question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
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Bread has little holes in it from carbon dioxide produced by what? | [
"bacteria",
"yeast",
"sugar",
"water"
] | B | Bread has little holes in it from carbon dioxide produced by yeast. | train | sciq | null |
What unit are atomic radii typically measured in? | [
"picometers",
"powers",
"radons",
"sporozoans"
] | A | Atomic radii have been measured for elements. The units for atomic radii are picometers, equal to 10 -12 meters. As an example, the internuclear distance between the two hydrogen atoms in an H 2 molecule is measured to be 74 pm. Therefore, the atomic radius of a hydrogen atom is . | train | sciq | null |
What are fungus like protists? | [
"lichen and kelp",
"water molds and mushrooms",
"slime molds and water molds",
"slime molds and water lilies"
] | C | Examples of fungus-like protists include slime molds and water molds. | train | sciq | null |
Alpha, beta, and gamma emissions are associated with what kind of energy? | [
"potential",
"radiation",
"electrical",
"kinetic"
] | B | Alpha, beta, and gamma emissions have different abilities to penetrate matter. The relatively large alpha particle is easily stopped by matter (although it may impart a significant amount of energy to the matter it contacts). Beta particles penetrate slightly into matter, perhaps a few centimeters at most. Gamma rays c... | train | sciq | null |
Transport of nutrients and regulation of body temperature through fluid flow are characteristics of which bodily system? | [
"peripheral",
"reproductive",
"cardiovascular",
"gastrointestinal"
] | C | Two horrific contraptions on frictionless wheels are compressing a spring by compared to its uncompressed (equilibrium) length. Each of the vehicles is stationary and they are connected by a string. The string is cut! Find the speeds of the vehicles once they lose contact with the spring. | train | sciq | null |
What are the two components of a mixture called? | [
"nutrients and a solvent",
"solute and a solvent",
"concentration and a solvent",
"acid and base"
] | B | Combinations of different substances are called mixtures. | train | sciq | null |
Insulin is produced by what cells of the pancreas? | [
"beta",
"alpha",
"platelet",
"gamma"
] | A | Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels by Insulin and Glucagon Cells of the body require nutrients in order to function, and these nutrients are obtained through feeding. In order to manage nutrient intake, storing excess intake and utilizing reserves when necessary, the body uses hormones to moderate energy stores. Insuli... | train | sciq | null |
What is the arch called that forms when plasma of the sun flows along the loop that connects sunspots? | [
"large prominence",
"vertical prominence",
"Energy prominence.",
"solar prominence"
] | D | Another amazing feature on the Sun is solar prominences. Plasma flows along the loop that connects sunspots. This plasma forms a glowing arch. The arch is a solar prominence. Solar prominences can reach thousands of kilometers into the Sun’s atmosphere. Prominences can last for a day to several months. Prominences can ... | train | sciq | null |
What does some amphibians have as juveniles but not as adults living on land? | [
"microscopic line system",
"kinetic line system",
"vertical line system",
"lateral line system"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Ejaculation occurs when muscle contractions propel sperm from where? | [
"penis",
"urinary track",
"epididymes",
"cervix"
] | C | Sperm are released from the body during ejaculation. Ejaculation occurs when muscle contractions propel sperm from the epididymes. The sperm are forced through the ducts and out of the body through the urethra. As sperm travel through the ducts, they mix with fluids from the glands to form semen. Hundreds of millions o... | train | sciq | null |
Adult sea stars have what kind of symmetry? | [
"biological symmetry",
"hydrological symmetry",
"skeletal symmetry",
"radial symmetry"
] | D | Adult sea stars and other echinoderms have obvious radial symmetry. What evidence supports the claim that echinoderms evolved from an ancestor with bilateral symmetry?. | train | sciq | null |
The four types of light receptors include different types of cones and what else? | [
"joints",
"neutrons",
"quarks",
"rods"
] | D | 26.3 Color and Color Vision • The eye has four types of light receptors—rods and three types of color-sensitive cones. • The rods are good for night vision, peripheral vision, and motion changes, while the cones are responsible for central vision and color. • We perceive many hues, from light having mixtures of wavelen... | train | sciq | null |
In what do substances combine chemically to form a new substance? | [
"component",
"compound",
"element",
"suspension"
