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8300542 | Structure, composition, and assembly of paracrystalline phycobiliproteins in Synechocystis sp. strain BO 8402 and of phycobilisomes in the derivative strain BO 9201. | The phycobiliproteins of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain BO 8402 and its derivative strain BO 9201 are compared. The biliproteins of strain BO 8402 are organized in paracrystalline inclusion bodies showing an intense autofluorescence in vivo. These protein-pigment aggregates have been isolated. ... |
8300538 | Isolation of two physiologically induced variant strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a and characterization of their S-layer lattices. | During growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a in continuous culture on complex medium, the chemical properties of the S-layer glycoprotein and the characteristic oblique lattice were maintained only if glucose was used as the sole carbon source. With increased aeration, amino acids were also metabolized, acc... |
8300533 | Identification of genes affecting production of the adhesive holdfast of a marine caulobacter. | Caulobacters are stalked bacteria that produce a structure termed a holdfast which enables firm attachment to surfaces. Tn5 insertion mutagenesis was used to identify genes affecting holdfast production or function in the marine strain MCS6. Twelve thousand Tn5 insertion mutants were screened for adhesion defects by an... |
8300525 | Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Myxococcus xanthus mutants which are defective in sensing negative stimuli. | Myxococcus xanthus is a gram-negative gliding bacterium that exhibits a complex life cycle. Exposure of M. xanthus to chemicals like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at nondeleterious concentrations or the depletion of nutrients caused several negative responses by the cells. DMSO (> 0.1 M) or nutrient depletion triggered a r... |
7905463 | Proteus mirabilis fimbriae: construction of an isogenic pmfA mutant and analysis of virulence in a CBA mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. | Proteus mirabilis, a cause of urinary tract infection and acute pyelonephritis, produces a number of different fimbriae. An isogenic fimbrial mutant of P. mirabilis HI4320 was constructed by marker exchange with delta pmfA::aphA to determine the role of the P. mirabilis fimbriae (PMF) in hemagglutination and in virulen... |
8300205 | M protein mediates streptococcal adhesion to HEp-2 cells. | Streptococcus pyogenes adheres to human epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. To identify adhesins, cell wall components were extracted from S. pyogenes M6 with alkali or by treatment with mutanolysin and lysozyme. HEp-2 cells were incubated with extracts of S. pyogenes M6 and then analyzed by Western blot (immunoblot... |
8294519 | Human laminin M chain (merosin): complete primary structure, chromosomal assignment, and expression of the M and A chain in human fetal tissues. | The primary structure of the human laminin M chain was determined from cDNA clones isolated from human placental libraries. The clones covered a total of 6,942 bp, with 49-bp encoding a 5' end untranslated region and 6,893-bp coding for a translated sequence. The complete human laminin M chain contains a 22-residue sig... |
7507205 | A factor induced by differentiation signals in cells of the macrophage lineage binds to the gamma interferon activation site. | Rapid transcriptional induction of genes in response to gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is mediated by the IFN-gamma activation site (GAS) and its cognate protein, the IFN-gamma activation factor (GAF). We describe a GAS-associated, differentiation-induced factor (DIF) as a potential molecular link between the activities ... |
8289811 | The adenovirus E4-6/7 protein transactivates the E2 promoter by inducing dimerization of a heteromeric E2F complex. | Binding of the mammalian transcription factor E2F to the adenovirus E2a early promoter is modulated through interaction with the viral E4-6/7 protein. E4-6/7 induces the cooperative and stable binding of E2F in vitro to two correctly spaced and inverted E2F binding sites in the E2a promoter (E2F induction) by physical ... |
8289800 | Stably integrated mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat DNA requires the octamer motifs for basal promoter activity. | In the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter, a tandem of octamer motifs, recognized by ubiquitous and tissue-restricted Oct transcription factors, is located upstream of the TATA box and next to a binding site for the transcription factor nuclear factor I (NF-I). Their function was investigated with mutant long terminal ... |
8289374 | Subcellular localization of the Vif protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | The Vif (viral infectivity factor) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been shown to dramatically enhance the infectivity of HIV-1 virus particles during virus production. The subcellular localization of Vif was examined to elucidate cellular pathways which may be important for Vif function. Indi... |
7507184 | Resistance to neutralization by broadly reactive antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 glycoprotein conferred by a gp41 amino acid change. | A neutralization-resistant variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that emerged during in vitro propagation of the virus in the presence of neutralizing serum from an infected individual has been described. A threonine-for-alanine substitution at position 582 in the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprote... |
