question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graded potentials are temporary changes in what, the characteristics of which depend on the size of the stimuli? | [
"components voltage",
"organism voltage",
"organic voltage",
"membrane voltage"
] | D | Figure 12.25 Graded Potentials Graded potentials are temporary changes in the membrane voltage, the characteristics of which depend on the size of the stimulus. Some types of stimuli cause depolarization of the membrane, whereas others cause hyperpolarization. It depends on the specific ion channels that are activated ... | train | sciq | null |
How many different types of taste neurons does the tongue contain? | [
"three",
"ten",
"five",
"four"
] | C | Your sense of taste is controlled by sensory neurons , or nerve cells, on your tongue that sense the chemicals in food. The neurons are grouped in bundles within taste buds . Each taste bud actually has a pore that opens out to the surface of the tongue enabling molecules and ions taken into the mouth to reach the rece... | train | sciq | null |
Deer ticks are vectors for the bacteria that cause what disease? | [
"Dengue fever",
"malaria",
"lyme",
"mad cow"
] | C | Deer ticks are vectors for the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. The ticks are actually very small and may go unnoticed. | train | sciq | null |
What is established by the ph differences between the two sides of the blastoderm cells? | [
"dorsal-ventral axis",
"proximal axis",
"posterior axis",
"cylindrical - ventral axis"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
During metamorphosis, most salamander species go through what aquatic stage on the way to becoming adults? | [
"prophase",
"larval stage",
"metaphase",
"anaphase"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated? | [
"sterilization",
"distillation",
"conduction",
"dispersion"
] | B | Distillation is an effective method to separate mixtures comprised of two or more pure liquids. Distillation is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated. In simple distillation, a mixture is heated and the most volatile component vaporizes at the lowe... | train | sciq | null |
What gas comprises about three-fourths of earth's atmosphere? | [
"nitrogen",
"carbon dioxide",
"hydrogen",
"oxygen"
] | A | Nitrogen is another common element found in living things. It is needed to form both proteins and nucleic acids such as DNA. Nitrogen gas makes up 78 percent of Earth’s atmosphere. In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen flows back and forth between the atmosphere and living things. You can see how it happens in Figure below .... | train | sciq | null |
The lymphatic system helps return fluid that leaks from the blood vessels back to what system? | [
"pulmonary",
"nervous",
"cardiovascular",
"peripheral"
] | C | The lymphatic system helps return fluid that leaks from the blood vessels back to the cardiovascular system. | train | sciq | null |
Light is energy that travels in the form of what type of wave? | [
"particle",
"molecular",
"seismic",
"electromagnetic"
] | D | Light is one type of electromagnetic radiation . Light is energy that travels in the form of an electromagnetic wave. Figure below shows a diagram of an electromagnetic wave. An electromagnetic (EM) wave has two parts: an electric field and a magnetic field. The electric and magnetic fields vibrate up and down, which m... | train | sciq | null |
Naphthalens is a chemical which is commonly used in what? | [
"shampoo",
"mothballs",
"inhalers",
"fertilizers"
] | B | Delocalization of the electrons makes for a more stable molecule than a similar molecule that does not have delocalized electrons. Benzene is a more stable and less reactive compound than straight-chain hexenes. The sp 2 hybridization of the carbon atoms results in a planar molecule as opposed to the puckered structure... | train | sciq | null |
What substances are secreted by specialized cells usually located in endocrine glands? | [
"protein",
"acid",
"lipids",
"hormones"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Chlorine and bromine gases released into the atmosphere have helped damage what layer of the atmosphere? | [
"stratospheric layer",
"carbon layer",
"ozone layer",
"polluted layer"
] | C | Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels of UV radiation reaching Ear... | train | sciq | null |
Which kind of vertebrates are amphibians? | [
"endothermic vertebrates",
"arachnids vertebrates",
"ectothermic vertebrates",
"enterococci vertebrates"
] | C | Like fish, amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates. They belong to the class Amphibia. There are three orders:. | train | sciq | null |
What type of forces are involved when deposited rock forms deltas or barrier islands? | [
"matter forces",
