questionID stringlengths 10 10 | question_text stringlengths 5 324 | answer_choices stringlengths 17 473 | correct_answer stringclasses 7
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NDQ_008636 | __common focus of study in ecology | a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight | e |
NDQ_008637 | __principle that each species in the same habitat must have a different niche | a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight | c |
NDQ_008638 | The competitive exclusion principle applies to two different | a. niches, b. species, c. habitats, d. communities | b |
NDQ_008639 | Which statement about ecosystems is false? | a. Most ecosystems get energy from the sun, b. Ecosystems are units of nature, c. Ecosystems are closed systems, d. none of the above | c |
NDQ_008640 | __physical environment in which a species lives | a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight | f |
NDQ_008641 | __source of energy for most ecosystems | a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight | g |
NDQ_008642 | A species niche includes how the species | a. gets energy, b. obtains matter, c. interacts with other species, d. all of the above | d |
NDQ_008643 | __role that a particular species plays in its ecosystem | a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight | b |
NDQ_008644 | Which organisms have the most similar niches? | a. grasses and deer, b. wolves and moose, c. moose and deer, d. frogs and trees | c |
NDQ_008646 | __outcome when two species occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time | a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight | d |
NDQ_008648 | __example of matter that is recycled through ecosystems | a. water, b. niche, c. competitive exclusion, d. competition, e. ecosystem, f. habitat, g. sunlight | a |
NDQ_008656 | The focus of study in ecology is often the ecosystem. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008657 | A dead log in a forest could be considered an ecosystem. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008659 | Features of a habitat depend mainly on biotic factors. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008662 | Each ecosystem can have at most just one niche. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008663 | The biotic component of an ecosystem is the population. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008664 | All of the following could be classified as an ecosystem except a | a. pond, b. forest, c. dead tree, d. bare rock | d |
NDQ_008665 | Components of an ecosystem include | a. a community, b. species interactions, c. abiotic factors, d. all of the above | d |
NDQ_008666 | Why can an ecosystem never be a closed system? | a. Energy must be constantly added to the ecosystem from outside, b. Matter must be constantly brought in to replace what is used up, c. Organisms must come into the ecosystem to replace those that die, d. all of the above | a |
NDQ_008667 | A niche is the role in an ecosystem of a(n) | a. individual, b. species, c. community, d. none of the above | b |
NDQ_008668 | The features of a habitat depend mainly on | a. abiotic factors, b. biotic factors, c. competition, d. two of the above | a |
NDQ_008669 | A given habitat can have | a. just one niche, b. just one species, c. many different species, d. up to two species per niche | c |
NDQ_008670 | All of the following are recycled through ecosystems except | a. energy, b. carbon, c. nitrogen, d. water | a |
NDQ_008671 | An ecosystem is a unit of nature. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008672 | Energy is constantly recycled through ecosystems. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008673 | A major aspect of a species niche is how the species obtains energy and matter. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008674 | A habitat is the physical environment to which a species has adapted. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008675 | When two species occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time, both species always | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008676 | An ecosystem always covers a large geographic area. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008677 | Features of a species habitat include relationships with other species. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008721 | Organisms that are chemoautotrophs include some | a. archaeans, b. bacteria, c. plants and algae, d. two of the above | d |
NDQ_008724 | Which of the following organisms are herbivores? | a. snails, b. frogs, c. crows, d. bears | a |
NDQ_008725 | Decomposers that eat the soft tissues of animals that are already dead are called | a. detritivores, b. scavengers, c. saprotrophs, d. autotrophs | b |
NDQ_008728 | Most food chains and food webs have a maximum of | a. 2 trophic levels, b. 4 trophic levels, c. 6 trophic levels, d. 8 trophic levels | b |
NDQ_008730 | A human being who is eating an apple is feeding at | a. trophic level 1, b. trophic level 2, c. trophic level 3, d. trophic level 4 | b |
NDQ_008735 | Energy enters most ecosystems in the form of chemical compounds. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008738 | All ecosystems have organisms that are classified as producers. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008740 | Chemoautotrophs include archaea and certain bacteria. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008741 | Heterotrophs include producers and decomposers. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008742 | Higher trophic levels have less biomass than lower trophic levels. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008743 | About 90 percent of the energy at a given trophic level is passed up to the next trophic level. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008744 | Examples of detritivores include fungi and cockroaches. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008745 | An example of a saprotroph is a hyena. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008746 | Most organisms are consumed by just one species. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008747 | There are rarely more than four trophic levels in a food chain or food web. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008748 | A food web shows who eats whom in an ecosystem. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008749 | Consumers always feed at just one trophic level. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008750 | __organism that breaks down organic wastes or remains | a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer | g |
NDQ_008751 | __diagram that represents a single pathway by which energy flows through an ecosystem | a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer | f |
NDQ_008752 | __ability to change or move matter | a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer | e |
NDQ_008753 | __organism that gets energy by consuming other organisms | a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer | a |
NDQ_008754 | __organism that consumes both plants and animals | a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer | b |
NDQ_008755 | __organism that makes food for itself and other organisms | a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer | c |