8289365 | Interaction of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 capsid proteins with HPV DNA requires an intact L2 N-terminal sequence. | Encapsidation of papillomavirus DNA involves DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. We sought to define the role of each human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid protein in HPV DNA encapsidation. HPV16 major (L1) and minor (L2) capsid proteins purified from recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells were compared for th... |
8289355 | Importance of amino acid 101 within capsid protein VP1 for modulation of Theiler's virus-induced disease. | We constructed a Theiler's virus mutant designated DA3304, in which the amino acid at position 101 of VP1 was changed from a threonine to an alanine. Because of this single amino acid change, DA3304 could still produce a biphasic central nervous system disease similar to that produced by the wild-type DA virus. However... |
8289339 | DNA binding specificity of the bovine papillomavirus E1 protein is determined by sequences contained within an 18-base-pair inverted repeat element at the origin of replication. | Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNA replicates episomally and requires two virally expressed proteins, E1 and E2, for this process. Both proteins bind to the BPV-1 genome in the region that functions as the origin of replication. The binding sequences for the E2 protein have been characterized previously, but litt... |
8289333 | Human cytomegalovirus DNA replicates after early circularization by concatemer formation, and inversion occurs within the concatemer. | To determine the replicative mechanism for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA, field inversion gel electrophoresis was used to separate HCMV replicative DNAs during lytic infection. Unit-length circular HCMV genomes lacking terminal restriction fragments were detected starting 4 h after infection even when cells were tre... |
16349173 | Multicellular organization in a degradative biofilm community. | Diclofop methyl, a commercial herbicide, was used as the sole carbon source to cultivate diclofop-degrading biofilms in continuous-flow slide culture. The biofilms were analyzed by using scanning confocal laser microscopy and image analysis. Spatial relationships among members of the community were distinctive to diclo... |
7704491 | Fluorinated vesicles. | Stable fluorinated vesicles--i.e. vesicles with a hydrophobic and lipophobic fluorinated film within their bilayer membranes--have been obtained from a variety of neutral, zwitterionic or anionic fluorinated amphiphiles, including single chain phosphocholine derivatives, double-chain phospholipids, glycolipids and glyc... |
7704490 | Entrapment of cyclodextrin-drug complexes into liposomes: potential advantages in drug delivery. | A novel concept in drug delivery discussed here, takes advantage of certain properties of the drug "containers" cyclodextrins and liposomes to combine them into a single system thus circumventing problems associated with both systems. The concept, entailing entrapment of water-soluble cyclodextrin-drug inclusion comple... |
7695850 | Structural aspects of biomolecular recognition and self-assembly. | Proteins are capable of fulfilling two important features of any likely system of bioelectronics: the ability to recognise other molecules with exquisite specificity, and the ability to self-assemble, in vivo and in vitro, to generate an astonishing variety of three-dimensional structures. Much current work is aimed at... |
7898389 | Growth medium containing cyclodextrin and low concentration of horse serum for cultivation of Helicobacter pylori. | The growth of Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium, is often difficult and requires complex media with the supplementation of 5% to 10% blood or blood derivatives. We have found that Brucella broth supplemented with 1% heated horse serum and 0.1% beta-cyclodextrin supports the good growth of H... |
7533301 | Picornavirus inhibitors. | Picornaviruses are among the best understood animal viruses in molecular terms. A number of important human and animal pathogens are members of the Picornaviridae family. The genome organization, the different steps of picornavirus growth and numerous compounds that have been reported as inhibitors of picornavirus func... |
7863155 | [Neuropathies of septic syndrome with multiple organ failure in burnt patients: 2 cases with review of the literature]. | We report two cases of axonal sensori-motor polyneuropathies complicating sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF) among severely burned patients (total burned surface area of 35 to 40 per cent) in which no other cause of neuropathy was retrospectively identified. No steroids or neuromuscular blocking agents had been gi... |
7857033 | Synthesis and separation of optically active compounds. Part II. | This review is the second part of an article devoted to the synthesis and separation of optically active compounds. This article deals mainly with chiral chromatography which represents an important component of the state of art for the preparation of enantiomers, as illustrated by a description and a classification of... |
7857032 | [Demonstration of molecular combinations of alpha cyclodextrin (ACD) with dioctanoyl glycerol]. | The molecular association of dioctanoyl glycerol (DOG) with the natural alpha cyclodextrin molecule (ACD) was studied using small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) by proton and 13C NMR. While no classic inclusion complex was found, a molecular association exists, leading to the formation of an insoluble precipitate. The poss... |