"constructive forces",
"gravity forces",
"accumulation forces"
] | B | Rivers and streams flow across continents. They cut away at rock, forming river valleys ( Figure below ). These are destructive forces. The bits and pieces of rock carried by rivers are deposited where rivers meet the oceans. These can form deltas, like the Mississippi River delta. They can also form barrier islands, l... | train | sciq | null |
Vertebrates differ from invertebrates because they lack this? | [
"backbone or a spinal column",
"neck",
"legs",
"head"
] | A | The first vertebrates evolved about 550 million years ago. The evolution of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds occurred over the next 400 million years. The first vertebrates were ectotherms; endothermy evolved later. Modern fish, amphibians, and reptiles are ectotherms. Modern birds and mammals are endotherms. | train | sciq | null |
The fluid surrounding cells is hemolymph in insects and other animals with an open type of what system? | [
"vascular",
"pulmonary",
"circulatory",
"lymphatic"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Whan an alkene is aquired by an alkyl halide in an organic reaction, what kind of reaction is this? | [
"migration",
"extinction",
"subtraction",
"elimination"
] | D | When an alkene is acquired by an alkyl halide during an organic reaction. An example of elimination reaction. | train | sciq | null |
What is the process by which undigested food leaves the body? | [
"digestion",
"egestion",
"peristalsis",
"glycolysis"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Because of its composition, oil does not do what in water? | [
"form",
"separate",
"dissolve",
"explode"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Linked genes are located on the same what? | [
"nucleolus",
"genome",
"bacterium",
"chromosome"
] | D | Genes that are located on the same chromosome are called linked genes . Alleles for these genes tend to segregate together during meiosis, unless they are separated by crossing-over. Crossing-over occurs when two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis I. The closer together two genes are on a c... | train | sciq | null |
What move the body by contracting against the skeleton? | [
"hormones",
"tissues",
"nerves",
"muscles"
] | D | Muscles move the body by contracting against the skeleton. | train | sciq | null |
In what energy industry process are fluids pumped through a borehole, creating fractures in the rock that contains the natural gas? | [
"grinding",
"fracking",
"strip mining",
"oil wells"
] | B | With fracking, fluids are pumped through a borehole. The fluids create fractures in the rock that contains the natural gas. Chemicals in the fluid prevent the fractures from closing. The natural gas can then be pumped to the surface. | train | sciq | null |
What counter provides a sensitive means of detecting radioactivity? | [
"gravity",
"bouncy",
"geiger",
"calorie"
] | C | A Geiger counter provides a sensitive means of detecting radioactivity. A tube is filled with an inert gas, which will conduct electricity when radiation enters it. When a charged particle comes into the tube, it changes the electrical potential between the anode and the cathode. This change in potential in the tube pr... | train | sciq | null |
What do stored fats provide our body with for later use? | [
"metals",
"hydrogen",
"water",
"energy"
] | D | Fats are one type of lipid. Stored fat gives your body energy to use for later. It’s like having money in a savings account: it’s there in case you need it. Stored fat also cushions and protects internal organs. In addition, it insulates the body. It helps keep you warm in cold weather. | train | sciq | null |
What long molecules are composed of chains of units called monomers? | [
"microbes",
"drummers",
"complexes",
"polymers"
] | D | Polymers are long molecules composed of chains of units called monomers. | train | sciq | null |
Where does an object gain or lose it's energy to during travel through a potential difference? | [
"wave field",
"particle field",
"magnetic field",
"electric field"
] | D | The energy that the object gains or loses when traveling through a potential difference is supplied (or absorbed) by the electric field --- there is nothing else there. Therefore, it follows that electric fields contain energy . | train | sciq | null |
Where do biochemical reactions take place? | [
"inside the organisms' cells",
"outside of cells",
"between cells",
"in atoms"
] | A | Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of organisms. | train | sciq | null |
When fuel is burned, most of the energy is released in what form? | [
"precipitation",
"heat",
"humidity",
"carbon dioxide"
