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Amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid # Background Amniotic fluid is the watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The amnion grows and begins to fill, mainly with water, around ...
Amniotic fluid Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Background Amniotic fluid is the watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The amnion ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amniotic_fluid
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Amphiarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis # Overview Amphiarthrosis is a type of continous joint. In Amphiarthroses (slightly movable articulations), the contiguous bony surfaces are either: - symphysis: connected by broad flattened disks of fibrocartilage, of a more or less complex structure, as in the articulations between the bodies of the v...
Amphiarthrosis Template:Infobox Anatomy # Overview Amphiarthrosis is a type of continous joint. In Amphiarthroses (slightly movable articulations), the contiguous bony surfaces are either: - symphysis: connected by broad flattened disks of fibrocartilage, of a more or less complex structure, as in the articulations b...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amphiarthrodial
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Nephrotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity Nephrotoxicity is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medication, on the kidney. There are various forms of toxicity. Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with the fact that some medications have a predominantly renal excretion and need their dose adjusted for the decreased ...
Nephrotoxicity Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Nephrotoxicity is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medication, on the kidney. There are various forms of toxicity. [2] Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with the fact that some medications have a predominantly renal ex...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amphotericin_B_Nephrotoxicity
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Amputation toe
Amputation toe In addition to the common indications for any amputation (e.g., infection, arteriosclerosis with gangrene, etc.), specific indications for toe amputations exist as well. For example, the fifth toe (the most commonly amputated toe) is usually removed for being overriding on the fourth toe. This toe can be...
Amputation toe In addition to the common indications for any amputation (e.g., infection, arteriosclerosis with gangrene, etc.), specific indications for toe amputations exist as well. For example, the fifth toe (the most commonly amputated toe) is usually removed for being overriding on the fourth toe. This toe can b...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amputation_toe
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Anal cleansing
Anal cleansing # Overview Anal cleansing is the important hygienic practice of cleaning the anus after defecation. The anus and buttocks may be cleansed with toilet paper or similar paper products, especially in many Western countries. Elsewhere, water may be used (using a jet, as with a bidet, or splashed and washed...
Anal cleansing # Overview Anal cleansing is the important [1] hygienic practice of cleaning the anus after defecation. The anus and buttocks may be cleansed with toilet paper or similar paper products, especially in many Western countries. Elsewhere, water may be used (using a jet, as with a bidet[2], or splashed and ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anal_cleansing
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Anal dysplasia
Anal dysplasia # Overview Anal dysplasia is a pre-cancerous condition which occurs when the lining of the anal canal undergoes abnormal changes. It can be classified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) Most cases are not associated with symptom...
Anal dysplasia Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Anal dysplasia is a pre-cancerous condition which occurs when the lining of the anal canal undergoes abnormal changes. It can be classified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anal_dysplasia
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Anal retentive
Anal retentive The term anal-retentive (or anally retentive, anal retentive) derives from Freudian Psychology, although in common usage the original meaning has been altered. This term is an extension of anal, and can be used interchangeably. # Common usage Conversationally, the term is often used to describe a pers...
Anal retentive The term anal-retentive (or anally retentive, anal retentive) derives from Freudian Psychology, although in common usage the original meaning has been altered. This term is an extension of anal, and can be used interchangeably. # Common usage Conversationally, the term is often used to describe a per...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anal_fixation
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Andexanet alfa
Andexanet alfa # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDo...
Andexanet alfa Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yashasvi Aryaputra[2], Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[3] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Andexanet_alfa
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Andrew Schally
Andrew Schally Andrzej Viktor Schally, also known as Andrew V. Schally, born november 30 1926 in Wilno, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania), is an endocrinologist and Nobel Prize laureate (1977) in Medicine. # Life Born in Poland, Andrew Schally received his education in Scotland and England. In 1952, he moved to Canada. ...
Andrew Schally Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Andrzej Viktor Schally, also known as Andrew V. Schally, born november 30 1926 in Wilno, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania), is an endocrinologist and Nobel Prize laureate (1977) in Medicine. # Life Born in Poland, Andrew Schally received his education in...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Andrew_Schally
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Calcium iodide
Calcium iodide # Overview Calcium iodide (CaI2) is an ionic compound of calcium and iodine. It is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. It is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide. Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers. It...
Calcium iodide Template:Chembox new # Overview Calcium iodide (CaI2) is an ionic compound of calcium and iodine. It is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. It is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide. Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anhydrous_calcium_iodide
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Animal testing
Animal testing Animal testing or animal research refers to the use of animals in experiments. It is estimated that 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide — from zebrafish to non-human primates — are used annually and either killed during the experiments or subsequently euthanized. Although much larger numbers...
Animal testing Animal testing or animal research refers to the use of animals in experiments. It is estimated that 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide [4][5][6] — from zebrafish to non-human primates — are used annually and either killed during the experiments or subsequently euthanized. Although much larg...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Animal_experimentation
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Ankle fracture
Ankle fracture # Overview The ankle joint is consisted of 2 different joints: 1: The true ankle joint (Responsible for the dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movements of the ankle joint): It is consisted of three bone: a: The tibia (medial ankle) b: The fibula (lateral ankle) c: The talus (the floor upon which the tibi...
Ankle fracture Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2]. # Overview[1][2][3] The ankle joint is consisted of 2 different joints: 1: The true ankle joint (Responsible for the dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movements of the ankle joint): It is ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ankle_fracture
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Sprained ankle
Sprained ankle Synonyms and keywords: Ankle sprain; ankle injury; ankle ligament injury # Overview A sprained ankle is a common medical condition where one or more of the ligaments of the ankle is/are stretched, partially or completely torn. Ankle sprains are more common among physically active individuals. The anteri...
Sprained ankle Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Javaria Anwer M.D.[2] Synonyms and keywords: Ankle sprain; ankle injury; ankle ligament injury # Overview A sprained ankle is a common medical condition where one or more of the ligaments of the ankle is/are stretched, pa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ankle_injury
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Ankyrin repeat
Ankyrin repeat # Overview The ankyrin repeat is a 33-residue motif in proteins consisting of two alpha helices separated by loops, first discovered in signaling proteins in yeast Cdc10 and Drosophila Notch. Ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and are among the most common structural motifs in known pr...
