question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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As with other organic compounds that form hydrogen bonds, water solubility of amines is reflected in the length of what? | [
"nuclei chains",
"complex carbohydrates",
"hydrocarbon bonds",
"carbon chains"
] | D | Amines are capable of hydrogen bonding though their boiling points are generally a bit lower than the corresponding alcohol. Methylamine and ethylamine are gases at room temperature, while larger amines are liquids. As with other organic compounds that form hydrogen bonds, water solubility is reflected in the length of... | train | sciq | null |
What is the tubular passageway through which the embryo or fetus leaves the mother’s body during birth? | [
"cervix",
"penis",
"vagina",
"uterus"
] | C | The vagina is a tubular passageway through which the embryo or fetus leaves the mother’s body during birth. The vagina is also where the male deposits sperm during mating. | train | sciq | null |
What has the average global temperature done since the 1900s? | [
"changed randomly",
"risen",
"stayed constant",
"decreased"
] | B | Average global temperature has risen since 1900. | train | sciq | null |
An solid object with an irregular shape can be measured via what method? | [
"radiation",
"variation",
"vibration",
"displacement"
] | D | The volume of an irregularly shaped solid can be measured by the displacement method. You can read below how this method works. For a video on the displacement method, go to this URL: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=e0geXKxeTn4 . | train | sciq | null |
Deterioration of limestone occurs more rapidly as the concentration of what increases? | [
"water pollutants",
"ground pollutants",
"ocean pollutants",
"air pollutants"
] | D | Figure 12.7 Statues made from carbonate compounds such as limestone and marble typically weather slowly over time due to the actions of water, and thermal expansion and contraction. However, pollutants like sulfur dioxide can accelerate weathering. As the concentration of air pollutants increases, deterioration of lime... | train | sciq | null |
In which order does the reactivity of halogen group decline? | [
"left to right",
"bottom to top",
"right to left",
"top to bottom"
] | D | The halogens are among the most reactive of all elements, although reactivity declines from the top to the bottom of the halogen group. Because all halogens have seven valence electrons, they are “eager” to gain one more electron. Doing so gives them a full outer energy level, which is the most stable arrangement of el... | train | sciq | null |
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into what? | [
"carbon",
"insulin",
"glutamate",
"glucose"
] | D | In food chemistry, the substances known as antioxidants are reducing agents. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C; C6H8O6) is thought to retard potentially damaging oxidation of living cells. In the process, it is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid (C6H6O6). In the stomach, ascorbic acid reduces the nitrite ion (NO2−) to nitric oxid... | train | sciq | null |
Which genetic disorder results in the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin? | [
"cancers",
"albinism",
"anemia",
"hyperthyroidism"
] | B | Integumentary System The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, and so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitilig... | train | sciq | null |
Most diseases caused by bacteria can be cured by which medicines? | [
"inhibitors",
"antioxidants",
"antibiotics",
"hydroxides"
] | C | Living things that cause human diseases include bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Most infectious diseases caused by these organisms can be cured with medicines. For example, medicines called antibiotics can cure most diseases caused by bacteria. Bacteria are one-celled organisms without a nucleus. Although most bacteria ... | train | sciq | null |
What season do the largest waves for surfers typically come? | [
"summer",
"winter",
"spring",
"autumn"
] | B | Jaws Beach in Maui, Hawaii has legendary waves. The largest waves come when winds are very strong, usually in the winter. The rocks and reef offshore magnify the size of the incoming wave energy. Cowabunga!. | train | sciq | null |
The peripheral nervous system has major nerves that travel through every part of the body except which two places? | [
"brain and heart",
"lungs and spinal cord",
"muscles and brain",
"brain and spinal cord"
] | D | All the other nervous tissues in the body are part of the peripheral nervous system. If you look again at Figure above , you can see the major nerves of the peripheral nervous system. They include nerves that run through virtually every part of the body, both inside and out, except for the brain and spinal cord. | train | sciq | null |
Each nitrogenous base has one or two rings that include which atoms? | [
"hydrogen",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"carbon"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Pluto's orbit is so elliptical that sometimes it is inside the orbit of which planet? | [