] | B | A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in any proportion. This is different from a compound, which consists of substances in fixed proportions. The substances in a mixture also do not combine chemically to form a new substance, as they do in a compound. Instead, they just intermingle and keep their origin... | train | sciq | null |
What is the colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor used in smelling salts? | [
"ammonia",
"nitrogen",
"helium",
"hydrogen"
] | A | Ammonia is a colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor. Smelling salts utilize this powerful odor. Gaseous ammonia readily liquefies to give a colorless liquid that boils at −33 °C. Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, the enthalpy of vaporization of liquid ammonia is higher than that of any other liquid except water... | train | sciq | null |
Groupings of related organs in the human body are referred to as "organ" what? | [
"conditions",
"systems",
"functions",
"bodies"
] | B | Human organ systems work together to carry out many of their functions. The skeletal and muscular systems are no exception. | train | sciq | null |
The enzymes that participate in fatty acid catabolism are located in what? | [
"atoms",
"carbohydrates",
"nucleus",
"mitochondria"
] | D | Like glucose, the fatty acids released in the digestion of triglycerides and other lipids are broken down in a series of sequential reactions accompanied by the gradual release of usable energy. Some of these reactions are oxidative and require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (F... | train | sciq | null |
Which organ of the body do large tapeworms attack or block? | [
"heart",
"intestines",
"kidneys",
"liver"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
The sternum and 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages make up what? | [
"heart cage",
"thoracic cage",
"the core",
"chest cage"
] | B | Figure 7.32 Thoracic Cage The thoracic cage is formed by the (a) sternum and (b) 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. The sternum consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The ribs are classified as true ribs (1–7) and false ribs (8–1... | train | sciq | null |
Which lipid is mainly responsible for narrowing arteries and causing the disease atherosclerosis? | [
"unsaturated fat",
"saturated fat",
"monoglyceride",
"cholesterol"
] | D | Although some lipids in the diet are essential, excess dietary lipids can be harmful. Because lipids are very high in energy, eating too many may lead to unhealthy weight gain. A high-fat diet may also increase lipid levels in the blood. This, in turn, can increase the risk for health problems such as cardiovascular di... | train | sciq | null |
Physical or chemical changes are generally accompanied by a transfer of what? | [
"pressure",
"shape",
"energy",
"color"
] | C | When physical or chemical changes occur, they are generally accompanied by a transfer of energy. The law of conservation of energy states that in any physical or chemical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed. In other words, the entire energy in the universe is conserved. In order to better understand the e... | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for a dynamic equilibrium that is maintained in body tissues and organs? | [
"homogeneity",
"homeostasis",
"metabolism",
"dormancy"
] | B | 33.3 Homeostasis Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium that is maintained in body tissues and organs. It is dynamic because it is constantly adjusting to the changes that the systems encounter. It is in equilibrium because body functions are kept within a normal range, with some fluctuations around a set point for the p... | train | sciq | null |
What has a pseudocoelom and hydrostatic skeleton? | [
"gymnosperms",
"roundworms",
"vertebrates",
"omnivores"
] | B | Roundworms make up the phylum Nematoda. They have a pseudocoelom and hydrostatic skeleton. Their body is covered with tough cuticle. Free-living roundworms are found mainly in freshwater habitats. Parasitic roundworms have a variety of hosts, including humans. | train | sciq | null |
In what two ways are volcanic eruptions characterized? | [
"non-explosive and serious",
"explosive and non-explosive",
"localized and general",
"minor and explosive"
] | B | Eruptions can be explosive or non-explosive. Only rarely do gentle and explosive eruptions happen in the same volcano. | train | sciq | null |
Each enhancer is made up of short dna sequences called what? | [
"pisttal control elements",
"distal control elements",
"electrolysis control elements",
"fibrous control elements"
] | B | Figure 16.9 An enhancer is a DNA sequence that promotes transcription. Each enhancer is made up of short DNA sequences called distal control elements. Activators bound to the distal control elements interact with mediator proteins and transcription factors. Two different genes may have the same promoter but different d... | train | sciq | null |