Ankyrin repeat # Overview The ankyrin repeat is a 33-residue motif in proteins consisting of two alpha helices separated by loops, first discovered in signaling proteins in yeast Cdc10 and Drosophila Notch. Ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and are among the most common structural motifs in known pr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ankyrin_repeat
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Anthropometric
Anthropometric Anthropometry (Greek ἄνθρωπος, man, and μέτρον, measure, literally meaning "measurement of humans"), in physical anthropology, refers to the measurement of living human individuals for the purposes of understanding human physical variation. Today, anthropometry plays an important role in industrial desig...
Anthropometric Anthropometry (Greek ἄνθρωπος, man, and μέτρον, measure, literally meaning "measurement of humans"), in physical anthropology, refers to the measurement of living human individuals for the purposes of understanding human physical variation. Today, anthropometry plays an important role in industrial desi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anthropometric
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Drug addiction
Drug addiction # Overview Drug addiction is widely considered a pathological state.The disorder of addiction involves the progression of acute drug use to the development of drug-seeking behavior, the vulnerability to relapse, and the decreased, slowed ability to respond to naturally rewarding stimuli. The Diagnostic ...
Drug addiction Template:Drugabuse Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Drug addiction is widely considered a pathological state.The disorder of addiction involves the progression of acute drug use to the development of drug-seeking behavior, the vulnerability to relapse, and the decreased, sl...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anti-addictive
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Anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsant The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. More and more, anticonvulsants are also finding ways into the treatment of bipolar disorder, since many seem to act as mood stabilizers. The ...
Anticonvulsant Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. More and more, anticonvulsants are also finding ways into the treatment of bipolar disord...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anti-convulsant
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Antidiarrhoeal
Antidiarrhoeal # Overview An antidiarrhoeal drug is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea. # Types - Electrolyte solutions are used to replace lost fluids and salts in acute cases. - Bulking agents like methylcellulose, guar gum or plant fibre (bran, sterculia, ispaghul, etc.) are used for di...
Antidiarrhoeal # Overview An antidiarrhoeal drug is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea. # Types - Electrolyte solutions are used to replace lost fluids and salts in acute cases. - Bulking agents like methylcellulose, guar gum or plant fibre (bran, sterculia, ispaghul, etc.) are used for di...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anti-diarrheal
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Antimetabolite
Antimetabolite # Overview An antimetabolite is a chemical with a similar structure to a substance (a metabolite) required for normal biochemical reactions, yet different enough to interfere with the normal functions of cells, including cell division. # Function ## Cancer treatment Antimetabolites can be used in canc...
Antimetabolite # Overview An antimetabolite is a chemical with a similar structure to a substance (a metabolite) required for normal biochemical reactions, yet different enough to interfere with the normal functions of cells, including cell division. # Function ## Cancer treatment Antimetabolites can be used in canc...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anti-metabolite
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Antineoplastic
Antineoplastic # Overview Antineoplastics (or "antitumor antibiotics", or "noncovalent DNA-binding drugs", or "cytotoxic antibiotics", see also neoplastics) are drugs that inhibit and combat the development of tumors. In the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, they are classified under L01D. # Heal...
Antineoplastic # Overview Antineoplastics (or "antitumor antibiotics", or "noncovalent DNA-binding drugs", or "cytotoxic antibiotics", see also neoplastics) are drugs that inhibit and combat the development of tumors. In the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, they are classified under L01D. # Heal...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anti-mitotic
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Antiaggregants
Antiaggregants # Prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis Treatment of established arterial thrombosis includes the use of Antiplatelet drugs and thrombolytic therapy. Antiplatelet drugs Alter the platelet activation at the site of vascular damage crucial to the development of arterial thrombosis. Aspirin irrev...
Antiaggregants # Prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis Treatment of established arterial thrombosis includes the use of Antiplatelet drugs and thrombolytic therapy. Antiplatelet drugs Alter the platelet activation at the site of vascular damage crucial to the development of arterial thrombosis. Aspirin irrev...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antiaggregants
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Antiangiogenic
Antiangiogenic Antiangiogenic refers to a chemical or biological agent that inhibits or greatly reduces formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). These agents are sometimes used to combat cancer by starving tumors of the blood needed to grow and spread. The pharmaceutical thalidomide is such an antiangiogenic agen...
Antiangiogenic Template:WikiDoc Cardiology News Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Antiangiogenic refers to a chemical or biological agent that inhibits or greatly reduces formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). These agents are sometimes used to combat cancer by starving tumors of the blood nee...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antiangiogenic
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Anticarcinogen
Anticarcinogen # Overview An anticarcinogen is any chemical which reduces the occurrence of cancers, reduces the severity of cancers that do occur, or acts against cancers that do occur, based on evidence from in vitro studies, animal models, epidemiological studies and/or clinical studies. Preventative anticarcinogen...
Anticarcinogen # Overview An anticarcinogen is any chemical which reduces the occurrence of cancers, reduces the severity of cancers that do occur, or acts against cancers that do occur, based on evidence from in vitro studies, animal models, epidemiological studies and/or clinical studies. Preventative anticarcinogen...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anticarcinogen
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Antimicrobials
Antimicrobials An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Antimicrobial drugs either kill microbes (microbicidal) or prevent the growth of microbes (microbistatic). The history of antimicrobials begins with the observations of Pasteur and Joubert, ...
Antimicrobials An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Antimicrobial drugs either kill microbes (microbicidal) or prevent the growth of microbes (microbistatic). The history of antimicrobials begins with the observations of Pasteur and Joubert,...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antimicrobials
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Antineoplaston
Antineoplaston # Overview Antineoplaston (ANP) is a name used by Stanislaw Burzynski for a group of chemical compounds and mixtures for which he claims anti-cancer activity. These compounds have been sold and administered by Burzynski to cancer patients since 1986; clinical efficacy has not been demonstrated and sever...
Antineoplaston # Overview Antineoplaston (ANP) is a name used by Stanislaw Burzynski for a group of chemical compounds and mixtures for which he claims anti-cancer activity. These compounds have been sold and administered by Burzynski to cancer patients since 1986; clinical efficacy has not been demonstrated and sever...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antineoplaston
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Antipsychiatry
Antipsychiatry # Overview Anti-psychiatry usually refers to a movement that emerged in the 1960s hostile to most of the fundamental assumptions and common practices of psychiatry. The igniting influences for this configuration of groups and theories were Michel Foucault, R.D. Laing and Thomas Szasz. The term anti-psyc...