"neptune",
"Earth",
"Mars",
"titan"
] | A | For decades Pluto was a planet. But even then, scientists knew it was an unusual planet. The other outer planets are all gas giants. Pluto is small, icy and rocky. With a diameter of about 2400 kilometers, it has only about 1/5 the mass of Earth’s Moon. The other planets orbit in a plane. Pluto's orbit is tilted. The s... | train | sciq | null |
More than half the compounds produced by the chemical industry are what? | [
"replacement polymers",
"artificial polymers",
"gas polymers",
"synthetic polymers"
] | D | fibers, films, plastics, semisolid resins, and rubbers are also polymers. More than half the compounds produced by the chemical industry are synthetic polymers. Some common addition polymers are listed in http://catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/2547 - gob-ch13_s05_t01. Note that all the monomers have car... | train | sciq | null |
What is it called when electrons are shared equally? | [
"helices bonds",
"metabolized bonds",
"nonpolar bonds",
"polar bonds"
] | C | In other covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally. These bonds are called nonpolar bonds. Neither atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly. As a result, the atoms remain neutral. Figure below shows an example of nonpolar bonds. | train | sciq | null |
Ribosomes are cellular substructures where what are synthesized? | [
"acids",
"proteins",
"cells",
"Molecule"
] | B | Ribosomes are cellular substructures where proteins are synthesized. They contain about 65% rRNA and 35% protein, held together by numerous noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, in an overall structure consisting of two globular particles of unequal size. Molecules of tRNA, which bring amino acids (one at... | train | sciq | null |
How long can carbon be stored in sedimentary rock? | [
"around 10,000 years",
"less than 1000 years",
"millions of years",
"22 weeks"
] | C | Carbon cycles quickly between organisms and the atmosphere. Cellular respiration releases carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Carbon is also released when organisms decompose. Human actions, such as the burning of fossil fuels, also release carbon into the atmosphere. Natural processes, such as volcanic erupt... | train | sciq | null |
What do you call an animal in which the embryo, often termed a joey, is born immature and must complete its development outside the mother's body? | [
"marsupial",
"placental mammal",
"monotreme",
"eukaryotic"
] | A | All other mammals give birth to live young and belong to one of two different categories, the marsupials and the placental mammals. A marsupial is an animal in which the embryo, which is often called a joey, is born at an immature stage. Development must be completed outside the mother's body. Most female marsupials ha... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most important element to life? | [
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"hydrogen",
"carbon"
] | D | Carbon is the most important element to life. Without this element, life as we know it would not exist. As you will see, carbon is the central element in compounds necessary for life-organic compounds. These compounds include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. | train | sciq | null |
The idea of evolution has been around for centuries. in fact, it goes all the way back to the ancient greek philosopher named? | [
"Pluto",
"Galileo",
"aristotle",
"Xerxes"
] | C | The idea of evolution has been around for centuries. In fact, it goes all the way back to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. However, evolution is most often associated with Charles Darwin. Darwin published a book on evolution in 1859 titled On the Origin of Species . In the book, Darwin stated the theory of evol... | train | sciq | null |
When a balloon is rubbed against hair, why do they attract each other? | [
"lean electron charge",
"same electron charge",
"constantly electron charge",
"opposite electron charge"
] | D | Electrons are transferred from hair to a balloon rubbed against the hair. Then the oppositely charged hair and balloon attract each other. | train | sciq | null |
Living things get energy from food in a process called respiration, which releases what gas back into the atmosphere? | [
"nitrogen",
"carbon dioxide",
"hydrogen",
"oxygen"
] | B | Carbon doesn’t stop there. Living things get energy from food in a process called respiration. This releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. The cycle then repeats. | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of the scientific field that deals with the general study of the solid earth? | [
"astronomy",
"chemistry",
"physics",
"geology"
] | D | Geology is the study of the solid Earth. Geologists study how rocks and minerals form. The way mountains rise up is part of geology. The way mountains erode away is another part. Geologists also study fossils and Earth’s history. There are many other branches of geology. There is so much to know about our home planet t... | train | sciq | null |