For a star to form, what force pulls gas and dust into the center of the nebula? | [
"motion",
"gravity",
"centrifugal force",
"weight"
] | B | For a star to form, gravity pulls gas and dust into the center of the nebula. As the material becomes denser, the pressure and the temperature increase. When the temperature of the center becomes hot enough, nuclear fusion begins. The ball of gas has become a star!. | train | sciq | null |
What do you call elements that contain only atoms of one type of element? | [
"typical elements",
"reactive elements",
"native elements",
"noble gases"
] | C | Native elements contain only atoms of one type of element. They are not combined with other elements. There are very few examples of these types of minerals. Some native elements are rare and valuable. Gold, silver, sulfur, and diamond are examples. | train | sciq | null |
The organ systems of the body work together to carry out life processes and maintain what? | [
"homeostasis",
"movement",
"freshness",
"consciousness"
] | A | The organ systems of the body work together to carry out life processes and maintain homeostasis. | train | sciq | null |
This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called what? | [
"activation",
"assimilation",
"hydration",
"hybridization"
] | D | Quantum-mechanical calculations suggest why the observed bond angles in H2O differ from those predicted by the overlap of the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atoms with the 2p orbitals of the oxygen atom. The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike prop... | train | sciq | null |
Carbon is a nonmetal with a significantly higher electronegativity; it is therefore more likely to accept electrons in what kind of reaction? | [
"redox reaction",
"isotope reaction",
"reversable reaction",
"catalyst reaction"
] | A | a reductant or an oxidant; it is also a Lewis base. The other reactant (Cl2) is an oxidant, so we expect a redox reaction to occur in which the carbon of CO is further oxidized. Because Cl2 is a two-electron oxidant and the carbon atom of CO can be oxidized by two electrons to the +4 oxidation state, the product is pho... | train | sciq | null |
What is denoted by the number above the chemical symbol of each element in a modern periodic table? | [
"atomic weight",
"atomic number",
"electron count",
"metallic number"
] | B | In the modern periodic table, each element is represented by its chemical symbol. The number above each symbol is its atomic number. Atomic numbers increase from left to right and from top to bottom in the table. | train | sciq | null |
What does the tires meeting the road cause when a car accelerates? | [
"friction",
"thrust",
"vibration",
"erosion"
] | A | A bowling ball rolls down a lane at a constant velocity. (e) A car accelerates down the road. There is friction between the tires and the road. | train | sciq | null |
What gas is contributing to the greenhouse effect? | [
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"sodium chloride",
"carbon dioxide"
] | D | Another major problem caused by air pollution is global climate change. Gases such as carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels increase the natural greenhouse effect. This raises the temperature of Earth’s surface. | train | sciq | null |
A complex interactions of hormones result in an edible fruit that entices animals that help disperse what? | [
"rocks",
"water",
"seeds",
"pests"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What are the cells caused that parasites spread through their host? | [
"protists",
"fungi spores",
"prokaryotes",
"sporozoites"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
When can mutations occur in genes? | [
"after rna replication",
"during dna replication",
"during rna replication",
"after dna replication"
] | B | The Evolution of Promoters The evolution of genes may be a familiar concept. Mutations can occur in genes during DNA replication, and the result may or may not be beneficial to the cell. By altering an enzyme, structural protein, or some other factor, the process of mutation can transform functions or physical features... | train | sciq | null |
The sites of protein synthesis are tiny structures called? | [
"prokaryotes",
"ribosomes",
"crystals",
"protons"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Mollusks, annelids, and arthropods are considered what? | [
"protisines",
"micelles",
"protostomes",
"detritivores"
] | C | Mollusks, annelids, and arthropods are protostomes. Echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes. This distinction is important. Why does it matter? It shows that echinoderms are more closely related to chordates than are the other invertebrate phyla. This is not apparent based on other, more obvious traits. | train | sciq | null |
