marine polychaetes belonging to two separate orders: one errant, Platynereis dumerilii (family Nereidae), and the other sessile, Pomatoceros lamarckii (family Se... |
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