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7830280 | Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of phenylenebis(methylene)-linked bis-tetraazamacrocycles that inhibit HIV replication. Effects of macrocyclic ring size and substituents on the aromatic linker. | We have previously described the potent and selective inhibition of several strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) by JM2763, an n-propyl-linked dimer of the 1,4,8,11-tetraazamacrocyclic (cyclam) ring system. Upon further investigation, we have also found that incorporating an aromati... |
7826328 | Isolation, purification and structure of exochelin MS, the extracellular siderophore from Mycobacterium smegmatis. | The extracellular siderophore from Mycobacterium smegmatis, exochelin MS, was isolated from iron-deficiently grown cultures and purified to > 98% by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and h.p.l.c. The material is unextractable into organic solvents, is basic (pI = 9.3-9.5), has a lambda max at 420 nm and a pr... |
7529995 | Time-dependent inhibition of peptidylprolyl cis-trans-isomerases by FK506 is probably due to cis-trans isomerization of the inhibitor's imide bond. | Free in solution, the immunosuppressive compounds cyclosporin A (CsA), FK506, ascomycin and rapamycin are present in many solvents in various slowly interconverting conformations. Together with their cellular receptor proteins, cyclophilin (CyP) and FK506-binding protein (FKBP), however, these inhibitors have been show... |
7823319 | Molecular recognition of receptor sites using a genetic algorithm with a description of desolvation. | Understanding the principles whereby macromolecular biological receptors can recognise small molecule substrates or inhibitors is the subject of a major effort. This is of paramount importance in rational drug design where the receptor structure is known (the "docking" problem). Current theoretical approaches utilise m... |
7529831 | Sigma ligands indirectly modulate the NMDA receptor-ion channel complex on intact neuronal cells via sigma 1 site. | To investigate the modulatory effects of sigma ligands on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-ion channel complex in vivo, we examined the intact cell binding of 3H-N-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (3H-TCP) to cultured neuronal cells prepared from fetal rat telencephalon. The 3H-TCP binding was saturable, rev... |
7823157 | Clustering of Na+ channels and node of Ranvier formation in remyelinating axons. | Polyclonal antibodies were raised against a well conserved region of the vertebrate Na+ channel and were affinity purified for use in immunocytochemistry. Focal demyelination of rat sciatic axons was initiated by an intraneural injection of lysolecithin and Na+ channel clustering was followed at several stages of myeli... |
7822422 | Sequence and domain organization of scruin, an actin-cross-linking protein in the acrosomal process of Limulus sperm. | The acrosomal process of Limulus sperm is an 80-microns long finger of membrane supported by a crystalline bundle of actin filaments. The filaments in this bundle are crosslinked by a 102-kD protein, scruin present in a 1:1 molar ratio with actin. Recent image reconstruction of scruin decorated actin filaments at 13-A ... |
7822421 | Depletion of calcium from the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum reversibly inhibits passive diffusion and signal-mediated transport into the nucleus. | Nuclear pore complexes provide channels for molecular transport across the nuclear envelope. Translocation of most proteins and RNAs through the pore complex is mediated by signal- and ATP-dependent mechanisms, while transport of small molecules is accomplished by passive diffusion. We report here that depletion of cal... |
7822409 | Structural changes accompanying GTP hydrolysis in microtubules: information from a slowly hydrolyzable analogue guanylyl-(alpha,beta)-methylene-diphosphonate. | We have used cryoelectron microscopy to try to understand the structural basis for the role of GTP hydrolysis in destabilizing the microtubule lattice. We have measured a structural difference introduced into microtubules by replacing GTP with guanylyl-(alpha,beta)-methylene-diphosphonate (GMPCPP). In a stable GMPCPP m... |
7818257 | Histometric effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor in wobbler mouse motor neuron disease. | We investigated the histological effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor on degenerating motor neurons, their axons, and skeletal muscles in 68 wobbler mice with motor neuron disease. Treatment consisted of recombinant rat or human ciliary neurotrophic factor (or a vehicle solution), 1-mg/kg subcutaneous injection, thre... |
7816849 | Analysis of chemical signals by nervous systems. | Intraspecific and interspecific communication and recognition depend on olfaction in widely diverse species of animals. Olfaction, an ancient sensory modality, is based on principles of neural organization and function that appear to be remarkably similar throughout the zoosphere. Thus, the "primitives" of olfactory st... |
7816840 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens: structure and serology of multivalent human mucin MUC1-HIV V3 chimeric proteins. | Molecular modeling and two-dimensional NMR techniques enable us to identify structural features in the third variable region (V3) loop of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surface glycoprotein gp120, in particular the principal neutralizing determinant (PND), that remain conserved despite the sequence variation. T... |