What kind of enzyme is phosphofructokinase? | [
"covalent",
"orthosteric",
"allosteric",
"intracellular"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Covering about 16 percent of the moon's surface, maria are dark, solid, flat areas consisting of what substance? | [
"ash",
"lava",
"debris",
"dust"
] | B | When you look at the Moon from Earth, you notice dark and light areas. The maria are dark, solid, flat areas of lava. Maria covers around 16% of the Moon’s surface, mostly on the near side. The maria formed about 3.0 to 3.5 billion years ago, when the Moon was continually bombarded by meteorites ( Figure below ). Large... | train | sciq | null |
Sickle cell disease is caused by production of an abnormal type of what? | [
"thrombocyte",
"fat globule",
"leukocyte",
"hemoglobin"
] | D | down into three major groups: those caused by blood loss, those caused by faulty or decreased RBC production, and those caused by excessive destruction of RBCs. Clinicians often use two groupings in diagnosis: The kinetic approach focuses on evaluating the production, destruction, and removal of RBCs, whereas the morph... | train | sciq | null |
Who first proposed that earth is a magnet? | [
"Marconi",
"Isaac Newton",
"Albert Einstein",
"william gilbert"
] | D | The molar mass of any substance is the mass in grams of one mole of representative particles of that substance. The representative particles can be atoms, molecules, or formula units of ionic compounds. This relationship is frequently used in the laboratory. Suppose that for a certain experiment you need 3.00 moles of ... | train | sciq | null |
Which atomic model shows that the distances of electrons from the nucleus is not a fixed value? | [
"the electron model",
"the distance model",
"the equivocation model",
"the quantum model"
] | D | In the Bohr model, the atom is viewed as a densely packed nucleus comprised of neutrons and protons that is surrounded by electrons at fixed distances, which correspond to specific energy levels. However, the quantum model showed that the distances between electrons and the nucleus are not really fixed. Due to their wa... | train | sciq | null |
What is it called when breaks in bone occur that is usually caused by excessive stress on the bone? | [
"faults",
"fragments",
"fractures",
"ruptures"
] | C | Fractures are breaks in bone, usually caused by excessive stress on bone. Fractures heal when osteoblasts form new bone. The animation at this link shows how this happens: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=qVougiCEgH8 . Soon after a fracture, the body begins to repair the break. The area becomes swollen and sore. Within... | train | sciq | null |
What crystals consist of molecules at the lattice points of the crystal, held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces? | [
"quartz crystals",
"healing crystals",
"salt crystals",
"molecular crystals"
] | D | 4. Molecular crystals -- Molecular crystals typically consist of molecules at the lattice points of the crystal, held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces (see Figure below ). The intermolecular forces may be dispersion forces in the case of nonpolar crystals, or dipole-dipole forces in the case of polar c... | train | sciq | null |
What causes continents to drift closer to the poles or the equator? | [
"time",
"plate tectonics",
"earthquakes",
"plate movements"
] | D | Plate movements cause continents to drift closer to the poles or the equator. Ocean currents also shift when continents drift. All these changes can affect Earth’s temperature. | train | sciq | null |
What is the major selective advantage of myelination? | [
"space efficiency",
"storage capacity",
"heat regulation",
"potentiation"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What debated therapy offers a potential method for replacing neurons lost to injury or disease? | [
"cell duplication",
"stem cell reduction",
"cell production therapy",
"stem cell therapy"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
How many types of simple machines are there? | [
"ten types",
"three types",
"six types",
"two types"
] | C | There are six types of simple machines. Machines that consist of two or more simple machines are called compound machines. | train | sciq | null |
After dispersal of a seed, what next step may occur if environmental conditions are favorable? | [
"infection",
"bloom",
"germination",
"degradation"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What is the term for the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element? | [
"nucleus",
"neutron",
"electron",
"atom"
] | D | An element is a pure substance. It cannot be broken down into other types of substances. Each element is made up of just one type of atom. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element. | train | sciq | null |
What are insect parasites transmitted sexually? | [
"deer ticks",
"pinworms",
"chlamydia",
"pubic lice"
