question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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A 59-year-old man experiences acute chest pain and is rushed to the emergency room. Laboratory studies and ECG demonstrate an acute myocardial infarction; however, coronary aery angiography performed 2 hours later does not show evidence of thrombosis. Intravascular thrombolysis that occurred in this patient was mediate... | [
"Cardiac myocytes",
"Endothelial cells",
"Macrophages",
"Vascular smooth muscle cells"
] | B | The vascular endothelium has the ability to promote or inhibit tissue perfusion and inflammatory cell influx through multiple mechanisms. For example, endothelial cells in the vicinity of the thrombus produce tissue-type plasminogen activators, which activate plasmin and initiate thrombolysis (fibrinolysis). None of th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
If the two buds of the pancreas do not fuse, the anomaly is- | [
"Ectopic pancreas",
"Pancreatic divisum",
"Annular pancreas",
"Accessory pancreas"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pancreatic divisum Ref - Pancreas divisum represents a variation in pancreatic ductal anatomy that can be associated with abdominal pain and idiopathic pancreatitis. It is characterised, in the majority of cases, by the dorsal pancreatic duct (main pancreatic and Santorini ducts) directly entering the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
20 year old male presented with eczema, recurrent skin abscesses, recurrent lung infections. There is eosinophilia and high serum levels of IgE. Diagnosis is | [
"Job's syndrome",
"Shwachwan's disease",
"Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome",
"Nezelof Syndrome"
] | A | Job's syndrome or Hyper-IgE Syndrome Characterized by eczema, Staphylococcal skin abscesses, pneumatocele. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is an ominous sign in case of severe head injury | [
"Development of diabetes insipidus",
"Anisocoria",
"New focal deficit",
"Depressed skull fracture"
] | B | Head Injury A sudden Enlargement (dilatation) of one pupil (anisocoria) is an ominous sign Abnormal posturing (decoicate posturing) a characteristic positioning of the limbs caused by severe diffuse injury or high ICP is an ominous sign Ref: Harrison's 19th edition Pgno :1774 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Catatonic features seen in schizophrenia are also seen in | [
"Severe depression",
"Conversion disorder",
"Personality disorder",
"Somatisation disorder"
] | A | Catatonia can be present in several mental disorders, most commonly seen in schizophrenia and mood disorders. The hallmark symptoms of catatonia--mutism, stuporousness, blunted affect, extreme withdrawal, negativism, and marked psychomotor retardation there are various causes for catatonia namely both catatonic and non... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which among the following causes staining of burnt area | [
"Sulfamylon",
"Povidone iodine",
"Silver nitrate",
"Mafenide"
] | C | Silver nitrate causes staining of burnt area. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which vitamin deficiency may lead to Keratinization | [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | A | A i.e. A | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about leprosy are true except - | [
"Multibacillary leprosy is diagnosed when there are more than 5 skin patches",
"New case detection rate is an indicator for incidence of leprosy",
"A defaulter is defined as a patient who has not taken treatment for 6 months or more",
"The target for elimination of leprosy is to reduce the prevalence to less ... | C | A defaulter is a leprosy patient on MDT , who has not collected treatment for 12 consecutive months Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 340 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inability to perform physical activity with discomfo falls under- | [
"NYHAclassl",
"2",
"3",
"4"
] | D | Ref: KV Krishna Das - Clinical Medicine 4th Edition pg no:170 NYHA Functional Classification Class I Dyspnea occurring at heavy, but accustomed activity Class II Dyspnea occurring on moderate exeion Class III Dyspnea during mild exeion or during daily routine activities Class IV Dyspnea even at rest. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Medulla oblongata arises from | [
"Prosencephalon",
"Rhombencephalon",
"Mesencephalon",
"None"
] | B | Rhombencephalon- pons, cerebellum, medulla 4th ventricleMesencephalon- midbrain, cerebral aqueductProsencephalon - cerebral hemispheres, Diencephalon, lateral and 3rd ventricle.(Ref: Vishram Singh textbook of clinical neuroanatomy second edition pg 4) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dose of Thiopentone used for induction is | [
"1 mg/kg",
"2 mg/ kg",
"5 mg/ kg",
"10 mg/kg"
] | C | C i.e. 5 mg/kg | train | med_mcqa | null |
Guthrie's bacterial inhibition test detects: | [
"Phenyl pyruvate",
"Phenyl alanine",
"Phenyl lactate",
"All of the above"
] | D | Guthrie's bacterial inhibition test:- Screening test for phenylketonuria (PKU) Used to detect the abnormal presence of phenylalanine metabolites in blood i.e. Phenyl pyruvate Phenyl alanine Phenyl lactate. Procedure: A small amount of blood sample is taken from heel of the infant and placed in a medium with a strain of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Define sustained fever? | [
"Fever is persistent and does not vary by more than 0.5degC/day",
"Fever is persistent and varies by more than 0.5degC/day.",
"Fever is persistent and does not vary by more than 1degC/day",
"fever is persistent and varies by more than 1degC/day."