7849961 | Double-tailed perfluoroalkylated glycolipids as components for drug delivery and targeting systems. Preliminary biocompatibility results. | Vesicles are being investigated as drug carriers, especially for enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug while minimizing its side effects. Drug targeting can be achieved if there is a specific recognition of the vesicle's outer wall by specific cells. With these objectives in mind new glycolipids fitted wi... |
7842863 | The biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen III: mechanism of action of porphobilinogen deaminase. | The biosynthesis of the uroporphyrinogen III macrocycle from porphobilinogen requires the sequential participation of two enzymes--porphobilinogen deaminase (1-hydroxymethylbilane synthase, EC 4.3.1.8) and uroporphyrinogen III synthase (cosynthase, EC 4.2.1.75). The product of the deaminase-catalysed reaction is a high... |
7842855 | Haem d1 and other haem cofactors from bacteria. | Several bacterial haem prosthetic groups whose structures deviate significantly from the ubiquitous protohaem (Fe-protoporphyrin) have been discovered recently. These newly discovered pigments contain dramatic modifications in their aromatic core and/or side chains. Examples include the dioxoisobacteriochlorin-type hae... |
7842850 | The modification of acetate and propionate side chains during the biosynthesis of haem and chlorophylls: mechanistic and stereochemical studies. | In the conversion of uroporphyrinogen III into protoporphyrin IX and thence into chlorophylls, all eight carboxylic side chains, as well as the four meso positions, are modified, and four enzymes are involved. In the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase-catalysed reaction all four acetate side chains are converted into methy... |
7530465 | Fluorospectrometric analysis of heparin interaction with fibroblast growth factors. | The fluorescence emission of a single tryptophan residue present in both FGF-1 and FGF-2 was used as a structural probe to directly assess the interaction of the growth factors with heparin or beta-cyclodextran tetradecasulfate. About 20-25% of the fluorescence of either FGF-1 or FGF-2 is quenchable, and is dependent o... |
7826581 | Monitoring the activity of glucose oxidase during the cultivation of Aspergillus niger using novel amperometric sensor with 1, 1'-dimethylferricinium as a mediator. | 1, 1'-dimethylferricinium (DMF+), a deep blue, and stable mediator, was prepared from a water-soluble 1, 1'-dimethylferrocene(DMF):2-hydroxypropyl- beta-cyclodextrin complex via enzymatic oxidation using immobilised bilirubin oxidase. This mediator was superior to other soluble ferrocenes, notably carboxyferrocene, in ... |
7974839 | [Functional interrelationships between dehydrogenases and transaminases in various regions of the rat brain as affected by small doses of gamma-radiation]. | Wistar rats were exposed to 10, 20 and 40 sGy of gamma-irradiation. Maximal activity of 2-oxoglutarate- and succinate dehydrogenases, as well as of aspartate-2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate-2-oxoglutarate in the brain tissue was measured within 30 days after the exposure. Dehydrogenase activity was measured in the brain co... |
7954850 | Complex intermolecular interactions maintain a stable linkage between the photoreceptor connecting cilium axoneme and plasma membrane. | Microtubule-membrane cross-linkers in motile and nonmotile cilia are supramolecular structures, held together by strong interactions between the constituent molecules. We have characterized these interactions in the photoreceptor connecting cilium, where cross-linkers co-fractionate and maintain their in situ location ... |
7947471 | Biochemo-mechanical function of urease-loaded gels. | A gel system is developed that undergoes a reversible volume phase transition in response to a small amount of urea. An N-isopropylacrylamide gel in which urease is immobilized by entrapping changes its equilibrium volume discontinuously when urea molecules are hydrolyzed by urease causing a change in pH that alters th... |
7919794 | Conformational and thermodynamic properties of supercoiled DNA. | Work in the 1990s has substantially increased our understanding of supercoiling conformations and energetics. We now know many of the basic properties of supercoiled DNA as a result of the synergy between experimental and theoretical analyses. We conclude by summarizing the results. 1. All available data indicate a ple... |
7919787 | Molecular nanomachines: physical principles and implementation strategies. | The goal of constructing artificial molecular machine systems able to perform mechanosynthesis is beyond the immediate reach of current laboratory techniques. Nonetheless, these systems can already be modeled in substantial detail, and existing techniques enable steps toward their implementation. Mechanosynthetic syste... |
7919226 | Cytokine control of cell motility: modulation and mediation by the extracellular matrix. | Cytokines are multifunctional regulators of cell behaviour affecting such diverse activities as cell proliferation, gene expression and motility. Matrix macromolecules influence a similarly wide range of cell functions. A review of the available literature suggests that cytokines may affect cell motility by (a) directl... |
