question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
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value |
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The union of gametes is called? | [
"migration",
"fusion",
"fertilization",
"pollination"
] | C | Sexual reproduction involves two parents. It produces offspring that are all genetically unique. It requires the production of haploid gametes. The union of gametes is called fertilization. It results in a diploid zygote. | train | sciq | null |
What type of behavior occurs naturally in all animals of a given species? | [
"learned",
"innate",
"stimulated",
"acquired"
] | B | Innate behavior is any behavior that occurs naturally in all the animals of a given species. It doesn’t have to be learned, and it occurs in the same way in all members of the species. Examples of innate behaviors include the waggle dance in honeybees and the grasp reflex in human babies. | train | sciq | null |
What parts of comets make them easy to see? | [
"craters and tails",
"arcs and tails",
"comas and tails",
"novas and tails"
] | C | Gases in the coma and tail of a comet reflect light from the Sun. Comets are very hard to see except when they have comas and tails. That is why they appear only when they are near the Sun. They disappear again as they move back to the outer solar system. | train | sciq | null |
What gives the body shape and support? | [
"muscles",
"skeleon",
"gravity",
"organs"
] | B | The skeleton supports the body and gives it shape. It has several other functions as well, including:. | train | sciq | null |
What do you call sound that has a wave frequency higher than the human ear can detect? | [
"dynamic sound",
"supersonic sound",
"ultrasound",
"hypersonic sound"
] | C | Ultrasound is sound that has a wave frequency higher than the human ear can detect. It includes all sounds with wave frequencies higher than 20,000 waves per second, or 20,000 hertz (Hz). | train | sciq | null |
Plants not only contribute food but what else for organisms? | [
"dioxide",
"hydrogen",
"oxygen",
"carbon"
] | C | The oxygen atoms, however, form oxygen gas, which is a waste product of photosynthesis. The oxygen given off supplies most of the oxygen in our atmosphere. Before photosynthesis evolved, Earth’s atmosphere lacked oxygen altogether, and this highly reactive gas was toxic to the many organisms living at the time. Somethi... | train | sciq | null |
Substances that act as both weak acids and bases are said to be what? | [
"hygroscopic",
"amphiphilic",
"amphoteric",
"atmospheric"
] | C | Other applications of carbonates include glass making—where carbonate ions serve as a source of oxide ions—and synthesis of oxides. Hydrogen carbonates are amphoteric because they act as both weak acids and weak bases. Hydrogen carbonate ions act as acids and react with solutions of soluble hydroxides to form a carbona... | train | sciq | null |
What is the medical process of removing wastes and excess water from the blood by diffusion and ultrafiltration called? | [
"arthritis",
"dialysis",
"tumors",
"digestion"
] | B | Dialysis Technician Dialysis is a medical process of removing wastes and excess water from the blood by diffusion and ultrafiltration. When kidney function fails, dialysis must be done to artificially rid the body of wastes. This is a vital process to keep patients alive. In some cases, the patients undergo artificial ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the "a" horizon commonly known as? | [
"sediment",
"crust",
"core",
"topsoil"
] | D | The first horizon is the “A“ horizon. It is more commonly called the topsoil . The topsoil is usually the darkest layer of the soil. It is the layer with the most organic material. Humus forms from all the plant and animal debris that falls to or grows on the ground. The topsoil is also the region with the most biologi... | train | sciq | null |
What are the building blocks of life? | [
"seeds",
"muscles",
"bricks",
"cells"
] | D | Cells are the building blocks of life. This is clear from the photo in Figure below . It shows stacks upon stacks of cells in an onion plant. Cells are also the basic functional units of living things. They are the smallest units that can carry out the biochemical reactions of life. No matter how different organisms ma... | train | sciq | null |
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of liquid water by 1°c is also known as? | [
"specific heat",
"Kelvin",
"calorie",
"mass"
] | A | State of matter that has a fixed volume and fixed shape. | train | sciq | null |
What helps amplify the effects of extracellular signals? | [
"mutation cascades",
"spontaneous cascades",
"enzymatic cascades",
"electrical cascades"