] | B | When fuel is burned, most of the energy is released as heat. Some of this heat can be used to do work. Heat cooks food or warms your house. Sometimes the heat is just waste heat. It still heats the environment, though. | train | sciq | null |
How are voltmeters placed in the circuit? | [
"in parallel",
"since parallel",
"not parallel",
"after parallel"
] | A | Voltmeters have high resistances and are placed in the circuit in parallel. | train | sciq | null |
What is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence? | [
"independent variable",
"conspiracy",
"skepticism",
"speculation"
] | C | Skepticism is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence. Scientific skepticism , also referred to as skeptical inquiry, questions claims based on their scientific verifiability rather than simply accepting claims based on faith or anecdotes. Scientific skepticism uses critical t... | train | sciq | null |
Cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity are considered what kind of preventable diseases? | [
"environmental diseases",
"age diseases",
"lifestyle diseases",
"atmosphere diseases"
] | C | Regular physical exercise is important in preventing lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Regular exercise also improves the health of the muscular system. Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised. | train | sciq | null |
What process is the primary function of the branching internal tubules called protonephridia? | [
"thermoregulation",
"enculturation",
"osmoregulation",
"calcification"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Which law means that the simplest of competing theories is most likely to be correct? | [
"law of parsimony",
"Murphy's Law",
"Law of Conservation",
"Newton's law"
] | A | The formation of scientific theories is generally guided by the law of parsimony. According to this law, the simplest of competing theories is most likely to be correct. | train | sciq | null |
Iron will do what when it is exposed to oxygen and water? | [
"contract",
"become hot",
"rust",
"expand"
] | C | Perhaps the most familiar example of corrosion is the formation of rust on iron. Iron will rust when it is exposed to oxygen and water. The main steps in the rusting of iron appear to involve the following (Figure 17.17). Once exposed to the atmosphere, iron rapidly oxidizes. anode: Fe(s) ⟶ Fe 2+(aq) + 2e −. | train | sciq | null |
About how many days does it take the moon to make one orbit around the earth? | [
"22",
"30",
"21",
"28"
] | D | The Moon does not produce any light of its own. It only reflects light from the Sun. The Moon has phases because it orbits around Earth. One orbit takes about 28 days. As the moon moves around Earth, different parts of it appear to be lit up by the Sun. The Moon sometimes appears fully lit and sometimes completely dark... | train | sciq | null |
The most common two-lens telescope, like the simple microscope, uses lenses of what shape? | [
"concave",
"cylindrical",
"convex",
"angular"
] | C | The most common two-lens telescope, like the simple microscope, uses two convex lenses and is shown in Figure 26.23(b). The object is so far away from the telescope that it is essentially at infinity compared with the focal lengths of the lenses ( d o ≈ ∞ ). The first image is thus produced at. | train | sciq | null |
Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all what? | [
"alucoxes",
"structoxes",
"hexoses",
"fluxes"
] | C | Figure 3.5 Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all hexoses. They are structural isomers, meaning they have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but a different arrangement of atoms. | train | sciq | null |
Which property can you study by comparing the mass of an object relative to its size? | [
"motion",
"volume",
"weight",
"density"
] | D | A golf ball and a table tennis ball are about the same size. However, the golf ball is much heavier than the table tennis ball. Now imagine a similar size ball made out of lead. That would be very heavy indeed! What are we comparing? By comparing the mass of an object relative to its size, we are studying a property ca... | train | sciq | null |
What term means the percent by mass of each element in a compound? | [
"percent composition",
"calculated composition",
"molecular composition",
"mass composition"
] | A | Chemists often need to know what elements are present in a compound and in what percentage. The percent composition is the percent by mass of each element in a compound. It is calculated in a similar way that we just indicated for the peanut butter. | train | sciq | null |
The combined gas law involves three properties of a gas - volume, absolute temperature, and what? | [
"direction",
"pressure",
"power",
"time"
