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Metabolic waste
Metabolic waste # Overview Metabolic wastes or excretes are substances left over from metabolic processes, which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or have lethal effect), and must therefore be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds, water, CO2, phosphates, sulphates, indoles, medicals, food additive...
Metabolic waste # Overview Metabolic wastes or excretes are substances left over from metabolic processes, which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or have lethal effect), and must therefore be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds, water, CO2, phosphates, sulphates, indoles, medicals, food additive...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Metabolic_waste
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Metallothionein
Metallothionein Metallothioneins (MTs) is a family of Cys-rich, low molecular weight (MW ranging from 3500 to 14000 Da) proteins. MTs have the capacity to bind both physiological (Zn, Cu, Se,...) and xenobiotic (Cd, Hg, Ag,...) heavy metals through the thiol group of its cysteine residues, which represents nearly the 3...
Metallothionein Metallothioneins (MTs) is a family of Cys-rich, low molecular weight (MW ranging from 3500 to 14000 Da) proteins. MTs have the capacity to bind both physiological (Zn, Cu, Se,...) and xenobiotic (Cd, Hg, Ag,...) heavy metals through the thiol group of its cysteine residues, which represents nearly the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Metallothionein
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Osteochondritis
Osteochondritis # Overview Osteochondritis dissecans (sometimes spelled dessecans, and abbreviated "OCD") is a painful condition within a joint of the body in humans or animals, in which fragments of cartilage or bone have become loose within a joint, leading to pain and inflammation. These fragments are sometimes ref...
Osteochondritis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S. # Overview Osteochondritis dissecans (sometimes spelled dessecans, and abbreviated "OCD") is a painful condition within a joint of the body in humans or animals, in which fragments of cartilage...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Metatarsal_head_osteochondritis
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Methylcellulose
Methylcellulose # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiD...
Methylcellulose Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rabin Bista, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intende...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Methylcellulose
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Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric...
Michael Faraday Template:Infobox Scientist Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. Faraday studied the magnetic field around a cond...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Michael_Faraday
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Michael Langone
Michael Langone Michael D. Langone, Ph.D., is an American counseling psychologist who specialises in research about cultic groups and psychological manipulation. He is executive director of the International Cultic Studies Association, editor of the journal Cultic Studies Review. Michael Langone is author and co-author...
Michael Langone Template:Infobox Scientist Michael D. Langone, Ph.D., is an American counseling psychologist who specialises in research about cultic groups and psychological manipulation. He is executive director of the International Cultic Studies Association, editor of the journal Cultic Studies Review. Michael Lan...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Michael_Langone
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Michel C Samson
Michel C Samson Michel C. Samson, MD, FRCSC, FACS, Active Staff Plastic Surgeon, Cleveland Clinic Florida Program Director, Cleveland Clinic/Memorial Regional Plastic Surgery Residency Program Contact: samsonm1@ccf.org, Phone 954-659-5000 Dr. Samson is a Staff Surgeon in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Sur...
Michel C Samson Michel C. Samson, MD, FRCSC, FACS, Active Staff Plastic Surgeon, Cleveland Clinic Florida Program Director, Cleveland Clinic/Memorial Regional Plastic Surgery Residency Program Contact: samsonm1@ccf.org, Phone 954-659-5000 Dr. Samson is a Staff Surgeon in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Su...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Michel_C_Samson
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Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel Microsoft Excel (full name Microsoft Office Excel) is a spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables and, except for Excel 2008 for Mac OS X, a macro programming language called VBA (Visual Basic f...
Microsoft Excel Template:Infobox Software Template:Infobox Software Microsoft Excel (full name Microsoft Office Excel) is a spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables and, except for Excel 2008 for Mac OS X, a ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Microsoft_Excel
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Microtechnology
Microtechnology Microtechnology is technology with features near one micrometre (one millionth of a metre, or 10-6 metre, or 1μm). In the 1960s, scientists learned that by arraying large numbers of microscopic transistors on a single chip, microelectronic circuits could be built that dramatically improved performance, ...
Microtechnology Microtechnology is technology with features near one micrometre (one millionth of a metre, or 10-6 metre, or 1μm). In the 1960s, scientists learned that by arraying large numbers of microscopic transistors on a single chip, microelectronic circuits could be built that dramatically improved performance,...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Microtechnology
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Mid-life crisis
Mid-life crisis Midlife crisis is a term used to describe a period of dramatic self-doubt that is typically felt in the "middle years" of life, as people sense the passing of youth and the imminence of old age. Sometimes, transitions experienced in these years, such as aging in general, menopause, the death of parents...
Mid-life crisis Midlife crisis is a term used to describe a period of dramatic self-doubt that is typically felt in the "middle years" of life, as people sense the passing of youth and the imminence of old age. Sometimes, transitions experienced in these years, such as aging in general, menopause, the death of parent...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mid-life_crisis
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Midbrain tectum
Midbrain tectum # Overview The tectum (Latin: roof) is a region of the brain, specifically the dorsal part of the mesencephalon (midbrain). It is derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. In adult humans it is present only in the mesencephalon as the inferior and the superior colliculi....
Midbrain tectum Template:Infobox Brain # Overview The tectum (Latin: roof) is a region of the brain, specifically the dorsal part of the mesencephalon (midbrain). It is derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. In adult humans it is present only in the mesencephalon as the inferior and...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Midbrain_tectum
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Mineral spirits
Mineral spirits Mineral Spirits also called Stoddard solvent , is a petroleum distilate commonly used as a paint thinner and mild solvent. In Europe, it is referred to as white spirit. In industry, mineral spirits is used for cleaning and degreasing machine tools and parts. According to Wesco, a supplier of solvents a...
Mineral spirits Mineral Spirits also called Stoddard solvent [CAS 8052-41-3][1], is a petroleum distilate commonly used as a paint thinner and mild solvent. In Europe, it is referred to as white spirit. In industry, mineral spirits is used for cleaning and degreasing machine tools and parts. According to Wesco, a sup...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mineral_spirits
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Minkowski Prize
Minkowski Prize The Minkowski Prize is given by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), in recognition to research which has been carried out by a person normally residing in Europe, as manifested by publications which contribute to the advancement of knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus. The Prize...