] | A | Sustained fever is persistent and does not vary by more than 0.5degC (0.9degF)/day. Remittent fever is persistent and varies by more than 0.5degC (0.9degF)/day. Relapsing fever is characterized by febrile periods that are separated by intervals of normal temperature; teian fever occurs on the 1st and 3rd days (malaria ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is sean in all except? | [
"Turner syndrome",
"Down syndrome",
"Klinefelter syndrome",
"Swyer's syndrome"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Down syndrome Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism Also K/a primary or peripheral hypogonadism. Characterised by hypogonadism due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropin, FSH and LH. In turn a lack of sex steroid production and elevated gonadotropin level. Causes : Chromosomal abnormalitis... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Erythema infectiosum is seen in – | [
"Rubella",
"Fifth disease",
"Scarlet fever",
"Diphtheria"
] | B | Erythema infectiosum also was known as the fifth disease is caused by Parvo Virus (B-19).
Erythema infectiosum
Most common clinical manifestation of human parvovirus infection.
Most common complication is arthritis
Incubation period is 4 to 14 days.
Prodromal illness is minimal
Characteristics skin lesions appear in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a young female of reproductive age an absolute contraindication for prescribing oral contraceptive pills is | [
"Diabetes",
"Hypeension",
"Obesity",
"Impaired liver function"
] | D | Ans. is d i.e. Impaired liver function Contraindications of OCP, Absolute contraindications include : I have a mnemonic which might prove helpful in learning the absolute contraindlactions : Relative contraindications of OCP's Migraine with Aura Diabetes mellitus/Gestational diabetes Hypeension (mild) Smoking Uterine l... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not true about the thoracic outlet syndrome | [
"Resection of first rib solves symptoms",
"Neurological features are most common",
"Positive adson's test",
"Radial nerve is commonly affected"
] | D | Not the Radial nerve, but Ulnar nerve is most commonly affected in thoracic outlet syndrome. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is the collective name which includes - Cervical rib syndrome Scalenus anterior syndrome Costoclavicular syndrome Hyperabduction syndrome Pectoralis minor syndrome First thoracic rib syndrome The syndro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Endemic typhus is transmitted by? | [
"Flea",
"Tick",
"Mite",
"Mosquito"
] | A | <p> Endemic typhus is transmitted by flea. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:299. <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
Serous demilunes is present in? | [
"Serous glands",
"Mucous glands",
"Mixed glands",
"All salivary glands"
] | C | ANSWER: (C) Mixed glandsREF: Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy by Wolfgang Kuhn p: 280A serous demilune is a cap in the shape of a half-moon (hence the name "demilune") on some salivary glands.Serous demilunes are the serous cells at the distal end of mucous tubuloalveolar secretory unit of ce... | train | med_mcqa | null |
PLP is not required for: | [
"Cystathionine b synthase",
"Glutamate decarboxylase",
"Aspaate transaminase",
"Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase"
] | D | Vitamin B6 is involved in a variety of reactions as shown below: Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycogen Phosphorylase Amino Acid Metabolism: All Transaminases - ALT, AST Cystathionine b synthase ,Cystathioninase,decarboxylases, Kynureninase, Heme synthesis, ALA synthase Lipid metabolism:- Synthesis of arachidonic acid, Synt... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Malloru byaline bodies are seen all except | [
"Indian childhood cirrhosis",
"Wilson's disease",
"Alcoholic hepatitis",
"Crigler .najjar syndrome"
] | D | Ref , Robbins 7/e p905 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Deja vu phenomenon means: | [
"Feeling that familiar things look unfamiliar",
"Feeling that unfamiliar things look familiar",
"Unable to recall the familiar name",
"Feeling detached from one's own body"
