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wikidoc
Binary fission
Binary fission Binary fission is the form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size, used by most prokaryotes. This process results in the reproduction of a living cell by division into two equal or near-equal parts. Mitosis is not the same as binary fi...
Binary fission Template:Expand Binary fission is the form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size, used by most prokaryotes. This process results in the reproduction of a living cell by division into two equal or near-equal parts. Mitosis is not the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Binary_fission
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Binaural beats
Binaural beats # Overview Binaural beats or binaural tones are auditory processing artifacts, that is, apparent sounds, the perception of which arises in the brain independent of physical stimuli. This effect was discovered in 1839 by Heinrich Wilhelm Dove. The brain produces a phenomenon resulting in low-frequency pu...
Binaural beats Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Binaural beats or binaural tones are auditory processing artifacts, that is, apparent sounds, the perception of which arises in the brain independent of physical stimuli. This effect was discovered in 1839 by Heinrich Wilhelm Dove. The brain...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Binaural_beats
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wikidoc
Binge drinking
Binge drinking # Overview The British Medical Association states that "there is no consensus on the definition of binge drinking. In the past, 'binge drinking' was often used to refer to an extended period of time, usually two days or more, during which a person repeatedly drank to intoxication, giving up usual activi...
Binge drinking Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The British Medical Association states that "there is no consensus on the definition of binge drinking. In the past, 'binge drinking' was often used to refer to an extended period of time, usually two days or more, during which a person repe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Binge_drinking
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wikidoc
BioSand Filter
BioSand Filter BioSand Water Filters are a technological adaptation of the centuries old slow sand filtration process. While implementations exist in many different sizes and varieties, the most common design is intended for use in rural homes where naturally safe or treated water sources are not available. BioSand Fil...
BioSand Filter BioSand Water Filters are a technological adaptation of the centuries old slow sand filtration process. While implementations exist in many different sizes and varieties, the most common design is intended for use in rural homes where naturally safe or treated water sources are not available.[1] BioSand...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/BioSand_Filter
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wikidoc
Biocybernetics
Biocybernetics Biocybernetics is the application of cybernetics to the biological science, comprised of biological disciplines that benefit from the application of cybernetics: neurology, multicellular systems and others. Biocybernetics plays a major role in systems biology, seeking to integrate different levels of inf...
Biocybernetics Biocybernetics is the application of cybernetics to the biological science, comprised of biological disciplines that benefit from the application of cybernetics: neurology, multicellular systems and others. Biocybernetics plays a major role in systems biology, seeking to integrate different levels of in...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biocybernetics
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Biodegradation
Biodegradation Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms. The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management and environmental remediation (bioremediation). Organic material can be degraded aerobically, with oxygen, or anaerobically, without oxygen. A ter...
Biodegradation Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms. The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management and environmental remediation (bioremediation). Organic material can be degraded aerobically, with oxygen, or anaerobically, without oxygen. A te...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biodegradable
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Bioengineering
Bioengineering Bioengineering (also encompases biomedical engineering and medical engineering) is an application of engineering principles and design to challenges in human health and medicine. Bioengineering is related to Biological Engineering, the latter including applications of engineering principles to the full s...
Bioengineering Bioengineering (also encompases biomedical engineering and medical engineering) is an application of engineering principles and design to challenges in human health and medicine. Bioengineering is related to Biological Engineering, the latter including applications of engineering principles to the full ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bioengineer
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wikidoc
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics Bioinformatics is the application of information technology to the field of molecular biology. The term Bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg in 1978 for the study of informatic processes in biotic systems. Bioinformatics nowadays entails the creation and advancement of databases, algorithms, comp...
Bioinformatics Bioinformatics is the application of information technology to the field of molecular biology. The term Bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg in 1978 for the study of informatic processes in biotic systems. Bioinformatics nowadays entails the creation and advancement of databases, algorithms, com...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bioinformatic
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wikidoc
Cell (biology)
Cell (biology) # Overview The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building block of life. Some organisms, such as most bacteria, are unicellular (consist of a single cell). Other organisms...
Cell (biology) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building block of life.[1] Some organisms, such as most bacteria, are ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biological_cell
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Organic matter
Organic matter Organic matter (or organic material) is matter that has come from a recently living organism; is capable of decay, or the product of decay; or is composed of organic compounds. The definition of organic matter varies upon the subject it is being used for. # Soil organic matter Soil is composed of minera...
Organic matter Template:Cleanup Organic matter (or organic material) is matter that has come from a recently living organism; is capable of decay, or the product of decay; or is composed of organic compounds. The definition of organic matter varies upon the subject it is being used for. # Soil organic matter Soil is ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biological_matter
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wikidoc
Health science
Health science # Overview Health science is the applied science dealing with health, and it includes many subdisciplines. There are two approaches to health science: the study and research of the human body and health-related issues to understand how humans (and animals) function, and the application of that knowledg...
Health science # Overview Health science is the applied science dealing with health, and it includes many subdisciplines. There are two approaches to health science: the study and research of the human body and health-related issues to understand how humans (and animals) function, and the application of that knowledg...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biomedical_science
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Bioremediation
Bioremediation # Overview Bioremediation can be defined as any process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their enzymes to return the environment altered by contaminants to its original condition. Bioremediation may be employed to attack specific soil contaminants, such as degradation of chlorinated hydr...
Bioremediation Template:Pollution # Overview Bioremediation can be defined as any process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their enzymes to return the environment altered by contaminants to its original condition. Bioremediation may be employed to attack specific soil contaminants, such as degradation...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bioremediation
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Bisphosphonate
Bisphosphonate # Overview In pharmacology, bisphosphonates (also called: diphosphonates) is a class of drugs that inhibits osteoclast action and the resorption of bone. Its uses include the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, osteitis deformans ("Paget's disease of bone"), bone metastasis (with or without hyperc...
Bisphosphonate Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In pharmacology, bisphosphonates (also called: diphosphonates) is a class of drugs that inhibits osteoclast action and the resorption of bone. Its uses include the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, osteitis deformans ("Paget's diseas...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bisphosphonate
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Black cardamom
Black cardamom Black cardamom (Urdu: بڑی الائچی ) (also known as brown cardamom, thảo quả and tsao-ko) is a plant in the family Zingiberaceae. Its seed pods have a strong, smoky, anise-like flavor. The pods are used as a spice, in a manner similar to the green Indian cardamom pods, but those have a drastically differen...
