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wikidoc
BRCA screening tools
BRCA screening tools # Overview The presence of potentially harmful BRCA mutations can be detected by using genetic sequencing tests. Several screening tools have been developed for primary care providers in order to identify women at high risk of breat cancer and who should be referred for in depth genetic counselin...
BRCA screening tools Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Twinkle Singh, M.B.B.S. [2] # Overview The presence of potentially harmful BRCA mutations can be detected by using genetic sequencing tests. Several screening tools have been developed for primary care providers i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/BRCA_screening_tools
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wikidoc
Bachelor of medicine
Bachelor of medicine Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, or in Latin Medicinae Baccalaureus et Baccalaureus Chirurgiae (abbreviated MB BChir, MB BCh, MB ChB, BM BS, MB BS etc.), are the two degrees awarded after a course of undergraduate study in medicine and surgery at a university in the United Kingdom and ...
Bachelor of medicine Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, or in Latin Medicinae Baccalaureus et Baccalaureus Chirurgiae (abbreviated MB BChir, MB BCh, MB ChB, BM BS, MB BS etc.), are the two degrees awarded after a course of undergraduate study in medicine and surgery at a university in the United Kingdom and...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bachelor_of_medicine
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wikidoc
Bacitracin (topical)
Bacitracin (topical) - in case of deep or puncture wounds - animal bites - serious burns - First aid to help prevent infection in: - Minor cuts - scrapes - burns # Dosing Information - clean the affected areas - apply a small amount of product (an amount equal to the surface area of the tip of the finger) on the area ...
Bacitracin (topical) - in case of deep or puncture wounds - animal bites - serious burns - First aid to help prevent infection in: - Minor cuts - scrapes - burns ### Dosing Information - clean the affected areas - apply a small amount of product (an amount equal to the surface area of the tip of the finger) on the ar...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bacitracin_(topical)
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wikidoc
Background radiation
Background radiation Background radiation is the ionizing radiation emitted from a variety of natural and artificial radiation sources. Primary contributions come from: - Sources in the earth. These include sources in food and water, which are incorporated in the body, and in building materials and other products that...
Background radiation Background radiation is the ionizing radiation emitted from a variety of natural and artificial radiation sources. Primary contributions come from: - Sources in the earth. These include sources in food and water, which are incorporated in the body, and in building materials and other products tha...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Background_radiation
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Bacteriostatic agent
Bacteriostatic agent # Overview Bacteriostatic antibiotics hamper the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacterial: - Protein production, - DNA replication, - Cellular metabolism. Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit growth and reproduction of bacteria without killing them; killing is done by bactericidal agents. B...
Bacteriostatic agent # Overview Bacteriostatic antibiotics hamper the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacterial: - Protein production, - DNA replication, - Cellular metabolism. Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit growth and reproduction of bacteria without killing them; killing is done by bactericidal agents. B...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bacteriostatic
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Baeyer strain theory
Baeyer strain theory Baeyer strain theory or strain theory explains specific behaviour of chemical compounds in terms of bond angle strain. It was proposed by Adolf von Baeyer in 1885 to account for the unusual chemical reactivity in ring opening reactions of cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes where this angle strain is re...
Baeyer strain theory Baeyer strain theory or strain theory explains specific behaviour of chemical compounds in terms of bond angle strain. It was proposed by Adolf von Baeyer in 1885 to account for the unusual chemical reactivity in ring opening reactions of cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes where this angle strain is r...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Baeyer_strain_theory
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Banisteriopsis caapi
Banisteriopsis caapi Banisteriopsis caapi, also known as Ayahuasca, Caapi or Yage, is a South American jungle vine of the family Malpighiaceae. It is used to prepare Ayahuasca, a decoction that has a long history of entheogenic uses as a medicine and "plant teacher" among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Rainforest...
Banisteriopsis caapi Banisteriopsis caapi, also known as Ayahuasca, Caapi or Yage, is a South American jungle vine of the family Malpighiaceae. It is used to prepare Ayahuasca, a decoction that has a long history of entheogenic uses as a medicine and "plant teacher" among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Rainfores...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Banisteriopsis_caapi
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wikidoc
Stratum germinativum
Stratum germinativum Stratum germinativum (also stratum basale or basal cell layer) is the layer of keratinocytes that lies at the base of the epidermis immediately above the dermis. It consists of a single layer of tall, simple columnar epithelial cells lying on a basement membrane. These cells undergo rapid cell divi...
Stratum germinativum Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Stratum germinativum (also stratum basale or basal cell layer) is the layer of keratinocytes that lies at the base of the epidermis immediately above the dermis. It consists of a single layer of tall, simple columnar epith...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Basal_cell
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wikidoc
Basolateral membrane
Basolateral membrane # Overview The basolateral membrane of a polarized cell is the part of the plasma membrane that forms its basal and lateral surfaces, distinct from the apical (or lumenal) surface. This is particularly evident in epithelial cells, but also describes other polarized cells, such as neurons. "Basolat...
Basolateral membrane # Overview The basolateral membrane of a polarized cell is the part of the plasma membrane that forms its basal and lateral surfaces, distinct from the apical (or lumenal) surface. This is particularly evident in epithelial cells, but also describes other polarized cells, such as neurons. "Basolat...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Basal_membrane
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Base excision repair
Base excision repair Base excision repair (BER) is a cellular mechanism that can repair damaged DNA during DNA replication. Repairing DNA sequence errors is necessary so that mutations are not induced during replication. Single bases in DNA can be chemically mutated, for example by deamination or alkylation, resulting ...
Base excision repair Base excision repair (BER) is a cellular mechanism that can repair damaged DNA during DNA replication. Repairing DNA sequence errors is necessary so that mutations are not induced during replication. Single bases in DNA can be chemically mutated, for example by deamination or alkylation, resulting...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Base_excision_repair
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Basidiobolus ranarum
Basidiobolus ranarum Basidiobolus ranarum is a microscopic fungus in the order Entomophthorales. # Life history It produces large, spherical, asexual spores that are forcibly discharged. Those spores can germinate directly to produce hyphae. When they land in an unfavorable location, they can alternately germinate to...