] | B | To this point, we have examined the relationships between any two of the variables of , , and , while the third variable is held constant. However, situations arise where all three variables change. The combined gas law expresses the relationship between the pressure, volume, and absolute temperature of a fixed amount ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions? | [
"magnetic bond",
"ionic bond",
"integral bond",
"electron bond"
] | B | An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. The Figure below shows how this happens. | train | sciq | null |
In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for what? | [
"chloride",
"phosphate",
"glucose",
"oxygen"
] | A | 39.4 Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is comprised of two alpha and two beta subunits that surround an iron-containing heme group. Oxygen readily binds this heme group. The ability of oxygen to bind increases as more oxygen molecules are bound to heme. Dise... | train | sciq | null |
What is defined as an organism in the earliest stages of development? | [
"an nucleus",
"an embryo",
"a zygote",
"a gamete"
] | B | An embryo is an organism in the earliest stages of development. Embryos of different species may look quite similar, even when the adult forms look very different. Look at the drawings of embryos in Figure below . They represent very early life stages of a chicken, turtle, pig, and human being. The embryos look so simi... | train | sciq | null |
Microevolution occuring and taking place over many generations results in? | [
"recalibration",
"microinjection",
"fission",
"macroevolution"
] | D | Macroevolution occurs over geologic time above the level of the species. The fossil record reflects this level of evolution. It results from microevolution taking place over many generations. | train | sciq | null |
What do craters and rifts become when they fill with water? | [
"streams",
"seas",
"lakes",
"rivers"
] | C | Left: Indrik myneur; Right: Courtesy of UNEP/GRID. Craters and rifts become lakes when they fill with water . Left: CC BY 2.0; Right: Non-copyrighted and available for free use. | train | sciq | null |
What system carries messages from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system? | [
"sensitive nervous system",
"respiratory system",
"auxiliary nervous system",
"peripheral nervous system"
] | D | The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system carries messages from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system. For example, it carries messages about images from the eyes to the brain. Once the messages reach the brain, the brain interprets the information. | train | sciq | null |
What disease is described as a respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing, coughing, and a feeling of constriction in the chest? | [
"indigestion",
"asthma",
"dementia",
"inflammation"
] | B | Respiratory system disorders are directly related to air pollution. These disorders have severe effects on human health, some leading to death directly related to air pollution. Air pollution related respiratory disorders include asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by wheez... | train | sciq | null |
What is used to darken images of the sky? | [
"polarizing filters",
"uv filter",
"close-up filter",
"neutral density filter"
] | A | Photographs of the sky can be darkened by polarizing filters, a trick used by many photographers to make clouds brighter by contrast. Scattering from other particles, such as smoke or dust, can also polarize light. Detecting polarization in scattered EM waves can be a useful analytical tool in determining the scatterin... | train | sciq | null |
A tumor of what gland can cause hypersecretion of growth hormone? | [
"Pancreas",
"tissues gland",
"Parathyroid",
"pituitary gland"
] | D | Hypersecretion by an endocrine gland is often caused by a tumor. For example, a tumor of the pituitary gland can cause hypersecretion of growth hormone. If this occurs in childhood, it results in very long arms and legs and abnormally tall stature by adulthood. The condition is commonly known as gigantism (see Figure b... | train | sciq | null |
After the blood in the pulmonary capillaries becomes saturated with oxygen, it leaves the lungs and travels where? | [
"to the lungs",
"to the kidneys",
"to the heart",
"to the brain"
] | C | After the blood in the pulmonary capillaries becomes saturated with oxygen, it leaves the lungs and travels to the heart. The heart pumps the oxygen-rich blood into arteries, which carry it throughout the body. Eventually, the blood travels into capillaries that supply body tissues. These capillaries are called periphe... | train | sciq | null |
Depending on the surrounding conditions, normal matter usually exists as one of three phases: solid, liquid, or this? | [
"ice",
"gas",
"fluid",
"crystal"