] | C | The effects of extracellular signals can also be amplified by enzymatic cascades. At the initiation of the signal, a single ligand binds to a single receptor. However, activation of a receptor-linked enzyme can activate many copies of a component of the signaling cascade, which amplifies the signal. | train | sciq | null |
What units are typically used to measure heats of reaction? | [
"kilojoules",
"degrees Celsius",
"kilobytes",
"volts"
] | A | Heats of reaction are typically measured in kilojoules. It is important to include the physical states of the reactants and products in a thermochemical equation as the value of the depends on those states. | train | sciq | null |
What are solutions that maintain a relatively constant ph when an acid or a base is added? | [
"water",
"buffer",
"liquids",
"gases"
] | B | Buffers are solutions that maintain a relatively constant pH when an acid or a base is added. They therefore protect, or “buffer,” other molecules in solution from the effects of the added acid or base. Buffers contain either a weak acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A−) or a weak base (B) and its conjugate acid (BH+), ... | train | sciq | null |
Along with dna, what is the other main type of nucleic acid? | [
"rna",
"protein",
"cytoplasm",
"nucleotides"
] | A | Nucleic acids are biochemical molecules that contain oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus in addition to carbon and hydrogen. There are two main types of nucleic acids. They are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). | train | sciq | null |
Glutathione is a low-molecular-weight compound found in living cells that is produced naturally by what? | [
"brain",
"amino acids",
"liver",
"blood"
] | C | Glutathione is a low-molecular-weight compound found in living cells that is produced naturally by the liver. Healthcare providers give glutathione intravenously to prevent side effects of chemotherapy and to prevent kidney problems. | train | sciq | null |
What work together in pairs to bend or straighten a joint? | [
"cartilage tissues",
"nerve fibers",
"muscles",
"collagen bands"
] | C | Muscles work together in pairs to bend or straighten the joint. | train | sciq | null |
What are the outer-shell electrons of an atom called? | [
"organism electrons",
"helium electrons",
"outer electrons",
"valence electrons"
] | D | Valence electrons are the outer-shell electrons of an atom. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of reproduction is vegetative reproduction? | [
"mitosis",
"asexual",
"sexual",
"meiosis"
] | B | Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction found in plants. This type of reproduction occurs when new individuals are formed without the production of seeds or spores. The formation of new plants out of rhizomes or stolons is an example of vegetative reproductive, such as in the strawberry plant. Other p... | train | sciq | null |
What type of tissue runs the length of a stem in vascular bundles? | [
"thermal tissue",
"vascular tissue",
"muscle tissue",
"cardiac tissue"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Birds have a relatively large heart and a rapid what? | [
"heart rate",
"blink rate",
"lifespan",
"digestive process"
] | A | To keep their flight muscles well supplied with oxygen, birds evolved specialized respiratory and circulatory systems. Birds have special air sacs for storing extra air and pumping it into the lungs. They also have a relatively large heart and a rapid heart rate. These adaptations keep plenty of oxygenated blood circul... | train | sciq | null |
When a warm air mass becomes trapped between two cold air masses, what type of front occurs? | [
"storm front",
"obscured front",
"occluded front",
"stationary front"
] | C | With an occluded front , a warm air mass becomes trapped between two cold air masses. The warm air is lifted up above the cold air as in Figure below . Cloudy weather and precipitation along the front are typical. | train | sciq | null |
What is water falling from the sky called? | [
"erosion",
"precipitation",
"vaporization",
"distillation"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What forms when atoms share or transfer valence electrons? | [
"levels",
"replicas",
"fusion",
"bonds"
] | D | A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms or ions. Bonds form when atoms share or transfer valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that may be involved in chemical interactions. Valence electrons are the basis of all chemical bonds. For a video introducti... | train | sciq | null |
Which part of the axon has a higher membrane potential? | [
"canals hillock",
"biofilm hillock",
"muscular hillock",
"axon hillock"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
A diploid zygote is formed when one sperm does what? | [
"cracks the egg",
"incapacitates the egg",
"fertilizes the egg",