Basidiobolus ranarum Basidiobolus ranarum is a microscopic fungus in the order Entomophthorales. # Life history It produces large, spherical, asexual spores that are forcibly discharged. Those spores can germinate directly to produce hyphae. When they land in an unfavorable location, they can alternately germinate t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Basidiobolus_ranarum
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wikidoc
Basophil granulocyte
Basophil granulocyte Basophils are the least common of the granulocytes, representing about 0.01% to 0.3% of circulating leukocytes (white blood cells). They contain large cytoplasmic granules which obscure the cell nucleus under the microscope. However, when unstained, the nucleus is visible and it usually has 2 lobes...
Basophil granulocyte Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Template:Redirect3 Basophils are the least common of the granulocytes, representing about 0.01% to 0.3% of circulating leukocytes (white blood cells). They contain large cytoplasmic granules which obscure the cell nucleus under the microscope. How...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Basopenia
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Magnesium salicylate
Magnesium salicylate Magnesium salicylate is a common analgesic and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat mild to moderate muscular pain. It is also used to treat headaches, general back pain, and certain joint pains like arthritis. It is found in a variety of over-the-counter (OTC) medications as...
Magnesium salicylate Magnesium salicylate is a common analgesic and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat mild to moderate muscular pain. It is also used to treat headaches, general back pain, and certain joint pains like arthritis. It is found in a variety of over-the-counter (OTC) medications a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bayer_Select_Backache_Pain_Formula
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Bayesian probability
Bayesian probability Bayesian probability is an interpretation of the probability calculus which holds that the concept of probability can be defined as the degree to which a person (or community) believes that a proposition is true. Bayesian theory also suggests that Bayes' theorem can be used as a rule to infer or up...
Bayesian probability Bayesian probability is an interpretation of the probability calculus which holds that the concept of probability can be defined as the degree to which a person (or community) believes that a proposition is true. Bayesian theory also suggests that Bayes' theorem can be used as a rule to infer or u...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bayesian_probability
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Bedaquiline fumarate
Bedaquiline fumarate # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on ...
Bedaquiline fumarate Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intend...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bedaquiline
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wikidoc
Emergency Ultrasound
Emergency Ultrasound # Introduction Emergency Ultrasound is the use of portable ultrasound at the bedside of patients in the emergency department to diagnose, guide treatment, and facilitate procedures. In North America patients typically travel to a radiology suite adjacent to the Emergency Department for diagnostic...
Emergency Ultrasound Editor-in-Chief: Casey Glass, M.D. [1] # Introduction Emergency Ultrasound is the use of portable ultrasound at the bedside of patients in the emergency department to diagnose, guide treatment, and facilitate procedures. In North America patients typically travel to a radiology suite adjacent to...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bedside_ultrasound
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Behavioural genetics
Behavioural genetics Behavioural genetics is the field of biology that studies the role of genetics in animal (including human) behaviour. The field is an overlap of genetics, ethology and psychology. Classically, behavioural geneticists have studied the heritability of behavioural traits. # History In 1869, Francis ...
Behavioural genetics Behavioural genetics is the field of biology that studies the role of genetics in animal (including human) behaviour. The field is an overlap of genetics, ethology and psychology. Classically, behavioural geneticists have studied the heritability of behavioural traits. # History In 1869, Francis...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Behavioral_genetics
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wikidoc
Behavioral neurology
Behavioral neurology # Overview Behavioral neurology is a subspecialty of neurology that studies the neurological basis of behavior, memory, and cognition, the impact of neurological damage and disease upon these functions, and the treatment thereof. Two fields associated with behavioral neurology are neuropsychiatry...
Behavioral neurology Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Template:Neuropsychology # Overview Behavioral neurology is a subspecialty of neurology that studies the neurological basis of behavior, memory, and cognition, the impact of neurological damage and disease upon these functions, and the treatment ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Behavioral_neurology
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Benzocaine (topical)
Benzocaine (topical) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on ...
Benzocaine (topical) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is inte...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Benzocaine_(topical)
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wikidoc
Bepotastine Besilate
Bepotastine Besilate # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on ...
Bepotastine Besilate Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rabin Bista, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is in...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bepotastine_Besilate
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wikidoc
Berry–Esséen theorem
Berry–Esséen theorem The central limit theorem in probability theory and statistics states that under certain circumstances the sample mean, considered as a random quantity, becomes more normally distributed as the sample size is increased. The Berry–Esséen theorem, also known as the Berry–Esséen inequality, attempts t...
Berry–Esséen theorem The central limit theorem in probability theory and statistics states that under certain circumstances the sample mean, considered as a random quantity, becomes more normally distributed as the sample size is increased. The Berry–Esséen theorem, also known as the Berry–Esséen inequality, attempts ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Berry%E2%80%93Ess%C3%A9en_theorem
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wikidoc
Beta-2 microglobulin
Beta-2 microglobulin β2 microglobulin also known as B2M is a component of MHC class I molecules, MHC class I molecules have α1, α2, and α3 proteins which are present on all nucleated cells (excludes red blood cells). In humans, the β2 microglobulin protein is encoded by the B2M gene. # Structure and function β2 micr...
Beta-2 microglobulin β2 microglobulin also known as B2M is a component of MHC class I molecules, MHC class I molecules have α1, α2, and α3 proteins which are present on all nucleated cells (excludes red blood cells).[1][2] In humans, the β2 microglobulin protein[3] is encoded by the B2M gene.[2][4] # Structure and ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta-2-microglobulin
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Bethanechol chloride
Bethanechol chloride # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on ...
Bethanechol chloride Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gloria Picoy [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bethanechol_chloride
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wikidoc
Bias of an estimator
Bias of an estimator # Overview In statistics, the difference between an estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated is called the bias. An estimator or decision rule having nonzero bias is said to be biased. Although the term bias sounds pejorative, it is not necessarily used in tha...
Bias of an estimator # Overview In statistics, the difference between an estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated is called the bias. An estimator or decision rule having nonzero bias is said to be biased. Although the term bias sounds pejorative, it is not necessarily used in tha...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bias_of_an_estimator
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wikidoc
Uterine malformation
Uterine malformation A uterine malformation is the result of an abnormal development of the Mullerian duct(s) during embryogenesis. Symptoms range from amenorrhea, infertility and pain, to normal functioning depending on the nature of the defect. Uterine malformations affect about 1% of the female population. # Types ...