Black cardamom Black cardamom (Urdu: بڑی الائچی ) (also known as brown cardamom, thảo quả and tsao-ko) is a plant in the family Zingiberaceae. Its seed pods have a strong, smoky, anise-like flavor. The pods are used as a spice, in a manner similar to the green Indian cardamom pods, but those have a drastically differe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Black_cardamom
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Exsanguination
Exsanguination Synonyms and keywords: Desagnuination; bleeding out; hemorrhagic shock; bleeding to death; massive blood loss; fatal bleed; fatal bleeding; fatal blood loss; severe hemorrhage; massive bleeding; massive bleed; massive hemorrhage # Overview Exsanguination is the fatal process of total hypovolemia (blood ...
Exsanguination Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Desagnuination; bleeding out; hemorrhagic shock; bleeding to death; massive blood loss; fatal bleed; fatal bleeding; fatal blood loss; severe hemorrhage; massive bleeding; massive bleed; massive hemorrhage # Overview Exsanguinati...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bleeding_out
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wikidoc
Blepharoplasty
Blepharoplasty # Overview Blepharoplasty can be both a functional or cosmetic surgical procedure intended to reshape the upper eyelid or lower eyelid by the removal and/or repositioning of excess tissue as well as by reinforcement of surrounding muscles and tendons. When an advanced amount of upper eyelid skin is pres...
Blepharoplasty Editors-In-Chief: Michel C. Samson, M.D., FRCSC, FACS [1] and David Malitz, M.D. [2] # Overview Blepharoplasty can be both a functional or cosmetic surgical procedure intended to reshape the upper eyelid or lower eyelid by the removal and/or repositioning of excess tissue as well as by reinforcement of...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blepharoplasty
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wikidoc
Blood donation
Blood donation # Overview Blood donation is a process by which a blood donor voluntarily has blood drawn for storage in a blood bank, generally for subsequent use in a blood transfusion. Blood donations may be scheduled at local centres, or at times a "blood drive" will occur. These are events where a blood bank or ot...
Blood donation Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Blood donation is a process by which a blood donor voluntarily has blood drawn for storage in a blood bank, generally for subsequent use in a blood transfusion. Blood donations may be scheduled at local centres, or at times a "blood drive" w...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blood_Donation
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wikidoc
Blood boosting
Blood boosting Blood Boosting, sometimes called blood packing or blood doping, is a means to improve athletic performance through manipulation of blood chemistry/composition timed around athletic events. # Methods The practice most commonly known as blood boosting or "blood doping" involves removing plasma about two m...
Blood boosting Template:WikiDoc Cardiology News Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Blood Boosting, sometimes called blood packing or blood doping, is a means to improve athletic performance through manipulation of blood chemistry/composition timed around athletic events. # Methods The practice most co...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blood_boosting
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wikidoc
Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximetry # Overview Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method allowing the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's blood. A sensor is placed on a thin part of the patient's anatomy, usually a fingertip or earlobe, or in the case of a neonate, across a foot, and a light containing both red and infrared wavelen...
Pulse oximetry Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method allowing the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's blood. A sensor is placed on a thin part of the patient's anatomy, usually a fingertip or earlobe, or in the case of a neonate, across a foot, ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blood_oxygenation
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wikidoc
Blood proteins
Blood proteins Blood proteins, also called serum proteins, are proteins found in blood plasma. They serve many different functions including circulatory transport molecules for lipids, hormones, vitamins and metals. They also serve as enzymes, complement components, protease inhibitors, and kininn precursors. Serum pro...
Blood proteins Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Blood proteins, also called serum proteins, are proteins found in blood plasma. They serve many different functions including circulatory transport molecules for lipids, hormones, vitamins and metals. They also serve as enzymes, complement components, p...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blood_protein
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Haemotaphonomy
Haemotaphonomy Haemotaphonomy or hemotaphonomy (from the Greek haima for blood, taphos for burial, and nomos for law) is the study of bloodstains, and especially of the changes in appearance and size of the cellular components, as well as the characteristics of their cell position and appearance in function of the supe...
Haemotaphonomy Template:WikiDoc Cardiology News Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Haemotaphonomy or hemotaphonomy (from the Greek haima for blood, taphos for burial, and nomos for law) is the study of bloodstains, and especially of the changes in appearance and size of the cellular components, as well...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bloodstains_as_evidence
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wikidoc
Bloom syndrome
Bloom syndrome # Overview Bloom syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a high frequency of breaks and rearrangements in an affected person's chromosomes . # Historical Perspective Bloom syndrome was discovered and first described by dermatologist Dr. David Bloom in 1954 # Pathophysiology ## Genetics...
Bloom syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [3] # Overview Bloom syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a high frequency of breaks and rearrangements in an affected person's chromosomes ....
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bloom%27s_Syndrome
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wikidoc
Blurred vision
Blurred vision # Overview Blurred vision is a common ocular symptom which is define as a sudden or gradual loss of clarity or sharpness of vision and difficulty to see fine details.It can present unilateral or bilateral. # Historical Perspective There is not much information regarding the historical perspective of bl...
Blurred vision Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: # Overview Blurred vision is a common ocular symptom which is define as a sudden or gradual loss of clarity or sharpness of vision and difficulty to see fine details.It can present unilateral or bilateral. # Historical Pers...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blurred_Vision
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Bodily orifice
Bodily orifice A body orifice is any external opening in the body of an animal. In a typical mammalian body such as the human body, the body orifices are: - The nostrils, for breathing and the associated sense of smell. - The eyes, for the sense of sight and crying. - The mouth, for eating, breathing and vocalizations ...
Bodily orifice Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] } A body orifice is any external opening in the body of an animal. In a typical mammalian body such as the human body, the body orifices are: - The nostrils, for breathing and the associated sense of smell. - The eyes, for the sense of sight and crying....
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bodily_orifice
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wikidoc
Body-snatching
Body-snatching Body-snatching was the secret disinterment of bodies from churchyards to sell them for dissection or anatomy lectures in medical schools. Those who practised body-snatching or grave robbing were often called resurrectionists or resurrection-men. # History Before the Anatomy Act of 1832, the only legal s...
Body-snatching Body-snatching was the secret disinterment of bodies from churchyards to sell them for dissection or anatomy lectures in medical schools. Those who practised body-snatching or grave robbing were often called resurrectionists or resurrection-men.[1] # History Before the Anatomy Act of 1832, the only leg...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Body-snatching
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wikidoc
Body cleansing
Body cleansing Body cleansing or detoxification is a treatment in alternative medicine which proponents claim rid the body of accumulated harmful substances that exert a negative effect on individual health. Critics argue that such cleansings are often unnecessary, and are based on questionable or disproved scientific ...
Body cleansing Body cleansing or detoxification is a treatment in alternative medicine which proponents claim rid the body of accumulated harmful substances that exert a negative effect on individual health. Critics argue that such cleansings are often unnecessary, and are based on questionable or disproved scientific...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Body_cleansing
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wikidoc
Boswellic acid
Boswellic acid Boswellic acids are a series of pentacyclic triterpene molecules which are produced by plants in the genus Boswellia. Like many other terpenes, boswellic acids appear in the resin of the plant which exudes them; it is estimated that they make up 30% of the resin of B. serrata. # Structure The boswellic ...