Minkowski Prize The Minkowski Prize is given by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), in recognition to research which has been carried out by a person normally residing in Europe, as manifested by publications which contribute to the advancement of knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus. The Priz...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Minkowski_Prize
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Miosis
Miosis overview # Overview Miosis is a medical term for constriction of the pupil. It is the opposite of mydriasis. It is seen in a variety of medical conditions, and can also be caused by certain drugs and chemicals. Eye drops used to intentionally cause miosis are known as "miotics". Extreme miosis is commonly call...
Miosis overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Miosis is a medical term for constriction of the pupil. It is the opposite of mydriasis. It is seen in a variety of medical conditions, and can also be caused by certain drugs and chemicals. Eye drops used to intentionally cause miosis are...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Miosis_overview
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Molecular sieve
Molecular sieve # Overview A molecular sieve is a material containing tiny pores of a precise and uniform size that is used as an adsorbent for gases and liquids. Molecules small enough to pass through the pores are adsorbed while larger molecules are not. It is different from a common filter in that it operates on a...
Molecular sieve # Overview A molecular sieve is a material containing tiny pores of a precise and uniform size that is used as an adsorbent for gases and liquids. Molecules small enough to pass through the pores are adsorbed while larger molecules are not. It is different from a common filter in that it operates on a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Molecular_Sieve
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Molecular cloud
Molecular cloud A molecular cloud is a type of interstellar cloud whose density and size permits the formation of molecules, most commonly molecular hydrogen (H2). Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H2 is CO (carbon ...
Molecular cloud Template:Seealso A molecular cloud is a type of interstellar cloud whose density and size permits the formation of molecules, most commonly molecular hydrogen (H2). Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Molecular_cloud
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Mood stabilizer
Mood stabilizer # Overview A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by rapid and unstable mood shifts. The most common is bipolar disorder, where mood stabilizers suppress swings between mania and depression, and these drugs are also used in borderline personality disord...
Mood stabilizer Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by rapid and unstable mood shifts. The most common is bipolar disorder, where mood stabilizers suppress swings between mania and depression, and these ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mood-stabilizing
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Moral treatment
Moral treatment # Background Moral Treatment, also known as Moral Therapy or Management, was an approach to mental disorder based on humane psychosocial care and moral discipline. It emerged in the late 18th century and came to the fore for much of the 19th century, deriving partly from psychiatry or psychology and pa...
Moral treatment Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Background Moral Treatment, also known as Moral Therapy or Management, was an approach to mental disorder based on humane psychosocial care and moral discipline. It emerged in the late 18th century and came to the fore for much of the 19th century, ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Moral_treatment
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Mouth breathing
Mouth breathing Mouth breathing refers to the state of inhaling and exhaling through the mouth. A healthy individual normally breathes through the nose while resting or doing light exercise, and breathes simultaneously through both the nose and mouth during vigorous aerobic exercise, in order to supply sufficient oxyge...
Mouth breathing Template:SignSymptom infobox Mouth breathing refers to the state of inhaling and exhaling through the mouth. A healthy individual normally breathes through the nose while resting or doing light exercise, and breathes simultaneously through both the nose and mouth during vigorous aerobic exercise, in or...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mouth_breathing
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Mucous membrane
Mucous membrane The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with s...
Mucous membrane Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the externa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mucosa
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Mucuna pruriens
Mucuna pruriens Mucuna pruriens (syn. Dolichos pruriens) is a tropical legume known by a multitude of common names, including velvet bean, cowitch, cowhage, kapikachu, nescafe, sea bean, kratzbohnen, konch, yerepe (Yoruba) and atmagupta. The plant is an annual, climbing shrub with long vines that can reach over 15 m. I...
Mucuna pruriens Mucuna pruriens (syn. Dolichos pruriens) is a tropical legume known by a multitude of common names, including velvet bean, cowitch, cowhage, kapikachu, nescafe, sea bean, kratzbohnen, konch, yerepe (Yoruba) and atmagupta. The plant is an annual, climbing shrub with long vines that can reach over 15 m. ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mucuna_pruriens
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Murmur patterns
Murmur patterns # Early Systolic Murmur - Begins with S1 and ends before or about the middle of systole. # Mid Systolic Murmur - Begins after S1 and ends before S2. # Late Systolic Murmur - Begins at about the middle of systole and ends at the time of S2. # Holosystolic (Pansystolic) Murmur - Begins with S1 and end...
Murmur patterns Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Click here to read more about heart murmurs # Early Systolic Murmur - Begins with S1 and ends before or about the middle of systole. # Mid Systolic Murmur - Begins after S1 and ends before S2. ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Murmur_patterns
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Muscle relaxant
Muscle relaxant A muscle relaxant is a drug which affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. They may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasm and pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics....
Muscle relaxant A muscle relaxant is a drug which affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. They may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasm and pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Muscle_relaxant
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Strain (injury)
Strain (injury) A strain is an injury to a muscle in which the muscle fibers tear as a result of overstretching. Strains are also colloquially known as pulled muscles. The equivalent injury to a ligament is a sprain. Typical symptoms of a strain include localized pain, stiffness, inflammation, and bruising around the s...
Strain (injury) Template:This A strain is an injury to a muscle in which the muscle fibers tear as a result of overstretching. Strains are also colloquially known as pulled muscles. The equivalent injury to a ligament is a sprain. Typical symptoms of a strain include localized pain, stiffness, inflammation, and bruisi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Muscle_strain
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Myopia
Myopia overview # Overview Myopia (from Greek: μυωπία myopia "near-sightedness"), also called near-or short-sightedness, is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front of the retina when accommodation is relaxed. Those with myopia see nearby objects clearly but distant object...
Myopia overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[3] # Overview Myopia (from Greek: μυωπία myopia "near-sightedness"[1]), also called near-or short-sightedness, is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in fr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Myopia_overview
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Myoporum laetum
Myoporum laetum # Overview The Ngaio or Mousehole tree (Myoporum laetum) is a tree in the family Scrophulariaceae native to New Zealand. # Description Ngaio is a fast growing evergreen shrub or small tree which appears dome shaped at first but as it gets older distorts as branches break off. It grows to a height of 1...