] | D | Pubic lice , like the one in Figure below , are insect parasites that are transmitted sexually. They suck the blood of their host and irritate the skin in the pubic area. | train | sciq | null |
What type of energy is used when a roller coaster runs downhill? | [
"kinetic energy",
"proportional energy",
"vibrational energy",
"residual energy"
] | A | For some, the exciting part of a roller coaster is speeding down; for others it is the anticipation of climbing up. While the coaster is being towed up, it is having work done on it. The work done towing it to the top of the hill becomes potential energy stored in the coaster and that potential energy is converted to k... | train | sciq | null |
In what process is atp created by glycolysis, without oxygen? | [
"oxidation",
"fermentation",
"sedimentation",
"condensation"
] | B | Two different pathways accomplish the regeneration of NAD + with rather famous products: lactic acid (C 3 H 6 O 3 ) and ethyl alcohol (C 2 H 6 O) ( Figure above ). Making ATP in the absence of oxygen by glycolysis alone is known as fermentation . Therefore, these two pathways are called lactic acid fermentation and alc... | train | sciq | null |
What helps deposit the material in caves as stalactites, stalagmites, and columns | [
"precipitation",
"groundwater",
"gas",
"wastewater"
] | B | Groundwater deposits the material in caves as stalactites, stalagmites, and columns. | train | sciq | null |
A recent deadly explosion in the gulf of mexico exemplified what source of ocean pollution? | [
"greenhouse gases",
"fracking disaster",
"algal bloom",
"oil spill"
] | D | Oil spills are another source of ocean pollution. To get at oil buried beneath the seafloor, oil rigs are built in the oceans. These rigs pump oil from beneath the ocean floor. Huge ocean tankers carry oil around the world. If something goes wrong with a rig on a tanker, millions of barrels of oil may end up in the wat... | train | sciq | null |
Plants supply, ultimately, most of the food eaten by terrestrial animals, along with what gas? | [
"hydrogen",
"carbon dioxide",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Chemical reactions are typically written to imply that they proceed in one direction - if they can occur in either direction, they are considered what? | [
"observable",
"singular",
"reversible",
"reactive"
] | C | A chemical reaction is usually written in a way that suggests it proceeds in one direction, the direction in which we read, but all chemical reactions are reversible, and both the forward and reverse reaction occur to one degree or another depending on conditions. In a chemical equilibrium, the forward and reverse reac... | train | sciq | null |
Single-celled eukaryotes that share some traits with animals are also called? | [
"monomers",
"eukaryotes",
"microorganisms",
"prokaryotes"
] | B | Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that share some traits with animals. | train | sciq | null |
Antibiotics can be used to fight what, in general? | [
"fever",
"bacteria",
"viruses",
"pathogens"
] | B | In summary, society is facing an antibiotic crisis. Some scientists believe that after years of being protected from bacterial infections by antibiotics, we may be returning to a time in which a simple bacterial infection could again devastate the human population. Researchers are working on developing new antibiotics,... | train | sciq | null |
An organism that carries pathogens from one individual to another is called what? | [
"germ cell",
"vector",
"virus",
"host"
] | B | Still other pathogens are spread by vectors. A vector is an organism that carries pathogens from one person or animal to another. Most vectors are insects such as ticks or mosquitoes. They pick up pathogens when they bite an infected animal and then transmit the pathogens to the next animal they bite. Ticks spread the ... | train | sciq | null |
What fills the epidermal cells that make up fingernails and toenails? | [
"keratin",
"cellulose",
"amino acids",
"chromatin"
] | A | Fingernails and toenails consist of specialized epidermal cells that are filled with keratin . The keratin makes them tough and hard, which is important for the functions they serve. Fingernails prevent injury by forming protective plates over the ends of the fingers. They also enhance sensation by acting as a counterf... | train | sciq | null |
What is the name for a parasite that causes disease? | [
"pathogen",
"enfluenza",
"microbes",
"fungi"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What type of map shows the elevation and features in an area? | [
"gradient",
"topographic",
"geographic",
"meteorological"
] | B | Relief , or terrain, includes all the landforms of a region. A topographic map shows the height, or elevation , of features in an area. This includes mountains, craters, valleys, and rivers. For example, Figure below shows the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona. Features on the map include mountains, hills and lav... | train | sciq | null |
What are organelles made of protein and ribosomal rna (rrna)? | [
"electrons",
"carbons",
"ribosomes",
"chromosomes"