Boswellic acid Boswellic acids are a series of pentacyclic triterpene molecules which are produced by plants in the genus Boswellia. Like many other terpenes, boswellic acids appear in the resin of the plant which exudes them; it is estimated that they make up 30% of the resin of B. serrata.[1] # Structure The boswel...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Boswellic_acid
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wikidoc
Botany lecture
Botany lecture Botany is the scientific study of plant life. As a branch of biology, it is also called plant science(s) or plant biology. Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study plants including: structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development and diseases of plants, chemical properties...
Botany lecture Editor-In-Chief: Henry A. Hoff Botany is the scientific study of plant life. As a branch of biology, it is also called plant science(s) or plant biology. Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study plants including: structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development and disease...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Botany_lecture
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wikidoc
Pasteurellosis
Pasteurellosis Synonyms and keywords: Shipping fever; bovine respiratory disease complex; fibrinous pneumonia; Pasteurella pneumonia; hemorrhagic septicemia; fowl cholera; snuffles # Overview Pasteurellosis is an infection with a species of the bacterial genus Pasteurella. Pasteurella multocida (subsp. septica and sub...
Pasteurellosis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac Synonyms and keywords: Shipping fever; bovine respiratory disease complex; fibrinous pneumonia; Pasteurella pneumonia; hemorrhagic septicemia; fowl cholera; snuffles # Overview Pasteurellosis is an infection...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bovine_respiratory_disease_complex
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wikidoc
Stomach rumble
Stomach rumble # Overview A stomach rumble, also known as a bowel sound or peristaltic sound, is a rumbling, growling or gurgling noise produced by movement of the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract as they are propelled through the small intestine by a series of muscle contractions called peristalsis. A doctor c...
Stomach rumble Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A stomach rumble, also known as a bowel sound or peristaltic sound, is a rumbling, growling or gurgling noise produced by movement of the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract as they are propelled through the small intestine by a series o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bowel_sounds
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wikidoc
Ciliary muscle
Ciliary muscle # Overview The ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle of the head that is responsible for accommodation of the eye # Mode of action The ciliary muscle affects zonular fibers in the eye (fibers that suspend the lens in position during accommodation), enabling changes in lens shape for light focusing. When th...
Ciliary muscle Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jyostna Chouturi, M.B.B.S [2] Template:Infobox muscle # Overview The ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle of the head that is responsible for accommodation of the eye # Mode of action The ciliary muscle affects zonular fibe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bowman%27s_muscle
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Cerebral edema
Cerebral edema Synonyms and keywords: Cerebral oedema. # Overview Cerebral edema is an excess accumulation of water in the intra- and/or extracellular spaces of the brain. # Pathophysiology ## Vasogenic Cerebral edema Due to a breakdown of tight endothelial junctions which make up the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This...
Cerebral edema Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Cerebral oedema. # Overview Cerebral edema is an excess accumulation of water in the intra- and/or extracellular spaces of the brain. # Pathophysiology ## Vasogenic Cerebral edema Due to a breakdown of tight endothelial junctio...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brain_edema
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wikidoc
Brain ischemia
Brain ischemia Synonyms and keywords: Cerebral ischemia; ischemic encephalopathy # Overview Brain ischemia (or cerebral ischemia) is an ischemic condition where the brain or parts of the brain do not receive enough blood flow to maintain normal neurological function. # Causes Cerebral ischemia can be the result of va...
Brain ischemia Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Cerebral ischemia; ischemic encephalopathy # Overview Brain ischemia (or cerebral ischemia) is an ischemic condition where the brain or parts of the brain do not receive enough blood flow to maintain normal neurological function....
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brain_ischemia
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Bremsstrahlung
Bremsstrahlung Bremsstrahlung (pronounced Template:Audio-IPA, from German error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) "to brake" and error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) "radiation", i.e. "braking radiation" or "deceleration radiation"), is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a char...
Bremsstrahlung Bremsstrahlung (pronounced Template:Audio-IPA, from German [bremsen] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) "to brake" and [Strahlung] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) "radiation", i.e. "braking radiation" or "deceleration radiation"), is electromagnetic radiation produced by the d...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Braking_radiation
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wikidoc
Branchial arch
Branchial arch # Overview In the development of vertebrate animals, the pharyngeal arches (also called branchial arches or gill arches in fish) develop during the fourth and fifth week in utero as a series of mesodermal outpouchings on the left and right sides of the developing pharynx. In fish, the branchial arches g...
Branchial arch Template:Infobox Embryology # Overview In the development of vertebrate animals, the pharyngeal arches (also called branchial arches or gill arches in fish) develop during the fourth and fifth week in utero as a series of mesodermal outpouchings on the left and right sides of the developing pharynx. In...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Branchial_arch
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Brassica nigra
Brassica nigra Brassica nigra (black mustard) is an annual weedy plant cultivated for its seeds, which are commonly used as a spice. The plant is believed to be native to the southern Mediterranean region of Europe, and has been cultivated for thousands of years. The spice is generally made from ground seeds of the pla...
Brassica nigra Brassica nigra (black mustard) is an annual weedy plant cultivated for its seeds, which are commonly used as a spice. The plant is believed to be native to the southern Mediterranean region of Europe, and has been cultivated for thousands of years. The spice is generally made from ground seeds of the pl...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brassica_nigra
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Breast disease
Breast disease Breast diseases can be classified either with disorders of the integuement, or disorders of the reproductive system. # Cancer A majority of breast diseases are noncancerous. # Breast Pain # Infections and inflammations These may be caused among others by trauma, secretory stasis/milk engorgement, horm...
Breast disease Breast diseases can be classified either with disorders of the integuement, or disorders of the reproductive system. # Cancer A majority of breast diseases are noncancerous.[1] # Breast Pain # Infections and inflammations These may be caused among others by trauma, secretory stasis/milk engorgement, ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Breast_disease
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Sleep disorder
Sleep disorder # Overview A sleep disorder (somnipathy) is a disorder in the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders can interfere with mental and emotional function. A test commonly ordered for some sleep disorders is the polysomnogram. # Common Sleep Disorders The most common sleep disorders in...
Sleep disorder For patient information click here Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A sleep disorder (somnipathy) is a disorder in the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders can interfere with mental and emotional function. A test commonly ordered for some sleep disor...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Breathing-related_sleep_disorder
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wikidoc
Nasal fracture
Nasal fracture # Overview A nasal fracture, commonly referred to as a broken nose, is a fracture of the bone or cartilage of the nose. Because of the protrusion of the nose from the face and the fragility of the bones of the nose, a broken nose is one of the most common facial injuries, comprising almost 40% of all f...