Myoporum laetum Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [4] # Overview The Ngaio or Mousehole tree (Myoporum laetum) is a tree in the family Scrophulariaceae native to New Zealand. # Description Ngaio is a fast growing evergreen shrub or small tree which appears dome shaped at first but as it gets older disto...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Myoporum_laetum
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Myxoma
Myxoma overview # Overview A myxoma (Myxo- = Latin for mucus) is the most common primary tumor of the heart. Cardiac myxoma was first described in 1845. In 1951, Prichard described a kind of microscopic endocardial structure of the atrial septum, which was suggested to be associated with cardiac myxoma. Clarence Crafo...
Myxoma overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sogand Goudarzi, MD [2]Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [4]Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [5] # Overview A myxoma (Myxo- = Latin for mucus) is the most common primary tumor of the heart. Cardiac myxo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Myxoma_overview
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Naproxen sodium
Naproxen sodium # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiD...
Naproxen sodium Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Deepika Beereddy, MBBS [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intend...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Naproxen
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Nature Medicine
Nature Medicine Nature Medicine is an academic journal publishing research articles, reviews, news and commentaries in the biomedical area, including both basic research and early-phase clinical research. Topics covered include cancer, cardiovascular disease, gene therapy, immunology, vaccines and neuroscience. The jou...
Nature Medicine Template:Infobox Journal Nature Medicine is an academic journal publishing research articles, reviews, news and commentaries in the biomedical area, including both basic research and early-phase clinical research. Topics covered include cancer, cardiovascular disease, gene therapy, immunology, vaccines...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nature_Medicine
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Neck dissection
Neck dissection # Overview The neck dissection is a surgical procedure for control of neck lymph node metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes from one side of the neck into which cancer cells may have migrated. Metastasis of squamous cell c...
Neck dissection # Overview The neck dissection is a surgical procedure for control of neck lymph node metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes from one side of the neck into which cancer cells may have migrated. Metastasis of squamous cell c...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neck_dissection
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User:Neepa Shah
User:Neepa Shah # Neepa Shah,MD Contact: Email: neepashh2@gmail.com # Current position Postdoctoral research fellow, PERFUSE Study Group at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. First-Year Pediatric Resident in India at Shri Ram Murti Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pr...
User:Neepa Shah # Neepa Shah,MD Contact: Email: neepashh2@gmail.com # Current position Associate Editor at WikiDoc.org Postdoctoral research fellow, PERFUSE Study Group at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. First-Year Pediatric Resident in India at Shri Ram Murti Med...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neepa_Shah
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Negativity bias
Negativity bias Negativity bias is the name for a psychological phenomenon by which humans pay more attention to and give more weight to negative than positive experiences. This shows up in a number of domains, including: - People will work harder to avoid losing an amount of money than they will to gain the same amoun...
Negativity bias Negativity bias is the name for a psychological phenomenon by which humans pay more attention to and give more weight to negative than positive experiences. This shows up in a number of domains, including: - People will work harder to avoid losing an amount of money than they will to gain the same amou...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Negativity_bias
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Neoarsphenamine
Neoarsphenamine Neosalvarsan is a synthetic chemotherapeutic that is an organoarsenic compound. It became available in 1912 and superseded the more toxic and less water-soluble salvarsan as an effective treatment for syphilis. Because both of these arsenicals carried considerable risk of side-effects, they were rep...
Neoarsphenamine Neosalvarsan is a synthetic chemotherapeutic that is an organoarsenic compound. It became available in 1912 and superseded the more toxic and less water-soluble salvarsan as an effective treatment for syphilis. Because both of these arsenicals carried considerable risk of side-effects, they were re...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neoarsphenamine
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Neomycin (oral)
Neomycin (oral) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiD...
Neomycin (oral) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neomycin_(oral)
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Neuraminic acid
Neuraminic acid Neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy- D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid) is a 9-carbon monosaccharide. It may be theoretically visualized as the aldol-condensation product of pyruvic acid and D-mannosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-mannose). Neuraminic acid does not occur naturally, but many of its derivat...
Neuraminic acid Template:Chembox new Neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy- D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid) is a 9-carbon monosaccharide. It may be theoretically visualized as the aldol-condensation product of pyruvic acid and D-mannosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-mannose). Neuraminic acid does not occur naturally, b...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neuraminic_acid
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Neurocardiology
Neurocardiology The new field of neurocardiology hypothesizes that the heart is not just a muscle which pumps blood throughout the body but is a sensory organ. The heart is now seen as an extensive nervous system with a sophisticated information encoding and processing center, sufficient to qualify it as a "heart-brain...
Neurocardiology Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The new field of neurocardiology hypothesizes that the heart is not just a muscle which pumps blood throughout the body but is a sensory organ. The heart is now seen as an extensive nervous system with a sophisticated information encoding and processin...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neurocardiology
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Neurodermatitis
Neurodermatitis Neurodermatitis can mean: - Lichen simplex chronicus and its cousin, prurigo nodularis; these are types of eczema that are thought to be self-caused, as by habitual scratching, or have unexplained origin, and are mostly localized; the older term was “localized or circumscribed neurodermatitis." - Other ...
Neurodermatitis Neurodermatitis can mean: - Lichen simplex chronicus and its cousin, prurigo nodularis; these are types of eczema that are thought to be self-caused, as by habitual scratching, or have unexplained origin, and are mostly localized; the older term was “localized or circumscribed neurodermatitis." - Other...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neurodermatitis
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Neurofibromin 1
Neurofibromin 1 Neurofibromin 1 (NF1) is a gene in humans that is located on chromosome 17. NF1 codes for neurofibromin, a GTPase-activating protein that negatively regulates RAS/MAPK pathway activity by accelerating the hydrolysis of Ras-bound GTP. There are currently five known neurofibromin isoforms that are express...
Neurofibromin 1 Neurofibromin 1 (NF1) is a gene in humans that is located on chromosome 17.[1] NF1 codes for neurofibromin, a GTPase-activating protein that negatively regulates RAS/MAPK pathway activity[1] by accelerating the hydrolysis of Ras-bound GTP.[2][3] There are currently five known neurofibromin isoforms tha...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neurofibromin_1
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wikidoc
Neuron doctrine
Neuron doctrine # Overview The neuron doctrine is the now fundamental idea that neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. The theory was proposed by Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz with evidence given by Santiago Ramón y Cajal in the late 19th century. It holds that ...