] | B | Ans: B (Feeling that unfamiliar things look familiar) Ref: Synopsis of psychiatry, Kaplan & Sadock, 10th editionExplanationAltered state of consciousness, sense of self and surroundings is a frequent symptom in psychiatry.They occur in following situationsOrganic conditions like epilepsySubstance related like cannabis ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 26 year old female patient complains of food lodgement in her lower right back tooth. On intra-oral examination, occlusal caries is seen with 46. The dentist decides to restore the tooth using composite restorative material and a self etching adhesive bonding system. The term ‘water trees’ related to this restoratio... | [
"Microleakage",
"Nanoleakage",
"Marginal leakage",
"All of the above"
] | B | The term “nanoleakage” has been used to describe small porosities in the hybrid layer or at the transition between the hybrid layer and the mineralized dentin that allow the penetration of minuscule particles of a silver nitrate dye. When ammoniacal silver nitrate is used, silver deposits penetrate the hybrid layer for... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Caffeine, a methyl xanthine, has been added to a variety of cell types. Which one of the following would be expected in various cell types treated with caffeine and epinephrine? | [
"Decreased activity of liver PKA",
"Decreased activity of muscle PKA",
"Increased activity of liver pyruvate kinase",
"Decreased activity of liver glycogen synthase"
] | D | If the phosphodiesterase that degrades cAMP were inhibited (an effect of caffeine) in the presence of epinephrine, cAMP levels would be elevated. PKA would become more active in the liver and muscle; pyruvate kinase would become less active in the liver; and glycogen synthase activity would be decreased in both the mus... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true regarding perinaud's oculoglandular syndrome | [
"Bilateral",
"Preauricular lymphadenopathy",
"Fever",
"Cat scratch disease can be probable cause"
] | A | It is unilateral and not bilateral Perinaud's Oculoglandular Syndrome * U/L Granulomatous conjunctivitis * Pre auricular lymphadenopathy * Fever * Causes are Tularemia, Cat scratch disease, TB ,Syphillis , Lymphogranuloma venerum | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true regarding halothane except- | [
"Non - inflammable",
"Boils at 50 degree C",
"It is stable on the exposure to light",
"Heavy, colorless & sweet smell"
] | C | Halothane is not in clinical use in developed nations because of its unstability it is very unstable , needs a preservative thymol for its storage in ventilator which makes the ventilator sticky it decomposes with exposure to light needs dark bottle to store it. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Y-chromosome is: | [
"Telocentric",
"Metacentric",
"Submetacentric",
"Acrocentric"
] | D | Y chromosome is Acrocentric. X chromosome is Submetacentric. IMG showing METACENTRIC CHROMOSOME. IMG showing SUBMETACENTRIC chromosome. IMG showing ACROCENTRIC chromosome. IMG showing TELOCENTRIC chromosome. Sub-Metacentric chromosome - example - 'X' chromosome Acrocentric chromosome - example - 'Y' chromosome, 13,14,1... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Atonic uterus is more common in : | [
"Cesarean section",
"Multigravida",
"Primigravida",
"Breech delivery"
] | B | Multigravida leads to postpaum hemorrhage due to laxed abdomen Inadequate retraction and frequent adherent placenta contribute to it. Ref: Datta Obs 9e pg 385. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bite cells are characteristic of- | [
"G6PD deficiency",
"Thallasemia",
"Hereditary spherocytosis",
"Sideroblastic anaemia"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., G6PD deficiency | train | med_mcqa | null |
Intractable secondary glaucoma is seen in: | [
"Diffuse iris melanoma",
"Nodular iris melanoma",
"Melanocytic deposits in anterior part of iris",
"Melanocyte proliferation in posterior uveal tissue"
] | A | Ans. (a) Diffuse iris melanomaRef: Surgical Pathology of Head & Neck p. 1935Intractable secondary glaucoma may also occur in cases of blunt trauma due to anteriorly dislocated lens setting caught in the pupil.Iris melanoma(malignant neo plasms that arise from neuroectodermal melanocytes with in the Iris)Circumscribed/n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about relations of renal artery and vein - | [