Nasal fracture # Overview A nasal fracture, commonly referred to as a broken nose, is a fracture of the bone or cartilage of the nose. Because of the protrusion of the nose from the face and the fragility of the bones of the nose, a broken nose is one of the most common facial injuries, comprising almost 40% of all f...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Broken_nose
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wikidoc
Bronchomalacia
Bronchomalacia # Overview Bronchomalacia is a term for weak cartilage in the walls of the bronchial tubes, occurring in children under six months, presented with noisy breathing and/or wheezing. There is collapse of a main stem bronchus, on expiration. There are two types of Bronchomalacia. Primary Bronchomalacia is d...
Bronchomalacia # Overview Bronchomalacia is a term for weak cartilage in the walls of the bronchial tubes, occurring in children under six months, presented with noisy breathing and/or wheezing. There is collapse of a main stem bronchus, on expiration. There are two types of Bronchomalacia. Primary Bronchomalacia is d...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bronchomalacia
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wikidoc
Brood parasite
Brood parasite Brood parasites are organisms that use the strategy of brood-parasitism, a kind of kleptoparasitism found among birds, fish or insects, involving the manipulation and use of host individuals either of the same (intraspecific brood-parasitism) or different species (inter-specific brood-parasitism) to rais...
Brood parasite Brood parasites are organisms that use the strategy of brood-parasitism, a kind of kleptoparasitism found among birds, fish or insects, involving the manipulation and use of host individuals either of the same (intraspecific brood-parasitism) or different species (inter-specific brood-parasitism) to rai...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brood_parasite
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wikidoc
Tooth brushing
Tooth brushing # Overview Tooth brushing is the act of cleaning teeth with a toothbrush. Modern medical research has shown that brushing teeth properly can prevent cavities, gingivitis, and periodontal, or gum disease, which causes at least one-third of adult tooth loss. If teeth are not brushed correctly and frequent...
Tooth brushing # Overview Tooth brushing is the act of cleaning teeth with a toothbrush. Modern medical research has shown that brushing teeth properly can prevent cavities, gingivitis, and periodontal, or gum disease, which causes at least one-third of adult tooth loss. If teeth are not brushed correctly and frequent...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brushing
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wikidoc
Buccal pumping
Buccal pumping Buccal pumping is a method of respiration using the throat muscles. Animals using this method will typically move the floor of the mouth or throat in a rhythmic manner that is externally apparent. This method has several stages. These will be described for an animal starting with lungs in a deflated sta...
Buccal pumping Buccal pumping is a method of respiration using the throat muscles. Animals using this method will typically move the floor of the mouth or throat in a rhythmic manner that is externally apparent. This method has several stages. These will be described for an animal starting with lungs in a deflated st...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Buccal_pumping
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wikidoc
Buerger's test
Buerger's test Buerger's test is used to assess the adequacy of the arterial supply to the leg. It is performed in two stages. # How to perform? - With the patient supine, elevate both legs to an angle of 45 degrees and hold for one to two minutes. - Observe the color of the feet. - Pallor indicates ischemia. It occur...
Buerger's test Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Buerger's test is used to assess the adequacy of the arterial supply to the leg. It is performed in two stages. ## How to perform? - With the patient supine, elevate both legs to an angle of 45 degrees and hold for one to two minutes. - Observe the col...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Buerger%27s_test
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wikidoc
Tooth eruption
Tooth eruption # Overview Tooth eruption after humans is a process in tooth development in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible. It is currently believed that the periodontal ligaments play an important role in tooth eruption. Primary (baby) teeth erupt into the mouth from around 6 months until 2 years...
Tooth eruption # Overview Tooth eruption after humans is a process in tooth development in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible. It is currently believed that the periodontal ligaments play an important role in tooth eruption. Primary (baby) teeth erupt into the mouth from around 6 months until 2 years...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bullous_eruption
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wikidoc
Burst fracture
Burst fracture # Overview A burst fracture is a type of traumatic spinal injury in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load, with pieces of the vertebra shattering into surrounding tissues and sometimes the spinal canal. # Classification Burst fractures are categorized by the "severity of the deformity, ...
Burst fracture Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A burst fracture is a type of traumatic spinal injury in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load, with pieces of the vertebra shattering into surrounding tissues and sometimes the spinal canal.[1] # Classification Burst fractu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Burst_fracture
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wikidoc
Burton Richter
Burton Richter Burton Richter (born March 22 1931) is a Nobel Prize-winning American physicist. # Life A native of New York City, Richter was born in Brooklyn and was raised in the Queens neighborhood of Far Rockaway. He graduated from Far Rockaway High School, a school that also produced fellow laureates Baruch Samu...
Burton Richter Template:Infobox Scientist Burton Richter (born March 22 1931) is a Nobel Prize-winning American physicist. # Life A native of New York City, Richter was born in Brooklyn and was raised in the Queens neighborhood of Far Rockaway.[1] He graduated from Far Rockaway High School, a school that also produc...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Burton_Richter
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wikidoc
Buteyko method
Buteyko method The Buteyko Method, or Buteyko Breathing Technique is a holistic health philosophy, primarily for the treatment of asthma, that includes a set of breathing exercises developed by the late Russian doctor, Konstantin Pavlovich Buteyko (Russian: Бутейко). The method is taught as a complementary therapy and ...
Buteyko method The Buteyko Method, or Buteyko Breathing Technique is a holistic health philosophy, primarily for the treatment of asthma, that includes a set of breathing exercises developed by the late Russian doctor, Konstantin Pavlovich Buteyko (Russian: Бутейко). The method is taught as a complementary therapy and...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Buteyko_method
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wikidoc
Butterfly weed
Butterfly weed Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa, also called Canada root, Chigger flower, Chiggerflower, Fluxroot, Indian paintbrush, Indian posy, Orange milkweed, Orange Swallow-wort, Pleurisy root, Silky Swallow-wort, Tuber root, Yellow milkweed, White-root, Windroot) is a species of milkweed native to eastern Nor...
Butterfly weed Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa, also called Canada root, Chigger flower, Chiggerflower, Fluxroot, Indian paintbrush, Indian posy, Orange milkweed, Orange Swallow-wort, Pleurisy root, Silky Swallow-wort, Tuber root, Yellow milkweed, White-root, Windroot) is a species of milkweed native to eastern No...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Butterfly_weed
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wikidoc
Böhler’s angle
Böhler’s angle Synonyms and Keywords: Heel Bone Fracture # Overview The calcaneus bone known as the largest tarsal bone. # Historical Perspective In early 1990s,Lorenz Böhler (1885-1973) introduced the Böhler's angle. # Böhler’s angle Böhler’s angle (Bohler angle, Boehler angle, calcaneal angle, or tuber joint angl...