Neuron doctrine # Overview The neuron doctrine is the now fundamental idea that neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. The theory was proposed by Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz with evidence given by Santiago Ramón y Cajal in the late 19th century. It holds that ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neuron_doctrine
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wikidoc
Neuropeptide FF
Neuropeptide FF NPFF Neuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRFa) is a mammalian amidated neuropeptide originally isolated from bovine brain and characterized as a pain-modulating peptide, with anti-opioid activity on morphine-induced analgesia. In humans, Neuropeptide FF peptides are encoded by the NPFF gene. Two genes encoding two d...
Neuropeptide FF NPFF Neuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRFa) is a mammalian amidated neuropeptide originally isolated from bovine brain and characterized as a pain-modulating peptide, with anti-opioid activity on morphine-induced analgesia. In humans, Neuropeptide FF peptides are encoded by the NPFF gene. Two genes encoding two ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neuropeptide_FF
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wikidoc
Neurophilosophy
Neurophilosophy Neurophilosophy is the interdisciplinary study of neuroscience and philosophy. Work in this field is often separated into two distinct methods. The first method attempts to solve problems in philosophy of mind with empirical information from the neurosciences. The second method attempts to clarify ne...
Neurophilosophy Neurophilosophy is the interdisciplinary study of neuroscience and philosophy. Work in this field is often separated into two distinct methods. The first method attempts to solve problems in philosophy of mind with empirical information from the neurosciences. The second method attempts to clarify n...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neurophilosophy
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wikidoc
Neuropsychiatry
Neuropsychiatry # Overview Neuropsychiatry is the branch of medicine dealing with mental disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system. It preceded the current disciplines of psychiatry and neurology, in as much as psychiatrists and neurologists had a common training (Yodofsky and Hales, 2002). However, neu...
Neuropsychiatry # Overview Neuropsychiatry is the branch of medicine dealing with mental disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system. It preceded the current disciplines of psychiatry and neurology, in as much as psychiatrists and neurologists had a common training (Yodofsky and Hales, 2002). However, neu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neuropsychiatric
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wikidoc
New Code of NLP
New Code of NLP New code of Neuro-linguistic programming (New code of NLP) is a set of patterns, developed in the early and mid-80's by John Grinder, one of the inventors of the original ("classic") NLP in attempt to correct its initial design flaws. Judith DeLozier, Grinder's associate at the time, is also credited as...
New Code of NLP Template:Neuro-linguistic programming New code of Neuro-linguistic programming (New code of NLP) is a set of patterns, developed in the early and mid-80's by John Grinder, one of the inventors of the original ("classic") NLP in attempt to correct its initial design flaws. Judith DeLozier, Grinder's ass...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/New_Code_of_NLP
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wikidoc
Niacin (tablet)
Niacin (tablet) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiD...
Niacin (tablet) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Niacin_(tablet)
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wikidoc
Nickel carbonyl
Nickel carbonyl # Overview Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel) is a colorless organometallic complex that is a versatile reagent, first described in 1890 by Ludwig Mond. It was the first metal simple carbonyl complex to be reported. Its volatility at room temperature and toxicity have earned the compoun...
Nickel carbonyl Template:Chembox new # Overview Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel) is a colorless organometallic complex that is a versatile reagent, first described in 1890 by Ludwig Mond. It was the first metal simple carbonyl complex to be reported. Its volatility at room temperature and toxicity h...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nickel_Carbonyl
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wikidoc
Nicotine (oral)
Nicotine (oral) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiD...
Nicotine (oral) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aparna Vuppala, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is inte...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nicotine_(oral)
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wikidoc
Nikolsky's sign
Nikolsky's sign # Overview Nikolsky's sign is a clinical dermatological sign in which blisters spread easily upon application of horizontal, tangential pressure to the skin. A positive Nikolsky's sign signifies a separation of epithelial cells either from one another or from the basement membrane, which is a layer of ...
Nikolsky's sign # Overview Nikolsky's sign is a clinical dermatological sign in which blisters spread easily upon application of horizontal, tangential pressure to the skin. A positive Nikolsky's sign signifies a separation of epithelial cells either from one another or from the basement membrane, which is a layer of ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nikolsky%27s_sign
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wikidoc
Niobium carbide
Niobium carbide Niobium carbide (NbC and Nb2C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering and is a frequent additive in cemented carbides. It has the appearance of a brown-gray metallic powder with purple lustre. It is highly ...
Niobium carbide Template:Chembox new Niobium carbide (NbC and Nb2C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering and is a frequent additive in cemented carbides. It has the appearance of a brown-gray metallic powder with purple...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Niobium_carbide
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wikidoc
Nixtamalization
Nixtamalization Nixtamalization is a process whereby dry maize grain is soaked and cooked in an alkaline solution, usually limewater, to cause the transparent outer hull, the pericarp, to separate and be removed from the grain. This process has several benefits including enabling the grain to be more effectively ground...
Nixtamalization Nixtamalization is a process whereby dry maize grain is soaked and cooked in an alkaline solution, usually limewater, to cause the transparent outer hull, the pericarp, to separate and be removed from the grain. This process has several benefits including enabling the grain to be more effectively groun...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nixtamalization
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wikidoc
Nodding disease
Nodding disease Nodding disease is a new, little-known disease which has emerged out of the Sudan, where it was first seen in 1997. "Nodding disease" is just a nickname, not the official name for the disorder, because doctors have not yet had a chance to name it. It appears to be a severe mentally- and physically-disab...
Nodding disease Nodding disease is a new, little-known disease which has emerged out of the Sudan, where it was first seen in 1997. "Nodding disease" is just a nickname, not the official name for the disorder, because doctors have not yet had a chance to name it. It appears to be a severe mentally- and physically-disa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nodding_disease
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wikidoc
Norma Restieaux
Norma Restieaux Dame Norma Jean Restieaux, DBE is a physician, medical researcher, cardiologist and author from New Zealand. She authored or co-authored the following: - IDL Composition and Angiographically Determined Progression of Atherosclerotic Lesions During Simvastatin Therapy - Clinical outcome of older patients...