Antipsychiatry Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3] # Overview Anti-psychiatry usually refers to a movement that emerged in the 1960s hostile to most of the fundamental assumptions and common practices of psychiatry. The igniting influences for this configuration of groups and theories were Michel Fouca...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antipsychiatry
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Exocrine gland
Exocrine gland Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (enzymes) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands). # Examples Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mam...
Exocrine gland Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753 Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (enzymes) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Apocrine_gland
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Apolipoprotein
Apolipoprotein # Overview Apolipoproteins are lipid-binding proteins which are the constituents of the plasma lipoproteins, sub-microscopic spherical particles that transport dietary lipids through the bloodstream from the intestine to the liver, and endogenously synthesized lipids from the liver to tissues that can s...
Apolipoprotein Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Apolipoproteins are lipid-binding proteins which are the constituents of the plasma lipoproteins, sub-microscopic spherical particles that transport dietary lipids through the bloodstream from the intestine to the liver, and endogenously syn...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Apolipoprotein
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Apotemnophilia
Apotemnophilia Apotemnophilia is the erotic interest in being or looking like an amputee. It should not be confused with acrotomophilia, which is the erotic interest in people who are amputees. When experienced very strongly, some people with apotemnophilia come to feel discontented with their bodies and want to actual...
Apotemnophilia Apotemnophilia is the erotic interest in being or looking like an amputee.[1][2] It should not be confused with acrotomophilia, which is the erotic interest in people who are amputees.[3] When experienced very strongly, some people with apotemnophilia come to feel discontented with their bodies and want...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Apotemnophilia
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Apparent death
Apparent death # Overview Animals have several mechanisms for giving the appearance of being dead. # Tonic immobility Tonic immobility is a natural state of paralysis that animals enter, in most cases when presented with a threat. Some sharks can be placed in a tonic immobility state by turning them upside down. The ...
Apparent death Template:Tooshort # Overview Animals have several mechanisms for giving the appearance of being dead. # Tonic immobility Tonic immobility is a natural state of paralysis that animals enter, in most cases when presented with a threat. Some sharks can be placed in a tonic immobility state by turning the...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Apparent_death
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Protic solvent
Protic solvent Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the enti...
Protic solvent Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aprotic_solvent
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Aqueous humour
Aqueous humour # Overview The aqueous humour is a thick watery substance that is located in the eye. # Locations The anterior segment is the front third of the eye that includes the structures in front of the vitreous humour: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens. Within the anterior segment are two fluid-filled s...
Aqueous humour Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The aqueous humour is a thick watery substance that is located in the eye. # Locations The anterior segment is the front third of the eye that includes the structures in front of the vitreous humour: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aqueous_humor
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Arachnodactyly
Arachnodactyly Arachnodactyly, also known as spider fingers refers to abnormally long and slender fingers. Toes and feet are also usually affected. # Differential Diagnosis of Diseases Associated with Arachnodactyly In alphabetical order: - Achard Syndrome - Homocystinuria - Lutembacher's Syndrome - Marfan's Syndrom...
Arachnodactyly Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Arachnodactyly, also known as spider fingers refers to abnormally long and slender fingers. Toes and feet are also usually affected. # Differential Diagnosis of Diseases Associated with Arachnodactyly In alphabetical order: [1] [2] - Achard Syndrome - ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arachnodactyly
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Archaeplastida
Archaeplastida The Archaeplastida or Primoplantae are a major line of eukaryotes, comprising the land plants, green and red algae, and a small group called the glaucophytes. All of these organisms have plastids surrounded by two membranes, suggesting they developed directly from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. In all ot...
Archaeplastida The Archaeplastida or Primoplantae are a major line of eukaryotes, comprising the land plants, green and red algae, and a small group called the glaucophytes. All of these organisms have plastids surrounded by two membranes, suggesting they developed directly from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. In all o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Archaeplastida
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Arcuate uterus
Arcuate uterus # Overview The arcuate uterus is a form of a uterine anomaly or variation where the uterine fundus displays a concave contour towards the uterine cavity. Normally the fundus of the uterus is straight or convex on anterior-posterior imaging but in the arcuate uterus it dips into the cavity and may form a...
Arcuate uterus Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The arcuate uterus is a form of a uterine anomaly or variation where the uterine fundus displays a concave contour towards the uterine cavity. Normally the fundus of the uterus is straight or convex on anterior-posterior imaging but in the a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arcuate_uterus
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Artemisia afra
Artemisia afra Artemisia afra is a common species of the genus Artemisia in Africa, with a wide distribution from South Africa, to areas reaching to the North and East, as far north as Ethiopia. Artemisia afra is the only indigenous species in this genus. Artemisia afra grows in clumps, with ridged, woody stems, reach...
Artemisia afra Artemisia afra is a common species of the genus Artemisia in Africa, with a wide distribution from South Africa, to areas reaching to the North and East, as far north as Ethiopia. Artemisia afra is the only indigenous species in this genus. Artemisia afra grows in clumps, with ridged, woody stems, reac...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Artemisia_afra
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Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine # Overview Norepinephrine (INN) (abbreviated norepi or NE) -r noradrenaline (BAN) (abbreviated NA or NAd) is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. As a stress hormone, norepinephrine affects parts of the brain where attention and responding actions are contr...
Norepinephrine Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Norepinephrine (INN) (abbreviated norepi or NE) or noradrenaline (BAN) (abbreviated NA or NAd) is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter.[2] As a stress hormone, norepinephrine affects parts of the...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arterenol
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wikidoc
Arterial bruit
Arterial bruit Synonyms and keywords: arterial murmur # Overview Arterial bruits is the term for the unusual swishing sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction (called turbulent flow) in an artery when the sound is auscultated with the bell portion of a stethoscope. # Causes ## Life Threatening Cause...
Arterial bruit Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2] Synonyms and keywords: arterial murmur # Overview Arterial bruits is the term for the unusual swishing sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction (called turbulent flow) i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arterial_Bruit
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wikidoc
Blood pressure
Blood pressure # Overview Blood pressure (strictly speaking: vascular pressure) refers to the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and constitutes one of the principal vital signs. The pressure of the circulating blood decreases as blood moves through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, an...