Böhler’s angle Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2]. Synonyms and Keywords: Heel Bone Fracture # Overview The calcaneus bone known as the largest tarsal bone[1]. # Historical Perspective In early 1990s,Lorenz Böhler (1885-1973) introduced...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/B%C3%B6hler%E2%80%99s_angle
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wikidoc
Candida krusei
Candida krusei Candida krusei is a budding yeast (a species of fungus) involved in chocolate production. While C. krusei is in the same genus as Candida albicans, the major cause of yeast infection in humans, it very rarely causes any problems to humans. # Role in chocolate production Cacao beans have to be fermented ...
Candida krusei Candida krusei is a budding yeast (a species of fungus) involved in chocolate production. While C. krusei is in the same genus as Candida albicans, the major cause of yeast infection in humans, it very rarely causes any problems to humans. # Role in chocolate production Cacao beans have to be fermented...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/C._Krusei
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wikidoc
CCDC88C (gene)
CCDC88C (gene) Coiled-coil domain containing 88C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC88C gene. # Function This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed coiled-coil domain-containing protein that interacts with the dishevelled protein and is a negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway. The protein enc...
CCDC88C (gene) Coiled-coil domain containing 88C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC88C gene. [1] # Function This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed coiled-coil domain-containing protein that interacts with the dishevelled protein and is a negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway. The protei...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CCDC88C_(gene)
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wikidoc
Ondine's curse
Ondine's curse Synonyms and keywords: Central Hypoventilaion Syndrome, primary alveolar hypoventilation, Haddad syndrome, Ondine-Hirschsprung disease, failure of autonomic control # Overview Ondine's Curse is a failure of the involuntary nervous system to trigger breathing while the patient is asleep, and as a result,...
Ondine's curse For patient information click here Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Central Hypoventilaion Syndrome, primary alveolar hypoventilation, Haddad syndrome, Ondine-Hirschsprung disease, failure of autonomic control # Overview Ondine's Curse is a failure of the involu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CCHS
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wikidoc
CD40 (protein)
CD40 (protein) Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 is a costimulatory protein found on antigen presenting cells and is required for their activation. The binding of CD154 (CD40L) on TH cells to CD40 activates antigen presenting cells and induces a variety of downstream effects. Deficiency can cause Hyper-IgM syndrome t...
CD40 (protein) Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 is a costimulatory protein found on antigen presenting cells and is required for their activation. The binding of CD154 (CD40L) on TH cells to CD40 activates antigen presenting cells and induces a variety of downstream effects. Deficiency can cause Hyper-IgM syndrome ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CD40
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wikidoc
CD64 (biology)
CD64 (biology) CD64 (Cluster of Differentiation 64) is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein known as an Fc receptor that binds monomeric IgG-type antibodies with high affinity. It is more commonly known as Fc-gamma receptor 1 (FcγRI). After binding IgG, CD64 interacts with an accessory chain known as the common γ...
CD64 (biology) CD64 (Cluster of Differentiation 64) is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein known as an Fc receptor that binds monomeric IgG-type antibodies with high affinity.[1] It is more commonly known as Fc-gamma receptor 1 (FcγRI). After binding IgG, CD64 interacts with an accessory chain known as the comm...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CD64_(biology)
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wikidoc
CNS depression
CNS depression CNS depression refers to physiological depression of the central nervous system, for example in propoxyphene poisoning. # CNS depressants What are CNS depressants? CNS depressants, sometimes referred to as sedatives and tranquilizers, are substances that can slow normal brain function. Because of this p...
CNS depression CNS depression refers to physiological depression of the central nervous system, for example in propoxyphene poisoning. # CNS depressants What are CNS depressants? CNS depressants, sometimes referred to as sedatives and tranquilizers, are substances that can slow normal brain function. Because of this ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CNS_depression
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wikidoc
Cardiac output
Cardiac output # Overview - Cardiac output (CO) is defined as the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in unit time. CO = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate Therefore, if there are 70 beats per minute, and 70 ml blood is ejected with each beat of the heart, the cardiac output is 4900 ml/minute. The normal cardiac outp...
Cardiac output Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby # Overview - Cardiac output (CO) is defined as the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in unit time. CO = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate Therefore, if there are 70 beats per minute, and 70 ml blood is ejec...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CO
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wikidoc
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide # Overview Carbon dioxide (chemical formula: CO2) is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state. It is currently at a globally averaged concentration of approx...
Carbon dioxide Template:Chembox new Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] # Overview Carbon dioxide (chemical formula: CO2) is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CO2
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wikidoc
COACH syndrome
COACH syndrome Synonyms and keywords: Joubert syndrome with hepatic defect; cerebellar vermis hypoplasia - oligophrenia - congenital ataxia - coloboma - hepatic fibrosis; gentile syndrome; Joubert syndrome with congenital hepatic fibrosis. # Overview Joubert syndrome with hepatic defect is a very rare subtype of Joube...
COACH syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Joubert syndrome with hepatic defect; cerebellar vermis hypoplasia - oligophrenia - congenital ataxia - coloboma - hepatic fibrosis; gentile syndrome; Joubert syndrome with congenital hepatic fibrosis. # Overview Joubert syndrome...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/COACH_syndrome
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wikidoc
Cyclooxygenase
Cyclooxygenase Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes, EC 1.14.99.1) that is responsible for formation of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid. Pharmaceutical inhi...
Cyclooxygenase Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes, EC 1.14.99.1) that is responsible for formation of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid.[3] Pharmaceutical ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/COX
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wikidoc
Cerebral shunt
Cerebral shunt # Overview Cerebral shunts are commonly used to treat hydrocephalus, the swelling of the brain due to excess buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If left unchecked, the cerebrospinal fluid can build up leading to an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) which can lead to intracranial hematoma, cerebr...
Cerebral shunt Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Cerebral shunts are commonly used to treat hydrocephalus, the swelling of the brain due to excess buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If left unchecked, the cerebrospinal fluid can build up leading to an increase in intracranial pressure (...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CSF_shunt_infection
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wikidoc
CT angiography
CT angiography # Overview - CT angiography is emerging as the imaging modality of choice to rule out significant coronary artery disease in patients with low pretest probablity of disease. Good negative predictive value of the test (Garcia et al., 2006) promises to obviate the need for cardiac catheterization in patie...