8075980 | Solution structure of a pyrimidine.purine.pyrimidine DNA triplex containing T.AT, C+.GC and G.TA triples. | <h4>Background</h4>Under certain conditions, homopyrimidine oligonucleotides can bind to complementary homopurine sequences in homopurine-homopyrimidine segments of duplex DNA to form triple helical structures. Besides having biological implications in vivo, this property has been exploited in molecular biology applica... |
8068488 | Molecular modelling of the inclusion complexes between beta-cyclodextrin and (R)/(S)-methylphenobarbitone and its application to HPLC. | Molecular modelling of beta-cyclodextrin and optimisation of its potential energy suggests that a favoured conformation is that distorted from a symmetrical torus. The inclusion of water molecules into the torus cavity simulates the increased stability in an aqueous solvent. Complexes of beta-cyclodextrin with (R)- and... |
8061538 | Thrombin and antithrombotic therapy in interventional cardiology. | Despite developments in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, the success of this treatment method remains clouded by early and late reocclusion. Increased experience, advances in technology, and the introduction of adjunctive devices have contributed to a higher procedural success rate (90% to 95%) and to a ... |
8044898 | [Molecular recognition between GlcNAc and Plasmodium falciparum merozoites]. | In this study p-aminophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside was bound covalently to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form neoglycoprotein (GlcNAc-BSA). The antigenicity of BSA and the pyranose structure of the sugar was preserved. By using the neoglycoprotein antibody against BSA and staphylococcal protein A-go... |
8038509 | A clinical analysis of multiple organ failure following elective surgery. | A retrospective analysis was made of 58 patients who unexpectedly developed multiple organ failure (MOF) following elective surgery, and the results were compared with those of 168 control patients who did not develop MOF. In 33 patients with liver cirrhosis, MOF was related to poor liver function, a low albumin level,... |
7518274 | Assembly of tobacco mosaic virus and TMV-like pseudovirus particles in Escherichia coli. | High-level expression of plant viral proteins, including coat protein (CP), is possible in Escherichia coli. Native tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) CP expressed in E. coli remains soluble but has a non-acetylated N-terminal Ser residue and following extraction, is unable to package TMV RNA in vitro under standard assembly c... |
8026215 | The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: structure and autoimmune pathology. | The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) are presently the best-characterized neurotransmitter receptors. They are pentamers of homologous or identical subunits, symmetrically arranged to form a transmembrane cation channel. The AChR subunits form a family of homologous proteins, derived from a common ancestor. An ... |
8023684 | [Membrane diffusion of paracetamol]. | A study was made of how different cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives, such as alpha-CD, beta-CD, gamma-CD, dimethyl-beta-CD and random-methyl-beta-CD, influence the diffusion of paracetamol. For interpretation of the phenomena, dissolution rate investigations, measurements of surface tension and determinations of partition ... |
7517489 | Quantitation of angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. | A novel method for quantitating angiogenesis and its inhibition has been developed for the chick embryo. The method is based on the vertical growth of new capillary blood vessels into a collagen gel through two parallel nylon meshes which align the capillaries for counting. Angiogenesis is induced by basic fibroblast g... |
8007772 | A new nonionic macrocyclic gadolinium(III) chelate as a potential magnetic-resonance-imaging contrast agent. | A new GdIII complex of a 17-membered macrocycle with three pendant carboxymethyl groups has been synthesized; the ligand has been obtained in a single step from diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride (pentetic dianhydride) and 1,4-butanediamine (putrescine). An X-ray crystal analysis has shown that the complex is a ... |
8207051 | Antitumour activity of coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinomas. | Female SD rats with established 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumours were treated with coumarin (20 mg/kg body weight; six times per week) or its metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The anti-oestrogen tamoxifen (8.8 mg/kg) served as the reference drug. The inhibitory effect of ... |
8201522 | A study of the percutaneous absorption-enhancing effects of cyclodextrin derivatives in rats. | 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) and 2,6-dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (D-beta-CyD) were studied for transdermal penetration enhancement of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor liarozole by an in vivo transdermal absorption rat model. The mode of action of penetration enhancement was investigated by differential s... |
8201106 | Intra-operative gut mucosal hypoperfusion is associated with increased post-operative complications and cost. | <h4>Objectives</h4>To determine CO and gastric mucosal perfusion in patients during elective major surgery; to seek a relationship with subsequent outcome.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective descriptive study.<h4>Setting</h4>University hospital.<h4>Patients</h4>51 patients undergoing elective major surgery of an anticipated dur... |
