instruction stringlengths 5 342 | input stringlengths 18 558 | output stringclasses 7
values | context stringlengths 31 6.57k |
|---|---|---|---|
ocean zone that lies over the continental shelf | (A) aphotic zone (B) benthic zone (C) intertidal zone (D) neritic zone (E) oceanic zone (F) sodium chloride (G) carbon dioxide | D | The seabed is divided into the zones described above, but ocean itself is also divided horizontally by distance from the shore. Nearest to the shore lies the intertidal zone (also called the littoral zone), the region between the high and low tidal marks. The hallmark of the intertidal is change: water is in constant m... |
What is the primary cause of the tides? | (A) Earths rotation (B) The moons gravity (C) the Suns gravity (D) wind | B | Figure 14.13 shows why tides occur. The main cause of tides is the pull of the Moons gravity on Earth. The pull is greatest on whatever is closest to the Moon. Although the gravity pulls the land, only the water can move. As a result: Water on the side of Earth facing the Moon is pulled hardest by the Moons gravity. Th... |
Surface currents | (A) are caused by Coriolis effect (B) flow in a counterclockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere (C) are caused by winds that may have blown far from the current (D) none of these | D | The surface currents described above are all large and unchanging. Local surface currents are also found along shorelines (Figure 1.3). Two are longshore currents and rip currents. Rip currents are potentially dangerous currents that carry large amounts of water offshore quickly. Each summer in the United States at lea... |
Where in the ocean is wave energy the greatest? | (A) at the surface (B) at the ocean floor (C) half way between the surface and the ocean floor (D) None of the above | A | Ocean waves originate from wind blowing - steady winds or high storm winds - over the water. Sometimes these winds are far from where the ocean waves are seen. What factors create the largest ocean waves? The largest wind waves form when the wind is very strong blows steadily for a long time blows over a long distance ... |
A wave breaks because | (A) the base has friction with the bottom (B) it becomes too tall to be supported by its base (C) it reaches the shore (D) all of these | D | When does a wave break? Do waves only break when they reach shore? Waves break when they become too tall to be supported by their base. This can happen at sea but happens predictably as a wave moves up a shore. The energy at the bottom of the wave is lost by friction with the ground, so that the bottom of the wave slow... |
Upwelling brings | (A) warm water to the surface so there are coral reefs (B) cold water east to west across the Pacific (C) nutrients to the surface so there is a lot of life (D) none of these | C | Since unlimited amounts of water cannot sink to the bottom of the ocean, water must rise from the deep ocean to the surface somewhere. This process is called upwelling (Figure 1.2). Upwelling forces denser water from below to take the place of less dense water at the surface that is pushed away by the wind. Generally, ... |
The highest point of a wave is its amplitude. | (A) true (B) false | B | Figure 14.9 also shows how the size of waves is measured. The highest point of a wave is the crest. The lowest point is the trough. The vertical distance between a crest and a trough is the height of the wave. Wave height is also called amplitude. The horizontal distance between two crests is the wavelength. Both ampli... |
Wavelength is the difference between a crest and a trough. | (A) true (B) false | B | Energy is transmitted in waves. Every wave has a high point called a crest and a low point called a trough. The height of a wave from the center line to its crest is its amplitude. The distance between waves from crest to crest (or trough to trough) is its wavelength. The parts of a wave are illustrated in Figure 1.1. |
The biggest ocean waves occur with hurricanes. | (A) true (B) false | A | Damage from hurricanes comes from the high winds, rainfall, and storm surge. Storm surge occurs as the storms low pressure center comes onto land, causing the sea level to rise unusually high. A storm surge is often made worse by the hurricanes high winds blowing seawater across the ocean onto the shoreline. Flooding c... |
The greatest cause of tides is the Sun. | (A) true (B) false | B | The Suns gravity also pulls on Earth and its oceans. Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away. The Suns gravity strengthens or weakens the Moons influence on tides. Figure 14.14 shows the position of the Moon relative to the Sun at ... |
Waves break on shore because the water is shallow. | (A) true (B) false | A | Figure 14.10 shows what happens to waves near shore. As waves move into shallow water, they start to touch the bottom. The base of the waves drag and slow. Soon the waves slow down and pile up. They get steeper and unstable as the top moves faster than the base. When they reach the shore, the waves topple over and brea... |