] | C | The nucleus of many cells also contains a non-membrane bound organelle called a nucleolus , shown in Figure below . The nucleolus is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. Ribosomes are organelles made of protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and they build cellular proteins in the cytoplasm. The function of the rRN... | train | sciq | null |
What are major temperature zones primarily based on? | [
"latitute",
"longitude",
"altitude",
"gps"
] | A | Temperature falls from the equator to the poles. Therefore, major temperature zones are based on latitude . They include tropical, temperate, and arctic zones (see Figure below ). However, other factors besides latitude may also influence temperature. For example, land near the ocean may have cooler summers and warmer ... | train | sciq | null |
What type of muscle is found in the walls of other internal organs such as the stomach? | [
"inorganic muscle",
"Tube Muscle",
"Fiber Muscle",
"smooth muscle"
] | D | Smooth muscle is found in the walls of other internal organs such as the stomach. It isn’t striated because its muscle fibers are arranged in sheets rather than bundles. Contractions of smooth muscle are involuntary. When smooth muscles in the stomach contract, they squeeze food inside the stomach. This helps break the... | train | sciq | null |
A visual "copy" of an object that is formed by reflected or refracted light is called what? | [
"photo",
"instance",
"image",
"mirror"
] | C | Almost all surfaces reflect some of the light that strikes them. The still water of the lake in Figure above reflects almost all of the light that strikes it. The reflected light forms an image of nearby objects. An image is a copy of an object that is formed by reflected or refracted light. | train | sciq | null |
From the pharynx, air next passes through what structure, also known as the voice box because it contains vocal cords? | [
"larynx",
"pancreas",
"diaphram",
"trachea"
] | A | From the pharynx, air next passes through the larynx , or voice box. The larynx contains vocal cords, which allow us to produce vocal sounds. | train | sciq | null |
Vertebrates are all chordates that have a what? | [
"backbone",
"fossil",
"circulatory system",
"brain"
] | A | Living species of chordates are classified into three major subphyla: Vertebrata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata. Vertebrates are all chordates that have a backbone. The other two subphyla are invertebrate chordates that lack a backbone. Members of the subphylum Urochordata are tunicates (also called sea squirts). Me... | train | sciq | null |
What do structures of the human eye collect and focus? | [
"light",
"air",
"sugars",
"electricity"
] | A | The structures of the human eye collect and focus light. They form a reduced, upside-down image on the retina at the back of the eye. | train | sciq | null |
Different elements differ in the size, mass, and other properties of what fundamental structures? | [
"atoms",
"compounds",
"particles",
"ions"
] | A | Atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties. | train | sciq | null |
Breasts are considered accessory organs of what body system? | [
"female reproductive system",
"digestive system",
"nervous system",
"lymphatic system"
] | A | The Breasts Whereas the breasts are located far from the other female reproductive organs, they are considered accessory organs of the female reproductive system. The function of the breasts is to supply milk to an infant in a process called lactation. The external features of the breast include a nipple surrounded by ... | train | sciq | null |
Because plants lack what kind of system, their first line of defense is usually the death of cells surrounding infected tissue to prevent spread of infection? | [
"nervous system",
"digestion system",
"hormones system",
"immune system"
] | D | Plants don't have an immune system, but they do respond to disease. Typically, their first line of defense is the death of cells surrounding infected tissue. This prevents the infection from spreading. | train | sciq | null |
What type of cells make up tumors? | [
"consumption cells",
"cancer cells",
"white blood cells",
"boyle cells"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
When leaves wilt, what plant process ceases? | [
"photosynthesis",
"reactions",
"carbonation",
"hydration"
] | A | Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because. | train | sciq | null |
What type of tissue makes up much of the inside of a plant? | [
"ground tissue",
"stem tissue",
"leaf tissue",
"working tissue"
] | A | Ground tissue makes up much of the inside of a plant. The cells of ground tissue carry out basic metabolic functions and other biochemical reactions. Ground tissue may also store food or water. | train | sciq | null |
Saliva can carry the hiv virus, but it won't spread it, unless the saliva gets into what? | [
"liver",
"kidneys",
"bloodstream",
"lungs"