"repels the egg"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
As ph increases what happens to a solution? | [
"becomes more basic",
"stays the same",
"becomes less basic",
"depends on the solution"
] | A | The deprotonated form of an acid is referred to as its conjugate base. Similarly, the protonated form of a base is referred to as its conjugate acid. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for changes in speed or direction, changes that make a roller coaster ride so exciting? | [
"acceleration",
"transmission",
"inclination",
"oscillation"
] | A | Imagine the thrill of riding on a roller coaster like this one! The coaster slowly crawls to the top of the track and then flies down the other side. It also zooms around twists and turns at breakneck speeds. These changes in speed and direction are what make a roller coaster ride so exciting. Changes in speed or direc... | train | sciq | null |
What do aquatic mollusk species use for respiration? | [
"phototropism",
"pores",
"lungs",
"gills"
] | D | Which of the following statements about the anatomy of a mollusk is false? a. Mollusks have a radula for grinding food. A digestive gland is connected to the stomach. The tissue beneath the shell is called the mantle. The digestive system includes a gizzard, a stomach, a digestive gland, and the intestine. Mollusks hav... | train | sciq | null |
Because the solute is moving down the concentration gradient, and no input of energy is required, facilitated diffusion is considered what type of transport? | [
"adaptive",
"active",
"passive",
"neutral"
] | C | Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of solutes through integral membrane transport proteins. Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport . Even though facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins (and is essentially a transport process), it can still be considered passive transport because the solute i... | train | sciq | null |
What does fiber help keep at normal levels in the body? | [
"hydration",
"salt and cholesterol",
"bloodpressure",
"sugar and lipids"
] | D | Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that consists mainly of cellulose and comes only from plants. High-fiber foods include whole grains and legumes such as beans. Fiber can’t be broken down by the digestive system, but it plays important roles in the body. It helps keep sugar and lipids at normal levels in the blood. It al... | train | sciq | null |
What is it called when plant roots absorb liquid water and release water vapor into the atmosphere? | [
"evaporation",
"sedimentation",
"perspiration",
"transpiration"
] | D | Liquid water is taken up by plant roots. The plant releases water vapor into the atmosphere. This is transpiration. | train | sciq | null |
Fossil fuels and nuclear power are what type of resource? | [
"nonrenewable",
"reusable",
"renewable",
"recurring"
] | A | Nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels and nuclear power. | train | sciq | null |
The stoichiometric coefficients indicate the relative amounts of what? | [
"trajectories and products",
"reactions and products",
"reactants and products",
"exigencies and products"
] | C | stoichiometric coefficient : The letters a, b, c, and d where A and B are reactants, and C and D are products. The stoichiometric coefficients indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products. | train | sciq | null |
Blood enters the heart in what valve? | [
"aortic",
"atria",
"tricuspid",
"mitral"
] | B | Blood flows in only one direction in the heart. Blood enters the atria, which contract and push blood into the ventricles. The atria relax and the ventricles fill with blood. Finally, the ventricles contract and push blood around the body. | train | sciq | null |
What works through chemical reactions that change the rock? | [
"rock weathering",
"chemical weathering",
"chemical breakdown",
"gradual weathering"
] | B | Chemical weathering is different than mechanical weathering. The minerals in the rock change their chemical makeup. They become a different type of mineral or even a different type of rock. Chemical weathering works through chemical reactions that change the rock. | train | sciq | null |
What is necessary for new alleles to be created? | [
"new frequencies",
"new rna",
"cross-pollination",
"new mutations"
] | D | No new mutations are occurring. Therefore, no new alleles are being created. | train | sciq | null |
What does the placenta sustain during pregnancy? | [
"the heart",
"the mother",
"the endocrine system",
"the fetus"
] | D | Placental mammals are therian mammals in which a placenta develops during pregnancy. The placenta sustains the fetus while it grows inside the mother’s uterus. Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants. Most mammals are placental mammals. | train | sciq | null |