8199752 | Effects of nocloprost clathrate on absorption of acetylsalicylic acid. | The cytoprotective prostaglandin E2 analog nocloprost clathrate (NOCLO) is tested as a prophylactic for gastrointestinal lesions of NSAID. The effects of 400 micrograms NOCLO versus respective placebos with and without equivalent amounts of beta-cyclodextrin on the pharmacokinetic behavior of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)... |
8199235 | Boronated starburst dendrimer-monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates: evaluation as a potential delivery system for neutron capture therapy. | Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear capture reaction that occurs when boron-10, a stable isotope, is irradiated with low-energy or thermal neutrons (< or = 0.025 eV) to yield high LET alpha particles and recoiling 7Li nuclei [10B + nth-->[11B]-->4He(alpha) + 7Li + 2.39 MeV]. Approximately 10(9)... |
7515034 | Cluster-10 lung-cancer antibodies recognize NSPs, novel neuro-endocrine proteins associated with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. | We have identified a novel gene (the NSP gene) encoding 3 transcripts and coding for 3 neuroendocrine-specific proteins (NSPs), by screening a cDNA expression library of the small-cell lung-cancer (SCLC) cell line NCI-H82 with the cluster-10 lung-cancer antibodies RNL2 and RNL3. The 3 transcripts code for NSPs with app... |
8186463 | Systematic mutational analysis of the yeast beta-tubulin gene. | A systematic strategy was used to create a synoptic set of mutations that are distributed throughout the single beta-tubulin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Clusters of charged amino acids were targeted for mutagenesis and converted to alanine to maximize alterations on the protein's surface and minimize alterations ... |
8184716 | [Activities at the polyvalent intensive care unit of the Santo António dos Capuchos Hospital]. | The authors present an audit to a multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary Hospital (HSAC) over its first year (1/07/1991-30/06/1992). The total study population numbered 282 patients, 52.5% admitted from the emergency room. The mean age was 57.91 +/- 18.16 years. Cardiovascular failure (39%) and respiratory... |
8181848 | Evaluation of definitions and parameters for sepsis assessment in patients after cardiac surgery. | In 110 patients undergoing elective heart surgery on extracorporeal circulation, various parameters were studied regarding the early assessment of septic complications. In a first step, the Elebute score definition for postoperative sepsis validated in general surgery patients (score > or = 12) could be confirmed in an... |
8164105 | Clearance of Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen is useful for monitoring treatment of experimental histoplasmosis. | We sought to determine whether measurement of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antigen concentration in tissues and blood provided a marker for antifungal effect of itraconazole in a nonlethal murine model of histoplasmosis. Treatment with itraconazole (Sporanox), in cyclodextrin, was evaluated in a pulmonary mod... |
8163752 | Significance of pathologic oxygen supply dependency in critically ill patients: comparison between measured and calculated methods. | <h4>Objective</h4>oxygen supply dependency at normal or high oxygen delivery rate has been increasingly proposed as a hallmark and a risk factor in critical illnesses. We hypothesized that as far as an adequate oxygen delivery is provided, oxygen consumption, when determined by indirect calorimetry, is not dependent on... |
8162325 | A new chromosome preparation technique for Coleoptera (Insecta). | A new squash technique with Giemsa staining is described for use with Coleoptera and Tettigonidae (Orthoptera). This method yields chromosome preparations suitable for the application of banding techniques. |
8162324 | Alphoid DNA diversity of a so-called monocentric Robertsonian fusion. | The centromeric heterochromatin of a Robertsonian translocation with t(13q14q), thought to be monocentric by conventional staining methods, was found to be dicentric using molecular techniques. The breakpoints were confined within the alphoid DNA subfamilies and fusion resulted in a compound centromere. The fragile nat... |
8162323 | Chromosomal locations of four minor rDNA loci and a marker microsatellite sequence in barley. | Four minor rDNA loci have been mapped physically to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chromosomes 1 (7l), 2 (2l), 4 (4l), and 5 (1l) by a two-step in situ hybridization procedure including a GAA microsatellite sequence. Reprobing with the microsatellite resulted in a distinct banding pattern, resembling the C-banding pattern... |
8162322 | Different species-specific chromosome translocations in Triticum timopheevii and T. turgidum support the diphyletic origin of polyploid wheats. | Triticum timopheevii ssp. timopheevii and T. timopheevii ssp. araraticum were analysed by sequential N-banding and genomic in situ hybridization. Three chromosomes, 6At, 1G and 4G, were involved in At-G intergenomic translocations in all six lines analysed. These chromosomes may be derived from a cyclic translocation t... |
8162321 | Fine structure of the XY body in the XY1Y2 trivalent of the bat Artibeus lituratus. | Electron microscopy of spread spermatocytes and thin sections has been used to study the sex trivalent (XY1Y2) of the bat Artibeus lituratus. Pachytene spermatocytes in thin sections show an XY body with typical chromatin condensation that is connected to autosomal chromatin through a synaptonemal complex (SC). Microsp... |