7816824 | Identification, activity, and structural studies of peptides incorporating the phorbol ester-binding domain of protein kinase C. | The family of homologous enzymes known as protein kinase C (PKC) has been the object of intense interest because of its crucial role in cellular signal transduction. Although considerable information about the activation of PKC has been gained through structure-activity, molecular modeling, and synthetic studies of bot... |
7816811 | Supramolecular structure of the photosystem II complex from green plants and cyanobacteria. | Photosystem II (PSII) complexes, isolated from spinach and the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, were characterized by electron microscopy and single-particle image-averaging analyses. Oxygen-evolving core complexes from spinach and Synechococcus having molecular masses of about 450 kDa and dimension... |
7814629 | Clinical implications of the stress response. | A field of research that began with a curious observation in Drosophila has resulted in a new understanding of how cells respond to sudden and adverse changes in their environment. In addition through the study of the structure/function of the stress proteins, especially those which function as molecular chaperones, ne... |
7811736 | Interaction of ATP and lens alpha crystallin characterized by equilibrium binding studies and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy. | alpha-Crystallin, the most prevalent protein in vertebrate lenses, is a high molecular weight aggregate composed of alpha A and alpha B subunits. Evidence is presented that ATP, a major phosphorus metabolite of the lens binds to alpha-crystallin extracted from calf lenses. The following parameters were obtained from eq... |
7806390 | Analysis of expression of CagA and VacA virulence factors in 43 strains of Helicobacter pylori reveals that clinical isolates can be divided into two major types and that CagA is not necessary for expression of the vacuolating cytotoxin. | Colonization of the mucosa of the stomach and the duodenum by Helicobacter pylori is the major cause of acute and chronic gastroduodenal pathologies in humans. Duodenal ulcer formation strongly correlates with the expression of an antigen (CagA) that is usually coeexpressed with the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), a prot... |
7806374 | The primary structure of Clostridium septicum alpha-toxin exhibits similarity with that of Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin. | The gene for Clostridium septicum alpha-toxin was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli from C. septicum BX96. The toxin was determined to be 443 amino acids in length, with a 31-residue signal peptide that was removed from the toxin during secretion. No extended hydrophobic regions were observed in the mature toxin... |
7806367 | Noninhibitory binding of human interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells to the germ tube forms of Candida albicans. | During incubation in vitro with yeast or germ tube forms of Candida albicans, only 2 to 6% of freshly isolated human natural killer (NK) cells (> 85% CD16+, CD56+, CD3-; < 15% CD3+; cytolytic for the NK-susceptible target K562 but not for the NK-resistant target DAUDI), were seen to interact with the fungal cells. As s... |
7528733 | Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein neutralizes gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides in human whole blood. | We have tested hypotheses relating lipoprotein structure to function as measured by the relative ability to neutralize endotoxin by comparing natural human lipoproteins, a chemically defined form of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (R-HDL), and a lipid emulsion (Intralipid). The human whole-blood system was used ... |
7806356 | Inhibition of Listeria locomotion by mosquito oostatic factor, a natural oligoproline peptide uncoupler of profilin action. | Mosquito oostatic factor, a naturally occurring decapeptide (YDPAPPPPPP), strikingly resembles the primary structure of oligoproline-rich regions within the protein ActA, a bacterial surface protein required for Listeria motility in host cells. When microinjected into Listeria-infected PtK2 cells, the insect oostatic f... |
7799959 | Modulation of cellular thermoresistance and actin filament stability accompanies phosphorylation-induced changes in the oligomeric structure of heat shock protein 27. | Phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) can modulate actin filament dynamics in response to growth factors. During heat shock, HSP27 is phosphorylated at the same sites and by the same protein kinase as during mitogenic stimulation. This suggests that the same function of the protein may be activated during gr... |
7799944 | Two functionally distinct RNA-binding motifs in the regulatory domain of the protein kinase DAI. | The RNA-binding domain of the protein kinase DAI, the double-stranded RNA inhibitor of translation, contains two repeats of a motif that is also found in a number of other RNA-binding proteins. This motif consists of 67 amino acid residues and is predicted to contain a positively charged alpha helix at its C terminus. ... |
7799436 | Matching electrostatic charge between DNA and coat protein in filamentous bacteriophage. Fibre diffraction of charge-deletion mutants. | The virion of Ff (fd, f1, M13) filamentous bacteriophage consists of a long tube of coat protein subunits in a shingled, helical array, surrounding a genome of circular single-stranded DNA. Modified fd virions have been generated by a mutation (K48A) that removes one positive charge from each coat protein subunit in th... |