CT angiography Editors-In-Chief: Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, MD; Alexander Morss, MD; Roger J. Laham, MD; Melvin Clouse, MD # Overview - CT angiography is emerging as the imaging modality of choice to rule out significant coronary artery disease in patients with low pretest probablity of disease. Good negative predictive...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CTA
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wikidoc
Cadmium iodide
Cadmium iodide # Overview Cadmium iodide, CdI2, is a chemical compound of cadmium and iodine. It is notable for its crystal structure, which is typical for compounds of the form MX2 with strong polarization effects. # Crystal structure Cadmium iodide forms crystals with hexagonal symmetry. The iodide anions form a h...
Cadmium iodide Template:Chembox new # Overview Cadmium iodide, CdI2, is a chemical compound of cadmium and iodine. It is notable for its crystal structure, which is typical for compounds of the form MX2 with strong polarization effects. # Crystal structure Cadmium iodide forms crystals with hexagonal symmetry. The ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cadmium_iodide
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wikidoc
Caesium iodide
Caesium iodide Caesium iodide (CsI) is an ionic compound often used as the input phosphor of an x-ray image intensifier tube found in fluoroscopy equipment. An important application of caesium iodide crystals, which are scintillators, is electromagnetic calorimetry in experimental particle physics. Pure CsI is a fast a...
Caesium iodide Template:Chembox new Caesium iodide (CsI) is an ionic compound often used as the input phosphor of an x-ray image intensifier tube found in fluoroscopy equipment. An important application of caesium iodide crystals, which are scintillators, is electromagnetic calorimetry in experimental particle physics...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Caesium_iodide
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wikidoc
Camphoric acid
Camphoric acid Camphoric acid, C10H16O4 or in Latin form Acidum camphoricum, is a white crystallisable substance obtained from the oxidation of camphor, it exists in three optically different forms; dextrorotatory one is obtained by the oxidation of dextrorotatory camphor and used in pharmaceuticals. # History Acidum ...
Camphoric acid Camphoric acid, C10H16O4 or in Latin form Acidum camphoricum, is a white crystallisable substance obtained from the oxidation of camphor, it exists in three optically different forms; dextrorotatory one is obtained by the oxidation of dextrorotatory camphor and used in pharmaceuticals. # History Acidum...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Camphoric_acid
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wikidoc
Candy flipping
Candy flipping Candy flipping is a colloquial term, or drug slang, which refers to the psychoactive experience of combining LSD and MDMA (or MDA, a related substance). These two chemicals have been used separately in past psychoanalytical and psychotheraputic experiments and even treatment. Together, these substances a...
Candy flipping Candy flipping is a colloquial term, or drug slang, which refers to the psychoactive experience of combining LSD and MDMA[1] (or MDA, a related substance). These two chemicals have been used separately in past psychoanalytical and psychotheraputic experiments and even treatment. Together, these substanc...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Candy_flipping
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wikidoc
Cantharellales
Cantharellales The order Cantharellales is a group of fungi that includes the chanterelles, the tooth fungi, and some club fungi. Their hymenium consists of thick gill-like folds, spines, or in some cases an almost smooth surface. It was once thought to be a 'transition group' to the true gill-fungi (Agaricales) becau...
Cantharellales The order Cantharellales is a group of fungi that includes the chanterelles, the tooth fungi, and some club fungi. Their hymenium consists of thick gill-like folds, spines, or in some cases an almost smooth surface. It was once thought to be a 'transition group' to the true gill-fungi (Agaricales) beca...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cantharellales
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wikidoc
Cantu syndrome
Cantu syndrome # Overview Cantú syndrome is a rare condition characterized by hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia and cardiomegaly. # Historical Perspective This condition was first described by Cantu at al in 1982. # Epidemiology and Demographics Less than 50 cases have been described in the literature. # Natura...
Cantu syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2] # Overview Cantú syndrome is a rare condition characterized by hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia and cardiomegaly.[1][2] # Historical Perspective This condition was first described by Cantu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cantu_syndrome
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wikidoc
Capitalization
Capitalization # Overview Widely used style guides regarding capitalization of titles and headings include the Gregg Reference Manual, the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago Style), the American Psychological Association (APA Style), and the Modern Language Association (MLA Style). # General Recommendations - Always ca...
Capitalization Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Widely used style guides regarding capitalization of titles and headings include the Gregg Reference Manual, the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago Style), the American Psychological Association (APA Style), and the Modern Language Association...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Capitalization
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wikidoc
Greenhouse gas
Greenhouse gas # Overview Greenhouse gases are the gases present in the atmosphere which reduce the loss of heat into space and therefore contribute to global temperatures through the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases are essential to maintaining the temperature of the Earth; without them the planet would be so cold...
Greenhouse gas Template:Sprotect2 # Overview Greenhouse gases are the gases present in the atmosphere which reduce the loss of heat into space and therefore contribute to global temperatures through the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases are essential to maintaining the temperature of the Earth; without them the pla...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbon_emissions
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wikidoc
Carbon neutral
Carbon neutral Being carbon neutral, or carbon neutrality, refers to neutral (meaning zero) total carbon release, brought about by balancing the amount of carbon released with the amount sequestered or offset. Various special interests attempt to promote a use of the term that refers to carbon reduction, which is clea...
Carbon neutral Being carbon neutral, or carbon neutrality, refers to neutral (meaning zero) total carbon release, brought about by balancing the amount of carbon released with the amount sequestered or offset. Various special interests attempt to promote a use of the term that refers to carbon reduction, which is cle...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbon_neutral
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wikidoc
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenesis # Overview Carcinogenesis (meaning literally, the creation of cancer) is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. Cell division is a physiological process that occurs in almost all tissues and under many circumstances. Normally, the balance between proliferation and programme...
Carcinogenesis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Carcinogenesis (meaning literally, the creation of cancer) is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. Cell division is a physiological process that occurs in almost all tissues and under many circumstances. Norma...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carcinogenesis
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wikidoc
Carcinomatosis
Carcinomatosis # Overview Carcinosis, or carcinomatosis, is disseminated cancer, forms of metastasis, whether used generally or in specific patterns of spread. # Usage Carcinomatosis is often restricted to tumors of epithelial origin, adenocarcinomas, while sarcomatosis describes the dissemination of tumors of mesenc...
Carcinomatosis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Carcinosis, or carcinomatosis, is disseminated cancer, forms of metastasis, whether used generally or in specific patterns of spread. # Usage Carcinomatosis is often restricted to tumors of epithelial origin, adenocarcinomas, while sarcomat...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carcinomatosis
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wikidoc
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid cancer # Overview Thyroid cancer refers to any of four kinds of tumors of the thyroid gland which include papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic tumors. Papillary and follicular tumors are the most common and are usually benign. Papillary and follicular tumors have a slow growth and may recur, but ar...