8162320 | The structure of human S-phase chromosome fibres. | Recent in situ hybridization studies suggested that within the range of 0.1-1.0 Mb, human interphase chromosomes follow a random walk model (i.e. they behave as flexible polymers without major constraints). However, chromosome structure may differ in the G1, S, and G2 phases, and phase-specific constraints may be maske... |
8162319 | Meiosis in chromosomally heteromorphic goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa (Artiodactyla, Bovidae). | Chromosomal-pairing behaviour was studied in the spermatocytes of individual goitered gazelles which were heteromorphic for a 14/15 Robertsonian translocation and which possessed an autosome-to-X translocation. Both translocations exhibited trivalent pairing configurations in pachytene and diakinesis/metaphase I nuclei... |
8162318 | Introgression of Elymus trachycaulus chromatin into common wheat. | A number of wheat-Elymus trachycaulus (2n = 4x = 28, genomically StStHtHt) chromosome addition, substitution, and translocation lines were isolated from the derivatives of an E. trachycaulus x wheat hybrid. Eighteen out of a total of 28 chromosome arms of E. trachycaulus were recovered in the addition lines. The genomi... |
7512879 | 5-azacytidine produces differential undercondensation of alpha, beta and classical human satellite DNAs. | Fluorescence in situ hybridization employing human alphoid, beta and classical satellite DNA probes was performed on 5-azacytidine treated and untreated chromosomes obtained from human lymphocytes. The individual used in this study presented a polymorphism of constitutive heterochromatin of chromosomes 1 and 9 as revea... |
8162317 | Differentiation of field bean heterochromatin by in situ hybridization with a repeated FokI sequence. | The chromosomes of a field bean line with a reconstructed karyotype (ACB) were hybridized in situ with biotinylated probes of a repetitive Fok I sequence, of DOP-PCR (degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction) amplified DNA from a chromosome that does not contain this sequence, and with probes contain... |
8162316 | The radial positions of metaphase chromosomes may be a consequence of the relative strength of their interaction with the spindle and their size. | Microtubule oriented forces acting on chromosomes on spindles in mitosis and meiosis will produce a radial component of force in the plane of the metaphase plate. The strength of this vector will depend on the angle at which the microtubule meets the plate. Radial forces will tend to segregate chromosomes to peripheral... |
8162315 | Sensitivity enhancement of fluorescence in situ hybridization on plant chromosomes. | An improved in situ hybridization procedure is presented, based on synchronization of root meristems of barley and wheat, enzymatic digestion, a protoplast drop technique, and the use of the fluorescent dye Cy3. The combination of these approaches resulted in a significant increase of well-spread metaphases suitable fo... |
8161595 | Cyclodextrins as versatile chiral recognition reagents for use in a variety of optical and separative analyses. | A short overview is presented covering the actual and potential use of cyclodextrins and some of their derivatives in analytical chemistry. The contributions in separation science, including HPLC, GC, CE and MEKC are noted, together with applications in circular dichroism and luminescence techniques, including fluoresc... |
8156824 | Molecular chaperone properties of the high molecular weight aggregate from aged lens. | The high molecular weight aggregate (HMWA) fraction was isolated from the water soluble proteins of aged bovine lenses. Its composition and ability to inhibit heat-induced denaturation and aggregation were compared with the lower molecular weight, oligomeric fraction of alpha isolated from the same lens. Although the m... |
7764619 | Role of structural domains for maize gamma-zein retention in Xenopus oocytes. | In order to examine the role of cysteine (Cys)-rich domains in the accumulation of maize (Zea mays L.) gamma-zein within the endoplasmic-reticulum-derived protein bodies, we studied the localization of gamma-zein and of two truncated forms of gamma-zein in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The two derivatives were constructed fr... |
8146125 | Molecular surface representations by sparse critical points. | We have defined a molecular surface representation that describes precisely and concisely the complete molecular surface. The representation consists of a limited number of critical points disposed at key locations over the surface. These points adequately represent the shape and the important characteristics of the su... |
8144711 | SPROUT: recent developments in the de novo design of molecules. | SPROUT is a computer program for constrained structure generation. It is designed to generate molecules for a range of applications in molecular recognition. The program uses a number of approximations that enable a wide variety of diverse structures to be generated. Practical use of the program is demonstrated in two ... |
8143685 | Analysis of mephenytoin, 4-hydroxymephenytoin and 4-hydroxyphenytoin enantiomers in human urine by cyclodextrin micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography: simple determination of a hydroxylation polymorphism in man. | Using cyclodextrin micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (CD-MECC), baseline separation of mephenytoin, 4-hydroxymephenytoin and 4-hydroxyphenytoin enantiomers in urine was effected with beta-cyclodextrin. After single-dose administration of 100 mg of racemic mephenytoin, the 0-8 h urine was collected, and e... |