Norma Restieaux Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Dame Norma Jean Restieaux, DBE is a physician, medical researcher, cardiologist and author from New Zealand. She authored or co-authored the following: - IDL Composition and Angiographically Determined Progression of Atherosclerotic Lesions During Simv...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Norma_Restieaux
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wikidoc
Novirhabdovirus
Novirhabdovirus Norhabdovirus is one of two genera of rhabdoviruses, along with Vesiculovirus, known to infect aquatic hosts. They can be transmitted from fish to fish, by waterborne virus, as well as through contaminated eggs. Replication and thermal inactivation temperatures are generally lower than for other rhabdov...
Novirhabdovirus Norhabdovirus is one of two genera of rhabdoviruses, along with Vesiculovirus, known to infect aquatic hosts. They can be transmitted from fish to fish, by waterborne virus, as well as through contaminated eggs. Replication and thermal inactivation temperatures are generally lower than for other rhabdo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Novirhabdovirus
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wikidoc
Nucleoporin 153
Nucleoporin 153 Nucleoporin 153 (Nup153) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NUP153 gene. It is an essential component of the basket of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in vertebrates, and required for the achoring of NPCs. It also acts as the docking site of an importing karyopherin. On the cytoplasmic side of...
Nucleoporin 153 Nucleoporin 153 (Nup153) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NUP153 gene. It is an essential component of the basket of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in vertebrates, and required for the achoring of NPCs. It also acts as the docking site of an importing karyopherin.[1] On the cytoplasmic sid...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nucleoporin_153
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wikidoc
Nucleoporin 214
Nucleoporin 214 Nucleoporin 214 (Nup2014) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUP214 gene. # Function The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins are t...
Nucleoporin 214 Nucleoporin 214 (Nup2014) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUP214 gene.[1][2][3] # Function The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleopo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nucleoporin_214
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wikidoc
Nucleosynthesis
Nucleosynthesis Nucleosynthesis is the process of creating new atomic nuclei from preexisting nucleons (protons and neutrons). The primordial nucleons themselves were formed from the quark-gluon plasma of the Big Bang as it cooled below ten million degrees. A few minutes afterward, starting with only protons and neutro...
Nucleosynthesis Nucleosynthesis is the process of creating new atomic nuclei from preexisting nucleons (protons and neutrons). The primordial nucleons themselves were formed from the quark-gluon plasma of the Big Bang as it cooled below ten million degrees. A few minutes afterward, starting with only protons and neutr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nucleosynthesis
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wikidoc
Null hypothesis
Null hypothesis # Overview In statistics, a null hypothesis is a hypothesis set up to be nullified or refuted in order to support an alternate hypothesis. When used, the null hypothesis is presumed true until statistical evidence in the form of a hypothesis test indicates otherwise. In science, the null hypothesis is...
Null hypothesis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In statistics, a null hypothesis is a hypothesis set up to be nullified or refuted in order to support an alternate hypothesis. When used, the null hypothesis is presumed true until statistical evidence in the form of a hypothesis test indi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Null-hypothesis
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wikidoc
Nystatin (oral)
Nystatin (oral) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiD...
Nystatin (oral) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Deepika Beereddy, MBBS [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intend...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nystatin_(oral)
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wikidoc
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoid osteoma For more information about osteoma that is not associated with osteoid osteoma, see osteoma Synonyms and keywords: Osteoma osteoid; OO; Osteoid osteomas # Overview Osteoid osteoma is the third most common benign bone tumor. Its incidence is 11% among the benign tumors and 3% among all primary bone tumo...
Osteoid osteoma For patient information click here For more information about osteoma that is not associated with osteoid osteoma, see osteoma Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2] Synonyms and keywords: Osteoma osteoid; OO; Ost...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/OO
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wikidoc
Oat sensitivity
Oat sensitivity Oat sensitivity represents a sensitivity to the proteins found in oats, Avena sativa. Sensitivity to oats as a result of allergy or to the seed storage proteins either inhaled or ingested. A more complex condition results to individuals who have gluten-sensitive enteropathy in which there is also a resp...
Oat sensitivity Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Oat sensitivity represents a sensitivity to the proteins found in oats, Avena sativa. Sensitivity to oats as a result of allergy or to the seed storage proteins either inhaled or ingested. A more complex condition results to individuals who have gluten...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Oat_sensitivity
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wikidoc
Observer effect
Observer effect The observer effect, or observer bias, has any of various context-specific meanings, some of which are related. # Use in science In science, the term observer effect refers to changes that the act of observing will make on the phenomenon being observed. For example, for us to "see" an electron, a photo...
Observer effect Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The observer effect, or observer bias, has any of various context-specific meanings, some of which are related. # Use in science In science, the term observer effect refers to changes that the act of observing will make on the phenomenon being observe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Observer_bias
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wikidoc
Obturator veins
Obturator veins The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter a...
Obturator veins Template:Infobox Vein Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Obturator_vein
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wikidoc
Occipital sinus
Occipital sinus The occipital sinus is the smallest of the cranial sinuses. It is situated in the attached margin of the falx cerebelli, and is generally single, but occasionally there are two. It commences around the margin of the foramen magnum by several small venous channels, one of which joins the terminal part o...
Occipital sinus Template:Infobox Vein Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The occipital sinus is the smallest of the cranial sinuses. It is situated in the attached margin of the falx cerebelli, and is generally single, but occasionally there are two. It commences around the margin of the foramen magnu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Occipital_sinus
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wikidoc
Occlusal splint
Occlusal splint # Overview Occlusal splints (also called bite splints, bite planes, or night guards) are removable dental appliances carefully molded to fit the upper or lower arches of teeth. They are used to protect tooth and restoration surfaces, manage mandibular (jaw) disfunction, and stabilize occlusion or creat...
Occlusal splint Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Occlusal splints (also called bite splints, bite planes, or night guards) are removable dental appliances carefully molded to fit the upper or lower arches of teeth. They are used to protect tooth and restoration surfaces, manage mandibular...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Occlusal_splint
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wikidoc
Occlusal trauma
Occlusal trauma # Overview Occlusal trauma is a dental term that refers to the damage incurred when teeth are left in traumatic occlusion without proper treatment. When the maxillary and mandibular dental arches approach each together, as they do, for example, during chewing or at rest, the relationship between the op...