"Left renal vein passes behind aorta",
"Renal artery passes in front of I VC",
"Right renal vein shorter than left renal vein",
"Renal artery is a branch of internal iliac artery"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Right renal vein shorter than left renal vein Renal vasculatureo Each kidney is supplied by renal artery {branch of abdominal aorta) and is drained by renal vein to IVC.o Renal artery Right renal artery is longer and passes behind JVC. Renal artery divides into : -Posterior division Supplies posterior... | train | med_mcqa | null |
MAST cells play a central role in the development of which type of hypersensitivity reaction? | [
"Immediate",
"Antibody mediated",
"Cell mediated",
"Immune complex mediate"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Immediate | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is not a treatment of Gastroesophageal Variceal hemorrhage ? | [
"Sclerotherapy",
"Sengstaken tube",
"Trans-jugular intrahepatic Porta-caval shunt",
"Gastric freezing"
] | D | Ans. (d) Gastric freezingRef.: Harrison 18thed, / 2598* Endoscopy followed by endoscopic variceal ligation should be performed.* Balloon tamponade with Sengstaken Blakemore tube or Minnesota tube can be used in patients who cannot get endoscopic therapy immediately or who need stabilization prior to endoscopic therapy.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of stridor shortly after birth – | [
"Laryngeal papilloma",
"Laryngeal web",
"Laryngomalacia",
"Vocal cord palsy"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the predominant flora of the mouth? | [
"Streptococcus mutans",
"Lactobacillus",
"Staphylococcus epidermidis",
"E.coli"
] | A | The eruption of teeth at 6 to 9 months of age leads to colonization by organisms such as Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguis, both a-hemolytic streptococci. An edentulous person loses a-hemolytic streptococci as normal flora. The predominant bacteria on the skin surface are S. epidermidis and Propionibacterium, an anae... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Shoest acting skeletal muscle relaxant is | [
"Suxamethonium",
"Mivacurium",
"Pancuronium",
"Vecuronium"
] | A | Suxamethonium (succinylcholine) is the shoest acting skeletal muscle relaxantMivacurium is the shoest acting nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant.(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.205-211) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reservoir of plague is ? | [
"Domestic rat",
"Wild rat",
"Rat flea",
"Man"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Wild rat | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following in not a cause of death due to suffocation | [
"Choking",
"Gagging",
"Smothering",
"Throttling"
] | D | Suffocation is a general term used to indicate a form of asphyxia where entry of air to the lungs is prevented by any means other than pressure on the neck or drowning. Smothering is caused by closing the external respiratory orifices either by hand or by other means. Gagging is closing of mouth & nose by cloth or soft... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nerve involved in parotidectomy is ? | [
"Trigeminal",
"Mandibular",
"Auriculotemporal",
"Lingual"
] | C | The nerve which is commonly involved is auriculotemporal nerve leading to Frey's syndrome. There are a number of quite invasive techniques described to prevent Frey's syndrome following parotidectomy. These are: Sternomastoid muscle flap, temporalis fascial flap, inseion of aificial membrane between skin and parotid sh... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amide group containing amino acid is: | [
"Asparate",
"Glutamine",
"Glutamate",
"Glutamic acid"
] | B | Amide (-CONH) group is present in:- Asparagine Glutamine Asparagine is the amide of Aspaate Glutamine is the amide of Glutamate | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ulnar nerve injury at wrist involves following except - | [
"Palmar interossei",
"Opponens pollicis",
"Dorsal interossei",
"Adductor pollicis"
] | B | Opponens pollicis is supplied by median nerve.