7527088 | Comparative sequence analysis of the reovirus S4 genes from 13 serotype 1 and serotype 3 field isolates. | The reovirus sigma 3 protein is a major outer capsid protein that may function to regulate translation within infected cells. To facilitate the understanding of sigma 3 structure and functions and the evolution of mammalian reoviruses, we sequenced cDNA copies of the S4 genes from 10 serotype 3 and 3 serotype 1 reoviru... |
7983749 | Equal levels of gp120 retention and neutralization resistance of phenotypically distinct primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants upon soluble CD4 treatment. | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants passaged in T-cell lines, often called laboratory isolates, are potently neutralized by soluble CD4 (sCD4), whereas primary HIV-1 variants are highly resistant to sCD4 neutralization. Previously, it was demonstrated that the domain from V1 to V3 of the HIV-1 gp120 mo... |
7983734 | Adaptation to persistent growth in the H9 cell line renders a primary isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sensitive to neutralization by vaccine sera. | Seven diverse primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were examined and found to be refractory to neutralization by antisera to recombinant gp120 (rgp120) protein from HIV-1 MN. This stands in marked contrast to the sensitivity exhibited by certain laboratory-adapted viruses. To understand the d... |
7983731 | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 MA deletion mutants expressed in baculovirus-infected cells: cis and trans effects on the Gag precursor assembly pathway. | The role of the matrix protein (MA) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in intracellular transport, assembly, and extracellular release of Gag polyprotein precursor (Pr55gag) was investigated by deletion mutagenesis of the MA domain of recombinant Gag precursor expressed in baculovirus-infected cells. In addition, t... |
7983715 | NF-Y controls transcription of the minute virus of mice P4 promoter through interaction with an unusual binding site. | Electrophoretic mobility shift assays performed with nuclear extracts from human fibroblasts revealed the formation of two major protein complexes with an oligonucleotide (nucleotides 78 to 107) from the palindromic region located upstream from the minute virus of mice (MVM) P4 promoter. It was shown that this oligonuc... |
7983707 | Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry in the CDR2 loop of the CD4 glycoprotein. | Various roles for the viral receptor, CD4, have been proposed in facilitating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry, including virion binding to the target cell and the induction of conformational changes in the viral envelope glycoproteins required for the membrane fusion reaction. Here, we compare the str... |
7527081 | Primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are relatively resistant to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies to gp120, and their neutralization is not predicted by studies with monomeric gp120. | A panel of anti-gp120 human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs), CD4-IgG, and sera from people infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was tested for neutralization of nine primary HIV-1 isolates, one molecularly cloned primary strain (JR-CSF), and two strains (IIIB and MN) adapted for growth in transforme... |
7983700 | A switch region determines the cell type-specific positive or negative action of YY1 on the activity of the human papillomavirus type 18 promoter. | YY1 is a zinc finger transcription factor which acts as either a repressor or an activator dependent on the promoter context. YY1 is a potent activator of the genuine human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) upstream regulatory region (URR) in HeLa cells, which are known for high-level expression of the HPV-18 early genes... |
36600547 | Characterization and Dissolution Study of Oxodipine from Solid Binary Systems. | Thennomicroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to characterize solid binary systems prepared with oxodipine and PEG 6000, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin or mannitol. DSC curves did not allow to diferentiate physical mixtures from solid dispersions. Thennomicroscopy revealed the interactions that c... |
36600541 | Inclusion Complexes of Terfenadine-Cyclodextrins. | Terfenadine, a poorly soluble, H<sub>1</sub>-antihistamine was solubilised using B-cyclodextrin and its derivatives. A molar ratio of 1:1 of the drug and cyclodextrin was prepared by the kneading method. The inclusion complex was characterised and evaluated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry & X-ray Diffractometry. <... |
22358746 | The use of serum-free medium for the production of functionally active humanised monoclonal antibody from NS0 mouse myeloma cells engineered using glutamine synthetase as a selectable marker. | A protein-free growth medium (W38 medium) had previously been developed for the NS0 mouse myeloma cell line which is cholesterol-auxotrophic. This paper describes the development of a protein-free growth medium for NS0 cells expressing humanised monoclonal antibody using GS (glutamine synthetase) as a selectable marker... |
19877925 | Strategy for the selection of scaffolds for tissue engineering. | A strategy for developing scaffolding materials for prostheses capable of inducing tissue regeneration is presented. It is based on knowledge of the stimuli cells need to carry out their programs of division, morphogenesis, and differentiation, that is, of tissue building. The source of the stimulation is shown to be t... |