Blood pressure Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Blood pressure (strictly speaking: vascular pressure) refers to the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and constitutes one of the principal vital signs. The pressure of the circulating blood decreases as blood...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arterial_blood_pressure
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Arteriogenesis
Arteriogenesis Arteriogenesis refers to an increase in the diameter of existing arterial vessels. # Mechanical Stimulation Mechanically, arteriogenesis is linked to elevated pressure, which increases radial wall stress, and elevated flow, which increases endothelial surface stress. The vessel increases in diameter un...
Arteriogenesis Template:WikiDoc Cardiology News Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Arteriogenesis refers to an increase in the diameter of existing arterial vessels. # Mechanical Stimulation Mechanically, arteriogenesis is linked to elevated pressure, which increases radial wall stress, and elevated f...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arteriogenesis
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Arthrofibrosis
Arthrofibrosis Arthrofibrosis is a complication of knee injury or surgery where an excessive scar tissue response leads to painful restriction of knee motion, with scar tissue forming within the joint and soft tissue spaces and persisting despite routine rehabilitation exercises and stretches. The term may involve flex...
Arthrofibrosis Arthrofibrosis is a complication of knee injury or surgery where an excessive scar tissue response leads to painful restriction of knee motion, with scar tissue forming within the joint and soft tissue spaces and persisting despite routine rehabilitation exercises and stretches. The term may involve fle...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arthrofibrosis
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Arum maculatum
Arum maculatum Arum maculatum is a member the plant family Araceae. It is a common plant in north temperate Europe and is also known as lords-and-ladies and cuckoopint. The plants grow in shady hedges and woods. The purple spotted leaves appear in the spring (April-May) followed by the flowers borne on a poker shaped i...
Arum maculatum Arum maculatum is a member the plant family Araceae. It is a common plant in north temperate Europe and is also known as lords-and-ladies and cuckoopint. The plants grow in shady hedges and woods. The purple spotted leaves appear in the spring (April-May) followed by the flowers borne on a poker shaped ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arum_maculatum
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Arvid Afzelius
Arvid Afzelius Swedish dermatologist, 1857-1923. As a student at the Karolinska institutet, Afzelius studied under the prominent dermatologist Moritz Kaposi (1837-1902) in Vienna. Kaposi has now become a household name because "his" sarcoma is a common lesion in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In a 1909 meeting...
Arvid Afzelius Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Swedish dermatologist, 1857-1923. As a student at the Karolinska institutet, Afzelius studied under the prominent dermatologist Moritz Kaposi (1837-1902) in Vienna. Kaposi has now become a household name because "his" sarcoma is a common lesion in the a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arvid_Afzelius
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L-Asparaginase
L-Asparaginase # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDo...
L-Asparaginase Template:Seealso Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aparna Vuppala, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Asparaginase
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Asphyxiant gas
Asphyxiant gas An asphyxiant gas is a non-toxic or minimally toxic gas which dilutes or displaces the oxygen containing atmosphere, leading to death by asphyxiation if breathed long enough. Toxic gases in large enough concentrations to cause asphyxia lead to death by other mechanisms such as interaction with the respir...
Asphyxiant gas An asphyxiant gas is a non-toxic or minimally toxic gas which dilutes or displaces the oxygen containing atmosphere, leading to death by asphyxiation if breathed long enough. Toxic gases in large enough concentrations to cause asphyxia lead to death by other mechanisms such as interaction with the respi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Asphyxiant_gas
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Assistance dog
Assistance dog An assistance dog is a dog trained to help a person with a disability in daily life. Many are trained by a specific organization, while others are trained by their handler (sometimes with the help of a professional trainer). They are not to be confused with therapy dogs. # Classification There are three...
Assistance dog An assistance dog is a dog trained to help a person with a disability in daily life. Many are trained by a specific organization, while others are trained by their handler (sometimes with the help of a professional trainer). They are not to be confused with therapy dogs[1]. # Classification There are t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Assistance_dog
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Astasia-abasia
Astasia-abasia # OVERVIEW Astasia-abasia refers to the inability to either stand or walk in a normal manner. Patients exhibit an unusual and dramatic gait disturbance, lurching wildly in various directions and falling only when a nearby physician, family member, or soft object will catch them. Astasia refers to the i...
Astasia-abasia Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # OVERVIEW Astasia-abasia refers to the inability to either stand or walk in a normal manner. Patients exhibit an unusual and dramatic gait disturbance, lurching wildly in various directions and falling only when a nearby physician, family member, or ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Astasia-abasia
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Xerotic eczema
Xerotic eczema # Overview Xerotic eczema (also known as asteatotic eczema, eczema craquels, craquelatum, pruritus himalis, or winter itch) is a form of eczema that is characterized by changes that occur when skin becomes abnormally dry, itchy, and cracked. Lower legs tend to be especially affected, although it can app...
Xerotic eczema Template:Tfd Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] # Overview Xerotic eczema (also known as asteatotic eczema, eczema craquels, craquelatum, pruritus himalis, or winter itch) is a form of eczema that is characterized by changes that occu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Asteatotic_Dermatitis
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Bronchodilator
Bronchodilator # Overview A bronchodilator is a substance that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles, increasing airflow and relieving bronchial obstruction. Bronchodilators may be endogenous (originating naturally within the body), or they may be medication administered for the treatment of breathing difficulties. Bron...
Bronchodilator Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2] # Overview A bronchodilator is a substance that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles, increasing airflow and relieving bronchial obstruction. Bronchodilators may be endogenous (originat...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Asthma_anticholinergic_therapy
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Astrochemistry
Astrochemistry Astrochemistry is the study of the chemical elements found in outer space, generally on larger scales than the Solar System, particularly in molecular gas clouds, and the study of their formation, interaction and destruction. As such, it represents an overlap of the disciplines of astronomy and chemistry...
Astrochemistry Astrochemistry is the study of the chemical elements found in outer space, generally on larger scales than the Solar System, particularly in molecular gas clouds, and the study of their formation, interaction and destruction. As such, it represents an overlap of the disciplines of astronomy and chemistr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Astrochemistry
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Endarterectomy
Endarterectomy Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous plaque material, or blockage, in the lining of an artery constricted by the buildup of fatty deposits. It is carried out by separating the plaque from the arterial wall. It was first performed on a superficial femoral artery in 1946 by the...