] | B | Depending on the surrounding conditions, normal matter usually exists as one of three phases: solid, liquid, or gas. A phase change is a physical process in which a substance goes from one phase to another. Usually the change occurs when adding or removing heat at a particular temperature, known as the melting point or... | train | sciq | null |
What celestial bodies are classified by color and temperature, ranging from blue to red and hottest to coolest? | [
"astroids",
"stars",
"galaxies",
"planets"
] | B | Stars are classified by color and temperature. The most common system uses the letters O (blue), B (blue-white), A (white), F (yellow-white), G (yellow), K (orange), and M (red), from hottest to coolest. | train | sciq | null |
What carries small pollen grains farther than they otherwise would go? | [
"wind",
"birds",
"steam",
"humidity"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What do rocket-based systems use to propel itself into space? | [
"chemical reactions",
"water reactions",
"hydrogen reactions",
"nuclear reactions"
] | A | The space shuttle—and any other rocket-based system—uses chemical reactions to propel itself into space and maneuver itself when it gets into orbit. The rockets that lift the orbiter are of two different types. The three main engines are powered by reacting liquid hydrogen with liquid oxygen to generate water. Then the... | train | sciq | null |
What term simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation? | [
"hypersensitivity",
"hyposensitivity",
"monosensitivity",
"isosensitivity"
] | A | Hypersensitivities The word “hypersensitivity” simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation. Allergies and inflammatory responses to nonpathogenic environmental substances have been observed since the dawn of history. Hypersensitivity is a medical term describing symptoms that are now known to be caused by... | train | sciq | null |
The hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are secreted near capillaries at the base of the what? | [
"lungs",
"hippocampus",
"hypothalamus",
"pancreas"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
A microscope can be made from two of what kind of lenses? | [
"convex",
"inner",
"angular",
"outer"
] | A | 26.4 Microscopes Although the eye is marvelous in its ability to see objects large and small, it obviously has limitations to the smallest details it can detect. Human desire to see beyond what is possible with the naked eye led to the use of optical instruments. In this section we will examine microscopes, instruments... | train | sciq | null |
What produces almost one-half of the earth's oxygen through photosynthesis? | [
"protists",
"arthropods",
"prokaryotes",
"algae"
] | A | Humans could not live on Earth if it were not for protists. Why? Plant-like protists produce almost one-half of the oxygen on the planet through photosynthesis. Other protists decompose and recycle nutrients that humans need to live. All protists make up a huge part of the food chain. | train | sciq | null |
What is said to occur when both traits appear in a heterozygous offspring? | [
"pollenation",
"xenophobia",
"codominance",
"identical twins"
] | C | What happens when there are two alleles in a heterozygote and neither allele is completely dominant nor completely recessive? Can both traits appear in the phenotype? Essentially, yes they can. Can there be two dominant alleles for the same gene? Codominance occurs when both traits appear in a heterozygous offspring. F... | train | sciq | null |
What type of response do signal transductions within target cells bring about? | [
"physiological",
"bacterial",
"resporatory",
"psychological"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What happens to meteors as they fall through the mesosphere? | [
"they grow",
"they stop suddenly",
"they bounce",
"they burn"
] | D | Did you ever see a meteor shower, like the one in Figure below ? Meteors burn as they fall through the mesosphere. The space rocks experience friction with the gas molecules. The friction makes the meteors get very hot. Many meteors burn up completely in the mesosphere. | train | sciq | null |
What are the three main types of rocks? | [
"sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic",
"crystalline , igneous and metamorphic",
"plutonic, igneous and metmorphic",
"limestone , igneous and metamorphic"
] | A | A geologic map shows the different rocks that are exposed at the surface of a region. Rock units are shown in a color identified in a key. On the geologic map of the Grand Canyon, for example, different rock types are shown in different colors. Some people call the Grand Canyon “layer cake geology“ because most of the ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the only continent without amphibians? | [
"antarctica",
"Australia",
"Europe",
"Africa"