18966210 | The use of macrocycles as electroosmotic flow modifiers in the separation of inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis. | In a novel approach to the use of macrocycles in separation systems, we report the use of macrocyclic ligands as electroosmotic flow modifiers for the separation of inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Inorganic anions were successfully separated through the use of 18-crown-6 or cryptand 2.2.2. as electr... |
18472761 | On the Mechanism of Action of the Antitumor Drug cis-Platin (cis-DDP) and its Second Generation Derivatives. | The present article attempts to summarise the elements of the mechanism of action of the antitumor drug cis -Platin presented the last few years. Highlights on the discovery, of the drug and the development of it's second generation derivatives are presented, as well as the ways that cis -DDP reacts with biomolecules a... |
18475645 | Th2 cells and cytokine networks in allergic inflammation of the lung. | The cytokines released from Th2 and Th2-like cells are likely to be central to the pathophysiolgy of asthma and allergy, contributing to aberrant IgE production, eosinophilia and, perhaps, mucosal susceptibility to viral infection. IL-4 has emerged as a central target, not only for B cell IgE production, but also in th... |
15299342 | Correlation function method in protein crystallography. | A weighted correlation function as a method for computing electron-density maps is proposed to reduce the errors of the Fourier syntheses performed on inaccurate and/or incomplete data. The formulae are revised for the difference Patterson vector search, for multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) and single isomorphous... |
15299339 | Time-averaging crystallographic refinement: possibilities and limitations using alpha-cyclodextrin as a test system. | The method of time-averaging crystallographic refinement is assessed using a small molecule, alpha-cyclodextrin, as a test system. A total of 16 refinements are performed on simulated data. Three resolution ranges of the data are used, the memory relaxation time of the averaging is varied, and several overall temperatu... |
7578422 | Dissection of ADP-ribose polymer synthesis into individual steps of initiation, elongation, and branching. | We have studied the automodification reaction of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) (EC 2.4.2.30). The individual reactions of initiation, elongation, and branching catalyzed by this enzyme have been dissected out by manipulating the concentration of beta NAD, the ADP-ribosylation substrate. While PARP-mono(ADP-ribose) ... |
7572032 | An immunohistochemical study on cutaneous sensory receptors after chronic median nerve compression in man. | Carpal tunnel syndrome represents the most frequent chronic compressive neuropathy in man and hence may be investigated as a spontaneous model of peripheral nerve damage and repair. In the present report the fate of nerve fibers in the digital skin after long-lasting median nerve compression has been investigated immun... |
10188781 | Molecular probes for muscarinic receptors: functionalized congeners of selective muscarinic antagonists. | The muscarinic agonist oxotremorine and the tricyclic muscarinic antagonists pirenzepine and telenzepine have been derivatized using a functionalized congener approach for the purpose of synthesizing high affinity ligand probes that are suitable for conjugation with prosthetic groups, for receptor cross-linking, fluore... |
9501966 | Cyclodextrin derivatives in pharmaceutics. | The current cyclodextrin (CD) literature is reviewed concerning synthesis, characterization, and pharmaceutical relevant applications of CD derivatives. Although natural CDs have been used extensively to improve pharmaceutical properties, the effects of chemically modified CDs on the solubility, dissolution rate, and s... |
9346843 | Chemoselective approaches to the preparation of peptide dendrimers and branched artificial proteins using unprotected peptides as building blocks. | Peptide dendrimers such as Multiple Antigen Peptides (MAPs) are artificial proteins with branched architectures. They hold promise in biochemical and biomedical applications such as synthetic vaccines, serodiagnostics and intracellular delivery of peptides. We have shown that a new design of MAPs containing lipidated b... |
9189717 | Molecular chaperones: physical and mechanistic properties. | Molecular chaperones can be broadly defined as proteins which interact with non-native states of other protein molecules. This activity is important in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides and the assembly of multisubunit structures; the maintenance of proteins in unfolded states suitable for translocation acr... |
8934957 | Anesthesia for maxillary and mandibular osteotomies in osteogenesis imperfecta. | A 21-yr-old female suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta was anesthetized for correction of maxillary and mandibular deformities that had restricted her chewing. Preoperative assessment revealed a difficult intubation, restrictive lung disease secondary to bony deformities, and multiple repairs of fractures. Managemen... |
8878795 | Levels of soluble adhesion molecules and cytokines in patients with septic multiple organ failure. | Multiple organ failure (MOF) is a common complication of sepsis or septic shock. In this condition, it is believed that activated neutrophils adhere to the vascular endothelium and induce various mediators and tissue damage, leading to organ damage. We investigated the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokine activating ... |