] | C | HIV spreads through contact between an infected person’s body fluids and another person's bloodstream or mucus membranes, which are found in the mouth, nose, and genital areas. Body fluids that may contain HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk. The virus can spread through sexual contact or shared drug n... | train | sciq | null |
Does blood flow increase or decrease when blood vessels constrict? | [
"decrease",
"it's not affected",
"it stops",
"increases"
] | A | When a blood vessel constricts, less blood can flow through it. | train | sciq | null |
What is venus covered in a thick layer of? | [
"fog",
"clouds",
"gases",
"storms"
] | B | Viewed through a telescope, Venus looks smooth and featureless. The planet is covered by a thick layer of clouds. You can see the clouds in pictures of Venus ( Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
What type of aquifer is trapped between two impermeable rock layers? | [
"confined",
"solid",
"abandoned",
"segmented"
] | A | Sometimes an aquifer is confined. A confined aquifer is trapped between two impermeable rock layers. Pressure from the rock layer on top forces the water out where the aquifer reaches the ground surface. Water that flows up to the surface naturally is an artesian spring . If people drill a well into a confined aquifer,... | train | sciq | null |
Name the multi-phase process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides? | [
"cytokinesis",
"meiosis",
"mitosis",
"symbiosis"
] | C | Mitosis in the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle. Mitosis is the multi-phase process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides. In this diagram, prometaphase is not included as a separate phase, but incorporated into prophase. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for the basic contractile unit of the muscle? | [
"bandimere",
"sarcomere",
"filament",
"sphincter"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What are chemical messengers that control sexual development and reproduction? | [
"sex hormones",
"lipids",
"proteins",
"neurotransmitters"
] | A | Sex hormones are chemical messengers that control sexual development and reproduction. The male reproductive system consists of structures that produce male gametes called sperm and secrete the male sex hormone testosterone. | train | sciq | null |
What are species that are first to colonize a disturbed area called? | [
"brave species",
"exploratory species",
"pioneer species",
"novel species"
] | C | The first species to colonize a disturbed area such as this are called pioneer species (see Figure below ). They change the environment and pave the way for other species to come into the area. Pioneer species are likely to include bacteria and lichens that can live on bare rock. Along with wind and water, they help we... | train | sciq | null |
What planet is the easiest to observe? | [
"uranus",
"mars",
"pluto",
"mercury"
] | B | Mars is the easiest planet to observe. As a result, it has been studied more than any other planet besides Earth. People can stand on Earth and observe the planet through a telescope. We have also sent many space probes to Mars. A car-sized robotic rover, Curiosity, arrived on the Red Planet in August 2012. Curiosity j... | train | sciq | null |
Where does the heartbeat originate in vertebrates? | [
"the heart",
"the blood",
"the pulse",
"the tissue"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What is a process where some substances called reactants change chemically into different substances called products? | [
"non-chemical reaction",
"chemical reaction",
"crystals reaction",
"carbon reaction"
] | B | The student athlete in Figure below is practically flying down the track! Running takes a lot of energy. But you don’t have to run a race to use energy. All living things need energy all the time just to stay alive. The energy is produced in chemical reactions. A chemical reaction is a process in which some substances,... | train | sciq | null |
Cellulose is the main structural component of what part of the plant cell, and makes up over thirty percent of plant matter? | [
"roots",
"proteins wall",
"flowers",
"cell wall"
] | D | Figure 31.3 Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over thirty percent of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Plants are able to make their own cellulose, but need carbon from the soil to do so. | train | sciq | null |
What is a push or a pull acting on an object? | [
"energy",
"force",
"pulse",
"action"
] | B | Force is a push or a pull acting on an object. Examples of force include friction and gravity. Force is a vector because it has both size and direction. The SI unit of force is the newton (N). | train | sciq | null |
Which organ will bladder infections commonly damage if untreated? | [
"kidney",
"tissue",
"heart",
"lungs"
] | A | Bacterial infections of the urinary tract, especially the bladder, are very common. Bladder infections can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor. If untreated, they may lead to kidney damage. | train | sciq | null |
What is the acid that is released by the stomach that kills most pathogens that enter the stomach? | [
"Nitric Acid",
"Hydrofluoric Acid",
"Sulfuric Acid",