Tides are waves: high tide is the crest and low tide is the trough. | (A) true (B) false | A | Tides are daily changes in the level of ocean water. They occur all around the globe. High tides occur when the water reaches its highest level in a day. Low tides occur when the water reaches its lowest level in a day. Tides keep cycling from high to low and back again. In most places the water level rises and falls t... |
All waves are caused by winds. | (A) true (B) false | B | Most ocean waves are caused by winds. A wave is the transfer of energy through matter. A wave that travels across miles of ocean is traveling energy, not water. Ocean waves transfer energy from wind through water. The energy of a wave may travel for thousands of miles. The water itself moves very little. Figure 14.9 sh... |
Tides cause water levels to rise and fall once a day. | (A) true (B) false | B | Tides are daily changes in the level of ocean water. They occur all around the globe. High tides occur when the water reaches its highest level in a day. Low tides occur when the water reaches its lowest level in a day. Tides keep cycling from high to low and back again. In most places the water level rises and falls t... |
A wave is a transfer of energy that initially began with wind. | (A) true (B) false | A | Most ocean waves are caused by winds. A wave is the transfer of energy through matter. A wave that travels across miles of ocean is traveling energy, not water. Ocean waves transfer energy from wind through water. The energy of a wave may travel for thousands of miles. The water itself moves very little. Figure 14.9 sh... |
The difference between high and low tides is the tidal range. | (A) true (B) false | A | The tidal range is the difference between the ocean level at high tide and the ocean level at low tide (Figure 1.2). The tidal range in a location depends on a number of factors, including the slope of the seafloor. Water appears to move a greater distance on a gentle slope than on a steep slope. |
The first sign of a tsunami is coming is high water moving fast across the ocean. | (A) true (B) false | B | Tsunami waves have small wave heights relative to their long wavelengths, so they are usually unnoticed at sea. When traveling up a slope onto a shoreline, the wave is pushed upward. As with wind waves, the speed of the bottom of the wave is slowed by friction. This causes the wavelength to decrease and the wave to bec... |
Coriolis effect is caused by Earths rotation. | (A) true (B) false | A | The Coriolis effect describes how Earths rotation steers winds and surface ocean currents (Figure 1.1). Coriolis causes freely moving objects to appear to move to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The objects themselves are actually moving straight, but the Earth is rotati... |
The suns gravity is the main cause of Earths tides. | (A) true (B) false | B | The Suns gravity also pulls on Earth and its oceans. Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away. The Suns gravity strengthens or weakens the Moons influence on tides. Figure 14.14 shows the position of the Moon relative to the Sun at ... |
Spring tides occur when the sun and moon are in a straight line. | (A) true (B) false | A | The Suns gravity also pulls on Earth and its oceans. Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away. The Suns gravity strengthens or weakens the Moons influence on tides. Figure 14.14 shows the position of the Moon relative to the Sun at ... |
The Coriolis effect causes surface currents to flow diagonally across the ocean. | (A) true (B) false | A | The Coriolis effect describes how Earths rotation steers winds and surface ocean currents (Figure 1.1). Coriolis causes freely moving objects to appear to move to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The objects themselves are actually moving straight, but the Earth is rotati... |
There two high tides and two low tides every | (A) day (B) week (C) month (D) year | A | Tides are daily changes in the level of ocean water. They occur all around the globe. High tides occur when the water reaches its highest level in a day. Low tides occur when the water reaches its lowest level in a day. Tides keep cycling from high to low and back again. In most places the water level rises and falls t... |
The main cause of tides is | (A) differences in water density (B) prevailing winds (C) Coriolis effect (D) gravity | D | Figure 14.13 shows why tides occur. The main cause of tides is the pull of the Moons gravity on Earth. The pull is greatest on whatever is closest to the Moon. Although the gravity pulls the land, only the water can move. As a result: Water on the side of Earth facing the Moon is pulled hardest by the Moons gravity. Th... |
Neap tides occur when the sun and moon are | (A) lined up with each other (B) at right angles to each other (C) on opposite sides of Earth from each other (D) none of the above | B | The Suns gravity also pulls on Earth and its oceans. Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away. The Suns gravity strengthens or weakens the Moons influence on tides. Figure 14.14 shows the position of the Moon relative to the Sun at ... |