8841593 | DNA recognition by peptide oligomers. | It has been demonstrated that coupling a host-guest complex formation onto the DNA binding ability of short peptides gave raise a cooperative DNA binding by short peptide dimers. This strategy was extend to study the DNA binding by oligomers of short peptide. An amino acid bearing the adamantyl group was incorporated a... |
8841592 | Sequence-specific DNA recognition by peptide heterodimers. | The DNA binding motif rich in basic amino acid residues is used by a variety of DNA binding proteins to recognize specific DNA sequences. We report here a sequence-specific DNA recognition by peptide heterodimers derived from the basic leucine zipper proteins. Specific hetero-dimerization is controlled by an artificial... |
8720190 | Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. | This report presents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives and contaminants, with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes for humans, and to prepare specifications for the identity and purity of food additives. The first part of the report ... |
8717226 | [Hepatic lesions in F344 rats treated orally with beta-cyclodextrin for 13 weeks]. | A 13-week oral toxicity study of beta-cyclodextrin was carried out in F344 rats at the dose levels of 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.6 and 0% in powdered diet. Each group consisted of 10 males and 10 females. All animals survived at the end of the experiment, while a slight decrease in body-weight gain was observed in males of th... |
8705257 | Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) following intranasal administration in rabbits. | The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of G-CSF as well as their relationship following intranasal (i.n.) administration of aqueous rhG-CSF preparations with or without additives. In order to achieve a better understanding of the dosage regimen and the effectiveness of int... |
8713981 | Conversion of the myometrial oxytocin receptor from low to high affinity state by cholesterol. | Reconstitution experiments with the myometrial oxytocin receptor from guinea pig showed a strong requirement of the oxytocin receptor binding function for the presence of cholesterol in preformed liposomes. To investigate the effect of cholesterol on the oxytocin receptor in the plasma membrane, a new method to modify ... |
8643363 | Molecular recognition of tRNA(Pro) by Escherichia coli proline-tRNA synthetase. | We have investigated the molecular recognition of tRNA(Pro) by Escherichia coli proline tRNA synthetase (ProRS) in vitro using semi-synthetic tRNAs and site-directed mutagenesis of full-length tRNA transcripts. These studies have led to an improved understanding of how this class II synthetase interacts with its tRNA s... |
8630456 | Continuous hemofiltration in patients with acute renal failure. | Many intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute renal failure (ARF) have multiple organ failure (MOF) and cardiovascular instability. Continuous hemofiltration (CH) is a widely accepted technique for the treatment of such critically ill patients. The authors treated ten patients with ARF and MOF. Continuous arteriov... |
8574152 | Synthesis, activity and toxicity of novel macrocyclic ligands against HIV-1 in Jurkat and CEM-SS cell lines. | We have developed versatile synthetic routes that afford metal-free macrocycles containing different functionalities in their framework. Novel oxaziridine and amide containing macrocycles were synthesized, and the metal complexes of the latter were also prepared. A series of theophilline and thymidine side-arm containi... |
8564677 | [Lung contusion in the multiple trauma patient]. | The main management's characteristics of the pulmonary contusion in the trauma patients are explained. From possible alveolocapillary membrane's injuries, with consideration of worsening evolution (ARDS, nosocomial infection, MOF), main points of discussion are circulation and mechanical ventilation. For the most sever... |
7495762 | New hydrophilic polyesters and related polymers as bioerodible polymeric matrices. | A survey is reported on our activity performed in the last few years on the preparation of new synthetic and semisynthetic polymeric materials endowed with bioerodible-biodegradable characteristics and designed for applications in the practice of controlled release of active principles of pharmaceutical and agrochemica... |
8681397 | Actin filaments in honeybee-flight muscle move collectively. | To investigate the pattern of actin-filament translation in the intact myofibrillar matrix, we carried out electron micrographic experiments on the "rigor-stretch" model of insect-flight muscle. In this model, thin filaments are mechanically severed from their connections to the Z-line and may then slide freely over th... |
8652103 | Engineered fusion molecules at chelator lipid interfaces imaged by reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM). | In molecular biology, biotechnology, and protein-engineering, the expression of histidine fusion proteins is a very powerful technique for the identification and one-step purification based on the interaction of the histidine stretch with immobilized metal complexes. By synthesis of a novel class of chelator lipids, th... |