] | A | Amphibians can be found in freshwater and moist terrestrial habitats throughout the world. The only continent without amphibians is Antarctica. Amphibians are especially numerous in temperate lakes and ponds and in tropical rainforests. | train | sciq | null |
A hair grows out of a follicle and passes through what before extending above the skin surface? | [
"cartilage",
"epidermis",
"callus",
"dermis"
] | B | Hair follicles are structures where hairs originate. Each hair grows out of a follicle, passes up through the epidermis, and extends above the skin surface. | train | sciq | null |
What are the long, thin structures that protrude from the cell membrane and help single-celled organisms move or swim towards food? | [
"tentacles",
"sporangia",
"flagella",
"microvilli"
] | C | Flagella ( flagellum , singular) are long, thin structures that protrude from the cell membrane. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can have flagella. Flagella help single-celled organisms move or swim towards food. The flagella of eukaryotic cells are normally used for movement too, such as in the movement of sperm... | train | sciq | null |
What is the unit of evolution? | [
"a phylum",
"the population",
"dna",
"the cell"
] | B | The population is the unit of evolution. | train | sciq | null |
What occurs where the water motion slows? | [
"deposition",
"diffusion",
"vapor",
"erosion"
] | A | Longshore drift continually moves sand along the shore. Deposition occurs where the water motion slows. The smallest particles, such as silt and clay, are deposited away from shore. This is where the water is calmer. Larger particles are deposited onshore. This is where waves and other motions are strongest. | train | sciq | null |
The force on a charged particle in a magnetic field is always perpendicular to both its velocity vector and the? | [
"field vector",
"track vector",
"gravity vector",
"position vector"
] | A | Since the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field is always perpendicular to both its velocity vector and the field vector (check this using the second right hand rule above), a constant magnetic field will provide a centripetal force --- that is, a constant force that is always directed perpendicular to the di... | train | sciq | null |
What is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body called? | [
"excretion",
"diffusion",
"ingestion",
"inspiration"
] | A | Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. It is one of the major ways the body maintains homeostasis. Although the kidneys are the main organs of excretion, several other organs also excrete wastes. They include the large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs. All of these organs of excret... | train | sciq | null |
What is the skeleton of the cell? | [
"cytoplasm",
"cell membrane",
"cytoskeleton",
"cell wall"
] | C | The cytoplasm consists of watery cytosol and cell structures. It has several functions. The cytoskeleton is the “skeleton” of the cell. It helps the cell keep its shape. | train | sciq | null |
A salt concentration of 32 percent is nearly ten times that of what abundant resource? | [
"algae",
"fresh water",
"seawater",
"oxygen"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Atoms of one element can be transformed into another through which process? | [
"nuclear reactions",
"longer reactions",
"developed reactions",
"magnetic reactions"
] | A | Not all atoms of an element must have precisely the same mass. Atoms of one element can be transformed into another through nuclear reactions. The compositions of many solid compounds are somewhat variable. Under certain circumstances, some atoms can be divided (split into smaller particles). These modifications illust... | train | sciq | null |
Blood from the body enters what chamber of the heart before it is pumped to the right ventricle and then to the lungs? | [
"left atrium",
"right atrium",
"left bivalve",
"left ventricle"
] | B | Blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium pumps the blood to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs. This loop is represented by the blue arrows in Figure above . | train | sciq | null |
Dna replication, chromosome segregation, and the separation into two daughter cells are steps in what process? | [
"binary fission",
"nuclear fission",
"reproductive fission",
"multiple fission"
] | A | Binary fission can be described as a series of steps, although it is actually a continuous process. The steps are described below and also illustrated in Figure below . They include DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and finally the separation into two daughter cells. | train | sciq | null |
In science, what is defined as the transfer of energy from a vibrating object in waves that travel through matter? | [