One of the simplest machines is the lever, which is a rigid bar pivoted at a fixed place called what? | [
"sling",
"caliper",
"fulcrum",
"wheel"
] | C | One of the simplest machines is the lever, which is a rigid bar pivoted at a fixed place called the fulcrum. Torques are involved in levers, since there is rotation about a pivot point. Distances from the physical pivot of the lever are crucial, and we can obtain a useful expression for the MA in terms of these distanc... | train | sciq | null |
In essence, a virus is simply a nucleic acid surrounded by what? | [
"a protein coat",
"a polypeptide",
"a polymer coat",
"a membrane coat"
] | A | A virus is a sub-microscopic particle that can infect living cells. Viruses are much smaller than prokaryotic organisms. In essence, a virus is simply a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat, as seen in the Figure below . This outer coat is called a capsid . Viruses will be discussed in more detail in the Viruses c... | train | sciq | null |
How does the number of protons compare to the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom? | [
"they are equal",
"they are double",
"they are half",
"they are triple"
] | A | In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. | train | sciq | null |
The scientific method is a method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful what? | [
"observation",
"consideration",
"estimation",
"discovery"
] | A | that have taken place during this time. There are however, areas of knowledge and human experience that the methods of science cannot be applied to. These include such things as answering purely moral questions, aesthetic questions, or what can be generally categorized as spiritual questions. Science has cannot investi... | train | sciq | null |
The protist life cycle benefits by including what forms of reproduction? | [
"asexual and biological",
"asexual and sexual",
"ideal and sexual",
"atypical and sexual"
] | B | Most protists also have a complex life cycle. The life cycle of an organism is the cycle of phases it goes through until it returns to the starting phase. The protist life cycle includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. Why reproduce both ways? Each way has benefits. Asexual reproduction is fast. It allows rapid p... | train | sciq | null |
With what does cytokinins act in concert to stimulate cell division and influence the pathway of differentiation? | [
"auxin",
"dna",
"ribosomes",
"hormone"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Puberty and other physical changes occurs during which stage of development? | [
"adolescence",
"adulthood",
"infancy",
"childhood"
] | A | Adolescence includes the physical changes of puberty among other changes. | train | sciq | null |
What makes organic compounds ubiquitous is the chemistry of their what? | [
"dioxide shell",
"carbon core",
"dioxide core",
"carbon shell"
] | B | The Chemistry of Carbon What makes organic compounds ubiquitous is the chemistry of their carbon core. Recall that carbon atoms have four electrons in their valence shell, and that the octet rule dictates that atoms tend to react in such a way as to complete their valence shell with eight electrons. Carbon atoms do not... | train | sciq | null |
What type of drugs can increase water loss by interfering with the recapture of solutes and water from the forming urine? | [
"disassociates",
"sedatives",
"diuretics",
"hallucinogens"
] | C | Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Diuretics are drugs that can increase water loss by interfering with the recapture of solutes and water from the forming urine. They are often prescribed to lower blood pressure. Coffee, tea, and alcoholic beverages are familiar diuretics. ADH, a 9-amino acid peptide released by the posterior... | train | sciq | null |
This type of tissue consists of bundles of xylem and phloem and transports fluids throughout the plant. | [
"vascular tissue",
"nonvascular tissue",
"cytoplasm",
"dermal tissue"
] | A | Vascular tissue runs through the ground tissue inside a plant. It consists of bundles of xylem and phloem, which transport fluids throughout the plant. | train | sciq | null |
What is the scientific name of the thighbone, the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body? | [
"humerus",
"fibula",
"femur",
"tibia"
] | C | The femur, or thighbone, is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body. The femur and pelvis form the hip joint at the proximal end. At the distal end, the femur, tibia, and patella form the knee joint. The patella, or kneecap, is a triangular bone that lies anterior to the knee joint. The patella is embedde... | train | sciq | null |
What determines which type of precipitation falls? | [
"air pressure",
"air currents",
"ground temperature",
"air temperature"