Uterine malformation Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] A uterine malformation is the result of an abnormal development of the Mullerian duct(s) during embryogenesis. Symptoms range from amenorrhea, infertility and pain, to normal functioning depending on the nature of the defect. Uterine malformations...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bicornuate_uterus
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Biliverdin reductase
Biliverdin reductase Biliverdin reductase (BVR) is an enzyme (EC 1.3.1.24) found in all tissues under normal conditions, but especially in reticulo-macrophages of the liver and spleen. BVR facilitates the conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin via the reduction of a double-bond between the second and third pyrrole ring...
Biliverdin reductase Biliverdin reductase (BVR) is an enzyme (EC 1.3.1.24) found in all tissues under normal conditions, but especially in reticulo-macrophages of the liver and spleen. BVR facilitates the conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin via the reduction of a double-bond between the second and third pyrrole rin...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biliverdin_reductase
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wikidoc
Binswanger's disease
Binswanger's disease Synonyms and keywords: Subcortical leukoencephalopathy; progressive vascular leukoencephalopathy; subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy # Overview Binswanger's disease is a rare form of multi-infarct dementia caused by damage to deep white brain matter. It is characterized by memory loss and...
Binswanger's disease Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Subcortical leukoencephalopathy; progressive vascular leukoencephalopathy; subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy # Overview Binswanger's disease is a rare form of multi-infarct dementia caused by damage to deep white ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Binswanger%27s_Disease
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wikidoc
Bioabsorbable stents
Bioabsorbable stents # Overview Bioabsorbable stents, also known as the disappearing stents, are a promising new discovery in the field of interventional cardiology. They have been an interesting field of research over the past decade and half. As the name suggests they get absorbed completely over a period of time a...
Bioabsorbable stents Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] # Overview Bioabsorbable stents, also known as the disappearing stents, are a promising new discovery in the field of interventional cardiology. They have been an interesting field o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bioabsorbable_stents
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wikidoc
Biogeochemical cycle
Biogeochemical cycle In ecology and Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle is a circuit or pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves through both biotic ("bio-") and abiotic ("geo-") compartments of an ecosystem. In effect, the element is recycled, although in some such cycles there may be places (called "si...
Biogeochemical cycle In ecology and Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle is a circuit or pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves through both biotic ("bio-") and abiotic ("geo-") compartments of an ecosystem. In effect, the element is recycled, although in some such cycles there may be places (called "s...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biogeochemical_cycle
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Biological detergent
Biological detergent A biological detergent is a detergent used for washing clothing that contains enzymes. The description is commonly used in the United Kingdom, where other washing detergents are described as "non-biological". The terms are sometimes abbreviated to bio and "non-bio". The purposes of the enzymes is t...
Biological detergent A biological detergent is a detergent used for washing clothing that contains enzymes. The description is commonly used in the United Kingdom, where other washing detergents are described as "non-biological". The terms are sometimes abbreviated to bio and "non-bio". The purposes of the enzymes is ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biological_detergent
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Biological half-life
Biological half-life The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity, as per the MeSH definition. Biological half-life is an important pharmacokinetic parameter and is usually denote...
Biological half-life Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity, as per the MeSH definition. Biological half-life is an impor...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biological_half-life
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Bis(benzene)chromium
Bis(benzene)chromium Bis(benzene)chromium is the chemical compound with the formula Cr(η6-C6H6)2. It is sometimes called dibenzenechromium. The compound played an important historic role in the development of sandwich compounds in organometallic chemistry and is the prototypical complex of two arene ligands. # Prepar...
Bis(benzene)chromium Template:Chembox new Bis(benzene)chromium is the chemical compound with the formula Cr(η6-C6H6)2. It is sometimes called dibenzenechromium. The compound played an important historic role in the development of sandwich compounds in organometallic chemistry and is the prototypical complex of two ar...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bis(benzene)chromium
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Bisulfite sequencing
Bisulfite sequencing Bisulfite sequencing is the use of bisulfite treatment of DNA to determine its pattern of methylation. DNA methylation was the first discovered epigenetic mark, and remains the most studied. In animals it predominantly involves the addition of a methyl group to the carbon-5 position of cytosine res...
Bisulfite sequencing Bisulfite sequencing is the use of bisulfite treatment of DNA to determine its pattern of methylation. DNA methylation was the first discovered epigenetic mark, and remains the most studied. In animals it predominantly involves the addition of a methyl group to the carbon-5 position of cytosine re...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bisulfite_sequencing
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wikidoc
Pulmonary hemorrhage
Pulmonary hemorrhage # Overview Pulmonary hemorrhage (or "pulmonary haemorrhage") refers to bleeding from the lung. # Historical Perspective # Classification # Pathophysiology # Causes ## Drug Induced - Rasburicase # Differentiating Pulmonary hemorrhage from Other Diseases # Epidemiology and Demographics # Ris...
Pulmonary hemorrhage Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: # Overview Pulmonary hemorrhage (or "pulmonary haemorrhage") refers to bleeding from the lung. # Historical Perspective # Classification # Pathophysiology # Causes ## Drug Induce...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bleeding_in_the_lung
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Blepharitis
Blepharitis overview # Overview Blepharitis is characterized by inflammation of the eyelid margins. Blepharitis may be classified according to the anatomic location of the disease into 2 subtypes: anterior and posterior. Additionally, blepharitis may be classified based on the duration of symptoms into either acute or...
Blepharitis overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2] # Overview Blepharitis is characterized by inflammation of the eyelid margins. Blepharitis may be classified according to the anatomic location of the disease into 2 subtypes: anterior and ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blepharitis_overview
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Complete blood count
Complete blood count # Overview A complete blood count (CBC), also known as full blood count (FBC) or full blood exam (FBE) or blood panel, is a test requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood. A lab technician (US: "medical technologist") performs t...
Complete blood count Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A complete blood count (CBC), also known as full blood count (FBC) or full blood exam (FBE) or blood panel, is a test requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood. A la...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blood_cell_count
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Blunt splenic trauma
Blunt splenic trauma # Overview Since the 1990s, the management of blunt splenic trauma injuries has changed significantly. In the past, routine splenectomy was the mainstay for both evaluation and treatment of most splenic injuries. With new research and new technology, the routine splenectomy is no longer policy. Fo...