Spring tides have the | (A) highest low tide (B) greatest tidal range (C) least difference between high and low tides (D) two of the above | B | The Suns gravity also pulls on Earth and its oceans. Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away. The Suns gravity strengthens or weakens the Moons influence on tides. Figure 14.14 shows the position of the Moon relative to the Sun at ... |
The Gulf Stream is a(n) | (A) river in Florida (B) area of upwelling (C) deep ocean current (D) surface ocean current | D | Surface currents play an enormous role in Earths climate. Even though the Equator and poles have very different climates, these regions would have more extremely different climates if ocean currents did not transfer heat from the equatorial regions to the higher latitudes. The Gulf Stream is a river of warm water in th... |
Which of the following statements about upwelling is false? | (A) Upwelling brings a lot of nutrients to the surface (B) Many organisms live in an area where upwelling occurs (C) Upwelling occurs where wind blows surface water toward shore (D) none of the above | C | Since unlimited amounts of water cannot sink to the bottom of the ocean, water must rise from the deep ocean to the surface somewhere. This process is called upwelling (Figure 1.2). Upwelling forces denser water from below to take the place of less dense water at the surface that is pushed away by the wind. Generally, ... |
Ocean water is denser when it is | (A) warmer (B) colder (C) saltier (D) two of the above | D | Currents also flow deep below the surface of the ocean. Deep currents are caused by differences in density at the top and bottom. Density is defined as the amount of mass per unit of volume. More dense water takes up less space than less dense water. It has the same mass but less volume. Water that is more dense sinks.... |
daily change in the level of ocean water | (A) upwelling (B) neap tide (C) tide (D) spring tide (E) wave (F) density (G) current | C | The ocean is huge but even this body of water is becoming seriously polluted. Climate change also affects the quality of ocean water for living things. |
stream of moving water that flows through the ocean | (A) upwelling (B) neap tide (C) tide (D) spring tide (E) wave (F) density (G) current | G | Another way ocean water moves is in currents. A current is a stream of moving water that flows through the ocean. Surface currents are caused mainly by winds, but not the winds that blow and change each day. Surface currents are caused by the major wind belts that blow in the same direction all the time. The major surf... |
tide that occurs during the first or third quarter of the moon | (A) upwelling (B) neap tide (C) tide (D) spring tide (E) wave (F) density (G) current | B | The Suns gravity also pulls on Earth and its oceans. Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away. The Suns gravity strengthens or weakens the Moons influence on tides. Figure 14.14 shows the position of the Moon relative to the Sun at ... |
transfer of energy through matter | (A) upwelling (B) neap tide (C) tide (D) spring tide (E) wave (F) density (G) current | E | Both conduction and convection transfer energy through matter. Radiation is the only way of transferring energy that doesnt require matter. Radiation is the transfer of energy by waves that can travel through empty space. When the waves reach objects, they transfer energy to the objects, causing them to warm up. This i... |
tide that occurs during a full moon or new moon | (A) upwelling (B) neap tide (C) tide (D) spring tide (E) wave (F) density (G) current | D | The Suns gravity also pulls on Earth and its oceans. Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away. The Suns gravity strengthens or weakens the Moons influence on tides. Figure 14.14 shows the position of the Moon relative to the Sun at ... |
movement of deep ocean water to the surface | (A) upwelling (B) neap tide (C) tide (D) spring tide (E) wave (F) density (G) current | A | Since unlimited amounts of water cannot sink to the bottom of the ocean, water must rise from the deep ocean to the surface somewhere. This process is called upwelling (Figure 1.2). Upwelling forces denser water from below to take the place of less dense water at the surface that is pushed away by the wind. Generally, ... |
amount of mass per unit of volume | (A) upwelling (B) neap tide (C) tide (D) spring tide (E) wave (F) density (G) current | F | The density of matter is actually the amount of matter in a given space. The amount of matter is measured by its mass, and the space matter takes up is measured by its volume. Therefore, the density of matter can be calculated with this formula: Density = mass volume Assume, for example, that a book has a mass of 500 g... |
Only a tiny fraction of the ocean floor has ever been studied. | (A) true (B) false | A | Oceanography is the study of everything in the ocean environment, which covers about 70% of the Earths surface. Recent technology has allowed people and probes to venture to the deepest parts of the ocean, but much of the ocean remains unexplored. Marine geologists learn about the rocks and geologic processes of the oc... |