] | D | Why does it snow instead of rain? Air temperature determines which type of precipitation falls. Rain falls if the air temperature is above freezing (0° C or 32° F). Frozen precipitation falls if the air or ground is below freezing. Frozen precipitation may fall as snow, sleet, or freezing rain. You can see how the diff... | train | sciq | null |
Algae is a promising alternative to traditional crops for what type of fuels? | [
"biofuel",
"fertilizer",
"non-renewable",
"fossil"
] | A | Algae is the focus of much research. Algae is a very promising alternative to traditional crops for biofuels. | train | sciq | null |
Cancers derived from epithelial cells are referred to as what? | [
"carcinomas",
"adenomas",
"caricatures",
"nodules"
] | A | Tissues and Cancer Cancer is a generic term for many diseases in which cells escape regulatory signals. Uncontrolled growth, invasion into adjacent tissues, and colonization of other organs, if not treated early enough, are its hallmarks. Health suffers when tumors “rob” blood supply from the “normal” organs. A mutatio... | train | sciq | null |
Vibrating objects such as drumheads produce what? | [
"light",
"sound energy",
"heat",
"negative ions"
] | B | Vibrating objects such as drumheads produce sound energy. | train | sciq | null |
What two element makes up a hyrdocarbon? | [
"nitrogen and carbon",
"hydrogen and carbonite",
"carbon and hydrogen",
"helium and carbon"
] | C | The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons and are composed of carbon and hydrogen. | train | sciq | null |
What are monosaccharides and disaccharides also called? | [
"simple chemicals",
"basic sugars",
"simple sugars",
"complex sugars"
] | C | An example of a disaccharide is sucrose (table sugar), which consists of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose ( Figure below ). Other common disaccharides include lactose ("milk sugar") and maltose. Monosaccharides and disaccharides are also called simple sugars . They provide the major source of energy to living c... | train | sciq | null |
Terrestrial biomes are associated with land, while aquatic ones are associated with what? | [
"air",
"blood",
"plants",
"water"
] | D | 20.3 Terrestrial Biomes Earth has terrestrial and aquatic biomes. Aquatic biomes include both freshwater and marine environments. There are eight major terrestrial biomes: tropical rainforests, savannas, subtropical deserts, chaparral, temperate grasslands, temperate forests, boreal forests, and Arctic tundra. The same... | train | sciq | null |
Different shapes often correlate with different what in cells? | [
"enzymes",
"types",
"functions",
"systems"
] | C | Cells with different functions often have different shapes. The cells pictured in Figure below are just a few examples of the many different shapes that cells may have. Each type of cell in the figure has a shape that helps it do its job. For example, the job of the nerve cell is to carry messages to other cells. The n... | train | sciq | null |
What structure is found at the top of the head of the sperm that helps it penetrate and fertilize the egg? | [
"centriole",
"axial filament",
"acrosome",
"terminal disc"
] | C | of human sperm as well as a diagram of the parts of the sperm. An acrosome is found at the top of the head of the sperm. This structure contains lysosomal enzymes that can digest the protective coverings that surround the egg to help the sperm penetrate and fertilize the egg. An ejaculate will contain from two to five ... | train | sciq | null |
What makes up most of biological tissues? | [
"water",
"air",
"bone",
"muscle"
] | A | Biological tissue consists primarily of water, which absorbs electromagnetic radiation in the infrared region of the spectrum. Suggest a plausible reason for using carbon dioxide lasers in surgery. | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when some substances change chemically to other substances? | [
"spontaneous mutation",
"toxic reaction",
"hormonal reaction",
"chemical reaction"
] | D | A chemical reaction occurs when some substances change chemically to other substances. Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. | train | sciq | null |
What type of butterfly do birds avoid eating since it makes them sick? | [
"pyralidae",
"sphingidae",
"monarch butterflies",
"noctuidae"
] | C | Many birds learn to avoid eating monarch butterflies, like the one pictured in Figure below . Monarch butterflies taste bad and make birds sick. In this case, the behavior is learned because it is punished with a nasty taste and illness. | train | sciq | null |
Birds possess a cloaca, a structure that allows water to be reabsorbed from waste back into this? | [
"eggs",
"blood stream",
"skin",
"intestines"
] | B | Other modifications that reduce weight include the lack of a urinary bladder. Birds possess a cloaca, a structure that allows water to be reabsorbed from waste back into the bloodstream. Uric acid is not expelled as a liquid but is concentrated into urate salts, which are expelled along with fecal matter. In this way, ... | train | sciq | null |