Endarterectomy Template:Interventions infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Umar Ahmad, M.D.[2] Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous plaque material, or blockage, in the lining of an artery constricted by the buildup of fatty deposits. I...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atherectomy
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Atomic battery
Atomic battery The terms atomic battery, nuclear battery, tritium battery and radioisotope battery are used to describe a device which uses the emissions from a radioactive isotope to generate electricity. Devices for converting natural radioactive decay directly into electricity have a long history. Nuclear battery te...
Atomic battery The terms atomic battery, nuclear battery, tritium battery and radioisotope battery are used to describe a device which uses the emissions from a radioactive isotope to generate electricity. Devices for converting natural radioactive decay directly into electricity have a long history. Nuclear battery t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atomic_battery
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wikidoc
Atomic nucleus
Atomic nucleus Italic textThe nucleus of an atom is the very small dense region of an atom, in its centre consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons). The size (diameter) of the nucleus is in the range of 1.6 fm (10-15 m) (for a proton in light hydrogen) to about 15 fm (for the heaviest atoms, such as uranium). These...
Atomic nucleus Italic textThe nucleus of an atom is the very small dense region of an atom, in its centre consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons). The size (diameter) of the nucleus is in the range of 1.6 fm (10-15 m) (for a proton in light hydrogen) to about 15 fm (for the heaviest atoms, such as uranium). Thes...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atomic_nucleus
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Atomic orbital
Atomic orbital An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. The region in which an electron may be found around a single atom in a particular energy state can be calculated from this function. The term "orbital" has become known as either the "mathematica...
Atomic orbital An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. The region in which an electron may be found around a single atom in a particular energy state can be calculated from this function. The term "orbital" has become known as either the "mathematic...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atomic_orbital
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Atomic percent
Atomic percent Atomic percent or at.% is a measure of concentration of dopant, used in chemistry, physics of solid state lasers and spectroscopy. The meaning of this term strongly depends on the context, host material and dopant. In particular, atomic percent may refer to: (A) Molar fraction which is ratio ~\rm~ \fr...
Atomic percent Atomic percent or at.% is a measure of concentration of dopant, used in chemistry, physics of solid state lasers and spectroscopy. The meaning of this term strongly depends on the context, host material and dopant. In particular, atomic percent may refer to: (A) Molar fraction [1] [2], which is ratio ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atomic_percent
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Atomic physics
Atomic physics Atomic physics (or atom physics) is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and the processes by which these arrangements change. This includes ions as well as neutral...
Atomic physics Atomic physics (or atom physics) is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and the processes by which these arrangements change. This includes ions as well as neutra...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atomic_physics
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Atrium (heart)
Atrium (heart) # Overview - In anatomy, the atrium (plural: atria) refers to a chamber or space. As such it may for example be the atrium of the lateral ventricle in the brain or, popularly, the blood collection chamber of a heart. - It has a thin-walled structure that allows blood to return to the heart. - There is a...
Atrium (heart) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby # Overview - In anatomy, the atrium (plural: atria) refers to a chamber or space. As such it may for example be the atrium of the lateral ventricle in the brain or, popularly, the blood collection chamber of a ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atria
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Attack therapy
Attack therapy Attack therapy is a controversial type of psychotherapy evolved from ventilation therapy. The patient undergoing attack therapy is humiliated, abused and denunciated by a therapist, or by fellow patients during group therapy. # Methodology Attack therapy can be particularly problematic when the group me...
Attack therapy Attack therapy is a controversial type of psychotherapy evolved from ventilation therapy. The patient undergoing attack therapy is humiliated, abused and denunciated by a therapist, or by fellow patients during group therapy.[1] # Methodology Attack therapy can be particularly problematic when the grou...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Attack_therapy
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wikidoc
Atwater system
Atwater system The Atwater system (after Wilbur Olin Atwater) or derivatives of this system are used for the calculation of the available energy of foods. The system was developed largely from the experimental studies of Atwater and his colleagues in the later part of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th. I...
Atwater system The Atwater system (after Wilbur Olin Atwater) or derivatives of this system are used for the calculation of the available energy of foods. The system was developed largely from the experimental studies of Atwater and his colleagues in the later part of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th. ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atwater_system
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wikidoc
Cochlear nerve
Cochlear nerve The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or VIIIth nerve) is part of the vestibulocochlear nerve, (or 8th cranial nerve) that is found in higher vertebrates. It is a sensory nerve, i.e., one that conducts information about the environment (in this case, acoustic energy that impinges on the external ear) ...
Cochlear nerve Template:Infobox Nerve Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or VIIIth nerve) is part of the vestibulocochlear nerve, (or 8th cranial nerve) that is found in higher vertebrates. It is a sensory nerve, i.e., one that conducts information about the env...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Auditory_nerve
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wikidoc
Breast implant
Breast implant # Overview A breast implant is a prosthesis used to enlarge the size of a woman's breasts (known as breast augmentation, breast enlargement, mammoplasty enlargement, augmentation mammoplasty or the common slang term boob job) for cosmetic reasons; to reconstruct the breast (e.g. after a mastectomy; or ...
Breast implant Editors-In-Chief: Martin I. Newman, M.D., FACS, Cleveland Clinic Florida, [1]; Michel C. Samson, M.D., FRCSC, FACS [2], Paul C. Zwiebel, M.D., D.M.D., FACS [3] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [4] # Overview A breast implant is a prosthesis used to enlarge the size of a woman's bre...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Augmentation_mammoplasty
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wikidoc
Aura (symptom)
Aura (symptom) # Overview Aura is the perceptual disturbance experienced by some migraine sufferers before a migraine headache, and the telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure. It often manifests as the perception of a strange light or an unpleasant smell. An aura does not necessit...
Aura (symptom) Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Aura is the perceptual disturbance experienced by some migraine sufferers before a migraine headache, and the telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aura
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wikidoc
Autoclave tape
Autoclave tape Autoclave tape is an adhesive tape used in autoclaving to indicate whether the correct temperature has been reached for the elimination of all living organisms (typically 121 degrees Celsius). Small strips of the tape are applied to the items before they are placed into the autoclave. The tape is similar...