Occlusal trauma Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Occlusal trauma is a dental term that refers to the damage incurred when teeth are left in traumatic occlusion without proper treatment.[1] When the maxillary and mandibular dental arches approach each together, as they do, for example, dur...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Occlusal_trauma
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wikidoc
Ohio University
Ohio University Ohio University (OU) is a public university located in Athens, Ohio that is situated on a 1,800 acre (7.3 km²) campus. Founded in 1804, it is the oldest college in Ohio and the first in the Northwest Territory. # History The Northwest Ordinance of 1800 called for educational institutions as part of th...
Ohio University Template:Infobox University Ohio University (OU) is a public university located in Athens, Ohio that is situated on a 1,800 acre (7.3 km²) campus. Founded in 1804, it is the oldest college in Ohio and the first in the Northwest Territory. # History The Northwest Ordinance of 1800 called for education...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ohio_University
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wikidoc
Olfactory nerve
Olfactory nerve The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is the first of twelve cranial nerves. The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. The olfactory nerve consists of a collection of sensory nerve fibers that extend f...
Olfactory nerve Template:Infobox Nerve Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is the first of twelve cranial nerves. The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. The olf...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Olfactory_nerve
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wikidoc
Oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocyte Oligodendrocytes (from Greek literally meaning few tree cells), or oligodendroglia (Greek, few tree glue), are a variety of neuroglia. Their main function is the myelination of axons exclusively in the central nervous system of the higher vertebrates, a function performed by Schwann cells in the periphe...
Oligodendrocyte Oligodendrocytes (from Greek literally meaning few tree cells), or oligodendroglia (Greek, few tree glue),[1] are a variety of neuroglia. Their main function is the myelination of axons exclusively in the central nervous system of the higher vertebrates, a function performed by Schwann cells in the per...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Oligodendrocyte
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Olney's lesions
Olney's lesions Olney's lesions, also known as NMDA receptor antagonist neurotoxicity (NAN), are a form of brain damage theorized to be caused by high doses of dissociative anaesthetics, particularly those referred to as "noncompetitive NMDA-channel-blockers" such as ketamine, phencyclidine, and dextromethorphan. # Hi...
Olney's lesions Olney's lesions, also known as NMDA receptor antagonist neurotoxicity (NAN), are a form of brain damage theorized to be caused by high doses of dissociative anaesthetics, particularly those referred to as "noncompetitive NMDA-channel-blockers" such as ketamine, phencyclidine, and dextromethorphan.[1] ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Olney%27s_Lesions
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wikidoc
Rivea corymbosa
Rivea corymbosa Rivea corymbosa (common synonym: Turbina corymbosa), is a species of morning glory plants, native throughout Latin America from Mexico in the North to Peru in the South and widely naturalised elsewhere. It is a perennial climbing vine with white flowers, often planted as an ornamental plant. This plant ...
Rivea corymbosa Rivea corymbosa (common synonym: Turbina corymbosa), is a species of morning glory plants, native throughout Latin America from Mexico in the North to Peru in the South and widely naturalised elsewhere. It is a perennial climbing vine with white flowers, often planted as an ornamental plant. This plant...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ololiuhqui
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wikidoc
Vitelline veins
Vitelline veins # Overview The vitelline veins are veins which drain blood from the yolk sac. # Path They run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one ...
Vitelline veins Template:Infobox Embryology Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The vitelline veins are veins which drain blood from the yolk sac. # Path They run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Omphalomesenteric_veins
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wikidoc
Oncolytic virus
Oncolytic virus # Overview An oncolytic virus is a virus used to treat cancer due to their ability to specifically infect cancer cells, while leaving normal cells unharmed. Viruses can be engineered to be replication competent only in cancer cells, leading to cell lysis and dose amplification at the site of the tumour...
Oncolytic virus # Overview An oncolytic virus is a virus used to treat cancer due to their ability to specifically infect cancer cells, while leaving normal cells unharmed. Viruses can be engineered to be replication competent only in cancer cells, leading to cell lysis and dose amplification at the site of the tumour...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Oncolytic_virus
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wikidoc
Online pharmacy
Online pharmacy Since about the year 2000, hundreds of pharmacies have begun operating over the internet. Many such pharmacies are, in some ways, similar to community pharmacies; the primary difference is the method by which the medications are requested and received. Some customers consider this to be more convenient ...
Online pharmacy Template:Globalize/USA Template:Ecommerce Since about the year 2000, hundreds of pharmacies have begun operating over the internet. Many such pharmacies are, in some ways, similar to community pharmacies; the primary difference is the method by which the medications are requested and received. Some cus...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Online_pharmacy
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wikidoc
Onychodystrophy
Onychodystrophy # Overview Onychodystrophy is a deformation of the nails that can result from cancer chemotherapy which includes bleomycin, hydroxyurea, or 5-fluorouracil. It can include discoloration of the nail, or dyschromia. # Causes ## Causes in Alphabetical Order - Eczema - Fungal infection - Psoriasis # Diag...
Onychodystrophy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Onychodystrophy is a deformation of the nails that can result from cancer chemotherapy which includes bleomycin, hydroxyurea, or 5-fluorouracil. It can include discoloration of the nail, or dyschromia. # Causes ## Causes in Alphabetical O...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Onychodystrophy
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wikidoc
Operation Smile
Operation Smile Operation Smile is a private, not-for-profit volunteer medical services organization providing reconstructive surgery and related health care to indigent children and young adults in developing countries and the United States. It provides free cleft lip and cleft palate surgeries for children in the cou...
Operation Smile Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Operation Smile is a private, not-for-profit volunteer medical services organization providing reconstructive surgery and related health care to indigent children and young adults in developing countries and the United States. It provides free cleft li...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Operation_Smile
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wikidoc
Opioid
Opioid overview # Overview An opioid is a chemical substance that has a morphine-like action in the body. The main use is for pain relief. These agents work by binding to opioid receptors, which are found principally in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. The receptors in these two organ systems...