What contain organelles common to other cells, such as a nucleus and mitochondria, and also have more specialized structures, including dendrites and axons? | [
"blood cells",
"neurons",
"muscle cells",
"follicles"
] | B | Figure 16.19 Neurons contain organelles common to other cells, such as a nucleus and mitochondria. They also have more specialized structures, including dendrites and axons. | train | sciq | null |
Hurricanes and winter storms both develop from what, which often form when the jet stream dips south in the winter? | [
"cyclones",
"waves",
"tides",
"typhoons"
] | A | Like hurricanes, winter storms develop from cyclones. But in the case of winter storms, the cyclones form at higher latitudes. In North America, cyclones often form when the jet stream dips south in the winter. This lets dry polar air pour south. At the same time, warm moist air from the Gulf of Mexico flows north. Whe... | train | sciq | null |
Which body system controls all the others by sending electrical messages? | [
"the endocrine system",
"the nervous system",
"the specialized system",
"the localized system"
] | B | The nervous system sends electrical messages throughout the body and controls all other body systems. | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when water on the surface changes to water vapor? | [
"condensation",
"evaporation",
"oxidation",
"photosynthesis"
] | B | Evaporation occurs when water on the surface changes to water vapor. The sun heats the water and gives water molecules enough energy to escape into the atmosphere. | train | sciq | null |
What is the position of rock layers and the relative ages called? | [
"bifurcation",
"metamorphism",
"superposition",
"diffraction"
] | C | Superposition refers to the position of rock layers and their relative ages. Relative age means age in comparison with other rocks, either younger or older. The relative ages of rocks are important for understanding Earth’s history. New rock layers are always deposited on top of existing rock layers. Therefore, deeper ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the field of biology that focuses on the study of inheritance in humans? | [
"generational biology",
"relational biology",
"computational biology",
"human genetics"
] | D | Human genetics is the field of biology that focuses on the study of inheritance in humans. | train | sciq | null |
The acidity of a solution is typically assessed experimentally by measurement of its what? | [
"ph",
"mass",
"color",
"density"
] | A | The acidity of a solution is typically assessed experimentally by measurement of its pH. The pOH of a solution is not usually measured, as it is easily calculated from an experimentally determined pH value. The pH of a solution can be directly measured using a pH meter (Figure 14.4). | train | sciq | null |
Where is chemical energy stored? | [
"cell wall",
"nucleus",
"atom bonds",
"ribosomes"
] | C | 2. Chemical energy is energy that is stored in the bonds between the atoms of compounds. If the bonds are broken, the energy is released and can be converted to other forms of energy. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas? | [
"ancient",
"storage",
"sediment",
"fossil"
] | D | Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are the greatest energy source for modern society. Millions of years ago, plants used energy from the Sun to form carbon compounds. These compounds were later transformed into coal, oil, or natural gas. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form. For this r... | train | sciq | null |
What do you call the slope that forms the edge of the continent? | [
"the land slope",
"the prevalent slope",
"the cataclysmic slope",
"the continental slope"
] | D | The continental slope is the slope that forms the edge of the continent. It is seaward of the continental shelf. In some places, a large pile of sediments brought from rivers creates the continental rise. The continental rise ends at the ocean floor. Much of the ocean floor is called the abyssal plain. | train | sciq | null |
What do contour lines that are close together indicate? | [
"steep slope",
"deep slope",
"flat slope",
"close slope"
] | A | 1. The spacing of contour lines shows the slope of the land . Contour lines that are close together indicate a steep slope. This is because the elevation changes quickly in a small area. Contour lines that seem to touch indicate a very steep slope, like a cliff. When contour lines are spaced far apart, the slope is gen... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most common type of cancer developed in children? | [
"anemia",
"lung cancer",
"leukemia",
"stomach cancer"