Other than nitrogen, which nutrient most often limits marine production? | [
"potassium",
"phosphorus",
"zinc",
"calcium"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What astronomical phenomenon is often comprised of remnants of the earliest material that formed in the solar system? | [
"asteroids",
"meteorites",
"comets",
"particles"
] | B | Many meteorites are remnants of the earliest material that formed in the solar system. | train | sciq | null |
Minerals are grouped based on what? | [
"chemical composition",
"carbon composition",
"density",
"mineral composition"
] | A | Minerals are divided into groups. The groups are based on their chemical composition. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for the average number of individuals in a population for a given area? | [
"result density",
"Area Density",
"population structure",
"population density"
] | D | Another sign of a species’ state of health is the density of its populations. Population density is the average number of individuals in a population for a given area. Density is a measure of how crowded or spread out the individuals in a population are on average. For example, a population of 100 deer that live in an ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the shape of the thyroid gland? | [
"butterfly-shaped",
"triangle-shaped",
"square-shaped",
"snake - shaped"
] | A | Thyroid Gland The thyroid gland is located in the neck, just below the larynx and in front of the trachea, as shown in Figure 37.16. It is a butterfly-shaped gland with two lobes that are connected by the isthmus. It has a dark red color due to its extensive vascular system. When the thyroid swells due to dysfunction, ... | train | sciq | null |
Instead of using their nose, reptiles can use what organ to smell scents? | [
"liver",
"eye",
"tongue",
"bladder"
] | C | Reptiles have a circulatory system with a heart that pumps blood. Reptiles also have a centralized nervous system with a brain. Their brain is relatively small, but the parts of the brain that control the senses and learning are larger than in amphibians. Reptiles have good senses of sight and smell. They use their ton... | train | sciq | null |
How does the diaphragm look like when it is at rest? | [
"flat",
"dam - shaped",
"dome-shaped",
"inverted"
] | C | The Diaphragm The change in volume of the thoracic cavity during breathing is due to the alternate contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm (Figure 11.17). It separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, and is dome-shaped at rest. The superior surface of the diaphragm is convex, creating the elevated floor of the... | train | sciq | null |
What is the smallest unit of matter that still maintains it's properties of being an element? | [
"an electron",
"a cell",
"a proton",
"an atom"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Evolution occurs by what process whereby better-adapted members pass along their traits, according to darwin? | [
"spontaneous variation",
"natural change",
"natural selection",
"organic selection"
] | C | Evolution is a change in the characteristics of living things over time. As described by Darwin, evolution occurs by a process called natural selection . In natural selection, some members of a species, being better adapted or suited to their environment, produce more offspring than others, so they pass "advantageous t... | train | sciq | null |
In flowering plants, male gametophytes are in grains of what? | [
"pollen",
"viruses",
"nitrogen",
"bacteria"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
How many different ways can molecules pass through a phospholipid membrane? | [
"five",
"six",
"three",
"four"
] | C | There are three main ways that molecules can pass through a phospholipid membrane. The first way requires no energy input by the cell and is called passive transport. The second way requires that the cell uses energy to pull in or pump out certain molecules and ions and is called active transport. The third way is thro... | train | sciq | null |
Snow and rain are forms of what weather? | [
"cold fronts",
"precipitation",
"sediment",
"evaporation"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
There is a positive correlation between the ability to conduct thermal energy and what other energy, as exemplified by metals? | [
"nuclear",
"elastic",
"gravitational",
"electricity"
] | D | Your feet feel cold as you walk barefoot across the living room carpet in your cold house and then step onto the kitchen tile floor. This result is intriguing, since the carpet and tile floor are both at the same temperature. The different sensation you feel is explained by the different rates of heat transfer: the hea... | train | sciq | null |
Most ocean waves are caused by what? | [
"radiation",
"wind",