The tallest mountains on Earth are located on the ocean floor. | (A) true (B) false | A | As we have seen, the ocean floor is not flat: mid-ocean ridges, deep sea trenches, and other features all rise sharply above or plunge deeply below the abyssal plains. In fact, Earths tallest mountain is Mauna Kea volcano, which rises 10,203 m (33,476 ft.)meters) from the Pacific Ocean floor to become one of the volcan... |
Earths deepest canyon is the Grand Canyon in the American Southwest. | (A) true (B) false | B | The Grand Canyon provides an excellent illustration of the principles above. The many horizontal layers of sedi- mentary rock illustrate the principle of original horizontality (Figure 1.3). The youngest rock layers are at the top and the oldest are at the bottom, which is described by the law of superposition. Distinc... |
Ocean water over the abyssal plain is shallow and warm. | (A) true (B) false | B | Oceanographers divide the ocean into zones both vertically and horizontally. |
The deepest ocean trench is 3 kilometers below sea level. | (A) true (B) false | B | Scientists were surprised to find huge mountains and deep trenches when they mapped the seafloor. The mid-ocean ridges form majestic mountain ranges through the deep oceans (Figure 6.10). Deep sea trenches are found near chains of active volcanoes. These volcanoes can be at the edges of continents or in the oceans. Tre... |
The mid-ocean ridge is created by magma that cools and hardens. | (A) true (B) false | A | Remember that the mid-ocean ridge is where hot mantle material upwells in a convection cell. The upwelling mantle melts due to pressure release to form lava. Lava flows at the surface cool rapidly to become basalt, but deeper in the crust, magma cools more slowly to form gabbro. The entire ridge system is made up of ig... |
Most of the ocean floor is too deep for organisms to live there. | (A) true (B) false | B | The ocean floor is rich in resources. The resources include both living and nonliving things. |
The only resources on or below the ocean floor are minerals such as manganese. | (A) true (B) false | B | The ocean floor is rich in resources. The resources include both living and nonliving things. |
Oil rigs floating on the ocean extract petroleum from sea water. | (A) true (B) false | B | Oil spills are another source of ocean pollution. To get at oil buried beneath the seafloor, oil rigs are built in the oceans. These rigs pump oil from beneath the ocean floor. Huge ocean tankers carry oil around the world. If something goes wrong with a rig on a tanker, millions of barrels of oil may end up in the wat... |
Hot water escapes through vents in the ocean floor. | (A) true (B) false | A | Water sometimes comes into contact with hot rock. The water may emerge at the surface as either a hot spring or a geyser. |
volcanic mountain on the ocean floor | (A) abyssal plain (B) continental shelf (C) continental slope (D) mid-ocean ridge (E) oceanic trench (F) seamount (G) metallic chimney | F | As we have seen, the ocean floor is not flat: mid-ocean ridges, deep sea trenches, and other features all rise sharply above or plunge deeply below the abyssal plains. In fact, Earths tallest mountain is Mauna Kea volcano, which rises 10,203 m (33,476 ft.)meters) from the Pacific Ocean floor to become one of the volcan... |
mostly flat part of the ocean floor under the open ocean | (A) abyssal plain (B) continental shelf (C) continental slope (D) mid-ocean ridge (E) oceanic trench (F) seamount (G) metallic chimney | A | Scientists have learned a lot about the ocean floor. For example, they know that Earths tallest mountains and deepest canyons are on the ocean floor. The major features on the ocean floor are described below. They are also shown in Figure 14.22. The continental shelf is the ocean floor nearest the edges of continents. ... |
deep canyon on the ocean floor | (A) abyssal plain (B) continental shelf (C) continental slope (D) mid-ocean ridge (E) oceanic trench (F) seamount (G) metallic chimney | E | Scientists were surprised to find huge mountains and deep trenches when they mapped the seafloor. The mid-ocean ridges form majestic mountain ranges through the deep oceans (Figure 6.10). Deep sea trenches are found near chains of active volcanoes. These volcanoes can be at the edges of continents or in the oceans. Tre... |
part of the ocean floor that lies between the continental shelf and abyssal plain | (A) abyssal plain (B) continental shelf (C) continental slope (D) mid-ocean ridge (E) oceanic trench (F) seamount (G) metallic chimney | C | Scientists have learned a lot about the ocean floor. For example, they know that Earths tallest mountains and deepest canyons are on the ocean floor. The major features on the ocean floor are described below. They are also shown in Figure 14.22. The continental shelf is the ocean floor nearest the edges of continents. ... |
mountain range that runs through all the worlds oceans | (A) abyssal plain (B) continental shelf (C) continental slope (D) mid-ocean ridge (E) oceanic trench (F) seamount (G) metallic chimney | D | Converging plates create the worlds largest mountain ranges. Each combination of plate types continent- continent, continent-ocean, and ocean-ocean creates mountains. |