] | C | Childhood cancer is rare. The main type of cancer in children is leukemia. It makes up about one third of all childhood cancers. It occurs when the body makes abnormal white blood cells. | train | sciq | null |
How many chambers are in the heart? | [
"four",
"two",
"eight",
"five"
] | A | The atria receive the blood, and the ventricles pump the blood out of the heart. Each of the four chambers of the heart has a specific job. | train | sciq | null |
The central vacuole maintains turgor pressure against what? | [
"the cell move",
"the cell wall",
"the cell multiplication",
"the cell addition"
] | B | The central vacuole maintains turgor pressure against the cell wall. | train | sciq | null |
In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies what substances? | [
"sugars",
"proteins",
"acids",
"fats"
] | D | ART CONNECTION QUESTIONS 1. Figure 34.11 Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false? a. Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach. Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine. In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies ... | train | sciq | null |
Which electromagnetic waves are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves? | [
"plasma rays",
"sunlight rays",
"gamma rays",
"ultraviolet rays"
] | C | Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves that carry photons of energy called gamma particles. They are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves. | train | sciq | null |
Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to what? | [
"cellulose",
"oxygen",
"pyruvate",
"chlorophyll"
] | C | 9.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for the most abundant species in a community, characterized by high competitive abilities? | [
"keystone species",
"merging species",
"carnivores",
"dominant species"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Salt-water biomes in the ocean are called what? | [
"marine organelles",
"marine species",
"ocean biomes",
"marine biomes"
] | D | Aquatic biomes are water-based biomes. They include both freshwater biomes, such as rivers and lakes, and marine biomes, which are salt-water biomes in the ocean. The primary producers in most aquatic biomes are phytoplankton. Phytoplankton consist of microscopic bacteria and tiny algae that make food by photosynthesis... | train | sciq | null |
What occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles? | [
"fertilization",
"copulation",
"ovulation",
"pregnancy"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Structures like the human tail bone and whale pelvis are called what? | [
"vestigial structures",
"parasitic structures",
"primordial structures",
"adaptations"
] | A | Structures like the human tail bone and whale pelvis are called vestigial structures . Evolution has reduced their size because the structures are no longer used. The human appendix is another example of a vestigial structure. It is a tiny remnant of a once-larger organ. In a distant ancestor, it was needed to digest f... | train | sciq | null |
Hazardous waste is material that is toxic, chemically active, corrosive, or what? | [
"inactive",
"decomposed",
"organic",
"flammable"
] | D | Hazardous waste is material that is toxic, chemically active, corrosive, or flammable. | train | sciq | null |
Which component of the electron transport chain does cyanide inhibit? | [
"cytochrome c oxidase",
"succinate dehydrogenase",
"adenosine diphosphate",
"mitochondrial matrix"
] | A | Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What effect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis?. | train | sciq | null |
Diseases of this system include epilepsy, strokes, and alzheimer’s disease | [
"endocrine system",
"infectious system",
"circulatory system",
"nervous system"
] | D | Diseases of the nervous system include infections, epilepsy, strokes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Injuries include concussions and spinal cord damage that may cause paralysis. Most nervous system diseases can’t be prevented, but many nervous system injuries can be prevented by following safe practices. | train | sciq | null |
About how full is the outer energy level in metalloids? | [
"nearly empty",
"three-fourth full",
"a quarter full",
"half full"
] | D | Metalloids such as boron have an outer energy level that is about half full. These elements need to gain or lose too many electrons for a full outer energy level to come about easily. As a result, these elements are not very reactive. They may be able to conduct electricity but not very well. | train | sciq | null |
Which chemical element is the basis of all life on earth? | [
"hydrogen",
"carbon",
"oxygen",
"nitrogen"
] | B | Carbon is an element. Carbon is the basis of all life on Earth. Since carbon can combine with many other elements it forms a variety of different substances. | train | sciq | null |