Autoclave tape Autoclave tape is an adhesive tape used in autoclaving to indicate whether the correct temperature has been reached for the elimination of all living organisms (typically 121 degrees Celsius).[1] Small strips of the tape are applied to the items before they are placed into the autoclave. The tape is sim...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Autoclave_tape
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wikidoc
Autocovariance
Autocovariance # Overview In statistics, given a stochastic process X(t), the autocovariance is simply the covariance of the signal against a time-shifted version of itself. If each state of the series has a mean, E = μt, then the autocovariance is given by where E is the expectation operator. # Stationarity If X(t)...
Autocovariance Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In statistics, given a stochastic process X(t), the autocovariance is simply the covariance of the signal against a time-shifted version of itself. If each state of the series has a mean, E[Xt] = μt, then the autocovariance is given by wher...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Autocovariance
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wikidoc
Autogynephilia
Autogynephilia Autogynephilia (Template:PronEng) (from Greek αὐτό (self), γῦνή (woman) and φῖλία (love) — "love of oneself as a woman") is the term coined in 1989 by Ray Blanchard to refer to "a man's paraphilic tendency to be sexually aroused by the thought or image of himself as a woman." It has been suggested that t...
Autogynephilia Template:Sexual orientation Autogynephilia (Template:PronEng) (from Greek αὐτό (self), γῦνή (woman) and φῖλία (love) — "love of oneself as a woman") is the term coined in 1989 by Ray Blanchard to refer to "a man's paraphilic tendency to be sexually aroused by the thought or image of himself as a woman."...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Autogynephilia
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wikidoc
Autoregulation
Autoregulation # Overview Autoregulation is a specific form of homeostasis used to describe the tendency of the body to keep blood flow constant when blood pressure varies.. While most systems of the body show some degree of autoregulation, it is most clearly observed in the kidney, the heart, and the brain. Perfusion...
Autoregulation # Overview Autoregulation is a specific form of homeostasis used to describe the tendency of the body to keep blood flow constant when blood pressure varies.[1]. While most systems of the body show some degree of autoregulation, it is most clearly observed in the kidney, the heart, and the brain.[2] Per...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Autoregulation
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wikidoc
Autostereogram
Autostereogram An autostereogram is a single-image stereogram (SIS), designed to create the visual illusion of a three-dimensional (3D) scene from a two-dimensional image in the human brain. In order to perceive 3D shapes in these autostereograms, the brain must overcome the normally automatic coordination between focu...
Autostereogram An autostereogram is a single-image stereogram (SIS), designed to create the visual illusion of a three-dimensional (3D) scene from a two-dimensional image in the human brain. In order to perceive 3D shapes in these autostereograms, the brain must overcome the normally automatic coordination between foc...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Autostereogram
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wikidoc
Avenanthramide
Avenanthramide Avenanthramides are a type of oat phytoalexins that exist predominantly in the groats of oat seeds. Among a group of at least 25 avenanthramides that differ in the substituents on the cinnamic acid and anthranilic acid rings, three are predominant in oat grain: Bc (also called avenanthramide C), Bf (also...
Avenanthramide Avenanthramides are a type of oat phytoalexins that exist predominantly in the groats of oat seeds.[1] Among a group of at least 25 avenanthramides[2] that differ in the substituents on the cinnamic acid and anthranilic acid rings, three are predominant in oat grain: Bc (also called avenanthramide C), B...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Avenanthramide
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wikidoc
Avogadro's law
Avogadro's law Avogadro's law (Avogadro's Hypothesis, or Avogadro's Principle) is a gas law named after Amedeo Avogadro, who in 1811 hypothesized that: Thus, the number of molecules in a specific volume of gas is independent of the size or mass of the gas molecules when related to an ideal gas approximate. It is very ...
Avogadro's law Avogadro's law (Avogadro's Hypothesis, or Avogadro's Principle) is a gas law named after Amedeo Avogadro, who in 1811 hypothesized that: Thus, the number of molecules in a specific volume of gas is independent of the size or mass of the gas molecules when related to an ideal gas approximate. It is very...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Avogadro%27s_Law
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wikidoc
Axillary nerve
Axillary nerve The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. # Muscul...
Axillary nerve Template:Infobox Nerve Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrang...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Axillary_nerve
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wikidoc
Axis (anatomy)
Axis (anatomy) In anatomy, the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine is named the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") or epistropheus. It forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the atlas), which carries the head, rotates. The most distinctive characteristic of this bone is the strong odontoid process (...
Axis (anatomy) Template:Infobox Bone Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] In anatomy, the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine is named the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") or epistropheus. It forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the atlas), which carries the head, rotates. The mos...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Axis_(anatomy)
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wikidoc
Hexosaminidase
Hexosaminidase Hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52, beta-acetylaminodeoxyhexosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase, N-acetyl hexosaminidase, beta-hexosaminidase, beta-acetylhexosaminidinase, beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase, beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, hexosaminidas...
Hexosaminidase Hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52, beta-acetylaminodeoxyhexosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase, N-acetyl hexosaminidase, beta-hexosaminidase, beta-acetylhexosaminidinase, beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase, beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, hexosaminida...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/B-L-N-acetylhexosaminidase
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wikidoc
Parvovirus B19
Parvovirus B19 # Overview Parvovirus B19 (B19 virus) was the first (and, until 2005, only) human parvovirus to be discovered, by chance in 1975 by the Australian virologist Yvonne Cossart. It gained its name because it was discovered in well B19 of a large series of petri dishes apparently numbered in this way. Parvov...
Parvovirus B19 Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Parvovirus B19 (B19 virus) was the first (and, until 2005, only) human parvovirus to be discovered, by chance in 1975 by the Australian virologist Yvonne Cossart.[1] It gained its name because it was discovered in well B19 of a large series ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/B19_virus
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wikidoc
Thrombomodulin
Thrombomodulin Thrombomodulin (TM), CD141 or BDCA-3 is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and serves as a cofactor for thrombin. It reduces blood coagulation by converting thrombin to an anticoagulant enzyme from a procoagulant enzyme. Thrombomodulin is also expressed on human me...