Blunt splenic trauma # Overview Since the 1990s, the management of blunt splenic trauma injuries has changed significantly. In the past, routine splenectomy was the mainstay for both evaluation and treatment of most splenic injuries. With new research and new technology, the routine splenectomy is no longer policy. Fo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blunt_splenic_trauma
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Board review project
Board review project For the Cardiology Board Review Project, click here. # Overview The goal of the Board Review Questions Project is to create a universally accessible free repository of Board Review Questions which are targeted at multiple educational levels. All questions must be original and cannot violate WikiDo...
Board review project For the Cardiology Board Review Project, click here. # Overview The goal of the Board Review Questions Project is to create a universally accessible free repository of Board Review Questions which are targeted at multiple educational levels. All questions must be original and cannot violate WikiD...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Board_review_project
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wikidoc
Cubic crystal system
Cubic crystal system # Overview The cubic crystal system (or isometric) is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in metallic crystals. # Bravais lattices and point/space groups The simple cubic system consists of one lattice point on e...
Cubic crystal system # Overview The cubic crystal system (or isometric) is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in metallic crystals. # Bravais lattices and point/space groups The simple cubic system consists of one lattice point on e...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Body-centered_cubic
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Body plethysmography
Body plethysmography Body plethysmography is a method of obtaining the absolute volume of air within one's lungs. It is used in situations where several repeated trials are required or where the patient is unable to perform the multibreath tests. The patient is enclosed in an airtight chamber often referred to as a bod...
Body plethysmography Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Body plethysmography is a method of obtaining the absolute volume of air within one's lungs. It is used in situations where several repeated trials are required or where the patient is unable to perform the multibreath tests. The patient is enclos...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Body_plethysmography
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Bone decalcification
Bone decalcification Bone decalcification is the removal of calcium ions from the bone through histological process thereby making the bone flexible and easy for pathological investigation. This is necessary in order to obtain soft sections of the bone using the microtome. Every thin section cut can be processed like a...
Bone decalcification Bone decalcification is the removal of calcium ions from the bone through histological process thereby making the bone flexible and easy for pathological investigation. This is necessary in order to obtain soft sections of the bone using the microtome. Every thin section cut can be processed like ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bone_decalcification
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Bordetella pertussis
Bordetella pertussis # Overview Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming coccobacillus. It is the pathogen responsible for pertussis (whooping cough). Unlike B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis is not motile. Humans are the only known reservoir for B. pertussis. The lipopolysaccharid...
Bordetella pertussis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]; Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D. # Overview Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming coccobacillus. It is the pathogen responsible for...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bordetella_pertussis
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Borrelia recurrentis
Borrelia recurrentis # Overview Borrelia recurrentis is a species of Borrelia, a spirochaete bacterium associated with relapsing fever. B. recurrentis is usually transmitted from person to person by the human body louse. Since the 1800s, the body louse has been known as its only known vector. B. recurrentis DNA was fo...
Borrelia recurrentis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Borrelia recurrentis is a species of Borrelia, a spirochaete bacterium associated with relapsing fever.[1][2] B. recurrentis is usually transmitted from person to person by the human body louse.[3] Since the 1800s, the body louse has b...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Borrelia_recurrentis
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Polarization density
Polarization density Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of th...
Polarization density Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bound_charge
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Brachiocephalic vein
Brachiocephalic vein # Overview The left and right brachiocephalic veins (or innominate veins) in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning bl...
Brachiocephalic vein Template:Infobox Vein Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The left and right brachiocephalic veins (or innominate veins) in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. These great vessels merge to form the supe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brachiocephalic_vein
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia overview # Overview Bradycardia is generally characterized as a heart rhythm of less than 60 beats per minute. It can be a significant problem if the heart doesn't pumps enough oxygen-rich blood into the bloodstream. When symptomatic, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, nausea and fainting will result. Numerous ...
Bradycardia overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ibtisam Ashraf, M.B.B.S.[2] # Overview Bradycardia is generally characterized as a heart rhythm of less than 60 beats per minute. It can be a significant problem if the heart doesn't pumps enough oxygen-rich blood ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bradycardia_overview
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Brain tumor
Brain tumor overview # Overview Primary brain tumors include any tumor that starts in the brain. Primary brain tumors can start from brain cells, meninges, nerves, or glands. Brain tumors can be classified into two main categories: primary and secondary tumors. Primary tumors originate in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes ...
Brain tumor overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2] # Overview Primary brain tumors include any tumor that starts in the brain. Primary brain tumors can start from brain cells, meninges, nerves, or glands. Brain tumors can be classified into two...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brain_tumor_overview
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Branchial cleft cyst
Branchial cleft cyst # Overview A branchial cleft cyst is an oval, moderately movable cystic mass that develops under the skin in the neck between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the pharynx. It is a remnant of embryonic development and results from a failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft. Most bran...
Branchial cleft cyst Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A branchial cleft cyst is an oval, moderately movable cystic mass that develops under the skin in the neck between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the pharynx. It is a remnant of embryonic development and results from a failure of o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Branchial_cleft_cyst
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Breast Cancer Action
Breast Cancer Action # Overview Breast Cancer Action is a national grassroots education and advocacy organization dedicated to supporting breast cancer survivors and encouraging the support of breast cancer research and awareness. Based in San Francisco, BCA is perhaps best known for its Think Before You Pink project...
Breast Cancer Action # Overview Breast Cancer Action is a national grassroots education and advocacy organization dedicated to supporting breast cancer survivors and encouraging the support of breast cancer research and awareness. Based in San Francisco, BCA is perhaps best known for its Think Before You Pink project...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Breast_Cancer_Action
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Coronary collaterals
Coronary collaterals # Overview Coronary collateral circulation confers a protective blood supply to the myocardium jeopardized by ischemia. During embryological development, an extensive overlay of inter coronary anastomoses derives from endothelial precursor cells which, in response to local signals, migrate and di...
Coronary collaterals Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vanessa Cherniauskas, M.D. [2] # Overview Coronary collateral circulation confers a protective blood supply to the myocardium jeopardized by ischemia. During embryological development, an extensive overlay of inte...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bridging_collateral
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Bristol-Myers Squibb
Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb (Template:Nyse), colloquially referred to as BMS, is a pharmaceutical corporation, formed by a 1989 merger between pharmaceutical companies Bristol-Myers Company, founded in 1887 by William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers in Clinton, NY (both were graduates of Hamilton Co...