Thyroid cancer Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [3] Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[4] # Overview Thyroid cancer refers to any of four kinds of tumors of the thyroid gland which include papillary,...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carcinosarcoma_of_the_thyroid
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wikidoc
Cardiac marker
Cardiac marker # Overview Medical tests that are often referred to as cardiac markers include: - cardiac troponin (the most sensitive and specific test for myocardial damage) - creatine kinase (CK, also known as phosphocreatine kinase or creatine phosphokinase) - Aspartate transaminase (AST, also called Glutamic Oxalo...
Cardiac marker Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Medical tests that are often referred to as cardiac markers include: - cardiac troponin (the most sensitive and specific test for myocardial damage) - creatine kinase (CK, also known as phosphocreatine kinase...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiac_enzymes
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wikidoc
Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle # Overview - Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the myocardium. - Cardiac muscle is one of three major types of muscle, the others being skeletal and smooth muscle. - Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells during systole propel blood out of the atria ...
Cardiac muscle Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby # Overview - Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the myocardium. - Cardiac muscle is one of three major types of muscle, the others being skele...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiac_muscle
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wikidoc
Cardiac plexus
Cardiac plexus The cardiac plexus is a plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervate the heart. # Structure The cardiac plexus is divided into a superficial part, which lies in the concavity of the aortic arch, and a deep part, between the aortic arch and the trachea. The two parts are, however, cl...
Cardiac plexus Template:Infobox Nerve Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The cardiac plexus is a plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervate the heart. # Structure The cardiac plexus is divided into a superficial part, which lies in the concavity of the aortic arch, and a deep pa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiac_plexus
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wikidoc
Cardiotoxicity
Cardiotoxicity # Overview Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart muscle damage. The heart becomes weaker and is not as efficient in pumping and therefore circulating blood. Cardiotoxicity may be caused by chemotherapy treatment, complications from anorexia nervosa, drugs or chemical toxins. # Cobalt - Congestive h...
Cardiotoxicity Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor in Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] # Overview Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart muscle damage. The heart becomes weaker and is not as efficient in pumping and therefore circulating blood. Cardiotoxicity may be caused by ch...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiac_toxins
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wikidoc
Carglumic acid
Carglumic acid # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDo...
Carglumic acid Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of he...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carglumic_acid
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wikidoc
Caries vaccine
Caries vaccine # Overview The caries vaccine is a bacterial vaccine, currently under development, to prevent and protect against tooth decay. Streptococcus mutans has been identified as the major etiological agent of human dental caries. Several types of vaccines are being developed at research centers. Development of...
Caries vaccine # Overview The caries vaccine is a bacterial vaccine, currently under development, to prevent and protect against tooth decay.[1] Streptococcus mutans has been identified as the major etiological agent of human dental caries. Several types of vaccines are being developed at research centers. Development...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Caries_vaccine
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wikidoc
Carnett's test
Carnett's test In the evaluation of abdominal pain, a positive Carnett's test may indicate that the abdominal wall is the source of pain. In an uncontrolled case series of 1116 patients with Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (ACNES), 87% had a positive Carnett's test. A study of acute pain in the emergency ...
Carnett's test In the evaluation of abdominal pain, a positive Carnett's test may indicate that the abdominal wall is the source of pain.[1] [2] In an uncontrolled case series of 1116 patients with Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (ACNES), 87% had a positive Carnett's test[3]. A study of acute pain in the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carnett%27s_test
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wikidoc
Carney complex
Carney complex # Overview Carney complex is an autosomal dominant condition comprising myxomas of the heart and skin, hyperpigmentation of the skin (lentiginosis), and endocrine overactivity (Carney et al, 1985; McCarthy et al, 1986). It must be differentiated from Carney syndrome (also known as Carney triad). Approxi...
Carney complex Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Carney complex is an autosomal dominant condition comprising myxomas of the heart and skin, hyperpigmentation of the skin (lentiginosis), and endocrine overactivity (Carney et al, 1985; McCarthy et al, 1986). It must be differentiated from C...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carney_complex
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wikidoc
Carotenodermia
Carotenodermia # Overview Carotenodermia (also carotenaemia, carotenemia or hypercarotenemia) is a yellowish/orange discoloration of the skin, most often occurring in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet as a result of high levels of carotene in the body. It is most commonly found in vegetarians. It is also...
Carotenodermia Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] # Overview Carotenodermia (also carotenaemia, carotenemia or hypercarotenemia) is a yellowish/orange discoloration of the skin, most often occurring in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carotenemia
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wikidoc
Tracheal rings
Tracheal rings The cartilages of the trachea (or tracheal rings) vary from sixteen to twenty in number: each forms an imperfect ring, which occupies the anterior two-thirds or so of the circumference of the trachea, being deficient behind, where the tube is completed by fibrous tissue and unstriped muscular fibers. # ...
Tracheal rings Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The cartilages of the trachea (or tracheal rings) vary from sixteen to twenty in number: each forms an imperfect ring, which occupies the anterior two-thirds or so of the circumference of the trachea, being deficient behind, whe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cartilages_of_the_trachea
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wikidoc
Castell's sign
Castell's sign # Overview Castell's sign is a medical sign assessed to evaluate splenomegaly and typically part of an abdominal examination. # Historical Perspective Donald O. Castell first described his sign in the 1967 paper, “The Spleen Percussion Sign” published in Annals of Internal Medicine. Castell, a George W...
Castell's sign Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Castell's sign is a medical sign assessed to evaluate splenomegaly and typically part of an abdominal examination. # Historical Perspective Donald O. Castell first described his sign in the 1967 paper, “The Spleen Percussion Sign” published...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Castell%27s_sign
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wikidoc
Cayenne pepper
Cayenne pepper The Cayenne is a red, hot chili pepper used to flavor dishes, and for medicinal purposes. Named for the city of Cayenne in French Guiana, it is a cultivar of Capsicum annuum related to bell peppers, jalapeños, and others. The Capsicum genus is in the nightshade family (Solanaceae). The fruits are genera...
Cayenne pepper Template:Pepper The Cayenne is a red, hot chili pepper used to flavor dishes, and for medicinal purposes. Named for the city of Cayenne in French Guiana, it is a cultivar of Capsicum annuum related to bell peppers, jalapeños, and others. The Capsicum genus is in the nightshade family (Solanaceae). The ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cayenne_pepper
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wikidoc
Celiac ganglia
Celiac ganglia The Celiac Ganglia (semilunar ganglia) are two large irregularly shaped masses having the appearance of lymph glands and placed one on either side of the middle line in front of the crura of the diaphragm close to the suprarenal glands, that on the right side being placed behind the inferior vena cava. T...
Celiac ganglia Template:Infobox Nerve Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The Celiac Ganglia (semilunar ganglia) are two large irregularly shaped masses having the appearance of lymph glands and placed one on either side of the middle line in front of the crura of the diaphragm close to the suprarenal g...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Celiac_ganglia
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wikidoc
Cell signaling
Cell signaling Synonyms and keywords: Cell signaling pathways # Overview Cell signaling is part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their microenvironment is the basis of development, tissue...