"animals",
"gravity"
] | B | A: Most ocean waves are caused by wind blowing across the water. Moving air molecules transfer some of their energy to molecules of ocean water. The energy travels across the surface of the water in waves. The stronger the winds are blowing, the larger the waves are and the more energy they have. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of climates are found at or near the equator? | [
"arctic climates",
"dry grasslands",
"tropical climates",
"tundra"
] | C | Tropical climates are found at or near the Equator. Because warm air rises at the Equator, there is a lot of rain. | train | sciq | null |
The uranium series is a chain constituting one what, which encompass naturally occurring isotopes of the heaviest elements? | [
"nuclear decay family",
"fuel decay family",
"gland decay family",
"radioactive decay family"
] | D | Radioactive Decay Series The naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of the heaviest elements fall into chains of successive disintegrations, or decays, and all the species in one chain constitute a radioactive family, or radioactive decay series. Three of these series include most of the naturally radioactive element... | train | sciq | null |
Producing light without a high temperature is called? | [
"luminescence",
"plasma",
"effervescence",
"fluorescence"
] | A | Producing light without a high temperature is called luminescence. Types of luminescence include fluorescence, electroluminescence, and bioluminescence. | train | sciq | null |
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship that has what effect on both species involved? | [
"destructive",
"beneficial",
"disadvantageous",
"harmful"
] | B | Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. | train | sciq | null |
What do you call chemical reactions that take place inside living things? | [
"autonomous reactions",
"contaminated reactions",
"biochemical reactions",
"physical reactions"
] | C | Chemical reactions that take place inside living things are called biochemical reactions . Living things depend on biochemical reactions for more than just energy. Every function and structure of a living organism depends on thousands of biochemical reactions taking place in each cell. | train | sciq | null |
What types of blood cells are required for aerobic respiration? | [
"white blood cells",
"large blood cells",
"red blood cells",
"grey blood cells"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
The phase transition of a substance changing from a liquid state to a gaseous state is an example of what? | [
"trichina",
"catostrophy",
"entropoy",
"spirogyra"
] | C | There are many examples in the chemical world of changes in entropy. Phase transitions are one obvious example. When a substance makes a transition from the liquid state to the gaseous state, the particles have many more possible arrangements, because they are no longer confined to a specified volume in which they are ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the fracture called when rocks on both sides move? | [
"a fault",
"a shear",
"a crevice",
"a stress fracture"
] | A | If the rocks on one or both sides of a fracture move, the fracture is called a fault ( Figure below ). Faults can occur alone or in clusters. A cluster of faults creates a fault zone . Earthquakes happen when rocks break and move suddenly. The energy released causes an earthquake. | train | sciq | null |
In heart muscle, what released by neurons activates a signal transduction pathway? | [
"dopamine",
"glutamate",
"acetylcholine",
"glucose"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What do some plants produce that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal? | [
"roots",
"leaves",
"stems",
"fruit"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
In a generator, work done to turn the coil is converted to what type of energy? | [
"solar",
"voltage",
"power",
"electric"
] | D | Figure 23.5 Rotation of a coil in a magnetic field produces an emf. This is the basic construction of a generator, where work done to turn the coil is converted to electric energy. Note the generator is very similar in construction to a motor. | train | sciq | null |
What do you call a pattern of stars in the night sky? | [
"cluster",
"Solar Systems",
"constellation",
"planets"
] | C | This is a constellation, a pattern of stars in the night sky. This constellation is called Orion. The features you can see best are his belt and sword. You can see Orion's belt in the sky from many locations. These stars are very bright. For many constellations, the stars are not near each other. They just happen to ap... | train | sciq | null |
An antigen is a macromolecule that reacts with components of what? | [
"circulatory system",
"pulmonary system",
"immune system",
"digestion system"