"sound",
"energy",
"photons",
"vibration"
] | A | In science, sound is defined as the transfer of energy from a vibrating object in waves that travel through matter. Most people commonly use the term sound to mean what they hear when sound waves enter their ears. The tree above generated sound waves when it fell to the ground, so it made sound according to the scienti... | train | sciq | null |
Where in the cell does transcription occur? | [
"protoplasm",
"nucleus",
"epidermis",
"cell wall"
] | B | Transcription is the DNA → RNA part of the central dogma of molecular biology. It occurs in the nucleus. During transcription, a copy of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. In eukaryotes, mRNA may be modified before it leaves the nucleus. | train | sciq | null |
Hydrogen peroxide is commonly sold as a 3% by volume solution for use as a what? | [
"detergent",
"disinfectant",
"surfactant",
"antiseptic"
] | B | Hydrogen peroxide is commonly sold as a 3% by volume solution for use as a disinfectant. | train | sciq | null |
In plants, pigment molecules absorb only visible light for photosynthesis. the visible light seen by humans as white light actually exists in a what? | [
"vacuum",
"invisible spectrum",
"transparency",
"rainbow of colors"
] | D | Absorption of Light Light energy enters the process of photosynthesis when pigments absorb the light. In plants, pigment molecules absorb only visible light for photosynthesis. The visible light seen by humans as white light actually exists in a rainbow of colors. Certain objects, such as a prism or a drop of water, di... | train | sciq | null |
When an acid and base solutions react, they produce water and a neutral ionic compound known as what? | [
"sand",
"dirt",
"pollen",
"salt"
] | D | When acid and base solutions react, they produce water and a neutral ionic compound called a salt. The reaction is called a neutralization reaction. | train | sciq | null |
In the body, oxygen is used by cells of the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide is produced as what? | [
"fuel",
"food",
"waste product",
"oxygen"
] | C | Gas Exchange across the Alveoli In the body, oxygen is used by cells of the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product. The ratio of carbon dioxide production to oxygen consumption is the respiratory quotient (RQ). RQ varies between 0.7 and 1.0. If just glucose were used to fuel the body, the RQ w... | train | sciq | null |
Chemical digestion in the small intestine cannot occur without the help of the pancreas and what bile-producing organ? | [
"liver",
"kidney",
"stomach",
"heart"
] | A | 23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Chemical digestion in the small intestine cannot occur without the help of the liver and pancreas. The liver produces bile and delivers it to the common hepatic duct. Bile contains bile salts and phospholipids, which emulsify large lipid globules ... | train | sciq | null |
What property are alkali metals at room temperature? | [
"liquid",
"mixed",
"solid",
"solid"
] | C | Alkali metals are all solids at room temperature. They are relatively soft and low in density. | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of the smallest planet in our solar system, which is also nearest to the sun? | [
"mercury",
"jupitor",
"earth",
"mars"
] | A | Mercury is the smallest planet. It has no moon. It is also the planet closest to the Sun. Pictured below is the surface of Mercury covered with craters ( Figure below ), like Earth’s Moon. Many of the impact craters are billions of years old. This means that Mercury hasn’t changed much geologically for billions of year... | train | sciq | null |
All gymnosperm species and many eudicot species undergo what? | [
"exploitation",
"secondary growth",
"third growth",
"mutations"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Slow-twitch or fast-twitch and oxidative or glycolytic describe what type of fibers? | [
"capillaries",
"skeletal muscle fibers",
"coronary muscle fibers",
"digestion muscle fibers"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Plants have a touch response known as what? | [
"trichina",
"pollenation",
"photosynthesis",
"thigmotropism"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What is at the center of our solar system? | [
"earth",
"the Kuiper Belt",
"the sun",
"the moon"
] | C | The Sun is at the center of the solar system. | train | sciq | null |
The different types of what systems work together to carry out all the life functions of the individual? | [
"maturation systems",
"heartbeat systems",
"organ systems",
"digestive systems"
] | C | Organ systems are organized into the organism. The different organ systems work together to carry out all the life functions of the individual. For example, cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to provide the individual with oxygen and rid it of carbon dioxide. | train | sciq | null |