Thrombomodulin Thrombomodulin (TM), CD141 or BDCA-3 is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and serves as a cofactor for thrombin. It reduces blood coagulation by converting thrombin to an anticoagulant enzyme from a procoagulant enzyme.[1] Thrombomodulin is also expressed on huma...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/BDCA-3
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wikidoc
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepine # Overview The benzodiazepines (pronounced , often abbreviated to "benzos") are a class of psychoactive drugs with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties, which are mediated by slowing down the central nervous system. Benzodiazepines are useful in ...
Benzodiazepine Template:Chembox new Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The benzodiazepines (pronounced [ˌbɛnzoː.daɪˈæzəˌpiːn], often abbreviated to "benzos") are a class of psychoactive drugs with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/BDZ
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wikidoc
Herpes B virus
Herpes B virus Herpes B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, herpesvirus simiae, B virus) is the endemic simplexvirus of macaque monkeys. B virus is an alphaherpesvirus, which consists of a subset of herpesviruses that travel within hosts using the peripheral nerves. As such, this neurotropic virus is not found in th...
Herpes B virus Herpes B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, herpesvirus simiae, B virus) is the endemic simplexvirus of macaque monkeys. B virus is an alphaherpesvirus, which consists of a subset of herpesviruses that travel within hosts using the peripheral nerves. As such, this neurotropic virus is not found in t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/B_virus
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Plantar reflex
Plantar reflex In medicine and neurology, the Babinski reflex or Babinski sign is a reflex that can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants. When non-pathological it is called the plantar reflex while the term Babinski's sign refers to its pathological form. Babink...
Plantar reflex Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Template:Editor help In medicine and neurology, the Babinski reflex or Babinski sign is a reflex that can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants. When non-pathological it is called the plantar refl...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Babinski%27s
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Barium Sulfate
Barium Sulfate # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDo...
Barium Sulfate Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rabin Bista, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Barium_Sulfate
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Barium nitrate
Barium nitrate Barium nitrate with chemical formula Ba(NO3)2 is a salt of barium and the nitrate ion. Barium nitrate exists as a white solid at room temperature. It is soluble in water, and like other soluble barium compounds, is toxic and should be handled with care. Baratol is an explosive composed of barium nitrate,...
Barium nitrate Template:Chembox new Barium nitrate with chemical formula Ba(NO3)2 is a salt of barium and the nitrate ion. Barium nitrate exists as a white solid at room temperature. It is soluble in water, and like other soluble barium compounds, is toxic and should be handled with care. Baratol is an explosive compo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Barium_nitrate
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Patau syndrome
Patau syndrome Synonyms and keywords: Bartholin-Patau syndrome; trisomy 13; trisomy D; Ullrich-Feichtiger syndrome # Overview Patau syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality, a syndrome in which a patient has an additional chromosome 13 due to a non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis. The extra chromosome 13 disr...
Patau syndrome For patient information click here Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2] Synonyms and keywords: Bartholin-Patau syndrome; trisomy 13; trisomy D; Ullrich-Feichtiger syndrome # Overview Patau syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality, a ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bartholin-Patau_syndrome
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Basilar artery
Basilar artery # Overview In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. # Course It arises from the confluence of the two vertebral arteries at the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons. It ascends in the central gutter (sulcus basilaris) inf...
Basilar artery Template:Infobox Artery Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. # Course It arises from the confluence of the two vertebral arteries at the junction between the medulla obl...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Basilar
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Batten disease
Batten disease # Overview Batten disease is a rare, fatal, inherited disease of the nervous system (neurodegenerative disorder) that begins in childhood. Also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease, it is the most common form of a group of disorders called neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (or NCLs). Although Ba...
Batten disease # Overview Batten disease is a rare, fatal, inherited disease of the nervous system (neurodegenerative disorder) that begins in childhood. Also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease, it is the most common form of a group of disorders called neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (or NCLs). Although Ba...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Batten_Disease
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Bayes' theorem
Bayes' theorem # Overview Bayes' theorem (also known as Bayes' rule or Bayes' law) is a result in probability theory, which relates the conditional and marginal probability distributions of random variables. In some interpretations of probability, Bayes' theorem tells how to update or revise beliefs in light of new ev...
Bayes' theorem Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Bayes' theorem (also known as Bayes' rule or Bayes' law) is a result in probability theory, which relates the conditional and marginal probability distributions of random variables. In some interpretations of probability, Bayes' theorem tell...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bayes%27_theorem
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Becker's nevus
Becker's nevus # Overview First documented in 1948 by U.S. dermatologist Samuel William Becker (1894-1964), Becker's nevus (also naevus; pl. nevi or naevi) is a skin disorder predominantly affecting males. The nevus generally first appears as an irregular pigmentation (melanosis or hyperpigmentation) on the torso or ...
Becker's nevus Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] # Overview First documented in 1948 by U.S. dermatologist Samuel William Becker (1894-1964), Becker's nevus (also naevus; pl. nevi or naevi) is a skin disorder predom...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Becker%27s_nevus
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Bejel
Bejel overview # Overview Bejel is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by a subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum. # Causes Although the organism that causes bejel, Treponema pallidum endemicum, is morphologically and serologicallyindistinguishable from Treponema pallidum pallidum, which c...
Bejel overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Bejel is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by a subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum. # Causes Although the organism that causes bejel, Treponema pallidum endemicum, is morphologically and serologicallyindisti...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bejel_overview
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Umbilicoplasty
Umbilicoplasty # Overview Umbilicoplasty, sometimes referred to as "belly button surgery", is a plastic surgery procedure to modify the appearance of one's navel (or "belly button"). It may be performed as part of a tummy tuck or lower body lift operation, or it may be performed alone. An umbilicoplasty procedure may...
Umbilicoplasty Editors-In-Chief: Martin I. Newman, M.D., FACS, Cleveland Clinic Florida, [1]; Michel C. Samson, M.D., FRCSC, FACS [2] # Overview Umbilicoplasty, sometimes referred to as "belly button surgery", is a plastic surgery procedure to modify the appearance of one's navel (or "belly button"). It may be perf...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Belly_button_surgery
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Ben L. Salomon
Ben L. Salomon # Overview Benjamin Lewis Salomon (September 1, 1914 – July 7, 1944) was a United States Army surgeon who defended his aid station, allowing the safe evacuation of the wounded, killing 98 enemy troops before being killed during the Battle of Saipan in World War II. In 2002, Salomon was posthumously aw...