] | C | Figure 42.10 An antigen is a macromolecule that reacts with components of the immune system. A given antigen may contain several motifs that are recognized by immune cells. Each motif is an epitope. In this figure, the entire structure is an antigen, and the orange, salmon and green components projecting from it repres... | train | sciq | null |
The measure of a substances entropy at 25 degrees celsius is known as it's? | [
"standard entropy",
"limited entropy",
"specific entropy",
"new entropy"
] | A | As the temperature of a perfect crystal increases, its particles start to vibrate slightly around their optimal positions, thus increasing the entropy of the system. The dependence of entropy on temperature varies by substance, so the only temperature at which all crystals have the same entropy is absolute zero. The st... | train | sciq | null |
Gastric emptying is regulated by both the stomach and what other digestive structure? | [
"appendix",
"small intestine",
"duodenum",
"esophagus"
] | C | greater amount of chyme at one time would overwhelm the capacity of the small intestine to handle it. The rest of the chyme is pushed back into the body of the stomach, where it continues mixing. This process is repeated when the next mixing waves force more chyme into the duodenum. Gastric emptying is regulated by bot... | train | sciq | null |
What is the type of cell division where the number of chromosomes is reduced in half? | [
"cloning",
"mitosis",
"meiosis",
"interphase"
] | C | The process that produces haploid gametes is meiosis. Meiosis is a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. It occurs only in certain special cells of the organisms. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate, and haploid cells form that have only one chromosome from each pair. ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most common cause of lung cancer? | [
"tobacco smoke exposure",
"restaurant smoke exposure",
"tree smoke exposure",
"coal smoke exposure"
] | A | The new cells gradually move up through the epidermis toward the surface of the body. As they move, they produce the tough, fibrous protein called keratin. | train | sciq | null |
Some consumers such as the mushroom get their energy from what? | [
"inorganic matter",
"dead organic matter",
"solar energy",
"minerals"
] | B | Some consumers such as the mushroom in Figure above get their energy from dead organic matter. For example, they might consume dead leaves on a forest floor. | train | sciq | null |
What does the second number in a blood pressure reading measure? | [
"optimal pressure",
"external pressure",
"epithelial pressure",
"diastolic pressure"
] | D | Blood pressure is read as two numbers. The first number is the systolic pressure. The systolic pressure is the pressure on the blood vessels when the heart beats. This is the time when there is the highest pressure in the arteries. The diastolic pressure, which is the second number, is when your blood pressure is lowes... | train | sciq | null |
The rock of the mantle is mostly what? | [
"crystalline",
"peridotite",
"metamorphic",
"silicon"
] | B | The rock of the mantle is mostly peridotite. Peridotite is formed of crystals of olivine (green) and pyroxene (black). | train | sciq | null |
Ocean ridges formed by marine invertebrates living in warm shallow waters within the photic zone of the ocean are called what? | [
"lagoon",
"break water",
"coral reefs",
"trenches"
] | C | In which of the following regions would you expect to find photosynthetic organisms? a. The aphotic zone, the neritic zone, the oceanic zone, and the benthic realm. The photic zone, the intertidal zone, the neritic zone, and the oceanic zone. The photic zone, the abyssal zone, the neritic zone, and the oceanic zone. Th... | train | sciq | null |
What compound is formed when there are sparking electrical equipment? | [
"water",
"smog",
"ozone",
"carbon"
] | C | The sharp odor associated with sparking electrical equipment is due, in part, to ozone. | train | sciq | null |
What is the number of protons in the nucleus? | [
"atomic number",
"metallic number",
"element",
"atomic mass"
] | A | At least by our current understanding, a given atom can be defined by its atomic number and its mass number. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus. All atoms with a given atomic number are the same element, because the chemical properties of an atom are primarily determined by the number of positive... | train | sciq | null |
What organism is at the top of the energy pyramid? | [
"herbivore",
"insects",
"primate",
"carnivore"
] | D | Each step of the food chain in the energy pyramid is called a trophic level . Plants or other photosynthetic organisms ( autotrophs ) are found on the first trophic level, at the bottom of the pyramid. The next level will be the herbivores, and then the carnivores that eat the herbivores. The energy pyramid ( Figure be... | train | sciq | null |