8660141 | Investigation of potential oncogenetic effects of beta-cyclodextrin in the rat and mouse. | The results of oncogenicity studies of beta-cyclodextrin in inbred Fischer 344 rats and CD-1 outbred mice are presented. Chronic feeding of beta-cyclodextrin to Fischer 344 rats and CD-1 mice did not cause any treatment related carcinogenic effects. The only toxic effect was seen in mice as macroscopic distension of th... |
8785474 | Use of cyclodextrin and its derivatives as carriers for oligonucleotide delivery. | The use of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides as tools for modulating gene expression represents a novel strategy for designing drugs to treat a variety of diseases. Several factors, including cellular uptake and internalization of the phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide, are important parameters in det... |
8655639 | Exploring nuclear pore complex structure and function in molecular detail. | Bidirectional molecular trafficking between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells occurs through the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), approximately 120 megadalton supramolecular assemblies embedded in the double-membraned nuclear envelope. Significant progress has been made in elucidating the three-dimensiona... |
8538464 | Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure as tools to study macromolecular recognition. | Clearly, hydrostatic and osmotic pressure techniques offer unique potential in the study of fundamental problems of molecular recognition in biological systems. With the recent advances in technology such investigations are rapidly becoming commonplace. We look forward to further advances and their report in succeeding... |
8540397 | Regulation of adenosine receptors in cultured heart cells. | A1 adenosine receptors were studied on heart cells grown in cultures by the radioligand binding technique. Treatments with agents that accelerated heart rate for 3-4 days, caused an increase in the level of adenosine receptors. Treatments that attenuated heart rate, reduced the level of the receptors. Thus, the cardiac... |
7585988 | Focal adhesion proteins associated with apical stress fibers of human fibroblasts. | Human fibroblasts stained with fluorescently labeled phalloidin revealed many stress fibers within the apical cytoplasm in addition to those located along the basal plasma membrane and associated with focal adhesions. The staining patterns of these apical stress fibers with fluorescent phalloidin, anti-alpha-actinin, a... |
7576438 | Poly(binaphthyl-20-crown-6) as receptor based molecular selective potentiometric electrodes for catecholamines and other 1,2-dihydroxybenzene derivatives. | A novel type of poly(crown ether) electrode that is capable of selectively determining some 1,2-dihydroxybenzenes has been developed. A lipophilic macrocyclic crown ether, binaphthyl-20-crown-6, is electrochemically deposited on a platinum disc electrode. The film obtained is used as a sensory element for a potentiomet... |
7560476 | Pronounced elevation in circulating calcitonin in critical care patients is related to the severity of illness and survival. | <h4>Objective</h4>To study circulating levels of calcitonin in critically ill patients in relation to the severity of illness and survival.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional and prospective.<h4>Setting</h4>The ICU in Gävle hospital, a secondary non-teaching hospital.<h4>Patients</h4>37 consecutive ICU patients.<h4>Measurem... |
7554908 | A review of the aggregation properties of a recombinant amelogenin. | The present paper reviews some recent data on the aggregation properties of a recombinant amelogenin using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and size exclusion chromatography. It was found that the recombinant amelogenin M179 molecules in solution form spherical monodi... |
8564640 | Sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD) in eyedrops improves the tolerability of a topically applied pilocarpine prodrug in rabbits. | The effects of a novel, modified beta-cyclodextrin (SBE4-beta-CD; a variably substituted sulfobutyl ether with an average degree of substitution of four) on eye irritation and miotic response of an ophthalmically applied pilocarpine prodrug, O,O'-dipropionyl-(1,4-xylylene) bispilocarpate, in albino rabbits were studied... |
7577349 | Rapid chiral separation methods development by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary electrophoresis for acidic and basic compounds. | Chiral separation methods development using conventional techniques such as GC or HPLC requires a lot of experience, effort, and expense, due to the wide diversity of the optically active solutes and their possible chiral selectors. Capillary electrophoresis has received increased attention as an alternative technique ... |
7486278 | [A cause of difficult weaning from artificial respiration: polyneuropathy of intensive care]. | Three cases of Critically Illness Polyneuropathy (CIP) are reported. The difficulty of weaning the patients from the ventilator, whereas sepsis and MOF had been successfully treated, was the main feature in the three cases. The diagnosis was established by eletromyogram, showing a primary axonal denervation of peripher... |
7649211 | Decreased energy charge of peripheral blood lymphocytes in septic patients after hepatic resection. | We measured lymphocyte energy charge (LEC) in septic patients after hepatectomy to clarify the energy metabolism of lymphocytes in relation to arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR) reflecting the hepatic mitochondrial redox potential. Sixteen patients with AKBR above 0.7 (state A) tolerated their operations well without po... |
