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NDQ_008636
__common focus of study in ecology
a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight
e
NDQ_008637
__principle that each species in the same habitat must have a different niche
a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight
c
NDQ_008638
The competitive exclusion principle applies to two different
a. niches, b. species, c. habitats, d. communities
b
NDQ_008639
Which statement about ecosystems is false?
a. Most ecosystems get energy from the sun, b. Ecosystems are units of nature, c. Ecosystems are closed systems, d. none of the above
c
NDQ_008640
__physical environment in which a species lives
a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight
f
NDQ_008641
__source of energy for most ecosystems
a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight
g
NDQ_008642
A species niche includes how the species
a. gets energy, b. obtains matter, c. interacts with other species, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_008643
__role that a particular species plays in its ecosystem
a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight
b
NDQ_008644
Which organisms have the most similar niches?
a. grasses and deer, b. wolves and moose, c. moose and deer, d. frogs and trees
c
NDQ_008646
__outcome when two species occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight
d
NDQ_008648
__example of matter that is recycled through ecosystems
a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight
a
NDQ_008656
The focus of study in ecology is often the ecosystem.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008657
A dead log in a forest could be considered an ecosystem.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008659
Features of a habitat depend mainly on biotic factors.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008662
Each ecosystem can have at most just one niche.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008663
The biotic component of an ecosystem is the population.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008664
All of the following could be classified as an ecosystem except a
a. pond, b. forest, c. dead tree, d. bare rock
d
NDQ_008665
Components of an ecosystem include
a. a community, b. species interactions, c. abiotic factors, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_008666
Why can an ecosystem never be a closed system?
a. Energy must be constantly added to the ecosystem from outside, b. Matter must be constantly brought in to replace what is used up, c. Organisms must come into the ecosystem to replace those that die, d. all of the above
a
NDQ_008667
A niche is the role in an ecosystem of a(n)
a. individual, b. species, c. community, d. none of the above
b
NDQ_008668
The features of a habitat depend mainly on
a. abiotic factors, b. biotic factors, c. competition, d. two of the above
a
NDQ_008669
A given habitat can have
a. just one niche, b. just one species, c. many different species, d. up to two species per niche
c
NDQ_008670
All of the following are recycled through ecosystems except
a. energy, b. carbon, c. nitrogen, d. water
a
NDQ_008671
An ecosystem is a unit of nature.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008672
Energy is constantly recycled through ecosystems.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008673
A major aspect of a species niche is how the species obtains energy and matter.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008674
A habitat is the physical environment to which a species has adapted.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008675
When two species occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time, both species always
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008676
An ecosystem always covers a large geographic area.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008677
Features of a species habitat include relationships with other species.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008721
Organisms that are chemoautotrophs include some
a. archaeans, b. bacteria, c. plants and algae, d. two of the above
d
NDQ_008724
Which of the following organisms are herbivores?
a. snails, b. frogs, c. crows, d. bears
a
NDQ_008725
Decomposers that eat the soft tissues of animals that are already dead are called
a. detritivores, b. scavengers, c. saprotrophs, d. autotrophs
b
NDQ_008728
Most food chains and food webs have a maximum of
a. 2 trophic levels, b. 4 trophic levels, c. 6 trophic levels, d. 8 trophic levels
b
NDQ_008730
A human being who is eating an apple is feeding at
a. trophic level 1, b. trophic level 2, c. trophic level 3, d. trophic level 4
b
NDQ_008735
Energy enters most ecosystems in the form of chemical compounds.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008738
All ecosystems have organisms that are classified as producers.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008740
Chemoautotrophs include archaea and certain bacteria.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008741
Heterotrophs include producers and decomposers.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008742
Higher trophic levels have less biomass than lower trophic levels.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008743
About 90 percent of the energy at a given trophic level is passed up to the next trophic level.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008744
Examples of detritivores include fungi and cockroaches.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008745
An example of a saprotroph is a hyena.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008746
Most organisms are consumed by just one species.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008747
There are rarely more than four trophic levels in a food chain or food web.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008748
A food web shows who eats whom in an ecosystem.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008749
Consumers always feed at just one trophic level.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008750
__organism that breaks down organic wastes or remains
a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer
g
NDQ_008751
__diagram that represents a single pathway by which energy flows through an ecosystem
a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer
f
NDQ_008752
__ability to change or move matter
a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer
e
NDQ_008753
__organism that gets energy by consuming other organisms
a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer
a
NDQ_008754
__organism that consumes both plants and animals
a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer
b
NDQ_008755
__organism that makes food for itself and other organisms
a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer
c
NDQ_008756
__feeding position in a food chain or food web
a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer
d
NDQ_008757
Organisms that are photoautotrophs include
a. plants, b. certain fungi, c. all bacteria, d. two of the above
a
NDQ_008758
Which of the following organisms are omnivores?