Opioid overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview An opioid is a chemical substance that has a morphine-like action in the body. The main use is for pain relief. These agents work by binding to opioid receptors, which are found principally in the central nervous system and the gastrointest...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Opioid_overview
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wikidoc
Opium licensing
Opium licensing Opium licensing is a policy instrument used to counter illegal drug cultivation and production. It has been used in countries such as Turkey and India to curb illegal opium production. The main mechanism used under opium licensing is a shift from cultivation and/or production for the illegal market towa...
Opium licensing Opium licensing is a policy instrument used to counter illegal drug cultivation and production. It has been used in countries such as Turkey and India to curb illegal opium production. The main mechanism used under opium licensing is a shift from cultivation and/or production for the illegal market tow...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Opium_licensing
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wikidoc
Optical imaging
Optical imaging Optical imaging is a scientific imaging technique using visible or infrared light. Optical imaging systems may be divided to the diffusive and ballistic imaging systems. # Diffusive Optical Imaging in Neuroscience Diffusive Optical imaging may refer to a recent technique that gives cognitive neuro...
Optical imaging Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Optical imaging is a scientific imaging technique using visible or infrared light. Optical imaging systems may be divided to the diffusive [1] and ballistic imaging [2] systems. # Diffusive Optical Imaging in Neuroscience Diffusive Optical imaging ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Optical_imaging
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Orbit (anatomy)
Orbit (anatomy) # Overview In anatomy, the orbital bone is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. It can also mean the skin which surrounds the eye of a bird. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is 30 ml, of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml. # Definition The orbits a...
Orbit (anatomy) Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In anatomy, the orbital bone is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. It can also mean the skin which surrounds the eye of a bird. In the adult human, the volume of the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Orbit
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Orexin receptor
Orexin receptor The orexin receptor (also referred to as the hypocretin receptor) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds the neuropeptide orexin. There are two variants, OX1 and OX2, each encoded by a different gene (HCRTR1, HCRTR2). Both orexin receptors exhibit a similar pharmacology - the 2 orexin peptides, ore...
Orexin receptor The orexin receptor (also referred to as the hypocretin receptor) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds the neuropeptide orexin. There are two variants, OX1 and OX2, each encoded by a different gene (HCRTR1, HCRTR2).[1] Both orexin receptors exhibit a similar pharmacology - the 2 orexin peptides,...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Orexin_receptor
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Organocatalysis
Organocatalysis # Overview In organic chemistry, the term Organocatalysis (a concatenation of the terms "organic" and "catalyst") refers to a form of catalysis, whereby the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by an organic catalyst referred to as an "organocatalyst" consisting of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and othe...
Organocatalysis # Overview In organic chemistry, the term Organocatalysis (a concatenation of the terms "organic" and "catalyst") refers to a form of catalysis, whereby the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by an organic catalyst referred to as an "organocatalyst" consisting of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and othe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Organocatalysis
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Organopalladium
Organopalladium Organopalladium chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic palladium compounds and their reactions. Palladium is often used as a catalyst in the reduction of alkenes and alkynes with hydrogen. This process involves the formation of a palladium-carbon covalent bond. Palladi...
Organopalladium Organopalladium chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic palladium compounds and their reactions. Palladium is often used as a catalyst in the reduction of alkenes and alkynes with hydrogen. This process involves the formation of a palladium-carbon covalent bond. Pallad...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Organopalladium
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Organophosphate
Organophosphate # Overview An organophosphate (sometimes abbreviated OP) is the general name for esters of phosphoric acid. Phosphates with at least one phosphorus-carbon bond are probably the most pervasive organophosphorus compounds. Many of the most important biochemicals are organophosphates, including DNA and RN...
Organophosphate Editor-In-Chief: Henry A. Hoff # Overview An organophosphate (sometimes abbreviated OP) is the general name for esters of phosphoric acid. Phosphates with at least one phosphorus-carbon bond are probably the most pervasive organophosphorus compounds. Many of the most important biochemicals are organo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Organophosphate
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Orthokeratology
Orthokeratology Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) is the use of rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, normally worn only at night, to improve vision through the reshaping of the cornea. This method can be used as an alternative to eyeglasses, refractive surgery, or for those who prefer not to wear contact lenses during the day ...
Orthokeratology Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) is the use of rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, normally worn only at night, to improve vision through the reshaping of the cornea. This method can be used as an alternative to eyeglasses, refractive surgery, or for those who prefer not to wear contact lenses during the day...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Orthokeratology
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Osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) or tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B), is a cytokine receptor of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily encoded by the TNFRSF11B gene. OPG was first discovered as a novel secre...
Osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) or tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B), is a cytokine receptor of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily encoded by the TNFRSF11B gene. OPG was first discovered as a novel secr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Osteoprotegerin
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Ovarian Sarcoma
Ovarian Sarcoma # Overview Ovarian carcinosarcoma, which is also known as a malignant mixed mullerian tumor (MMMT) of the ovary, is a rare, aggressive cancer of the ovary with two distinct characteristic cancer types i.e carcinoma and sarcoma. Primary ovarian sarcomas occur as pure sarcomas or mixed mullerian tumors (...
Ovarian Sarcoma Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maneesha Nandimandalam, M.B.B.S.[2] # Overview Ovarian carcinosarcoma, which is also known as a malignant mixed mullerian tumor (MMMT) of the ovary, is a rare, aggressive cancer of the ovary with two distinct characteris...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ovarian_Sarcoma
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Ovarian fibroma
Ovarian fibroma Contributors: Cafer Zorkun M.D., PhD. # Overview Ovarian fibromas account for approximately 4% of all ovarian neoplasms and are the most common sex cord tumor. Fibromas are generally asymptomatic and typically detected in middle-aged women at palpation during routine gynecologic examination. They are ...
Ovarian fibroma Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Contributors: Cafer Zorkun M.D., PhD. # Overview Ovarian fibromas account for approximately 4% of all ovarian neoplasms and are the most common sex cord tumor. Fibromas are generally asymptomatic and typically detected in middle-aged women at palpati...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ovarian_fibroma
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Ovum avtivation
Ovum avtivation Ovum activation is the events which occur after fertilisation. Sperm entry causes calcium release into the oocyte. This is caused by the prescence of PLCzeta from the sperm cytoplasm. Activation of the ovum causes the following events - Cortical reaction - Reactivation of meiosis - DNA synthesis # Cort...