NDQ_008756 | __feeding position in a food chain or food web | a. heterotroph, b. omnivore, c. producer, d. trophic level, e. energy, f. food chain, g. decomposer | d |
NDQ_008757 | Organisms that are photoautotrophs include | a. plants, b. certain fungi, c. all bacteria, d. two of the above | a |
NDQ_008758 | Which of the following organisms are omnivores? | a. lions, b. frogs, c. rabbits, d. crows | d |
NDQ_008759 | All of the following are decomposers except | a. scavengers, b. detritivores, c. autotrophs, d. saprotrophs | c |
NDQ_008760 | Which trophic level of a food chain consists of secondary consumers? | a. trophic level 1, b. trophic level 2, c. trophic level 3, d. trophic level 4 | c |
NDQ_008761 | About 10 percent of the energy at any given trophic level is | a. used for metabolic processes, b. available for the next higher trophic level, c. given off as heat to the environment, d. used by producers such as plants to make foo | b |
NDQ_008762 | Higher trophic levels tend to have | a. larger organisms, b. more organisms, c. more biomass, d. two of the above | a |
NDQ_008763 | What do scavengers consume? | a. dead leaves, b. animal feces, c. dead animals, d. none of the above | c |
NDQ_008807 | Primary succession occurs in an area where | a. there is nothing but bare rock, b. thin soil is already present, c. a climax community is located, d. nothing has been disturbe | a |
NDQ_008810 | Examples of pioneer species in primary succession include | a. grasses, b. trees, c. bacteria, d. two of the above | c |
NDQ_008811 | Secondary succession may occur following | a. a forest fire, b. a flood, c. farming activities, d. any of the above | d |
NDQ_008814 | In secondary succession, pioneer species may include | a. fireweed, b. shrubs, c. trees, d. none of the above | a |
NDQ_008816 | Which statement about climax communities is false? | a. They are stable, b. They rarely occur, c. They are the same for all ecosystems, d. two of the above | c |
NDQ_008821 | No ecosystem is completely unchanging. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008824 | All ecological change is either primary or secondary succession. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008826 | Wind and water help weather rock and form soil in primary succession. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008827 | Plants can grow in an area only after soil has formed. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008828 | Most ecosystems change continuously. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008829 | Two types of ecological succession are primary succession and climax succession. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008830 | Trees usually colonize an area before small plants such as grasses. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008831 | Primary succession may occur following a landslide or the retreat of a glacier. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008832 | Ecological succession always ends at a final, stable state. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008833 | Most ecosystems have climax communities. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008834 | As plants grow and die, they improve the soil by adding organic matter. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008835 | Primary succession occurs more quickly than secondary succession. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008836 | Which events would most likely produce conditions where primary succession would occur? | a. plowing by a farmer, b. retreating of a glacier, c. flooding by a river, d. burning of a forest | b |
NDQ_008837 | In primary succession, the first few species to colonize the area | a. can live on rock, b. weather rock, c. help form soil, d. all of the above | d |
NDQ_008838 | During primary succession, the first plants to live in the area | a. must be able to grow in thin, poor soil, b. use up all the organic matter in the soil, c. prevent trees from moving into the area, d. are usually tall plants such as shrubs | a |
NDQ_008839 | Which statement about secondary succession is false? | a. It is faster than primary succession, b. The soil is already in place, c. Pioneer species include plants, d. none of the above | d |
NDQ_008840 | Which statement applies to most ecosystems? | a. They rarely change, b. They reach a final, stable community, c. They change continuously, d. They are rarely disturbe | c |
NDQ_008841 | Adding organic matter to soil | a. improves soil quality, b. helps soil hold water, c. may allow shrubs and trees to grow, d. all of the above | d |
NDQ_008842 | Pioneer species | a. are the same in primary and secondary succession, b. always include plants such as grasses, c. are always the first species to colonize a disturbed area, d. all of the above | c |
NDQ_008843 | __type of succession that occurs in a formerly inhabited area | a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide | a |
NDQ_008844 | __theoretical, final stable state of an ecosystem | a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide | d |
NDQ_008845 | __first species to colonize a disturbed area | a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide | e |
NDQ_008846 | __type of succession that occurs in an area that has never before been colonized | a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide | f |
NDQ_008847 | __possible cause of primary succession | a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide | g |
NDQ_008848 | __any change over time in the numbers and types of species in an ecosystem | a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide | c |
NDQ_008849 | __possible cause of secondary succession | a. secondary succession, b. forest fire, c. ecological succession, d. climax community, e. pioneer species, f. primary succession, g. landslide | b |
NDQ_008979 | Which of the following types of ecosystems has the greatest biodiversity? | a. tropical dry forest, b. temperate rainforest, c. coral reef, d. savannah | c |
NDQ_008982 | Wild species of living things provide human beings with | a. drugs, b. dyes, c. food, d. all of the above | d |
NDQ_008983 | Which statement about extinction is false? | a. Extinction is the ultimate fate of almost all species, b. Dozens of species are currently going extinct every day, c. A total of three mass extinctions occurred on Earth in the past, d. Past mass extinctions were caused by geologic and climatic events | c |
NDQ_008986 | Which animals have high rates of extinction today because they are particularly sensitive to environmental toxins? | a. fish, b. amphibians, c. reptiles, d. insects | b |
NDQ_008988 | Plants help protect the environment by | a. removing oxygen from the air, b. reducing erosion of the soil, c. fixing nitrogen in the soil, d. two of the above | b |
NDQ_008993 | Biodiversity is an important natural resource. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_008996 | Scientists have already discovered most of the species that are alive today. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_008998 | Scientists estimate that there are a total of 100 million species currently in existence. | a. true, b. false | b |
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