Bristol-Myers Squibb Template:Infobox Company Bristol-Myers Squibb (Template:Nyse), colloquially referred to as BMS, is a pharmaceutical corporation, formed by a 1989 merger between pharmaceutical companies Bristol-Myers Company, founded in 1887 by William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers in Clinton, NY (both wer...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bristol-Myers
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British thermal unit
British thermal unit The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) =] is a unit of energy used in the power, steam generation, and heating and air conditioning industries. Although it is still used 'unofficially' in metric English-speaking countries (such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and sometimes in New Zealand), it is inc...
British thermal unit The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) =] is a unit of energy used in the power, steam generation, and heating and air conditioning industries. Although it is still used 'unofficially' in metric English-speaking countries (such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and sometimes in New Zealand), it is in...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/British_thermal_unit
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Bromine monochloride
Bromine monochloride Bromine monochloride, also called bromine(I) chloride, bromochloride, and bromine chloride, is an interhalogen inorganic compound with chemical formula BrCl. It is an unstable red-brown gas with boiling point 5°C and melting point -66 °C. Its CAS number is 13863-41-7 and its EINECS number is 237-60...
Bromine monochloride Template:Cleanup Template:Chembox new Bromine monochloride, also called bromine(I) chloride, bromochloride, and bromine chloride, is an interhalogen inorganic compound with chemical formula BrCl. It is an unstable red-brown gas with boiling point 5°C and melting point -66 °C. Its CAS number is 138...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bromine_monochloride
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wikidoc
Bromodifluoromethane
Bromodifluoromethane Bromodifluoromethane or Halon 1201 or FC-22B1 is a gaseous trihalomethane or a hydrobromofluorocarbon. It can be prepared be reaction of hydrogen and dibromodifluoromethane at temperature in range 400 - 600 °C. Critical point data: Tc = 138.83 °C (411.98 K); pc = 5.2 MPa (51.32 bar); Vc = 0.275 dm3...
Bromodifluoromethane Template:Chembox new Bromodifluoromethane or Halon 1201 or FC-22B1 is a gaseous trihalomethane or a hydrobromofluorocarbon. It can be prepared be reaction of hydrogen and dibromodifluoromethane at temperature in range 400 - 600 °C.[1] Critical point data: Tc = 138.83 °C (411.98 K); pc = 5.2 MPa (5...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bromodifluoromethane
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Brown-headed Cowbird
Brown-headed Cowbird The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is a small icterid. # Appearance Adults have a short finch-like bill and dark eyes. The adult male is mainly iridescent black with a brown head. The adult female is grey with a pale throat and fine streaking on the underparts. # Breeding and Behavior Bree...
Brown-headed Cowbird The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is a small icterid. # Appearance Adults have a short finch-like bill and dark eyes. The adult male is mainly iridescent black with a brown head. The adult female is grey with a pale throat and fine streaking on the underparts. # Breeding and Behavior Bre...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brown-headed_Cowbird
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wikidoc
Brucellosis
Brucellosis overview # Overview Brucellosis is an ancient zoonotic disease. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. It is usually acquired by consuming unpasteurized dairy or undercooked meat products. Patients with brucellosis usually present with undulant fever, night sweats and joint pain. Brucellosis can b...
Brucellosis overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[1] # Overview Brucellosis is an ancient zoonotic disease. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. It is usually acquired by consuming u...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brucellosis_overview
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Budd–Chiari syndrome
Budd–Chiari syndrome # Overview Budd–Chiari syndrome is a condition caused by Vascular occlusion|occlusion of the hepatic veins that drain the liver. It presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites, and liver enlargement. The formation of a blood clot within the hepatic veins can lead to Budd–Chiari sy...
Budd–Chiari syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Budd–Chiari syndrome is a condition caused by Vascular occlusion|occlusion of the hepatic veins that drain the liver. It presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites, and liver enlargement. The formation of a blood clot...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Budd%E2%80%93Chiari_syndrome
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Budesonide (capsule)
Budesonide (capsule) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on ...
Budesonide (capsule) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intend...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Budesonide_(capsule)
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Buoyancy compensator
Buoyancy compensator A buoyancy compensator (or buoyancy control device, BC or BCD) is a piece of diving equipment worn by divers to provide: - life saving emergency buoyancy both underwater and on the surface. - the ability to adjust and control the overall buoyancy of the diver and the diver's heavy equipment allowin...
Buoyancy compensator A buoyancy compensator (or buoyancy control device, BC or BCD) is a piece of diving equipment worn by divers to provide: - life saving emergency buoyancy both underwater and on the surface. - the ability to adjust and control the overall buoyancy of the diver and the diver's heavy equipment allowi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Buoyancy_compensator
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wikidoc
Subacromial bursitis
Subacromial bursitis # Overview Subacromial bursitis is inflammation of the subacromial bursa, which lies between the acromion and the head of the humerus leading to extreme pain. # Differentiating Subacromial bursitis from other Diseases The cause of the condition is often unclear. It can in some cases be blamed eit...
Subacromial bursitis Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Subacromial bursitis is inflammation of the subacromial bursa, which lies between the acromion and the head of the humerus leading to extreme pain. # Differentiating Subacromial bursitis from other Diseases The...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bursitis_of_shoulder
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Busulfan (injection)
Busulfan (injection) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on ...
Busulfan (injection) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gloria Picoy [2]; Sree Teja Yelamanchili, MBBS [3] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Busulfan_(injection)
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Buttock augmentation
Buttock augmentation # Overview There are two types of buttock augmentation: - The lifting of the buttocks. - The surgical enlargement of the buttocks through the insertion of a synthetic implant or through the use of substances like silicone. # Brazilian Butt Lift or Butt injections The most famous type of shape-mod...
Buttock augmentation Editors-In-Chief: Martin I. Newman, M.D., FACS, Cleveland Clinic Florida, [1]; Michel C. Samson, M.D., FRCSC, FACS [2] # Overview There are two types of buttock augmentation: - The lifting of the buttocks. - The surgical enlargement of the buttocks through the insertion of a synthetic implant or...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Buttock_Augmentation
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C. Alan B. Clemetson
C. Alan B. Clemetson Charles Alan Blake "Alan" Clemetson MD, F.R.C.O.G., F.R.C.S.(C), F.A.C.O.G. (October 31 1923 – August 30 2006) was a medical doctor, scientist and researcher who published over 48 medical papers and a three-volume monograph, Vitamin C. During his hospital and teaching career he specialised in obste...