7541982 | Self-assembly, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (Czechoslovakian strain V-351) capsid protein expressed in baculovirus. | Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) capsid protein was expressed in a baculovirus system. Analysis of the expressed product showed that the recombinant protein, which is 60 kDa in size, was antigenic as revealed by its reactions in ELISA and Western blot with the antibodies raised against RHDV. Direct electron mic... |
7610980 | Complementary peptides as recognition molecules. | The possibility of designing sequence-directed recognition peptides (complementary peptides) able to non covalently associate target peptides or proteins is one of the most important applications deriving from the Molecular Recognition Theory [MRT]. Complementary peptides can be used widely not only as synthetic ligand... |
7607758 | Plasma exchange in patients with acute renal failure in the course of multiorgan failure. | Multiorgan failure (MOF) due to intoxication, trauma or sepsis in the progressive late stages always include acute renal failure (ARF). The prognosis of these patients is poor despite adequate dialysis. This study included 27 consecutive patients (20 men and 7 women, age range 15-77 years) with a rapid progress of MOF ... |
7541232 | Determination of the interactions between lectins and glycoproteins by surface plasmon resonance. | A simple and rapid analytical method for detecting interactions between oligosaccharides of glycoproteins and different lectins was studied by surface plasmon resonance using a biosensor (BIAcore). The interactions of three lectins, Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin (SSA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA I) and Concan... |
7598958 | Optimization of protein G chromatography for biopharmaceutical monoclonal antibodies. | Compared to more stable chromatographic media the use of affinity media with biological ligands such as Protein G Sepharose 4 Fast Flow poses special challenges regarding regeneration and sanitization. This is especially critical for the purification of pharmaceutical proteins, where complete regeneration of the column... |
7598957 | Predicting the conformation of proteins from sequences. Progress and future progress. | Recent progress in structure prediction has allowed bona fide predictions, those made and published before an experimental structure is determined, to be remarkably accurate. The most successful methods rely on an analysis of patterns of conservation and variation within homologous protein sequences, extract tertiary s... |
7598956 | Chromatographic kinetic measurements of human serum albumin adsorption on monoclonal antibodies. | A chromatographic method was employed to study the kinetics of human serum albumin (HSA) adsorbed on immobilized monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies of various specificities were covalently bound to a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) silica support. For very low desorption rates, successive amounts of th... |
7598955 | Segregation of normal and pathological human red blood cells, lymphocytes and fibroblasts by immobilized metal-ion affinity partitioning. | Immobilized metal-ion affinity partitioning (IMAP) is shown to be useful as a preliminary screening test and for the separation of different cell populations based upon recognition of the differences in the proteins on cell surfaces. The feasibility of using IMAP to segregate a spectrum of normal human cells (red blood... |
7541231 | Chaperone-like effect of monoclonal antibodies on refolding of heat-denatured carboxypeptidase A. | The availability of monoclonal antibodies which bind to a specific antigen at distinct and well-defined sites has led to a better understanding of the effects of highly specific enzyme-antibody interactions on enzyme behaviour. By appropriate selection it has been possible to isolate those antibodies that are non-inhib... |
7541230 | Functional conformations of calmodulin: I. Preparation and characterization of a conformational specific anti-bovine calmodulin monoclonal antibody. | Calmodulin, similarly to many other Ca(2+)-activated proteins, undergoes considerable conformational changes in the presence of Ca2+ ions. These changes were followed using specific monoclonal antibodies against calmodulin. Since calmodulin is a poor immunogen due to its high phylogenetic conservancy, glutaraldehyde-cr... |
7598954 | Fate of intercellular MHC-peptide-T-cell receptor complexes during T-cell activation. | Antigen-specific T-cell activation requires the formation of a transient cell-cell conjugate between a T cell and an appropriate antigen presenting cell (APC). Focal aggregation of T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules at the T-cell-APC membrane interface accompanies formation of multiple non-covalent intercellular bridges c... |
7541229 | (Patho)physiologic pathways to drug targeting: artificial viral envelopes. | The goal of this study was to exploit molecular recognition of cell surface receptors by viral surface glycoproteins as a means for the selective intracellular delivery of macromolecules. To accomplish this, artificial viral envelopes (AVE) resembling the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) were designed as a model ... |
7598953 | Kinetic characterization of the interaction of biotinylated human interleukin 5 with an Fc chimera of its receptor alpha subunit and development of an ELISA screening assay using real-time interaction biosensor analysis. | The interaction of biotinylated human interleukin 5 ([BT]hIL5) with immobilized receptor was measured with a real-time biosensor, and these results were used as a basis for configuring an ELISA for screening antagonists of hIL5-receptor binding. The recombinant proteins used, hIL5 and shIL5R alpha-Fc (chimeric fusion r... |