structure on the ocean floor formed by minerals from hot water | (A) abyssal plain (B) continental shelf (C) continental slope (D) mid-ocean ridge (E) oceanic trench (F) seamount (G) metallic chimney | G | Oceanic crust is composed of mafic magma that erupts on the seafloor to create basalt lava flows or cools deeper down to create the intrusive igneous rock gabbro (Figure 1.1). Gabbro from ocean crust. The gabbro is deformed because of intense faulting at the eruption site. Sediments, primarily mud and the shells of tin... |
ocean floor near the edge of a continent | (A) abyssal plain (B) continental shelf (C) continental slope (D) mid-ocean ridge (E) oceanic trench (F) seamount (G) metallic chimney | B | Scientists have learned a lot about the ocean floor. For example, they know that Earths tallest mountains and deepest canyons are on the ocean floor. The major features on the ocean floor are described below. They are also shown in Figure 14.22. The continental shelf is the ocean floor nearest the edges of continents. ... |
The main reason it is difficult to directly study the deep ocean floor is that the | (A) ocean floor has not been mapped (B) pressure is too high (C) distance is too far (D) water is too hot | B | To better understand regions of the ocean, scientists define the water column by depth. They divide the entire ocean into two zones vertically, based on light level. Large lakes are divided into similar regions. Sunlight only penetrates the sea surface to a depth of about 200 m, creating the photic zone ("photic" means... |
The ocean floor can be studied by scientists at the waters surface with | (A) submersibles (B) sonar devices (C) remote-control vehicles (D) two of the above | D | Scientists study the ocean floor in various ways. Scientists or their devices may actually travel to the ocean floor. Or they may study the ocean floor from the surface. One way is with a tool called sonar. |
When using sonar, the distance to the ocean floor is calculated from the | (A) time it takes sound waves to travel to the ocean floor (B) pressure ocean water exerts on the ocean floor (C) speed of sound waves through ocean water (D) two of the above | D | Sonar uses ultrasound in a way that is similar to echolocation. Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging. It is used to locate underwater objects such as sunken ships or to determine how deep the water is. A sonar device is usually located on a boat at the surface of the water. The device is both a sender and a re... |
The deepest oceanic trench occurs in the | (A) Atlantic Ocean (B) Pacific Ocean (C) Arctic Ocean (D) Indian Ocean | B | Scientists were surprised to find huge mountains and deep trenches when they mapped the seafloor. The mid-ocean ridges form majestic mountain ranges through the deep oceans (Figure 6.10). Deep sea trenches are found near chains of active volcanoes. These volcanoes can be at the edges of continents or in the oceans. Tre... |
The mid-ocean ridge forms where tectonic plates | (A) slide past one another (B) push together (C) pull apart (D) subduct | C | Plates move apart at mid-ocean ridges. Lava rises upward, erupts, and cools. Later, more lava erupts and pushes the original seafloor outward. This is seafloor spreading. Seafloor spreading forms new oceanic crust. The rising magma causes earthquakes. Most mid-ocean ridges are located deep below the sea. The island of ... |
Examples of minerals on the ocean floor include | (A) iron (B) copper (C) manganese (D) all of the above | D | The ocean floor is rich in resources. The resources include both living and nonliving things. |
Nodules on the ocean floor are | (A) deposits of petroleum (B) pockets of natural gas (C) fossils of organisms (D) balls of minerals | D | The ocean floor is rich in resources. The resources include both living and nonliving things. |
The three major groups of marine organisms include | (A) fish (B) worms (C) plankton (D) phytoplankton | C | When you think of life in the ocean, do you think of fish? Actually, fish are not the most common life forms in the ocean. Plankton are the most common. Plankton make up one of three major groups of marine life. The other two groups are nekton and benthos. Figure 14.24 shows the three groups. |
What type of organism found in the ocean floats along with the current? | (A) plankton (B) whales (C) jellyfish (D) squids | A | When you think of life in the ocean, do you think of fish? Actually, fish are not the most common life forms in the ocean. Plankton are the most common. Plankton make up one of three major groups of marine life. The other two groups are nekton and benthos. Figure 14.24 shows the three groups. |
Most plankton are | (A) able to swim (B) microscopic in size (C) found in the aphotic zone (D) able to move on their own | B | Plankton are living things that float in the water. Most plankton are too small to see with the unaided eye. Some examples are shown in Figure 14.25. Plankton are unable to move on their own. Ocean motions carry them along. There are two main types of plankton: 1. Phytoplankton are plant-like plankton. They make food b... |