All other three muscles are supplied by ulnar nerve. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of nodulocystic acne ? | [
"Erythromycin",
"Isoretinonine",
"Tetracycline",
"Steroids"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Isoretinonine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Azzopardi effect is seen in: | [
"Squamous cell CA",
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Small cell lung CA",
"Large cell CA"
] | C | Ans. (c) Small cell lung CARef: Robbiris 9th ed./ 717* Azzopardi effect is basophilic staining of vascular walls due to encrustation by DNA from necrotic tumor cells.* It is seen in small cell lung carcinoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements are true regarding Colostrum or breast milk except | [
"Vitamin D is most abundant vitamin in breast milk",
"Taurine amino acid is present which is required for brain development",
"In comparison to cow's milk, human has higher lactose, iron and calcium - phosphate ratio",
"IgA is in high quantity"
] | A | Constituent Breast milk grammes per liter Cow milk grammers per lliter Proteins: 11 33 Casein 4 28 Soluble proteins 7 5 Lactalbumin 3.5 1.5 to 1.8 Beta-Lactaglobulin 0 3.7 Lactotransferrin 1 to 2 0.2 to 0.5 Immunoglobulin 1 to 2 0.5 Lysozyme 0.5 Traces Non Protein: Nitrogenous Substances 0.32 0.32 Lipids: 35 35 Linolei... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A deficiency of pancreatic exocrine secretion can result in which one of the following? | [
"An increased pH in the intestinal lumen",
"An increased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins",
"A decreased formation of bile salt micelles",
"Increased levels of blood chylomicrons"
] | C | The pancreas produces bicarbonate (which neutralizes stomach acid) and digestive enzymes (including pancreatic lipase and colipase, enzymes that degrade dietary lipids). The decreased production of bicarbonate will lead to a decrease in intestinal pH. Lower levels of pancreatic lipase will result in the decreased diges... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common valvular lesion in carcinoid syndrome of the hea is | [
"AR",
"AS",
"TR",
"MS"
] | C | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a feature of Crohn’s disease? | [
"Continous lesions",
"Non-caseating granulomas are present",
"Backwash ileitis may be associated with Crohn’s disease",
"Cobblestone appearance"
] | A | Ref. Robbins Pathology. 9th edition. Page. 798
Crohns Disease
Present with skip lesions
Earliest lesion – Aphthous ulcers
Can involve whole of GIT – Form oral cavity to amus
Smoking is a risk factor
Fissure, fistula seen
Stricture seen
Gross features – Creeping pad of fat, Cobblestone appearance
Microscopy - Non cas... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common type of melanoma | [
"Nodular melanoma",
"Superficial spreading melanoma",
"Lentigo maligna melanoma",
"Acral lentigious melanoma"
] | B | Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) This is the most common presentation (70%), usually arising in a pre-existent naevus after several years of slow change, followed by rapid growth in the preceding months before presentation.Ref: Bailey and Love, 27e, page: 609 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 63-year-old woman has Type II diabetes mellitus, which is well-controlled. Her physical examination is positive for peripheral neuropathy in the feet and non-proliferative retinopathy. A urinalysis is positive for proteinuria. Which of the following treatments is most likely to attenuate the course of renal disease? | [
"calcium channel blockers",
"ACE inhibitors",
"hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitors",
"dietary carbohydrate restriction"
] | B | It is very likely that control of hypertension and excellent glucose control will slow the development and course of renal disease in Type II diabetes mellitus. ACE inhibitors seem to decrease proteinuria and slow progression of renal disease. As renal function deteriorates, limiting dietary protein intake can also be ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Biopsy of a reasonably well-demarcated mass of the nasopharynx from a 30 year old man, Kapoor, demonstrates a plasma cell proliferation. Serum electrophoresis shows a small monoclonal IgG spike. Bone marrow evaluation fails to demonstrate plasma cell proliferation and no lesions are seen on extensive skeletal x-rays. W... | [
"Heavy chain disease",
"Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance",
"Multiple myeloma",
"Plasmacytoma"
] | D | Plasmacytoma (solitary myeloma) involving soft tissue (lungs, nasopharynx, nasal sinuses) is a plasma cell proliferation resembling multiple myeloma but without significant metastatic potential. In contrast, some plasmacytomas involving bone eventually (up to 10 to 20 years) develop into frank multiple myeloma. Heavy c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a Relaxation protein? | [