What structures of the cardiovascular system help regulate body processes by either constricting or dilating? | [
"cartilage",
"muscles",
"blood vessels",
"capillaries"
] | C | Blood vessels help regulate body processes by either constricting (becoming narrower) or dilating (becoming wider). These actions occur in response to signals from the autonomic nervous system or the endocrine system. Constriction occurs when the muscular walls of blood vessels contract. This reduces the amount of bloo... | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for the class of ectothermic, four-legged vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs? | [
"Turtles",
"reptiles",
"mammals",
"amphibians"
] | B | Reptiles are a class of ectothermic, four-legged vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs. They include turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and snakes. Reptiles were the first vertebrates to live full time on land, and they evolved many terrestrial adaptations. | train | sciq | null |
The goal of proteomics is to identify or compare what substances expressed from a given genome under specific conditions, study the interactions between them, and use the information to predict cell behavior or develop drug targets? | [
"cells",
"proteins",
"dna",
"rna"
] | B | Basic Techniques in Protein Analysis The ultimate goal of proteomics is to identify or compare the proteins expressed from a given genome under specific conditions, study the interactions between the proteins, and use the information to predict cell behavior or develop drug targets. Just as the genome is analyzed using... | train | sciq | null |
Radiometric dating methods, such as carbon-14 dating depend on what type of decay? | [
"nuclear",
"radioactive",
"microwave",
"carbon"
] | B | The age of a rock in years is its absolute age. The main evidence for absolute age comes from radiometric dating methods, such as carbon-14 dating. These methods depend on radioactive decay. | train | sciq | null |
What is the brightest star in the orion constellation? | [
"rigel",
"natel",
"sol",
"omicron"
] | A | 7. You look through a telescope at Rigel. Rigel is the brightest star in the Orion constellation. Rigel is around 800 light years from Earth. What are you looking at when you look through that telescope? What does Rigel look like today?. | train | sciq | null |
Which organelle specific to plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis? | [
"the lipid",
"the vacuole",
"the mitochondria",
"the chloroplast"
] | D | Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, an organelle specific to plant cells. | train | sciq | null |
What is another word for thermal energy? | [
"humidity",
"heat",
"solar",
"temperature"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Roots grow in length and width from the primary and secondary what? | [
"leaf",
"pistil",
"meristem",
"frill"
] | C | Roots grow in length and width from primary and secondary meristem. | train | sciq | null |
What often form symbiotic associations with much larger organisms? | [
"prokaryotes",
"viruses",
"eukaryotes",
"protists"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Name the fever that is caused by a virus that has antigens similar to molecules in human heart tissues. | [
"rheumatic fever",
"yellow fever",
"chronic fever",
"Dengue fever"
] | A | Rheumatic fever is caused by a virus that has antigens similar to molecules in human heart tissues. When the immune system attacks the virus, it may also attack the heart. What type of immune system disease is rheumatic fever? Explain your answer. | train | sciq | null |
What is the smallest planet in our solar system? | [
"mercury",
"Mars",
"Earth",
"Jupiter"
] | A | Mercury is the smallest planet and the closest to the Sun. It has an extremely thin atmosphere so surface temperatures range from very hot to very cold. Like the Moon, it is covered with craters. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for when a substance boils and changes to gas? | [
"boiling point",
"changing point",
"activation point",
"reaction point"
] | A | The temperature at which a substance boils and changes to a gas is called its boiling point. Boiling point is a physical property of matter. The boiling point of pure water is 100°C. Other substances may have higher or lower boiling points. Several examples are listed in the Table below . Pure water is included in the ... | train | sciq | null |
Where are hormones released? | [
"brain",
"liver",
"lungs",
"bloodstream"
] | D | Signaling molecules can belong to two broad groups. Neurotransmitters are released at synapses, whereas hormones are released into the bloodstream. These are simplistic definitions, but they can help to clarify this point. Acetylcholine can be considered a neurotransmitter because it is released by axons at synapses. T... | train | sciq | null |
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