What part of a fishs body extracts oxygen from the water? | (A) bladder (B) gills (C) spleen (D) lungs | B | In order to absorb oxygen from the water, fish use gills ( Figure 1.2). Gills take dissolved oxygen from water as the water flows over the surface of the gill. Gills help a fish breathe. |
All nekton | (A) are fish (B) can swim (C) live in the photic zone (D) live in the aphotic zone | B | Nekton are living things that swim through the water. They may live at any depth, in the photic or aphotic zone. Most nekton are fish, although some are mammals. Fish have fins and streamlined bodies to help them swim. Fish also have gills to take oxygen from the water. Figure 14.26 shows examples of nekton. |
Benthic organisms that live in the intertidal must do which of the following | (A) have hard shells (B) have strong attachments (C) burrow into sediment (D) any of these | D | Conditions in the intertidal zone change rapidly as water covers and uncovers the region and waves pound on the rocks. A great abundance of life is found in the intertidal zone (Figure 1.1). High energy waves hit the organisms that live in this zone, so they must be adapted to pounding waves and exposure to air during ... |
Coral reefs | (A) are found off of nearly all shorelines (B) are rocky outcroppings with little other life (C) have a tremendous amount of biodiversity (D) none of these | C | The oceans provide a home to many living things. In fact, a greater number of organisms lives in the oceans than on land. Coral reefs, like the one in Figure 14.4, have more diversity of life forms than almost anywhere else on Earth. |
Marine organisms that move by crawling are | (A) nekton (B) benthos (C) plankton (D) zooplankton | B | The variety and number of invertebrates, animals without a backbone, is truly remarkable (Figure 1.4). Marine invertebrates include sea slugs, sea anemones, starfish, octopuses, clams, sponges, sea worms, crabs, and lobsters. Most of these animals are found close to the shore, but they can be found throughout the ocean... |
An example of a benthic organism is a | (A) sea anemone (B) whale shark (C) lion fish (D) fish larva | A | Benthos are living things on the ocean floor. Many benthic organisms attach themselves to rocks and stay in one place. This protects them from crashing waves and other water movements. Some benthic organisms burrow into sediments for food or protection. Benthic animals may crawl over the ocean floor. Examples of bentho... |
Life in the deepest ocean is | (A) non-existent (B) abundant (C) about the same as at the surface (D) scarce | D | The open ocean is a vast area. Food either washes down from the land or is created by photosynthesizing plankton. Zooplankton and larger animals feed on the phytoplankton and on each other. Larger animals such as whales and giant groupers may live their entire lives in the open water. How do fish survive in the deepest... |
Tubeworms obtain food from | (A) algae (B) bacteria (C) sediments (D) phytoplankton | B | Some flatworms live in water or moist soil. They eat invertebrates and decaying animals. Other flatworms, such as tapeworms, are parasites that live inside vertebrate hosts. Usually, more than one type of host is needed to complete the parasites life cycle, as shown in Figure 12.12. |
The most important producers in the ocean are | (A) plants (B) bacteria (C) zooplankton (D) phytoplankton | D | Figure 14.29 shows a marine food chain. Phytoplankton form the base of the food chain. Phytoplankton are the most important primary producers in the ocean. They use sunlight and nutrients to make food by photosynthesis. Small zooplankton consume phytoplankton. Larger organisms eat the small zooplankton. Larger predator... |
Nekton must live in the photic zone. | (A) true (B) false | B | Nekton are living things that swim through the water. They may live at any depth, in the photic or aphotic zone. Most nekton are fish, although some are mammals. Fish have fins and streamlined bodies to help them swim. Fish also have gills to take oxygen from the water. Figure 14.26 shows examples of nekton. |
Zooplankton may include larvae of large animals. | (A) true (B) false | A | Plankton are living things that float in the water. Most plankton are too small to see with the unaided eye. Some examples are shown in Figure 14.25. Plankton are unable to move on their own. Ocean motions carry them along. There are two main types of plankton: 1. Phytoplankton are plant-like plankton. They make food b... |
Plankton are organisms that can swim against the current. | (A) true (B) false | B | Plankton are living things that float in the water. Most plankton are too small to see with the unaided eye. Some examples are shown in Figure 14.25. Plankton are unable to move on their own. Ocean motions carry them along. There are two main types of plankton: 1. Phytoplankton are plant-like plankton. They make food b... |
There is no photosynthesis at deep-sea vents because there is no light. | (A) true (B) false | A | Two main zones based on depth of water are the photic zone and aphotic zone. The photic zone is the top 200 meters of water. The aphotic zone is water deeper than 200 meters. The deeper you go, the darker the water gets. Thats because sunlight cannot penetrate very far under water. Sunlight is needed for photosynthesis... |