"Actin",
"Myosin",
"Tropomyosin",
"Dystrophin"
] | C | Tropomyosin molecules cover all the active site of actin molecule. It is located in the groove between the two chains of actin. (REF: TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY GEETHA N 2 EDITION, PAGE NO - 40) | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following openings in the right atrium are guarded by valve except - | [
"Superior vena cava",
"Inferior vena cava",
"Coronary sinus",
"Atrioventricular opening"
] | A | Valves on different openings to Right atrium
- Inferior vena cava- Rudimentary semilunar valve- Eustachian valve
- Coronary sinus- Incomplete semicircular valve- Thebesian valve
- AV opening- Tricuspid valve | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following anti-hypeensive medication not preferred during pregnancy? | [
"Labetalol",
"Enalapril",
"Nifedipine",
"Methyldopa"
] | B | Angiotensin-Conveing Enzyme Inhibitors These drugs inhibit the conversion of angiotensin-I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II. They can cause severe fetal malformations when given in the second and third trimesters. These include hypocalvaria and renal dysfunction. Some studies have also suggested teratogenic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal Curvature seen in Lumbar spine: | [
"Lordosis",
"Kyphosis",
"Scoliosis",
"Recurvatum"
] | A | (a) LordosisLordosis: lordosis is inward curvature of spine seen at cervical and lumbar spine. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drug is an example of psychological antagonism | [
"Heparin-protamine",
"Prostacycline-thromboxane",
"Adrenaline-phenoxybenzamine",
"Physostigmine-acetylcholine"
] | B | Physiological antagonism describes the behavior of a substance that produces effects counteracting those of another substance (a result similar to that produced by an antagonist blocking the action of an agonist at the same receptor) using a mechanism that does not involve binding to the same receptor. Prostacyclin (PG... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Isolation period of an infection is impoant to control its spread. What is TRUE about isolation period of enteric fever? | [
"Till three bacteriologically negative stools and urine repos",
"Upto three days after staing the treatment",
"Till the fever subsides",
"Till Widal becomes negative"
] | A | Since typhoid fever is infectious and has a prolonged course, the cases are better transferred to a hospital for proper treatment, as well as to prevent the spread of infection. As a rule, cases should be isolated till three bacteriologically negative stools and urine repos, are obtained on three separate days. Ref: Pa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common variety of lung carcinoma in women and children is? | [
"Small cell carcinoma",
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Squamous cell carcinoma",
"Large cell carcinoma"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Adenocarcinoma Remember* Adenocarcinoma is the overall most common type of lung carcinoma.* Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung carcinoma in non-smokers and females.* Squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma is the most common type of lung carcinoma in India.* Squamous cell carcinoma is the mos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest cause of acute otitis media in children is - | [
"H. influenza",
"Strepto-pneumoniae",
"Staph aureus",
"Pseudomonas"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Weakest support of uterus is? | [
"Mackenrodt's ligament",
"Uterosacral ligament",
"Round ligament",
"Broad ligament"
] | D | ANSWER: (D) Broad ligamentREF: Grays anatomy 39th ed p. 1332,1333Repeat from December 2010SUPPORTS OF UTERUS:The uterus is primarily supported byPelvic diaphragmPerineal body* Urogenital diaphragmSecondarily, it is supported by ligaments and the peritoneum (broad ligament of uterus)Major ligamentsNameFromToUterosacral ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Macintosh indicator is used for ? | [
"To assess degree of NM blockade",
"Localization of extradural space",
"To assess level of GA",
"To monitor respiratory depression"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Localization of extradural space Various methods have been used to locate the epidural (extra dural space), most of which rely on subatmospheric pressure. These are :- Loss of resistance to air or saline (most common technique). Gutierrez's method : A hanging drop of saline on the hub of needle is dra... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is fibrosing type of thyroiditis? | [
"Hashimoto's thyroiditis",
"Riedel's thyroiditis",