7598952 | Transformation of an irreversible MSH antagonist into an irreversible MSH agonist by differential receptor crosslinking using the photo-affinity technique. | Photocrosslinking of receptors for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on melanophores of frogs and lizards has been shown to induce long-lasting receptor stimulation whereby the photoreactive alpha-MSH may contain one or two photolabels in positions 1, 7, 9, or 13. The chemical synthesis and biological te... |
7598951 | Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland phospholipase A2 isozymes genes have evolved via accelerated substitutions. | As a step towards understanding the structure and function of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), five cDNAs encoding Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland PLA2 isozymes have been sequenced. They revealed that the 5' and 3' untranslated regions are much more homologous than the protein-coding regions and that base substitutions... |
7598950 | An approach towards surface imprinting using the enzyme ribonuclease A. | An adsorbent showing enhanced selectivity for the enzyme RNase A was prepared by a surface imprinting procedure based on metal coordination. A metal chelating monomer, N-(4-vinyl)-benzyl iminodiacetic acid, was polymerized onto methacrylate-derivatized silica particles in the presence of RNase A and metal ions. Lysozym... |
7541228 | In search of the 'bio-active conformation'--is it induced by the target cell membrane? | Conformations of regulatory peptides interacting with artificial lipid membranes were compared with those of chemically constrained molecules that react selectively with different receptor classes. Striking similarities in the topochemistry of molecules with similar activity were observed. The membrane-induced topomers... |
7598949 | Topological templates as tool in molecular recognition and peptide mimicry: synthesis of a TASK library. | Topological templates disposing orthogonally protected reactive sites in defined spatial positions of a variable degree of flexibility can serve as a pool for the selective functionalization by groups thought to interact with an acceptor molecule. This strategy is exemplified by the chemo-selective ligation of amino-ac... |
7541227 | Study of cell-free protein synthesis in aqueous two-phase systems. | Protein synthesis in an aqueous two-phase system is reported here as a novel type of extractive bioconversion. Translation of BMV RNA was studied using either rabbit reticulocyte lysate or wheat-germ extract in aqueous dextran-PEG systems. Both polymers inhibited protein synthesis and the translation system partitioned... |
7598948 | Photostructurized electrochemical biosensors for bioreactor control and measurement in body fluids. | This article details a new type of biosensor for the simultaneous analysis of glucose, glutamate and glutamine in complex biological fluids like fermentation broths and blood. Simultaneous analysis was made possible by the application of different enzyme layers onto different electrodes of one photostructurized sensor.... |
7598947 | Oligonucleotide labelled lipase as a new sensitive hybridization probe and its use in bio-assays and biosensors. | Radiolabelled polynucleotide probes have been employed extensively for the detection of complementary nucleic acids by specific hybridization. Within the last few years, various methods have been developed using enzyme-labelled probes to avoid unstable and hazardous isotopes. These assays, based on photometry, fluoresc... |
7598946 | Characterization of interacting ferrocene-cyclodextrin systems and their role in mediated biosensors. | Inclusion complexes of 1,1'-dimethylferrocene (DMFe) with alpha-, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins were formed in aqueous systems. For the first time, the interacting DMFe-cyclodextrin systems have been characterized using cyclic voltammetry which enabled the estimation of the complexation order, the format... |
7541226 | Comparison of methods for immobilization to carboxymethyl dextran sensor surfaces by analysis of the specific activity of monoclonal antibodies. | The authors have recently described the development of a carboxymethyl dextran-based sensor surface for biospecific interaction analysis by surface plasmon resonance. Ligands are immobilized via primary amine groups after activation of the carboxymethyl groups on the sensor surface with a mixture of N-hydroxysuccinimid... |
7598945 | Cyanogen bromide and tresyl chloride chemistry revisited: the special reactivity of agarose as a chromatographic and biomaterial support for immobilizing novel chemical groups. | The cyanogen bromide and tresyl chloride (2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride) methods belong to the best-known activation procedures for solid supports in biochemistry. In both cases the originally proposed reaction mechanisms were revised many years later. In this paper important aspects of these two major activat... |
7598944 | Importance of the matrix and its chemical activation on the stability of immuno-adsorbents. | Various matrices were reacted with four different activation reagents, in order to prepare immuno-adsorbents for the selective removal of low-density lipoproteins from blood plasma of patients affected by hypercholesterolaemia. The resulting immuno-adsorbents were compared to that obtained earlier with cyanogen bromide... |
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