C. Alan B. Clemetson Template:Wikify Template:Inappropriate tone Template:Infobox Person Charles Alan Blake "Alan" Clemetson MD, F.R.C.O.G., F.R.C.S.(C), F.A.C.O.G. (October 31 1923 – August 30 2006) was a medical doctor, scientist and researcher who published over 48 medical papers and a three-volume monograph, Vita...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/C._Alan_B._Clemetson
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Carbonic anhydrase 9
Carbonic anhydrase 9 Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9/CAIX) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA9 gene. # Function Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respira...
Carbonic anhydrase 9 Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9/CAIX) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA9 gene.[1][2][3] # Function Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, includi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CA_9
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Cannabinoid receptor
Cannabinoid receptor Cannabinoid receptors, located throughout the body, are part of the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory. Cannabinoid receptors are of a class of cell membrane receptors in the G protein-coupled recept...
Cannabinoid receptor Cannabinoid receptors, located throughout the body, are part of the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory.[1] Cannabinoid receptors are of a class of cell membrane receptors in the G protein-coupled re...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CB1_receptor
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Central core disease
Central core disease Synonyms and keywords: Central core myopathy # Overview Central core disease (CCD) is an autosomal dominant congenital myopathy (inborn muscle disorder). It was first described by Shy and Magee in 1956. # Signs and symptoms The symptoms of central core disease are variable, but usually involve hy...
Central core disease Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Central core myopathy # Overview Central core disease (CCD) is an autosomal dominant congenital myopathy (inborn muscle disorder). It was first described by Shy and Magee in 1956.[1][2] # Signs and symptoms The symptoms of...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CCD
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wikidoc
The CHI SQUARE Trial
The CHI SQUARE Trial # Official Title CHI SQUARE: Can HDL Infusions Significantly Quicken Atherosclerosis Regression? A phase II, multi-center, double-blind, ascending dose, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial of CER-001 or placebo in subjects with acute coronary syndrome. # Objective To determine the safety and e...
The CHI SQUARE Trial Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]; Yazan Daaboul, M.D. # Official Title CHI SQUARE: Can HDL Infusions Significantly Quicken Atherosclerosis Regression? A phase II, multi-center, double-blind, ascending dose, placebo-controlled,...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CHI-SQUARE
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wikidoc
Zunich-Kaye syndrome
Zunich-Kaye syndrome # Overview Zunich-Kaye syndrome, also known as Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome, is a rare congenital ichthyosis first described in 1983. It is also referred to as CHIME syndrome, after its main symptoms (colobomas, heart defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, mental retardation, and either ear defects...
Zunich-Kaye syndrome # Overview Zunich-Kaye syndrome, also known as Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome, is a rare congenital ichthyosis first described in 1983.[1] It is also referred to as CHIME syndrome, after its main symptoms (colobomas, heart defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, mental retardation, and either ear defe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CHIME_syndrome
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Creatinine clearance
Creatinine clearance # Overview In general, creatinine clearance is the removal of creatinine from the body. In renal physiology, creatinine clearance (CCr) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time. Clinically, creatinine clearance is a useful measure for estimating the glomerular filt...
Creatinine clearance Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In general, creatinine clearance is the removal of creatinine from the body. In renal physiology, creatinine clearance (CCr) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time. Clinically, creatinine clearance is...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CLCr
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wikidoc
Pelvic myoneuropathy
Pelvic myoneuropathy Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. # Overview Pelvic myoneuropathy is a new term given to the most common form of non-bacterial pelvic pain experienced by men. It is sometimes referred to as nonbacterial chronic Prostatitis or male Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS or CPPS). The mechanisms of pel...
Pelvic myoneuropathy Template:Search infobox Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. # Overview Pelvic myoneuropathy is a new term given to the most common form of non-bacterial pelvic pain experienced by men. It is sometimes referred to as nonbacterial chronic Prostatitis or male Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS or CPP...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CP/CPPS
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CREB-binding protein
CREB-binding protein CREB-binding protein, also known as CREBBP or CBP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREBBP gene. The CREB protein carries out its function by activating transcription, where interaction with transcription factors is managed by one or more CREB domains: the nuclear receptor interaction ...
CREB-binding protein CREB-binding protein, also known as CREBBP or CBP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREBBP gene.[1][2] The CREB protein carries out its function by activating transcription, where interaction with transcription factors is managed by one or more CREB domains: the nuclear receptor inter...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CREB-binding_protein
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Calcitriol (topical)
Calcitriol (topical) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on ...
Calcitriol (topical) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intend...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Calcitriol_(topical)
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Calcium hypochlorite
Calcium hypochlorite Calcium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with formula Template:Calcium(Template:Hypochlorite)2. It is widely used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent (bleaching powder). This chemical is considered to be relatively stable and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite (li...
Calcium hypochlorite Calcium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with formula Template:Calcium(Template:Hypochlorite)2. It is widely used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent (bleaching powder). This chemical is considered to be relatively stable and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite (l...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Calcium_hypochlorite
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wikidoc
Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni # Overview Campylobacter jejuni is a species of curved,long rod-shaped, Gram-negative microaerophilic, bacteria commonly found in animal feces. It is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. Food poisoning caused by Campylobacter species can be severely debilitating but...
Campylobacter jejuni Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Campylobacter jejuni is a species of curved,long rod-shaped, Gram-negative microaerophilic, bacteria commonly found in animal feces.[1] It is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. Food poisoning caused by...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Campylobacter_jejuni
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Capillary hemangioma
Capillary hemangioma # Overview A capillary hemangioma (also known as an "Infantile hemangioma," and "Strawberry hemangioma":593) appears as a raised, red, lumpy area of flesh anywhere on the body, though 83% occur on the head or neck area. The mark usually appears between one and four weeks after birth. It may grow r...
Capillary hemangioma Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] # Overview A capillary hemangioma (also known as an "Infantile hemangioma," and "Strawberry hemangioma"[1]:593) appears as a raised, red, lumpy area of flesh anywhere on the body, though 83...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Capillary_hemangioma
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Capsular contracture
Capsular contracture # Overview Capsular contracture is an abnormal response of the immune system to foreign biomaterials and alloplastic materials. It is most discussed in the context of complications from breast implants and artificial joint prosthetics. Capsules of tightly-woven collagen fibers normally form as an ...