"De Quervain's thyroiditis",
"All of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The parvocellular pathway, from die lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual coex, carries signals for the detection of | [
"Movement, depth and flicker",
"Color vision, shape and fine details",
"Temporal frequency",
"Luminance contrast"
] | B | From the lateral geniculate nucleus, a magnocellular pathway and a parvocellular pathway project to the visual coex. The parvocellular pathway, from layers 3-6, carries signals for color vision, texture, shape, and fine detail. The parvocellular pathway also carries color opponent data to the deep pa of layer 4.Ref: Ga... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a feature of Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma- | [
"Occurs in Type-2 DM",
"Most commonly in elderly",
"Insidious onset",
"Hyperventilation occurs before coma"
] | D | The prototypical patient with HHS is an elderly individual with type 2 DM, with a several week history of polyuria, weight loss, and diminished oral intake that culminates in mental confusion, lethargy, or coma (insidious onset). The physical examination reflects profound dehydration and hyperosmolality and reveals hyp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A city has a population of 10000 with 500 diabetic patients. A new diagnostic test gives true positive result in 350 patients and false positive result in 1900 patients. Which of the following is/are true regarding the test ?a) Prevalence is 5%b) Sensitivity is 70%c) Specificity is 80%d) Sensitivity is 80%e) Specifici... | [
"abc",
"bc",
"acd",
"bcd"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the teeth in patient’s mouth are similarly affected as shown in the radiograph. What is the most likely anomaly? | [
"Type 1 dentinal dysplasia",
"Type 2 dentinal dysplasia",
"Taurodontism",
"Amelogenesis imperfecta"
] | B | Dentinal dysplasia
Dentinal dysplasia is an inherited condition affecting both dentitions. It is divided into two types: Type I (radicular dentinal dysplasia) and Type II (coronal dentinal dysplasia). It occurs less frequently than dentinogenesis imperfecta.
Clinical features
Type I is the more frequent type. Teeth eru... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Isolated gastric varices | [
"Profuse bleeding",
"Most commonly due to splenic vein thrombosis",
"EUS is better than endoscopy",
"Single treatment can lead to eradication"
] | B | Most common cause of gastric varices : Cirrhosis Most common cause of isolated gastric varices : Splenic vein thrombosis Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 1232 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient comes in dental office for routine dental check up. His upper central incisor which is root canal treated 6 months ago, shows a Periapical radiolucency, but the patient has no previous radiographs of the lesion. Treatment at this time: | [
"No treatment, observe",
"Redo the RCT",
"Make a Post and Core",
"Do apicoectomy"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following Vitamin deficiency is responsible for functional Folate deficiency ? | [
"Vitamin B1",
"Vitamin B2",
"Vitamin B6",
"Vitamin B12"
] | D | Vitamin B12 Deficiency Causes Functional Folate Deficiency--the "Folate Trap" When acting as a methyl donor, S-adenosyl methionine forms homocysteine, which may be remethylated by methyltetrahydrofolate catalyzed by methionine synthase, a vitamin B12 -dependent enzyme. As the reduction of methylene-tetrahydrofolate to ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nuclear ophthalmoplegia is due to ? | [
"Damage to medial longitudinal fasciculus",
"Damage to temporal lobe",
"Damage to oculomotor nuclei",
"None of the above"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Damage to oculomotor nuclei Ophthalmoplegia Ophthalmoplegia is paralysis of the eye muscles. Three common types are :- External ophthalmoplegia :- If only extraocular muscles are paralysed. Internal ophthalmoplegia :- If only intrinsic muscles (ciliar muscles and iris) are paralysed. Total ophthalmopl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are TRUE about hyperparathyroidism, Except: | [
"Commonly occurs after thyroidectomy",
"May cause hypercalcemia",
"Solitary adenoma is the most common cause",
"None of the above"
] | A | Answer is A (Commonly occurs after thyroidectomy): Thyroidectomy may lead to hypoparathyroidism and not hyperparathyroidism due to inadveent removal of the parathyroid glands. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is only filtered into renal tubules? | [
"DTPA",
"DMSA",
"MAG3",
"EC"