What structure of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body, then pumps the blood into the right ventricle? | [
"right ventricle",
"left atrium",
"right atrium",
"left ventricle"
] | C | One path of blood in the heart is through the right atrium and right ventricle. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body. It pumps the blood into the right ventricle. Then the right ventricle pumps the blood out of the heart to the lungs. This path through the heart is part of the pulmonary circulation... | train | sciq | null |
Which organelle is often compared to a post office, moving proteins and lipids to where they need to go? | [
"the nucleus",
"the cytoplasm",
"the golgi apparatus",
"the cell wall"
] | C | The Golgi apparatus is a large organelle that sends proteins and lipids where they need to go. It’s like a post office. It receives molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum. It packages and labels the molecules. Then it sends them where they are needed. Some molecules are sent to different parts of the cell. Others are... | train | sciq | null |
What takes both the shape and the volume of their container? | [
"fluids",
"tissues",
"solids",
"gases"
] | D | Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container. Gases take both the volume and the shape of their container. | train | sciq | null |
What is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life? | [
"the cell",
"tissues",
"nucleii",
"organs"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Where are most of the organs contained in insects? | [
"appendages",
"thorax",
"the abdomen",
"head"
] | C | Like other arthropods, insects have three body segments and many jointed appendages. The abdomen contains most of the internal organs. Six legs are attached to the thorax. There are several appendages on the insect’s head:. | train | sciq | null |
The appendicular skeleton is made up of all bones of the upper and lower what? | [
"organs",
"digestive tract",
"hemispheres",
"limbs"
] | D | Figure 7.2 Axial and Appendicular Skeleton The axial skeleton supports the head, neck, back, and chest and thus forms the vertical axis of the body. It consists of the skull, vertebral column (including the sacrum and coccyx), and the thoracic cage, formed by the ribs and sternum. The appendicular skeleton is made up o... | train | sciq | null |
What can be thought of as the capacity a device has for storing charge? | [
"velocity",
"capacitance",
"potential",
"resonance"
] | B | The amount of charge, , held by each plate is given by where again is the voltage difference between the plates and is the capacitance of the plate configuration. Capacitance can be thought of as the capacity a device has for storing charge . In the parallel plate case the capacitance is given by where is the area of t... | train | sciq | null |
What do electromagnetic receptors detect? | [
"dangerous radiation",
"subtle radiation",
"electromagnetic radiation",
"background radiation"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Nutrients from food are absorbed by the blood for transport around the body as part of what system? | [
"circulatory",
"respiratory",
"digestive",
"growth"
] | C | In the digestive system, food is digested and its nutrients are absorbed by the blood for transport around the body. The blood is part of the cardiovascular system. | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when plants release water vapor through stomata (leaf pores)? | [
"evaporation",
"inhalation",
"transpiration",
"crystallization"
] | C | Transpiration occurs when plants release water vapor through leaf pores called stomata (see Figure below ). The water is a product of photosynthesis. | train | sciq | null |
The stomach mucosa’s epithelial lining consists only of surface mucus cells, which secrete a protective coat of what? | [
"bile mucus",
"acidic mucus",
"phosphate mucus",
"alkaline mucus"
] | D | The stomach mucosa’s epithelial lining consists only of surface mucus cells, which secrete a protective coat of alkaline mucus. A vast number of gastric pits dot the surface of the epithelium, giving it the appearance of a well-used pincushion, and mark the entry to each gastric gland, which secretes a complex digestiv... | train | sciq | null |
A substance too big to be pumped across the cell membrane may enter or leave the cell by what method? | [
"absorption",
"vesicle transport",
"passive transpiration",
"vesicle infusion"
] | B | Some substances are too big to be pumped across the cell membrane. They may enter or leave the cell by vesicle transport . This takes energy, so it's another form of active transport. You can see how vesicle transport occurs in Figure below . | train | sciq | null |