Capsular contracture Editors-In-Chief: Martin I. Newman, M.D., FACS, Cleveland Clinic Florida, [1]; Michel C. Samson, M.D., FRCSC, FACS [2] # Overview Capsular contracture is an abnormal response of the immune system to foreign biomaterials and alloplastic materials. It is most discussed in the context of complicati...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Capsular_contracture
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Carbon-nitrogen bond
Carbon-nitrogen bond A carbon-nitrogen bond is a covalent bond between carbon and nitrogen and one of the most abundant in organic chemistry and biochemistry . Nitrogen has five valence electrons and in simple amines it is trivalent with two remaining electrons forming a lone pair. Through it, nitrogen can form an addi...
Carbon-nitrogen bond A carbon-nitrogen bond is a covalent bond between carbon and nitrogen and one of the most abundant in organic chemistry and biochemistry [1]. Nitrogen has five valence electrons and in simple amines it is trivalent with two remaining electrons forming a lone pair. Through it, nitrogen can form an ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbon-nitrogen_bond
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Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride # Overview Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (see Table) is the chemical compound with the formula CCl4. It is a reagent in synthetic chemistry and was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers and as a precursor to refrigerants. It is a colorless liquid with a "sweet" smell t...
Carbon tetrachloride Template:Chembox new # Overview Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (see Table) is the chemical compound with the formula CCl4. It is a reagent in synthetic chemistry and was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers and as a precursor to refrigerants. It is a colorless liquid ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbon_Tetrachloride
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Carbon dioxide laser
Carbon dioxide laser # Overview The carbon dioxide laser (CO2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed (invented by Kumar Patel of Bell Labs in 1964), and is still one of the most useful. Carbon dioxide lasers are the highest-power continuous wave lasers that are currently available. They are also qu...
Carbon dioxide laser # Overview The carbon dioxide laser (CO2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed (invented by Kumar Patel of Bell Labs in 1964[1]), and is still one of the most useful. Carbon dioxide lasers are the highest-power continuous wave lasers that are currently available. They are also...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbon_dioxide_laser
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Carbonic anhydrase 4
Carbonic anhydrase 4 Carbonic anhydrase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA4 gene. # Function Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calci...
Carbonic anhydrase 4 Carbonic anhydrase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA4 gene.[1][2] # Function Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbonic_anhydrase_4
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Cardiorenal syndrome
Cardiorenal syndrome # Overview Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) comprises a group of disease states that involve simultaneous kidney and heart failure. Because the kidney and the heart lead a “symbiotic” bi-directional relationship; the vitality of one organ ultimately and inevitably depends on the vitality of the other. I...
Cardiorenal syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate-Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul; Rim Halaby; Dina Elantably, MD, MSc[2] # Overview Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) comprises a group of disease states that involve simultaneous kidney and heart failure. Because the kidney and the heart le...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiorenal_syndrome
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Template:IPAEng, Template:Audio, Template:Lang-de, Template:Lang-la) (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, ...
Carl Friedrich Gauss Template:Infobox Scientist Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Template:IPAEng, Template:Audio, Template:Lang-de, Template:Lang-la) (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, diff...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss
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Carmustine (implant)
Carmustine (implant) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on ...
Carmustine (implant) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is inte...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carmustine_(implant)
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Carolina horsenettle
Carolina horsenettle Carolina horsenettle (Solanum carolinense), also known as Bull nettle, Carolina horse nettle, Horse nettle, Apple of Sodom, Radical Weed, Sand Brier and, Tread-softly, is not a true nettle, but a member of the Solanaceae, or nightshade family. It is known for producing painful spines along the ste...
Carolina horsenettle Carolina horsenettle (Solanum carolinense), also known as Bull nettle, Carolina horse nettle, Horse nettle, Apple of Sodom, Radical Weed, Sand Brier and, Tread-softly, is not a true nettle, but a member of the Solanaceae, or nightshade family. It is known for producing painful spines along the st...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carolina_horsenettle
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Carrier's constraint
Carrier's constraint Carrier's constraint is the observation that air-breathing vertebrates which have two lungs and flex their bodies sideways during locomotion find it very difficult to move and breathe at the same time, because: - the sideways flexing expands one lung and compresses the other. - this shunts stale ai...
Carrier's constraint Carrier's constraint is the observation that air-breathing vertebrates which have two lungs and flex their bodies sideways during locomotion find it very difficult to move and breathe at the same time, because: - the sideways flexing expands one lung and compresses the other. - this shunts stale a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carrier%27s_constraint
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Case-based reasoning
Case-based reasoning Case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. An auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning. A lawyer who advocates a particular ou...
Case-based reasoning Case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. An auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning. A lawyer who advocates a particular o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Case-based_reasoning
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Level of measurement
Level of measurement The level of measurement of a variable in mathematics and statistics is a classification that is used to describe the nature of information contained within numbers assigned to objects and, therefore, within the variable. The levels were proposed by Stanley Smith Stevens in his 1946 article On the ...
Level of measurement Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The level of measurement of a variable in mathematics and statistics is a classification that is used to describe the nature of information contained within numbers assigned to objects and, therefore, within the variable. The levels were proposed ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Categorical_variable
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Cefaclor description
Cefaclor description # Description Cefaclor, USP is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is chemically designated as 3-chloro-7-D-(2-phenylglycinamido) -3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid monohydrate. The chemical formula for cefaclor is C15H14ClN3O4S·H2O and the molecular weight is 385.82. Eac...
Cefaclor description Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sheng Shi, M.D. [2] # Description Cefaclor, USP is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is chemically designated as 3-chloro-7-D-(2-phenylglycinamido) -3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid mon...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cefaclor_description
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Cefdinir precautions
Cefdinir precautions # Precautions ## General Prescribing cefdinir capsules in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug resistant bacteria. As with other broad-spectrum...
Cefdinir precautions Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sheng Shi, M.D. [2] # Precautions ## General Prescribing cefdinir capsules in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the pa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cefdinir_precautions
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Cefepime description
Cefepime description # Description MAXIPIME (cefepime hydrochloride, USP) is a semi-synthetic, broad spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic for parenteral administration. The chemical name is 1--2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride,72-(Z)-(O-methyloxime), monohydrochlori...