a. lions, b. frogs, c. rabbits, d. crows
d
NDQ_008759
All of the following are decomposers except
a. scavengers, b. detritivores, c. autotrophs, d. saprotrophs
c
NDQ_008760
Which trophic level of a food chain consists of secondary consumers?
a. trophic level 1, b. trophic level 2, c. trophic level 3, d. trophic level 4
c
NDQ_008761
About 10 percent of the energy at any given trophic level is
a. used for metabolic processes, b. available for the next higher trophic level, c. given off as heat to the environment, d. used by producers such as plants to make foo
b
NDQ_008762
Higher trophic levels tend to have
a. larger organisms, b. more organisms, c. more biomass, d. two of the above
a
NDQ_008763
What do scavengers consume?
a. dead leaves, b. animal feces, c. dead animals, d. none of the above
c
NDQ_008807
Primary succession occurs in an area where
a. there is nothing but bare rock, b. thin soil is already present, c. a climax community is located, d. nothing has been disturbe
a
NDQ_008810
Examples of pioneer species in primary succession include
a. grasses, b. trees, c. bacteria, d. two of the above
c
NDQ_008811
Secondary succession may occur following
a. a forest fire, b. a flood, c. farming activities, d. any of the above
d
NDQ_008814
In secondary succession, pioneer species may include
a. fireweed, b. shrubs, c. trees, d. none of the above
a
NDQ_008816
Which statement about climax communities is false?
a. They are stable, b. They rarely occur, c. They are the same for all ecosystems, d. two of the above
c
NDQ_008821
No ecosystem is completely unchanging.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008824
All ecological change is either primary or secondary succession.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008826
Wind and water help weather rock and form soil in primary succession.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008827
Plants can grow in an area only after soil has formed.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008828
Most ecosystems change continuously.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008829
Two types of ecological succession are primary succession and climax succession.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008830
Trees usually colonize an area before small plants such as grasses.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008831
Primary succession may occur following a landslide or the retreat of a glacier.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008832
Ecological succession always ends at a final, stable state.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008833
Most ecosystems have climax communities.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008834
As plants grow and die, they improve the soil by adding organic matter.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008835
Primary succession occurs more quickly than secondary succession.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008836
Which events would most likely produce conditions where primary succession would occur?
a. plowing by a farmer, b. retreating of a glacier, c. flooding by a river, d. burning of a forest
b
NDQ_008837
In primary succession, the first few species to colonize the area
a. can live on rock, b. weather rock, c. help form soil, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_008838
During primary succession, the first plants to live in the area
a. must be able to grow in thin, poor soil, b. use up all the organic matter in the soil, c. prevent trees from moving into the area, d. are usually tall plants such as shrubs
a
NDQ_008839
Which statement about secondary succession is false?
a. It is faster than primary succession, b. The soil is already in place, c. Pioneer species include plants, d. none of the above
d
NDQ_008840
Which statement applies to most ecosystems?
a. They rarely change, b. They reach a final, stable community, c. They change continuously, d. They are rarely disturbe
c
NDQ_008841
Adding organic matter to soil
a. improves soil quality, b. helps soil hold water, c. may allow shrubs and trees to grow, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_008842
Pioneer species
a. are the same in primary and secondary succession, b. always include plants such as grasses, c. are always the first species to colonize a disturbed area, d. all of the above
c
NDQ_008843
__type of succession that occurs in a formerly inhabited area
a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide
a
NDQ_008844
__theoretical, final stable state of an ecosystem
a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide
d
NDQ_008845
__first species to colonize a disturbed area
a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide
e
NDQ_008846
__type of succession that occurs in an area that has never before been colonized
a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide
f
NDQ_008847
__possible cause of primary succession
a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide
g
NDQ_008848
__any change over time in the numbers and types of species in an ecosystem
a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide
c
NDQ_008849
__possible cause of secondary succession
a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide
b
NDQ_008979
Which of the following types of ecosystems has the greatest biodiversity?
a. tropical dry forest, b. temperate rainforest, c. coral reef, d. savannah
c
NDQ_008982
Wild species of living things provide human beings with
a. drugs, b. dyes, c. food, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_008983
Which statement about extinction is false?
a. Extinction is the ultimate fate of almost all species, b. Dozens of species are currently going extinct every day, c. A total of three mass extinctions occurred on Earth in the past, d. Past mass extinctions were caused by geologic and climatic events
c
NDQ_008986
Which animals have high rates of extinction today because they are particularly sensitive to environmental toxins?
a. fish, b. amphibians, c. reptiles, d. insects
b
NDQ_008988
Plants help protect the environment by
a. removing oxygen from the air, b. reducing erosion of the soil, c. fixing nitrogen in the soil, d. two of the above
b
NDQ_008993
Biodiversity is an important natural resource.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_008996
Scientists have already discovered most of the species that are alive today.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_008998
Scientists estimate that there are a total of 100 million species currently in existence.
a. true, b. false
b