Cell signaling Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Cell signaling pathways # Overview Cell signaling is part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cell_Signaling_Networks
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wikidoc
Center of mass
Center of mass Lua error in Module:Redirect at line 65: could not parse redirect on page "Center of gravity". In physics, the center of mass of a system of particles is a specific point at which, for many purposes, the system's mass behaves as if it were concentrated. The center of mass is a function only of the positi...
Center of mass Lua error in Module:Redirect at line 65: could not parse redirect on page "Center of gravity". In physics, the center of mass of a system of particles is a specific point at which, for many purposes, the system's mass behaves as if it were concentrated. The center of mass is a function only of the posit...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Center_of_gravity
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wikidoc
Central moment
Central moment In probability theory and statistics, the kth moment about the mean (or kth central moment) of a real-valued random variable X is the quantity E)k], where E is the expectation operator. Some random variables have no mean, in which case the moment about the mean is not defined. The kth moment about the me...
Central moment In probability theory and statistics, the kth moment about the mean (or kth central moment) of a real-valued random variable X is the quantity E[(X − E[X])k], where E is the expectation operator. Some random variables have no mean, in which case the moment about the mean is not defined. The kth moment a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Central_moment
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wikidoc
Cephalhematoma
Cephalhematoma Synonyms and keywords: Cephalhaematoma # Overview A cephalhematoma is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of a newborn baby secondary to rupture of blood vessels crossing the periosteum. Because the swelling is subperiosteal its boundaries are limited by the individual bones, in ...
Cephalhematoma Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Assosciate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S Synonyms and keywords: Cephalhaematoma # Overview A cephalhematoma is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of a newborn baby secondary to ru...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cephalhaematoma
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wikidoc
Cephalic index
Cephalic index Cephalic index is the ratio of the maximum width of the head to its maximum length (i.e., in the horizontal plane, or front to back), sometimes multiplied by 100 for convenience. It was once widely used to categorize human populations, but is no longer used for that purpose except for describing individ...
Cephalic index Cephalic index is the ratio of the maximum width of the head to its maximum length (i.e., in the horizontal plane, or front to back), sometimes multiplied by 100 for convenience. It was once widely used to categorize human populations, but is no longer used for that purpose except for describing indivi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cephalic_index
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wikidoc
Sotos syndrome
Sotos syndrome # Overview Sotos syndrome (also known as cerebral gigantism) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by excessive physical growth during the first 2 to 3 years of life. The disorder may be accompanied by mild mental retardation, delayed motor, cognitive, and social development, hypotonia (low muscle to...
Sotos syndrome # Overview Sotos syndrome (also known as cerebral gigantism) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by excessive physical growth during the first 2 to 3 years of life. The disorder may be accompanied by mild mental retardation, delayed motor, cognitive, and social development, hypotonia (low muscle to...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cerebral_gigantism
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wikidoc
Cerium oxalate
Cerium oxalate # Overview Cerium(III) oxalate or cerous oxalate is the inorganic cerium salt of oxalic acid. It is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula of Ce2(C2O4)3. It could be obtained by the reaction of oxalic acid with cerium(III) chloride. # Uses Cerium(III) oxalate is used as an antiemetic. It h...
Cerium oxalate Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Cerium(III) oxalate or cerous oxalate is the inorganic cerium salt of oxalic acid. It is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula of Ce2(C2O4)3. It could be obtained by the reaction of oxalic acid with cerium(III) chloride. # Use...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cerium_oxalate
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wikidoc
Cohen syndrome
Cohen syndrome Synonyms and keywords: Pepper syndrome, Cervenka syndrome, Hypotonia obesity and prominent incisors, Norio syndrome, Obesity-hypotonia syndrome, Prominent incisors-obesity-hypotonia syndrome # Overview Cohen syndrome is characterized by obesity, mental retardation and craniofacial dysmorphism. # Histor...
Cohen syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Pepper syndrome, Cervenka syndrome, Hypotonia obesity and prominent incisors, Norio syndrome, Obesity-hypotonia syndrome, Prominent incisors-obesity-hypotonia syndrome # Overview Cohen syndrome is characterized by obesity, mental...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cervenka_syndrome
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wikidoc
Cervical polyp
Cervical polyp Synonyms and keywords: Polypoid cervical lesion; Cervical polypoid lesion; Polypoid cervical growth # Overview Cervical polyps are defined as polypoid benign overgrowths of endocervical tissue. Usually, cervical polyps are growths projecting into the cervical canal. Cervical polyps are the most common c...
Cervical polyp Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2] Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [3] Synonyms and keywords: Polypoid cervical lesion; Cervical polypoid lesion; Polypoid cervical growth # Overview Cervical polyps are defined as polypoid benign o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cervical_polyp
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wikidoc
Cervical sinus
Cervical sinus The mandibular and hyoid arches grow more rapidly than those behind them, with the result that the latter become, to a certain extent, telescoped within the former, and a deep depression, the cervical sinus, is formed on either side of the neck. This sinus is bounded in front by the hyoid arch, and behin...
Cervical sinus Template:Infobox Embryology Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The mandibular and hyoid arches grow more rapidly than those behind them, with the result that the latter become, to a certain extent, telescoped within the former, and a deep depression, the cervical sinus, is formed on eith...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cervical_sinus
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wikidoc
Chaga mushroom
Chaga mushroom The Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus), also known as tinder mushroom, is a fungus in Hymenochaetaceae family. It is a parasitic fungus of the Birch and other trees. The sterile conk is irregularly formed and has the appearance of burnt charcoal. It causes the tree's death in 5-7 years, and is known as "...
Chaga mushroom The Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus), also known as tinder mushroom, is a fungus in Hymenochaetaceae family. It is a parasitic fungus of the Birch and other trees. The sterile conk is irregularly formed and has the appearance of burnt charcoal. It causes the tree's death in 5-7 years, and is known as ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chaga_mushroom
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wikidoc
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing # Overview DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a strand of DNA. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing metho...
DNA sequencing Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a stra...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chain_termination_method
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wikidoc
Charge carrier
Charge carrier In physics, a charge carrier denotes a free (mobile, unbound) particle carrying an electric charge. Examples are electrons and ions. In semiconductor physics, the travelling vacancies in the valence-band electron population (holes) are treated as charge carriers. In ionic solutions, the charge carriers ...
Charge carrier In physics, a charge carrier denotes a free (mobile, unbound) particle carrying an electric charge. Examples are electrons and ions. In semiconductor physics, the travelling vacancies in the valence-band electron population (holes) are treated as charge carriers. In ionic solutions, the charge carriers...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Charge_carrier