Ovum avtivation Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Ovum activation is the events which occur after fertilisation. Sperm entry causes calcium release into the oocyte. This is caused by the prescence of PLCzeta from the sperm cytoplasm. Activation of the ovum causes the following events - Cortical reacti...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ovum_avtivation
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Oxidizing agent
Oxidizing agent An oxidizing agent (also called an oxidant or oxidizer) can be defined as either: - a chemical compound that readily transfers oxygen atoms, or - a substance that gains electrons in a redox chemical reaction The former definition is not applicable to what most people read about, but it is the sense in w...
Oxidizing agent An oxidizing agent (also called an oxidant or oxidizer) can be defined as either: - a chemical compound that readily transfers oxygen atoms, or - a substance that gains electrons in a redox chemical reaction The former definition is not applicable to what most people read about, but it is the sense in ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Oxidising_agent
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Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiD...
Oxytetracycline Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aparna Vuppala, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is inte...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Oxytetracycline
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P70-S6 Kinase 1
P70-S6 Kinase 1 Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1), also known as p70S6 kinase (p70S6K, p70-S6K), is an enzyme (specifically, a protein kinase) that in humans is encoded by the RPS6KB1 gene. It is a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of PIP3 and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 in the PI3 kinase pat...
P70-S6 Kinase 1 Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1), also known as p70S6 kinase (p70S6K, p70-S6K), is an enzyme (specifically, a protein kinase) that in humans is encoded by the RPS6KB1 gene.[1][2] It is a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of PIP3 and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 in the PI3 kin...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/P70-S6_Kinase_1
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Parkin (ligase)
Parkin (ligase) Parkin is a 465-residue E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in ubiquitination- the process whereby molecules are covalently labelled with ubiquitin (Ub) and directed towards degradation in proteasomes or lysosomes. Ubiquitination involves the sequential action of three enzymes. First, an E1 u...
Parkin (ligase) Parkin is a 465-residue E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in ubiquitination- the process whereby molecules are covalently labelled with ubiquitin (Ub) and directed towards degradation in proteasomes or lysosomes. Ubiquitination involves the sequential action of three enzymes. First, an E1 ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/PARK2
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PARTNER 2 Trial
PARTNER 2 Trial # Objective To compare the outcomes with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) versus surgical valve replacement among intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis # Methods The Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves (PARTNER) 2 trial was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, act...
PARTNER 2 Trial Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mandana Chitsazan, M.D. [2] # Objective To compare the outcomes with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) versus surgical valve replacement among intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis # Method...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/PARTNER_2_Trial
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PDE-5 inhibitor
PDE-5 inhibitor # Overview A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5 inhibitor) is a drug used to block the degradative action of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) on cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels supplying the corpus cavernosum of the penis. These drugs are used in the tr...
PDE-5 inhibitor Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5 inhibitor) is a drug used to block the degradative action of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) on cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels supplying the corpus cav...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/PDE-5_inhibitor
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Proline oxidase
Proline oxidase Proline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRODH gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial proline dehydrogenase which catalyzes the first step in proline catabolism. Deletion of this gene has been associated with type I hyperprolinemia. The gene i...
Proline oxidase Proline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRODH gene.[1][2][3] The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial proline dehydrogenase which catalyzes the first step in proline catabolism. Deletion of this gene has been associated with type I hyperprolinemia. ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/PRODH
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Pair production
Pair production Pair production refers to the creation of an elementary particle and its antiparticle, usually from a photon (or another neutral boson). This is allowed, provided there is enough energy available to create the pair – at least the total rest mass energy of the two particles – and that the situation allow...
Pair production Pair production refers to the creation of an elementary particle and its antiparticle, usually from a photon (or another neutral boson). This is allowed, provided there is enough energy available to create the pair – at least the total rest mass energy of the two particles – and that the situation allo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pair_production
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Palatine tonsil
Palatine tonsil # Overview Palatine tonsils are the tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat. Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils and will often, but not necessarily, cause a sore throat and fever. In chronic cases tonsillectomy may be indicated. # Functions of palatine tonsils ## Local immunity ...
Palatine tonsil Template:Infobox Anatomy # Overview Palatine tonsils are the tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat. Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils and will often, but not necessarily, cause a sore throat and fever. In chronic cases tonsillectomy may be indicated.[1] # Functions of palatin...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Palatine_tonsil
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Paleopolyploidy
Paleopolyploidy Paleopolyploidy refers to ancient genome duplications which occurred at least several million years ago (mya). The genome doubling event could either be an autopolyploidy or an allopolyploidy. Due to functional redundancy, genes are rapidly silenced and/or lost from the duplicated genomes. Most paleo...
Paleopolyploidy Paleopolyploidy refers to ancient genome duplications which occurred at least several million years ago (mya). The genome doubling event could either be an autopolyploidy or an allopolyploidy. Due to functional redundancy, genes are rapidly silenced and/or lost from the duplicated genomes. Most pale...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Paleopolyploidy
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Palmer notation
Palmer notation # Overview Palmer notation is a system used by dentists to associate information to a specific tooth. Although supposedly superseded by the FDI World Dental Federation notation, it overwhelming continues to be the preferred method used by dental students and practitioners in the United Kingdom. It was ...
Palmer notation # Overview Palmer notation is a system used by dentists to associate information to a specific tooth. Although supposedly superseded by the FDI World Dental Federation notation, it overwhelming continues to be the preferred method used by dental students and practitioners in the United Kingdom.[1] It w...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Palmer_Notation_Method
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Pamidronic acid
Pamidronic acid # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiD...
Pamidronic acid Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vignesh Ponnusamy, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pamidronate
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Parasitic plant
Parasitic plant A parasitic plant is one that derives some or all of its sustenance from another plant. About 4,100 species in approximately 19 families of flowering plants are known. Parasitic plants have a modified root, the haustorium, that penetrates the host plant and connects to the xylem, phloem, or both. Parasi...
Parasitic plant A parasitic plant is one that derives some or all of its sustenance from another plant. About 4,100 species in approximately 19 families of flowering plants are known.[1] Parasitic plants have a modified root, the haustorium, that penetrates the host plant and connects to the xylem, phloem, or both. Pa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Parasitic_plant