text
stringlengths
0
238k
Plot [ edit ] Peter Neal, an American writer of violent horror novels, visits
Italy to promote his latest work, Tenebrae . He is accompanied by his literary
agent, Bullmer, and his assistant, Anne. Neal is unaware that he has also been
followed to Rome by his embittered ex-fiancée, Jane. Just before Neal arrives
in Rome, Elsa, a young female shoplifter, is murdered with a razor by an
unseen assailant. The murderer sends Neal a letter informing him that his
books have inspired him to go on a killing spree. Neal is soon contacted by
the police in the form of Detective Germani and his partner, Inspector
Altieri. More killings take place. Tilde, a lesbian journalist, is murdered at
her home along with her lover Marion. Maria, the young daughter of Neal's
landlord, is later hacked to death with an axe after discovering the killer's
lair. Neal notices that TV interviewer Cristiano Berti has an unusually
intense interest in his work. That night, Neal and his Italian assistant
Gianni go to watch Berti's house. Gianni approaches the house alone to get a
better view and witnesses Berti get hacked to death with an axe. However,
Gianni is unable to see the murderer's face, and returns to Neal, only to find
the novelist has been knocked unconscious on the lawn. Germani discovers that
Berti was obsessed with Neal's novels, and believes the killings will stop now
that Berti is dead. However, Bullmer, who is having an affair with Jane, is
stabbed to death while waiting for his lover in a public square. Gianni is
haunted by the thought that he missed the importance of something he saw at
Berti's house. He returns to the house and suddenly remembers that he had
heard Berti confessing to his attacker: "I killed them all, I killed them
all!" Before Gianni can share this detail with anyone, he is strangled to
death from the back seat of his car. Jane sits at her kitchen table with a
pistol when a figure leaps through her window and hacks off one of her arms.
The wound sprays blood over the kitchen walls before Jane falls to the floor.
The killer continues to hack at her until she is dead, at which point Neal is
revealed to be the murderer. Upon learning the details of Berti's sadistic
murder spree, Neal recovered a previously repressed memory involving his
murder of a girl who had sexually humiliated him when he was a youth in Rhode
Island . The memory tormented Neal and inflamed his previously repressed lust
for blood, driving him insane. Inspector Altieri arrives at the house and Neal
kills her. Germani and Anne arrive soon afterwards; surrounded, Neal sees that
he cannot escape and seemingly slits his throat in front of them. Finding the
telephone out of order, Germani and Anne go outside to report the incident
from the car radio. Germani returns to the house where he gets murdered by
Neal, who had faked his own death. Neal waits inside for Anne to return, but
when she opens the door, she accidentally knocks over a metal sculpture that
impales and kills Neal. A horrified Anne stands in the rain screaming
incessantly. Cast [ edit ] Anthony Franciosa as Peter Neal John Saxon as
Bullmer Daria Nicolodi as Anne Giuliano Gemma as Detective Germani Carola
Stagnaro [ it ] as Detective Altieri John Steiner as Christiano Berti Veronica
Lario as Jane McKerrow Mirella D'Angelo as Tilde Christian Borromeo as Gianni
Ania Pieroni as Elsa Manni Lara Wendel as Maria Alboretto Mirella Banti [ it ]
as Marion Eva Robin's as Girl on Beach Ennio Girolami as Department Store
Manager Marino Masé as John Fulvio Mingozzi as Mr. Alboretto Lamberto Bava as
Elevator Repairman (uncredited) [7] Michele Soavi as Man in Flashback
(uncredited) [7] Analysis [ edit ] Influences [ edit ] According to the film
historian and critic Bill Warren , Tenebrae is a typical example of the giallo
film genre: "visually extremely stylish, with imaginative, sometimes stunning
cinematography", it presents "mysterious, gruesome murders, often in
picturesque locations; at the end, the identity of the murderer is disclosed
in a scene destined to terrify and surprise." [8] These narrative and visual
strategies had been introduced years before Argento made his first thriller,
1970's The Bird with the Crystal Plumage —most critics point to Mario Bava 's
The Girl Who Knew Too Much (1963) as the original giallo . [9] [10] By the
time Argento made Tenebrae , he had become the acknowledged master of the
genre, to the point where he felt confident enough to be openly self-
referential to his own past, referencing the "reckless driving humor" from The
Cat o' Nine Tails (1971) and the hero from The Bird with the Crystal Plumage .
[11] The scene in which Veronica Lario 's character, Jane, returns home
directly references The Bird with the Crystal Plumage with its large sculpture
in the entrance hallway. [5] Warren and Alan Jones cite a scene where a
character is killed in a public square as evoking the work of Alfred Hitchcock
; [5] [8] Thomas Rostock agrees that the editing of the sequence is in a
Hitchcockian vein, while the lighting is more influenced by Michelangelo
Antonioni . [12] The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh argues that
Argento's influences for Tenebrae were far broader than just his own films or
previous Italian thrillers. She refers to the strong narrative in the film as
an example of "the most paranoid excesses of film noir ." McDonagh suggests
that Fritz Lang 's Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (1956) ("in which a man convicted
of murder on false evidence ... is in fact guilty of the murder") and Roy
William Neill 's Black Angel (1946) ("in which a man who tries to clear a
murder suspect does so at the cost of learning that he himself is the killer")
both use such a similar plot twist to Tenebrae that Argento may have used them
as partial models for his story. [13] Kim Newman and Alan Jones suggest that
the mysteries of Arthur Conan Doyle , Rex Stout , and Agatha Christie were all
obvious influences on Tenebrae , and there are many references to these
authors throughout the film. [14] One example is the use of a quote from
Sherlock Holmes in Conan Doyle's novel The Sign of Four (1890): "How often
have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever
remains, however improbable, must be the truth?" A variation of this quote is
delivered many times in Tenebrae . Another reference is the dog attack: as
something of a non sequitur , the scene is thought by Newman to be a likely
nod to Conan Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles (1901–1902). [15] Neal is
seen to be reading this novel in an early scene. [16] The imagery in the beach
flashback references the American mystery film Suddenly, Last Summer (1959),
especially the scene of Eva Robin's wearing white while kneeling in the sand,
which is a direct reference to Elizabeth Taylor in that film. [17] Themes [
edit ] Critics have identified various major themes in Tenebrae . In
interviews conducted during the film's production, the usually somewhat
reticent Argento offered his candid views on the thematic content of the film.
As biographer Maitland McDonagh noted in Broken Mirrors/Broken Minds: The Dark
Dreams of Dario Argento , "Argento has never been more articulate and/or
analytical than he was on the subject of Tenebrae ." [18] Film scholar William
Hope considers the film to be devoid of classical narrative progression and
states that the characters "lack a narrative function or purpose, existing
only to be killed in a spectacular fashion, their death hardly moving the
narrative on at all. Traditional cause and effect are seemingly forgotten or