8141584 | Molecular characterization of an enterobacterial metallo beta-lactamase found in a clinical isolate of Serratia marcescens that shows imipenem resistance. | A clinical isolate of Serratia marcescens (TN9106) produced a metallo beta-lactamase (IMP-1) which conferred resistance to imipenem and broad-spectrum beta-lactams. The blaIMP gene providing imipenem resistance was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli HB101. The IMP-1 was purified from E. coli HB101 that harbors pS... |
8140060 | Effect of cyclodextrins on protein binding of drugs: the diflunisal/hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin model case. | The binding of diflunisal to hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP beta CD), bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), normal human plasma, and mixed solutions of HP beta CD/protein was studied at 25 degrees C, pH 7.4, by potentiometry using an electrode selective to diflunisal. The experimental data for dif... |
8140039 | Preparation, characterization, and pharmaceutical application of linear dextrins. III. Drug release from fatty suppository bases containing amylodextrin. | Drug release from fatty suppository bases containing a solid dispersion of diazepam with amylodextrin or a complex of prednisolone with amylodextrin was analyzed in a flow-through model. Being present as a suspension in the fatty base, particles of complex or solid dispersion are transported to the lipid-water interfac... |
8138909 | Adenosine receptor prodrugs: synthesis and biological activity of derivatives of potent, A1-selective agonists. | 5'-Ester derivatives of the potent adenosine agonists N6-[4-[[[[4-[[[(2-acetylaminoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl] anilino]carbonyl]methyl]phenyl]adenosine (N-AcADAC; 1) and N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA; 2) were prepared as prodrugs. Both alkyl esters or carbonates (designed to enter the brain by virtue of increased lipop... |
8138178 | Translational maintenance of frame: mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with altered -1 ribosomal frameshifting efficiencies. | A special site on the (+) strand of the L-A dsRNA virus induces about 2% of ribosomes translating the gag open reading frame to execute a -1 frameshift and thus produce the viral gag-pol fusion protein. Using constructs in which a -1 ribosomal frameshift at this site was necessary for expression of lacZ we isolated chr... |
8138155 | forked proteins are components of fiber bundles present in developing bristles of Drosophila melanogaster. | The forked (f) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes six different transcripts 6.4, 5.6, 5.4, 2.5, 1.9, and 1.1 kb long. These transcripts arise by the use of alternative promoters. A polyclonal antibody raised against a domain common to all of the forked-encoded products has been used to identify forked proteins on ... |
8130642 | Fibril assembly and carotenoid overaccumulation in chromoplasts: a model for supramolecular lipoprotein structures. | Chromoplast development in ripening bell pepper fruits is characterized by a massive synthesis of carotenoid pigments, resulting in their distinctive red color. We have shown that 95% of these pigments accumulate in chromoplasts in specific lipoprotein fibrils. In addition to carotenoids, purified fibrils contain galac... |
8130341 | Energy transfer in the inhomogeneously broadened core antenna of purple bacteria: a simultaneous fit of low-intensity picosecond absorption and fluorescence kinetics. | The excited state decay kinetics of chromatophores of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum have been recorded at 77 K using picosecond absorption difference spectroscopy under strict annihilation free conditions. The kinetics are shown to be strongly detection wavelength dependent. A simultaneous k... |
8129379 | Application of a novel 1,1'-dimethylferricinium dye for the determination of uric acid in urine. | Water-soluble 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Hp-beta-CyD), a cyclic and nonreducing oligosaccharide was used to enclose a hydrophobic guest molecule 1,1'-dimethylferrocene (DMF) to form a water-soluble yellow complex. At high concentrations (300 mM), Hp-beta-CyD enclosed up to 100 mM DMF. The yellow complex was ele... |
8127650 | On the relationship between preferred termination codon contexts and nonsense suppression in human cells. | The nucleotide sequences 3' to the translational termination codons in a collection of human genes have been analysed for evidence of a preferred 3' context for natural UAG codons. The aim was to see whether human UAG contexts can be related to the recent demonstration of the effects of 3' context on nonsense suppressi... |
8126210 | An automated enzymatic method for measurement of D-arabinitol, a metabolite of pathogenic Candida species. | An automated enzymatic method was developed for the measurement of D-arabinitol in human serum. The assay is based on a novel, highly specific D-arabinitol dehydrogenase from Candida tropicalis. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of D-arabinitol to D-ribulose and the concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. The NADH pro... |
8126165 | Epidemiological study of Norwalk virus infections in Japan and Southeast Asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with Norwalk virus capsid protein produced by the baculovirus expression system. | In this study, we investigated Norwalk virus (NV) antigen and antibody to recombinant NV (rNV) in human populations in Japan and Southeast Asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Baculovirus-expressed recombinant NV (rNV) capsid protein was used for preparing antisera to rNV or used as an antigen for detec... |