If an ocean plant can photosynthesize, light must be available to the plant. | (A) true (B) false | A | Only the top 200 meters or so of water receive enough sunlight for photosynthesis. This part of the water is called the photic zone. Below 200 meters, there is too little sunlight for photosynthesis to take place. This part of the water is called the aphotic zone. In this zone, food must come from other sources. It may... |
All marine organisms are adapted to life in salt water. | (A) true (B) false | A | Halophiles are organisms that "love" salt. They can survive in very salty water. For example, they have been found in the Great Salt Lake in Utah and the Dead Sea between Israel and Jordan. Both of these bodies of water are much saltier than the ocean. |
No marine organism can withstand the extreme water pressure at the bottom of the ocean. | (A) true (B) false | B | Pressure is the amount of force acting on a given area. As you go deeper in the ocean, the pressure exerted by the water increases steadily. Thats because there is more and more water pressing down on you from above. The Figure 1.1 shows how pressure changes with depth. For each additional meter below the surface, pres... |
Fish are the most numerous life forms in the ocean. | (A) true (B) false | B | When you think of life in the ocean, do you think of fish? Actually, fish are not the most common life forms in the ocean. Plankton are the most common. Plankton make up one of three major groups of marine life. The other two groups are nekton and benthos. Figure 14.24 shows the three groups. |
Plankton range in size from bacteria to whales. | (A) true (B) false | B | Plankton are living things that float in the water. Most plankton are too small to see with the unaided eye. Some examples are shown in Figure 14.25. Plankton are unable to move on their own. Ocean motions carry them along. There are two main types of plankton: 1. Phytoplankton are plant-like plankton. They make food b... |
Plankton always remain in one place because they cannot swim. | (A) true (B) false | B | Plankton are living things that float in the water. Most plankton are too small to see with the unaided eye. Some examples are shown in Figure 14.25. Plankton are unable to move on their own. Ocean motions carry them along. There are two main types of plankton: 1. Phytoplankton are plant-like plankton. They make food b... |
Zooplankton feed on phytoplankton. | (A) true (B) false | A | Figure 14.29 shows a marine food chain. Phytoplankton form the base of the food chain. Phytoplankton are the most important primary producers in the ocean. They use sunlight and nutrients to make food by photosynthesis. Small zooplankton consume phytoplankton. Larger organisms eat the small zooplankton. Larger predator... |
Some nekton are mammals. | (A) true (B) false | A | Nekton are living things that swim through the water. They may live at any depth, in the photic or aphotic zone. Most nekton are fish, although some are mammals. Fish have fins and streamlined bodies to help them swim. Fish also have gills to take oxygen from the water. Figure 14.26 shows examples of nekton. |
Fish swim with their fins and gills. | (A) true (B) false | B | You can see some of the aquatic adaptations of fish in Figure 13.7. For a video introduction to aquatic adaptations of fish, go to this link: . MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: Fish are covered with scales. Scales are overlapping tissues, like shingles on a roof. They reduce friction with the ... |
Many benthic organisms attach themselves to rocks. | (A) true (B) false | A | Benthos are living things on the ocean floor. Many benthic organisms attach themselves to rocks and stay in one place. This protects them from crashing waves and other water movements. Some benthic organisms burrow into sediments for food or protection. Benthic animals may crawl over the ocean floor. Examples of bentho... |
Sea cucumbers live on the ocean floor. | (A) true (B) false | A | Sea cucumbers at National Geographic http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/sea-cucu 1. Where do sea cucumbers live? 2. How do sea cucumbers eat? |
marine organisms that swim | (A) benthos (B) nekton (C) phytoplankton (D) plankton (E) zooplankton (F) alga (G) fish larva | B | While almost all echinoderms live on the sea floor, some sea-lilies can swim at great speeds for brief periods of time, and a few sea cucumbers are fully floating. Some echinoderms find other ways of moving. For example, crinoids attach themselves to floating logs, and some sea cucumbers move by attaching to the sides ... |
example of zooplankton | (A) benthos (B) nekton (C) phytoplankton (D) plankton (E) zooplankton (F) alga (G) fish larva | G | Plankton are living things that float in the water. Most plankton are too small to see with the unaided eye. Some examples are shown in Figure 14.25. Plankton are unable to move on their own. Ocean motions carry them along. There are two main types of plankton: 1. Phytoplankton are plant-like plankton. They make food b... |