Ben L. Salomon # Overview Benjamin Lewis Salomon (September 1, 1914 – July 7, 1944) was a United States Army surgeon who defended his aid station, allowing the safe evacuation of the wounded, killing 98 enemy troops before being killed during the Battle of Saipan in World War II. In 2002, Salomon was posthumously aw...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ben_L._Salomon
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Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol Benzyl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The benzyl group is commonly abbreviated "Bn", thus BnOH, for benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is a natural constituent of a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth, ...
Benzyl alcohol Template:Chembox new Benzyl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The benzyl group is commonly abbreviated "Bn", thus BnOH, for benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is a natural constituent of a variety of essential oils includi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Benzyl_Alcohol
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Benzyl acetate
Benzyl acetate # Overview Benzyl acetate (CAS number 140-11-4) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2. It is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid. Benzyl acetate is found naturally in many flowers. It is the primary constituent of the essential oils from the flowers j...
Benzyl acetate Template:Chembox new # Overview Benzyl acetate (CAS number 140-11-4) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2. It is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid. Benzyl acetate is found naturally in many flowers. It is the primary constituent of the essential o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Benzyl_acetate
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Bernard Babior
Bernard Babior # Overview Bernard Babior (November 10, 1935 - June 29, 2004) was an American physician and research biochemist. Born in Los Angeles, he received his M.D. degree at the University of California at San Francisco . After interning at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, he joined the laboratory of Konrad Bloch at...
Bernard Babior # Overview Bernard Babior (November 10, 1935 - June 29, 2004) was an American physician and research biochemist. Born in Los Angeles, he received his M.D. degree at the University of California at San Francisco . After interning at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, he joined the laboratory of Konrad Bloch at...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bernard_Babior
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Beta-Carboline
Beta-Carboline # Overview β-Carboline (9H-pyridoindole) is an organic amine that is the prototype of a class of compounds known as β-carbolines. # Pharmacology β-carboline alkaloids are widespread in plants and animals, and frequently act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). As components of the liana Banisteriops...
Beta-Carboline Template:Chembox new Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview β-Carboline (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) is an organic amine that is the prototype of a class of compounds known as β-carbolines. # Pharmacology β-carboline alkaloids are widespread in plants and animals, and frequently act...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta-Carboline
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Beta-endorphin
Beta-endorphin β-endorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system. The amino acid sequence is: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu # Formation β-endor...
Beta-endorphin β-endorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system. The amino acid sequence is: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu[1] # Formation β-e...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta-endorphin
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wikidoc
Beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamase # Overview Beta-lactamases are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by some bacteria and are responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins and carbapenems. These antibiotics have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as...
Beta-lactamase Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Beta-lactamases are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by some bacteria and are responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins and carbapenems. These antibiotics have a common element in ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta-lactamase
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Beta oxidation
Beta oxidation # Overview Beta oxidation is the process by which fatty acids, in the form of Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in the mitochondria and/or in peroxisomes to generate Acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the Krebs Cycle. Occurs in mitochondrial matrix. # Four recurring steps Once inside the mitochondria...
Beta oxidation Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Beta oxidation is the process by which fatty acids, in the form of Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in the mitochondria and/or in peroxisomes to generate Acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the Krebs Cycle. Occurs in mitochondrial matrix. ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta-oxidation
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wikidoc
Beta-synuclein
Beta-synuclein Beta-synuclein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCB gene. The protein encoded by this gene is highly homologous to alpha-synuclein. These proteins are abundantly expressed in the brain and putatively inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. The encoded protein, which may play a role in neurona...
Beta-synuclein Beta-synuclein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCB gene.[1][2][3] The protein encoded by this gene is highly homologous to alpha-synuclein. These proteins are abundantly expressed in the brain and putatively inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. The encoded protein, which may play a role ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta-synuclein
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wikidoc
Proteobacteria
Proteobacteria Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the enti...
Proteobacteria Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta_Proteobacteria
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Beta secretase
Beta secretase β-Secretase — also called BACE1 (β-site of APP cleaving enzyme) or memapsin-2 — is an aspartic-acid protease important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and in the formation of myelin sheaths in peripheral nerve cells. The transmembrane protein, contains two active site aspartate residues in it...
Beta secretase β-Secretase — also called BACE1 (β-site of APP cleaving enzyme) or memapsin-2 — is an aspartic-acid protease important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and in the formation of myelin sheaths in peripheral nerve cells.[1] The transmembrane protein, contains two active site aspartate residues i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta_secretase
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Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin Vignesh Ponnusamy, M.B.B.S. Clarithromycin a macrolide antibiotic pharyngitis/tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, disseminated mycobacterial infections, active duodenal...
Clarithromycin Vignesh Ponnusamy, M.B.B.S. [1] Clarithromycin a macrolide antibiotic pharyngitis/tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, disseminated mycobacterial infections, active duod...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biaxin
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Biennial plant
Biennial plant A biennial plant is a flowering plant that takes two years to complete its lifecycle. In the first year the plant grows leaves, stems, and roots (vegetative structures), then it enters a period of dormancy over the colder months. Usually the stem remains very short and the leaves are low to the ground, f...
Biennial plant Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] A biennial plant is a flowering plant that takes two years to complete its lifecycle. In the first year the plant grows leaves, stems, and roots (vegetative structures), then it enters a period of dormancy over the colder months. Usually the stem remain...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biennial_plant
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Palatine uvula
Palatine uvula # Overview Lua error in Module:Redirect at line 65: could not parse redirect on page "Uvula". The uvula (IPA: Template:IPA) is a small, mucosa-covered set of muscles, musculus uvulae, hanging down from the soft palate, near the back of the throat. The word is derived from the diminutive of uva, the Lat...
Palatine uvula Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Template:Infobox Anatomy Lua error in Module:Redirect at line 65: could not parse redirect on page "Uvula". The uvula (IPA: Template:IPA) is a small, mucosa-covered set of muscles, musculus uvulae, hanging down from the soft palate, near the...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bifid_uvula