What is the process in which unstable nuclei become stable by emitting particles and energy and changing to different elements called? | [
"radioactive decay",
"initial decay",
"nuclear decay",
"radioactive decrease"
] | A | Radioactive decay is the process in which unstable nuclei become stable by emitting particles and energy and changing to different elements. There are three types of radioactive decay: alpha, beta, and gamma decay. Each differs in what is emitted, how far it can travel, and what it can penetrate. | train | sciq | null |
Most taste buds on the tongue are associated with nipple-shaped projections called what? | [
"mucosa",
"antennae",
"papillae",
"cilia"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What is the lowest energy state of the atom called? | [
"work state",
"active state",
"ground state",
"base state"
] | C | The electrons in an atom tend to be arranged in such a way that the energy of the atom is as low as possible. The ground state of an atom is the lowest energy state of the atom. When those atoms are given energy, the electrons absorb the energy and move to a higher energy level. These energy levels of the electrons in ... | train | sciq | null |
What kind of diseases involve the immune system accidentally attacking healthy body cells? | [
"autoimmune",
"inflammation",
"contagious diseases",
"metabolic"
] | A | Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system fails to recognize the body’s own molecules as “self,” or belonging to the person. Instead, it attacks body cells as though they were dangerous pathogens. Some relatively common autoimmune diseases are listed in Table below . These diseases cannot be cured, although they... | train | sciq | null |
Bacteria may divide several what an hour? | [
"hosts",
"times",
"cells",
"days"
] | B | Asexual reproduction can be very rapid. This is an advantage for many organisms. It allows these organisms to crowd out other organisms that reproduce more slowly. Bacteria, for example, may divide several times per hour. Under ideal conditions, 100 bacteria can divide to produce millions of bacterial cells in just a f... | train | sciq | null |
The partial pressure of each gas in a mixture is proportional to its what? | [
"mesh fraction",
"chemical fraction",
"mole fraction",
"lactic fraction"
] | C | The partial pressure of each gas in a mixture is proportional to its mole fraction. KEY EQUATIONS Mole fraction. | train | sciq | null |
The combination decomposition or rearrangement of elements and compounds to form new substances is known as? | [
"carbon changes",
"mineral changes",
"ionic changes",
"chemical changes"
] | D | As the rust forms on the surface of the iron, it flakes off to expose more iron, which will continue to rust. Rust is clearly a substance that is different from iron. Rusting is an example of a chemical change. Some chemical changes are not as obvious but are still hugely important. For example, photosynthesis and cell... | train | sciq | null |
When is melatonin secreted? | [
"at night",
"in the morning",
"in the afternoon",
"all day"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
In which phase do the chromosomes duplicate? | [
"interphase",
"prophase",
"mitosis",
"metaphase"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Which muscle is a band-like muscle that extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial side? | [
"soleus",
"sartorius",
"vastus medialis",
"tibialis anterior"
] | B | The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and extend the leg. This compartment contains the quadriceps femoris group, which actually comprises four muscles that extend and stabilize the knee. The rectus femoris is on the anterior aspect of the thigh, the vastus lateralis is on the lateral aspe... | train | sciq | null |
Filter feeders, such as sponges, pump water into their body through what structures? | [
"valves",
"fibers",
"pores",
"lungs"
] | C | Sponges are filter feeders. They pump water into their body through their pores. The water flows through a large central cavity called the spongocoel (see Figure above ). As the water flows by, specialized collar cells filter out food particles such as bacteria. Collar cells have tiny hairs that trap the particles. The... | train | sciq | null |
What are ionic solutes? | [
"salts",
"solvent",
"electrolytes",
"carbohydrates"
] | C | Each substance can be classified as an ionic solute or a nonionic solute. Ionic solutes are electrolytes, and nonionic solutes are nonelectrolytes. Potassium chloride is an ionic compound; therefore, when it dissolves, its ions separate, making it an electrolyte. Fructose is a sugar similar to glucose. (In fact, it has... | train | sciq | null |
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