Why is uranus so faint? | [
"too cold",
"far away",
"polluted atmosphere",
"too small"
] | B | Uranus is faint because it is very far away. Its distance from the Sun is 2.8 billion kilometers (1.8 billion miles). A photon from the Sun takes about 2 hours and 40 minutes to reach Uranus. Uranus orbits the Sun once about every 84 Earth years. | train | sciq | null |
Which systems work together to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration? | [
"muscular and lymph systems",
"respiratory and circulatory systems",
"respiratory and lymph systems",
"circulatory and digestive systems"
] | B | The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration. Cells also need glucose for cellular respiration. Glucose is a simple sugar that comes from the food we eat. To get glucose from food, digestion must occur. This process is carried out by the diges... | train | sciq | null |
What organs have tiny tubes leading to and from elastic air sacs that improve airflow and oxygen uptake? | [
"liver",
"lungs",
"apendix",
"ovaries"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What is produced when sulfur and oxygen combine? | [
"sulfur oxide",
"Basic Oxides",
"hydrogen oxide",
"Acidic oxides"
] | A | Sulfur oxides are produced when sulfur and oxygen combine. This happens when coal that contains sulfur burns. | train | sciq | null |
A skeleton that consists of hard, mineralized structures located within the soft tissue of organisms is called what? | [
"endoskeleton",
"exoskeleton",
"calcium deposits",
"hydrostatic skeleton"
] | A | Endoskeleton An endoskeleton is a skeleton that consists of hard, mineralized structures located within the soft tissue of organisms. An example of a primitive endoskeletal structure is the spicules of sponges. The bones of vertebrates are composed of tissues, whereas sponges have no true tissues (Figure 38.4). Endoske... | train | sciq | null |
What evolutionary process does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist? | [
"characteristic selection",
"flow selection",
"natural selection",
"random selection"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
In seed plants, after fertilization, what will the ovule eventually develop into? | [
"root",
"seed",
"cone",
"flower"
] | B | An ovule is a female reproductive structure in seed plants that contains a tiny female gametophyte. The gametophyte produces an egg cell. After the egg is fertilized by sperm, the ovule develops into a seed. | train | sciq | null |
What is the message sent from the nucleus to the ribosome? | [
"mrna",
"dna",
"mitochondria",
"rna"
] | A | The mRNA is the message sent from the nucleus to the ribosome, the organelle of protein synthesis. Like a foreign language, the genetic code of the mRNA message must then be translated so that the ribosomes make the correct protein. The process of reading the code of a mRNA to make a protein is called translation. | train | sciq | null |
The phagocytes that are part of the body’s second line of defense attack any of what that they encounter? | [
"viruses",
"pathogens",
"parasites",
"vaccines"
] | B | The phagocytes that are part of the body’s second line of defense attack any pathogens they encounter. They provide a general defense. Some white blood cells attack only certain pathogens. They provide a specific defense. | train | sciq | null |
Fungi are no longer classified as what, possessing cell walls made of chitin rather than cellulose? | [
"flowers",
"eukaryotes",
"roots",
"plants"
] | D | Today, fungi are no longer classified as plants. We now know that they have unique physical, chemical, and genetic traits that set them apart from plants and other eukaryotes. For example, the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin , not cellulose. Also, fungi absorb nutrients from other organisms, whereas plants make ... | train | sciq | null |
What kind of compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion? | [
"ionic compounds",
"magnetic compounds",
"horizontal compounds",
"magnetic compounds"
] | A | Ionic compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion. | train | sciq | null |
Endoscopes are used to explore the body through various orifices or these? | [
"dermal tears",
"major incisions",
"ocular cavity",
"minor incisions"
] | D | Bundles of fibers can be used to transmit an image without a lens, as illustrated in Figure 25.15. The output of a device called an endoscope is shown in Figure 25.15(b). Endoscopes are used to explore the body through various orifices or minor incisions. Light is transmitted down one fiber bundle to illuminate interna... | train | sciq | null |
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