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being sexually humiliated by a beautiful woman in his youth." [20] McDonagh |
also notes that Tenebrae expands on the themes of sexuality and transvestitism |
found in Argento's earlier films, The Bird with the Crystal Plumage , The Cat |
o' Nine Tails , Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1972), and Deep Red (1975), but |
believes that Tenebrae ' s "overall sensuality sets it apart from Argento's |
other gialli ." She says that the film's sexual content and abundant nudity |
make it "the first of Argento's films to have an overtly erotic aspect", and |
further notes that " Tenebrae is fraught with free-floating anxiety that is |
specifically sexual in nature." [40] Gracey notes that in several scenes the |
victims gaze directly into the camera, which demonstrates Argento's |
"preoccupation with voyeurism and spectacle". [41] McDonagh noted that two |
sexually charged flashbacks are key to understanding Tenebrae . These distinct |
but strongly related memory fragments are introduced repeatedly throughout the |
film, usually immediately following a murder sequence. Although the flashbacks |
are never fully explained, the first one reveals a beautiful young woman's |
sexual humiliation of a teenage boy, presumed to be Peter Neal. The young |
woman is mostly topless during this first sequence, and she humiliates the |
young man by jamming the heel of one of her shiny red shoes into his mouth |
while he is held down by a group of gleeful boys on a pale-white beach. The |
second flashback shows the vicious revenge-murder of the woman some time |
later. McDonagh notes that all of the fetishistic imagery of these flashbacks, |
combined with the sadistic details of the murder sequences in the main |
narrative, "set the parameters of Tenebrae ' s fetishistic and fetishicized |
visual vocabulary, couched in terms both ritualistic and orgiastically out of |
control ... Peter Neal indulges in sins of the flesh and Tenebrae revels in |
them, inviting the spectator to join in; in fact, it dares the viewer not to |
do so." [42] Vision impairment [ edit ] The protagonists in Argento's giallo |
films almost always suffer from vision impairment of some kind. [43] It is |
these characters' chronic inability to find the missing pieces of a puzzle. |
The puzzle being the solution of a murder (or series of murders) that |
generally provides much of the films' narrative thrust. Most obviously is the |
blind Franco Arno ( Karl Malden ) in The Cat o' Nine Tails , who must use his |
heightened aural sense in combination with visual clues supplied to him by his |
niece to solve a mystery. In The Bird with the Crystal Plumage , Sam Dalmas ( |
Tony Musante ) witnesses a murder attempt but admits to the police that |
something seems to be "missing"; as the film's surprise ending makes clear, he |
did not "miss" anything, but simply misinterpreted what happened in front of |
his eyes. In Deep Red , Marcus ( David Hemmings ) has a similar problem in |
both seeing and not seeing the murderer at the scene of the crime, and does |
not realize his mistake until it is almost too late. This recurring theme, |
according to Douglas E. Winter , creates "a world of danger and deception, |
where seeing is not believing". [44] Flanagan observes that in Tenebrae , |
Argento offers two characters who suffer from impaired vision. Gianni |
(Christian Borromeo) is an eyewitness to an axe-murder, but the trauma of |
seeing the killing causes him to disregard a vital clue. Returning to the |
scene of the crime, he suddenly remembers everything and is murdered before |
being able to tell anyone. Homicide detective Giermani reveals that he is a |
big fan of the novels of Agatha Christie , Mickey Spillane , Rex Stout , and |
Ed McBain , but admits that he has never been able to guess the identity of |
the killer in any of the books. He is similarly unable to solve the real |
mystery until the last corpses are piled at his feet – he cannot see Peter |
Neal for what he really is. [43] An imaginary city [ edit ] In an interview |
that appeared in Cinefantastique , Argento noted that the film was intended as |
near- science fiction , taking place "about five or more years in the future |
... Tenebrae occurs in a world inhabited by fewer people with the result that |
the remainder are wealthier and less crowded. Something has happened to make |
it that way but no one remembers, or wants to remember ... It isn't exactly my |
Blade Runner , of course, but nevertheless a step into the world of tomorrow. |
If you watch the film with this perspective in mind, it will become very |
apparent." [45] Argento later insisted that the film was set in an imaginary |
city, fifteen years in the future and that the disaster the city's inhabitants |
were striving to forget was an atomic bomb blast. [34] Despite Argento's |
claim, Maitland McDonagh observed that this vaguely science-fictional concept |
"isn't apparent at all" and that no critics at the time noted the underlying |
futuristic theme in their reviews of the theatrical release of the film. [18] |
The film critic and author Kim Newman countered that in avoiding a more |
recognisable Rome in favour of suburbia, Argento had succeeded in giving some |
parts of the film an almost futuristic sheen. [46] Argento biographer Alan |
Jones agreed that Argento's intention did come across in these scenes, [47] |
and Newman cites the on-screen use a videophone as an attempt by Argento to |
place Tenebrae in the near future. [48] While rejecting this thematic concern |
as unrealized by Argento, McDonagh noted that the result of the director's |
experiment is a strange "architectural landscape" that becomes the "key |
element in differentiating Tenebrae from Argento's earlier gialli ." Argento's |
use of unusual architectural space and so-called visual "hyper-realism" |
results in an enormously fake looking environment. Seizing on the director's |
additional comment, "... I dreamed an imaginary city in which the most amazing |
things happen", she notes that the film's "fictive space couldn't be less |
'real'", with its "vast unpopulated boulevards, piazzas that look like nothing |
more than suburban American malls, hard-edged Bauhaus apartment buildings, |
anonymous clubs, and parking garages." [49] The EUR district of Rome, where |
much of Tenebrae was filmed, was built in preparation for the 1942 World's |
Fair and intended by then-Prime Minister of Italy Benito Mussolini to be a |
celebration of twenty years of fascism . Rostock believes that Argento used |
this location as an attempt to realize his theme of an imaginary city; the |
district gives a glimpse of a future Rome that never was, showing the city how |
it might have looked had fascism not fallen. [50] Production [ edit ] |
Background [ edit ] Director Dario Argento in 2014 After completing Inferno |
(1980), the second in his planned Three Mothers trilogy of supernatural horror |
films, Argento was expected to move straight into production of its concluding |
chapter. The first in the trilogy, Suspiria (1977), had turned the director |
into what Alan Jones called "a horror superstar", but Inferno had proven a |
difficult follow-up. Argento had become unwell while writing the film, and his |
ill health continued into filming. In addition, Argento's relationship with |
Inferno ' s co-producer 20th Century Fox had soured the director on "Hollywood |
politics", so when Inferno was not well-received upon release, Argento put the |
Three Mothers trilogy on hold. [6] Inferno also flopped commercially. [46] |
According to James Gracey, Argento – under pressure and feeling "the need to |
once again defy expectations" – returned to the giallo genre and began work on |
Tenebrae . [51] Argento later stated that he wanted to "put on film a gory |
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