8125386 | Clinical significance of translocation. | The gastrointestinal tract, besides being the organ responsible for nutrient absorption, is also a metabolic and immunological system, functioning as an effective barrier against endotoxin and bacteria in the intestinal lumen. The passage of viable bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract through the epithelial mucosa ... |
8124576 | Studies on picrotoxin binding sites of GABAA receptors in rat cortical synaptoneurosomes. | Experiments were performed to characterize [35S]TBPS binding in rat cortical synaptoneurosomes, which have vesicular structures containing both pre- and postsynaptic elements. Scatchard analysis revealed a single component of [35S]TBPS binding sites with KD and Bmax values of 76.1 nM and 1.97 pmoles/mg protein, respect... |
8121809 | AU-A, an RNA-binding activity distinct from hnRNP A1, is selective for AUUUA repeats and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. | The 3'-untranslated regions of many labile transcripts contain AU-rich sequences that serve as cis determinants of mRNA stability and translational efficiency. Using a photocrosslinking technique, our laboratory has previously defined three cytoplasmic RNA-binding activities specific for the AUUUA multimers found in th... |
8121264 | Dendrimer-based metal chelates: a new class of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. | We have developed a new class of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents with large proton relaxation enhancements and high molecular relaxivities. The reagents are built from the polyamidoamine form of Starburst dendrimers in which free amines have been conjugated to the chelator 2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-6-methyl... |
7764520 | Acceptor specificities of alpha-mannosidases from jack bean and almond, and transmannosylation of branched cyclodextrins. | Jack bean alpha-mannosidase had a wide acceptor specificity and could transfer mannosyl residues to various acceptors such as D-fructose, L-arabinose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose. The structures of the transferred products of branched cyclodextrins (CDs) (glucosyl-beta CD, maltosyl-alpha CD, and maltosyl-beta CD) wer... |
7764509 | Two sulfhydryl groups near the active site of soybean beta-amylase. | The less reactive SH groups of soybean beta-amylase, SH4, SH5, and SH6, were modified with p-chloromercuribenzoic acid or N-ethylmaleimide, after the reactive SH groups, SH1, SH2, and SH3, were blocked with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and cyanide. The enzyme activity decreased, accompanied by the modification ... |
8117096 | Cloning and sequencing of the Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum B6A-RI apu gene and purification and characterization of the amylopullulanase from Escherichia coli. | The amylopullulanase gene (apu) of the thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum B6A-RI was cloned into Escherichia coli. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. It encoded a protein consisting of 1,288 amino acids with a signal peptide of 35 amino acids. The enzyme pur... |
8107283 | [Clinical relevance of determination of plasma ATIII and alpha 2 PI activities in patients with DIC--application of the molecular markers for the analysis of pathophysiology of DIC]. | The clinical relevance of determination of plasma antithrombin III(ATIII) and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2 PI) activities in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was analyzed. Although the plasma ATIII activity was decreased in patients with DIC, no significant correlation was observed betwe... |
8107281 | [Abnormal endothelium and its clinical markers]. | The endothelial cells lining the luminal surface of vessels play important roles in maintaining the integrity of the vasculature. Endothelial cells construct a thromboresistent surface, and regulate vascular tone, adhesion of leukocytes, and cell growth. The dysfunction or injury of endothelial cells is the cause, not ... |
8311839 | Architecture of the nuclear pore complex and its involvement in nucleocytoplasmic transport. | Recent structural analyses of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) have described in some detail the numerous sub-domains which make up this supramolecular assembly. Three dimensional image analysis of detergent-extracted NPCs reveals that the NPC framework is made up of spoke units, each containing four major domains, arran... |
8306994 | Chlorophyll synthetase cannot synthesize chlorophyll a'. | Chlorophyll synthetase catalyzes the last step of chlorophyll biosynthesis, namely prenylation (esterification) of chlorophyllide with phytyl diphosphate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate. During investigation of various chlorophyllide derivatives as potential substrates we observed lower esterification with increasing per... |
8306960 | Structure and function of the b/HLH/Z domain of USF. | The basic/helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (b/HLH/Z) transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor (USF) and its isolated DNA binding domain undergo a random coil to alpha-helix folding transition on recognizing their cognate DNA. The USF b/HLH cocrystal structure resembles the structure of the b/HLH/Z domain of the ... |
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