"hydrochloric acid"
] | D | The stomach also releases a very strong acid, called hydrochloric acid. This acid kills most pathogens that enter the stomach in food or water. Urine is also acidic, so few pathogens can grow in it. | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when force is applied to a moving object? | [
"stimulation",
"inertia",
"acceleration",
"transmission"
] | C | Acceleration occurs when a force is applied to a moving object. | train | sciq | null |
Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal are all types of what? | [
"hormones",
"teeth",
"muscle",
"bone"
] | C | The three types of muscles in the body include skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. | train | sciq | null |
What group of elements does sodium belong to? | [
"metalloids",
"noble gases",
"alkali metals",
"halogens"
] | C | Sodium belongs to the group of elements called the alkali metals. An alkaline solution is another name for a solution that is basic. All alkali metals react readily with water to produce the metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The resulting solutions are basic. | train | sciq | null |
Pure constructive interference and pure destructive interference are distinguished by whether or not identical waves are what? | [
"in phase",
"after phase",
"in equilibrium",
"before phase"
] | A | Figure 27.11 The amplitudes of waves add. (a) Pure constructive interference is obtained when identical waves are in phase. (b) Pure destructive interference occurs when identical waves are exactly out of phase, or shifted by half a wavelength. | train | sciq | null |
The process of photosynthesis uses chlorophyll, which is located in organelles called what? | [
"fibroblasts",
"chloroplasts",
"mitochondria",
"nucleus"
] | B | Plants are a large and varied group of organisms. There are close to 300,000 species of catalogued plants. Of these, about 260,000 are plants that produce seeds. Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants are all members of the plant kingdom. The plant kingdom contains mostly photosynthetic organisms; a few parasiti... | train | sciq | null |
What kind of oily substance is secreted from sebaceous glands? | [
"pus",
"Blood",
"sebum",
"progesterone"
] | C | Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called sebum. Sebum is secreted into hair follicles and makes its way to the skin surface. It waterproofs the hair and skin and helps prevent them from drying out. Sebum also has antibacterial properties, so it inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the skin. | train | sciq | null |
Some reactions need extra help to occur quickly. they need another substance called what? | [
"neurotransmitter",
"a catalyst",
"protein",
"hormone"
] | B | Some reactions need extra help to occur quickly. They need another substance called a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst isn’t a reactant, so it isn’t changed or used up in the reaction. Therefore, it can catalyze many other reactions. | train | sciq | null |
What have approximately the same mass as protons but no charge? | [
"electrons",
"atoms",
"reactions",
"neutrons"
] | D | Neutrons have approximately the same mass as protons but no charge. They are electrically neutral. The mass of a proton or a neutron is about 1836 times greater than the mass of an electron. Protons and neutrons constitute by far the bulk of the mass of atoms. The discovery of the electron and the proton was crucial to... | train | sciq | null |
Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling can indicate whether a suspected genetic disorder is present at what stage? | [
"adult",
"infant",
"toddler",
"fetal"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What do you call aquatic biomes in the ocean? | [
"freshwater biomes",
"ocean dwellers",
"coastal biomes",
"marine biomes"
] | D | Anglerfish live in the ocean. Aquatic biomes in the ocean are called marine biomes . Organisms that live in marine biomes must be adapted to the salt in the water. For example, many have organs for excreting excess salt. Two ocean zones are particularly challenging to marine organisms: the intertidal zone and the deep ... | train | sciq | null |
The reaction of which body system causes food allergies? | [
"immune system",
"cardiac system",
"lymphatic system",
"nervous system"
] | A | Food allergies are like other allergies. They occur when the immune system reacts to harmless substances as though they were harmful. Almost ten percent of children have food allergies. Some of the foods most likely to cause allergies are shown below ( Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
Leaving tampons in for too long can put you at risk of what syndrome? | [
"Vaginismis",
"toxic shock",
"Scalded Skin Syndrome",
"Endometrial Cancer"
] | B | If you are a girl and use tampons, be sure to change them every four to six hours. Leaving tampons in for too long can put you at risk of toxic shock syndrome . This is a serious condition. Signs and symptoms of toxic shock syndrome develop suddenly, and the disease can be fatal. The disease involves fever, shock, and ... | train | sciq | null |