name for plant-like plankton | (A) benthos (B) nekton (C) phytoplankton (D) plankton (E) zooplankton (F) alga (G) fish larva | C | Plankton are organisms that cannot swim but that float along with the current. The word "plankton" comes from the Greek for wanderer. Most plankton are microscopic, but some are visible to the naked eye (Figure 1.1). Phytoplankton are tiny plants that make food by photosynthesis. Because they need sunlight, phytoplankt... |
name for animal-like plankton | (A) benthos (B) nekton (C) phytoplankton (D) plankton (E) zooplankton (F) alga (G) fish larva | E | Plankton are organisms that cannot swim but that float along with the current. The word "plankton" comes from the Greek for wanderer. Most plankton are microscopic, but some are visible to the naked eye (Figure 1.1). Phytoplankton are tiny plants that make food by photosynthesis. Because they need sunlight, phytoplankt... |
general term for marine organisms that float on water | (A) benthos (B) nekton (C) phytoplankton (D) plankton (E) zooplankton (F) alga (G) fish larva | D | Plankton are living things that float in the water. Most plankton are too small to see with the unaided eye. Some examples are shown in Figure 14.25. Plankton are unable to move on their own. Ocean motions carry them along. There are two main types of plankton: 1. Phytoplankton are plant-like plankton. They make food b... |
organisms that live on the ocean floor | (A) benthos (B) nekton (C) phytoplankton (D) plankton (E) zooplankton (F) alga (G) fish larva | A | The ocean floor is home to many species of living things. Some from shallow water are used by people for food. Clams and some fish are among the many foods we get from the ocean floor. Some living things on the ocean floor are sources of human medicines. For example, certain bacteria on the ocean floor produce chemical... |
example of phytoplankton | (A) benthos (B) nekton (C) phytoplankton (D) plankton (E) zooplankton (F) alga (G) fish larva | F | Plankton are organisms that cannot swim but that float along with the current. The word "plankton" comes from the Greek for wanderer. Most plankton are microscopic, but some are visible to the naked eye (Figure 1.1). Phytoplankton are tiny plants that make food by photosynthesis. Because they need sunlight, phytoplankt... |
A campfire warms the campers sitting around it by conduction. | (A) true (B) false | B | Energy can move from one place to another. It can travel through space or matter. Thats why you can feel the heat of a campfire and see its light. These forms of energy travel from the campfire to you. |
When heat is transferred by the movement of electromagnetic waves it is called | (A) convection (B) conduction (C) radiation (D) none of these | C | Electromagnetic waves are waves that consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. Like other waves, electro- magnetic waves transfer energy from one place to another. The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic waves can transfer energy through matter or ac... |
Energy can travel only through matter. | (A) true (B) false | B | The energy of a mechanical wave can travel only through matter. This matter is called the medium (plural, media). The medium in Figure 19.1 is a liquid the water in the pond. But the medium of a mechanical wave can be any state of matter, including a solid or a gas. Its important to note that particles of matter in the... |
Electromagnetic spectrum | (A) is all visible to humans (B) has the highest energy at the short wavelengths (C) has the highest energy in the infrared (D) is only able to travel through material | B | Electromagnetic radiation occurs in waves of different wavelengths and frequencies. Infrared light and visible light make up just a small part of the full range of electromagnetic radiation, which is called the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is summarized in the diagram in Figure 21.7. On the fa... |
Most of the energy on Earth comes from the sun. | (A) true (B) false | A | Almost all energy on Earth comes from the Sun. The Suns energy heats the planet and the air around it. Sunlight also powers photosynthesis and life on Earth. |
The vertical movement of air due to the uneven heating is called | (A) convection (B) reflection (C) conduction (D) refraction | A | Air movement takes place in the troposphere. This is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Air moves because of differences in heating. These differences create convection currents and winds. Figure 15.19 shows how this happens. Air in the troposphere is warmer near the ground. The warm air rises because it is light. The... |
Wavelengths that are short and very high energy are | (A) infrared (B) radio waves (C) ultraviolet (D) visible light | C | The shortest-wavelength, highest-frequency electromagnetic waves are X rays and gamma rays. These rays have so much energy that they can pass through many materials. This makes them potentially very harmful, but it also makes them useful for certain purposes. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.