Cefepime description Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abdurahman Khalil, M.D. [2] # Description MAXIPIME (cefepime hydrochloride, USP) is a semi-synthetic, broad spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic for parenteral administration. The chemical name is 1-[[(6R,7R)­ 7-[2-(...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cefepime_description
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Cefepime precautions
Cefepime precautions # General Prescribing MAXIPIME in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria. As with other antimicrobials, prolonged use of MAXIPI...
Cefepime precautions Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abdurahman Khalil, M.D. [2] ## General Prescribing MAXIPIME in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cefepime_precautions
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Cefixime description
Cefixime description # Description Cefixime is a semisynthetic, cephalosporin antibacterial for oral administration. Chemically, it is (6R,7R)-7--8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 72-(Z)- trihydrate. Molecular weight = 507.50 as the trihydrate. Chemical Formula is C16H15N5O7S2.3H2O The st...
Cefixime description Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Zaghw, M.D. [2] # Description Cefixime is a semisynthetic, cephalosporin antibacterial for oral administration. Chemically, it is (6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)glyoxylamido]-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-thia-1-azabicy...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cefixime_description
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Cefpirome properties
Cefpirome properties # Properties Cefrom is a cephalosporln antibiotic for parenteral use. As a beta-lactam antibiotic, it acts by preventing cell wall synthests in bacteria. Cefrom is effective against numerous significant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including both aerobes and anaerobes. It Is stable ag...
Cefpirome properties Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Properties Cefrom is a cephalosporln antibiotic for parenteral use. As a beta-lactam antibiotic, it acts by preventing cell wall synthests in bacteria. Cefrom is effective against numerous significant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cefpirome_properties
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Cefpodoxime warnings
Cefpodoxime warnings BEFORE THERAPY WITH CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL IS INSTITUTED, CAREFUL INQUIRY SHOULD BE MADE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE PATIENT HAS HAD PREVIOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO CEFPODOXIME, OTHER CEPHALOSPORINS, PENICILLINS, OR OTHER DRUGS. IF CEFPODOXIME IS TO BE ADMINISTERED TO PENICILLIN SENSITIVE PATIENT...
Cefpodoxime warnings Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abdurahman Khalil, M.D. [2] BEFORE THERAPY WITH CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL IS INSTITUTED, CAREFUL INQUIRY SHOULD BE MADE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE PATIENT HAS HAD PREVIOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO CEFPODOXIME, OTHER CEP...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cefpodoxime_warnings
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Ceftazidime warnings
Ceftazidime warnings BEFORE THERAPY WITH FORTAZ IS INSTITUTED, CAREFUL INQUIRY SHOULD BE MADE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE PATIENT HAS HAD PREVIOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO CEFTAZIDIME, CEPHALOSPORINS, PENICILLINS, OR OTHER DRUGS. IF THIS PRODUCT IS TO BE GIVEN TO PENICILLIN-SENSITIVE PATIENTS, CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERC...
Ceftazidime warnings Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abdurahman Khalil, M.D. [2] BEFORE THERAPY WITH FORTAZ IS INSTITUTED, CAREFUL INQUIRY SHOULD BE MADE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE PATIENT HAS HAD PREVIOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO CEFTAZIDIME, CEPHALOSPORINS, PENICIL...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ceftazidime_warnings
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Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis overview Synonyms and keywords: Sore throat; Group A streptococcal pharyngitis; Bacterial pharyngitis; Viral pharyngitis; Acute pharyngitis; Chronic pharyngitis # Overview A triad of sore throat, fever, and pharyngeal inflammation marked by erythema and edema are usually described as acute pharyngitis, alt...
Pharyngitis overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]Delband Yekta Moazami, M.D.[3] Synonyms and keywords: Sore throat; Group A streptococcal pharyngitis; Bacterial pharyngitis; Viral pharyngitis; Acute pharyngitis; Chron...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Centor_criteria
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Cicatricial alopecia
Cicatricial alopecia # Overview Cicatricial alopecia presents clinically with the effacement/scarring of follicular orifices, always in a patchy or focal distribution. # Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Cicatricial Alopecia Causes of noncicatricial alopecia include:648: - Acne necrotica - Alopecia mucinosa - Atric...
Cicatricial alopecia # Overview Cicatricial alopecia presents clinically with the effacement/scarring of follicular orifices, always in a patchy or focal distribution.[1] # Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Cicatricial Alopecia Causes of noncicatricial alopecia include[1]:648[2]: - Acne necrotica - Alopecia mucinos...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Central_centrifugal_cicatricial_alopecia
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Central facial palsy
Central facial palsy # Overview Central facial palsy, (also called colloquially central seven) is a symptom or finding characterized by paralysis or paresis of the lower half of one side of the face. It usually results from damage to upper motor neurons of the facial nerve. # Pathophysiology The facial motor nucleus ...
Central facial palsy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Central facial palsy, (also called colloquially central seven) is a symptom or finding characterized by paralysis or paresis of the lower half of one side of the face. It usually results from damage to upper motor neurons of the facial...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Central_facial_palsy
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wikidoc
Centromere protein B
Centromere protein B Centromere protein B also known as major centromere autoantigen B is an autoantigen protein of the cell nucleus. In humans, centromere protein B is encoded by the CENPB gene. # Function Centromere protein B is a highly conserved protein that facilitates centromere formation. It is a DNA-binding pr...
Centromere protein B Centromere protein B also known as major centromere autoantigen B is an autoantigen protein of the cell nucleus. In humans, centromere protein B is encoded by the CENPB gene.[1][2][3] # Function Centromere protein B is a highly conserved protein that facilitates centromere formation. It is a DNA-...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Centromere_protein_B
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wikidoc
Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography # Overview Cerebral angiography or arteriography is a form of medical imaging that visualizes the arterial and venous supply of the brain. It was pioneered by Dr Egas Moniz in 1927, and is now the gold standard for detecting vascular problems of the brain. # Method Any form of angiography involve...
Cerebral angiography Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] # Overview Cerebral angiography or arteriography is a form of medical imaging that visualizes the arterial and venous supply of the brain. It was pioneered by Dr Egas Moniz in 1927, and is...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cerebral_angiography