There are three flat skeletal muscles in the antero-lateral wall of what? | [
"abdomen",
"hip joint",
"shoulder socket",
"thoracic cavity"
] | A | There are three flat skeletal muscles in the antero-lateral wall of the abdomen. The external oblique, closest to the surface, extend inferiorly and medially, in the direction of sliding one’s four fingers into pants pockets. Perpendicular to it is the intermediate internal oblique, extending superiorly and medially, t... | train | sciq | null |
The dead, dry stratum corneum is the most superficial layer of what and is the layer exposed to the outside environment? | [
"dermis",
"epidermis",
"intestinal",
"lungs"
] | B | Stratum Corneum The stratum corneum is the most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment (see Figure 5.5). The increased keratinization (also called cornification) of the cells in this layer gives it its name. There are usually 15 to 30 layers of cells in the stratum corneu... | train | sciq | null |
What protein is produced when a plasma cell is stimulated by antigens? | [
"keratin",
"collagen",
"immunoglobulin",
"dystrophin"
] | C | 42.3 | Antibodies By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain cross-reactivity • Describe the structure and function of antibodies • Discuss antibody production An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a protein that is produced by plasma cells after stimulation by an antigen. Antibodies are... | train | sciq | null |
An unbalanced force on an object in motion causes what? | [
"vibration",
"acceleration",
"agitation",
"velocity"
] | B | An object will not change its state of motion (i. e. , accelerate) unless an unbalanced force acts on it. Equal and oppositely directed forces on the same object do not produce acceleration. | train | sciq | null |
Partial albinism results from a mutation in an enzyme that is involved in the production of what? | [
"cytoplasm",
"melanin",
"cancer",
"hair"
] | B | The pointed pattern is a form of partial albinism, which results from a mutation in an enzyme that is involved in melanin production. The mutated enzyme is heat-sensitive; it fails to work at normal body temperatures. However, it is active in cooler areas of the skin. This results in dark coloration in the coolest part... | train | sciq | null |
Where does a baby travel to after leaving the uterus? | [
"ear canal",
"nasal canal",
"tissue canal",
"birth canal"
] | D | Some processes in the body are regulated by positive feedback. Positive feedback is when a response to an event increases the likelihood of the event to continue. An example of positive feedback is milk production in nursing mothers. As the baby drinks her mother's milk, the hormone prolactin, a chemical signal, is rel... | train | sciq | null |
Name an important natural resource in and of itself. | [
"habitat",
"food chain",
"biodiversity",
"water"
] | C | It’s obvious that living things are important natural resources needed by human beings. After all, other species provide us with all of the food we eat. We couldn’t survive without them. But that’s far from the only reason that other species are important for human survival. Biodiversity is an important natural resourc... | train | sciq | null |
In classical conditioning, a response called the conditioned response is associated with what? | [
"blocking effect",
"unconditioned stimulus",
"external inhibition",
"conditioned stimulus"
] | D | Conditioned Behavior Conditioned behaviors are types of associative learning, where a stimulus becomes associated with a consequence. During operant conditioning, the behavioral response is modified by its consequences, with regards to its form, strength, or frequency. Classical Conditioning In classical conditioning, ... | train | sciq | null |
What kind of bonds does boron form rather than metallic lattices? | [
"multicenter",
"bilateral",
"magnetic bonds",
"electron bonds"
] | A | Boron forms multicenter bonds rather than metallic lattices with delocalized valence electrons. Why does it prefer this type of bonding? Does this explain why boron behaves like a semiconductor rather than a metal? Explain your answer. | train | sciq | null |
What broad group of living things serves as the major producers in terrestrial biomes? | [
"plants",
"flowers",
"vases",
"animals"
] | A | Plants are the major producers in terrestrial biomes. They have five basic needs: air, warmth, sunlight, water, and nutrients. How well these needs are met in a given location depends on the growing season and soil quality, both of which are determined mainly by climate. | train | sciq | null |
Birds that move pollen from flower to flower are called what? | [
"frogs",
"pollinators",
"spores",
"carnivores"
] | B | Nectar-feeding birds are important pollinators , meaning they move the pollen from flower to flower to help fertilize the sex cells and create new plants. Hummingbirds, sunbirds, and the honey-eaters are common pollinators. | train | sciq | null |
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