] | A | Renal DTPA scan is a process for diagnosis and evaluation of kidney functioning. It involves intravenous administration of radiopharmaceutical material to assess the drainage pattern of kidneys and to find out if any area is not functioning properly. This painless, non-invasive technology has revolutionised the world o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest site of metastasis of Wilm's tumour is - | [
"Bones",
"Lungs",
"Liver",
"Brain"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Millard Gubler syndrome all are involved except: | [
"5th cranial nerve",
"6th cranial nerve",
"7th cranial nerve",
"Contralateral hemiplegia"
] | A | 5th cranial nerve FOCAL VASCULAR SYNDROMES OF THE P REGION SYNDROME NAME VASCULAR SUPPLY ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE (S) CLINICAL FEATURE (5) Medial pontine basis Dysahriadeg hemiparesis (pure motor hemiparesis) Paramedian branches of basilar aery, ventral territory Coicospinal and coicobulbar tracts Contralateral face, arm, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following does not show an Isomorphic type of Koebner phenomenon - | [
"Molluscum",
"Vitiligo",
"Psoriasis",
"None"
] | A | Ans- A. Question asks indirectly the cause for Pseudo-Koebner phenomenon among the options given. Ref- Illustrated Synopsis of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Neena Khanna 1.Isomorphic phenomenon (iso: similar, morph: form) or Koebner's phenomenon: new lesions of the original disease develop at sites of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not spread by Aedes mosquito - | [
"Dengue fever",
"Chickungunya",
"Japanese encephalitis",
"Yellow fever"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Japanese encephalitis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Largest cranial nerve is: | [
"Trochlear",
"Trigeminal",
"Oculomotor",
"Vagus"
] | B | Trigeminal | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rh incomatibility is - | [
"Type I hypersensitivity",
"Type II hypersensitivity",
"Type III hypersensitivity",
"Type IV hyperseninsitivity"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Type II hypersensitivityo Rh incomplatability (erythroblastosis fetalis) is a type II hypeosensiutivity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
which of the following is tricyclic antidepressent | [
"desipramine",
"fluoxetine",
"bupropion",
"seraline"
] | A | TCA * MECHANISM This is an antidepressant with three rings. It acts by blocking the transpoers of neurotransmitters resulting in increased neurotransmitters in synapse DRUGS AMITRYPTILLINE IMIPRAMINE CLOMIPRAMINE DESIPRAMINE NORIPTILLINE DOXEPINE * USE AMITRYPTILLINE========PAIN WITH DEPRESSION IMIPRAMINE==========CHIL... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Guardian angel against obesity name given to? | [
"Adiponectin",
"Fibronectin",
"HDL",
"Insulin"
] | A | Ans. (a) Adiponectin | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 27 year old sexually active male develops a vesiculobullous lesion on the glans soon after within 8hrs taking tablet diclofenac for viral fever. The lesion healed with hyperpigmentation.The most likely dignosis is- | [
"Behcet's syndrome",
"herpes genitalis",
"fixed drug erruption",
"pemphigus vulgaris"
] | C | Fixed drug eruption It characteristically recur at the same site following administration of offending drugs or occasionally a member of the same group of drugs. They occur 30min to 8hrs after drug administration Most common drugs: Sulfonamides NSAIDS Dapsone Batbiturates Ciprofloxacin Phenytoin Griseofulvin Metronidaz... | train | med_mcqa | null |
While dispatching blood and urine chemical analysis sodium floride is added as preservative in the following concentration : | [
"30 mg/10m1",
"40 mg/ 10 ml",
"50 mg/ ml",
"100 mg/10 ml"
] | D | D i.e. 100mg/10 ml | train | med_mcqa | null |
The resting membrane potential of a cell: | [
"Is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater to Na+",
"Falls to zero if Na+/K+ ATPase in membrane is inhibited",
"Is equal to the equilibrium potential for K+",
"Is equal to the equilibrium potential of Na+"
] | A | Is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater to Na+ REF: Ganong, 22nd edition, BRS physiology, 4th edition page 11 Ionic Basis of nerve Resting Membrane Potential: Resting membrane potential is potential difference across the cell membrane in millivolts. Which is by convention -70 Mv Restin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 2 yr old child presents to PHC with fever and cough He had chest in drawing and rate of 38 / min weight 11 kg The next step in management according to IMNCI | [
"only antipyretics are given",
"Given antibiotics and refer to teiary care",
"Refer to teiary care",
"Not an emergency"
] | D | Child age 2-59months with chest indrawing and difficult breath should be treated with oral Amoxicilin at least 40mg for BD 5 days. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Growth factor oncogene is | [
"MYC",
"Fos",
"Sis",
"Jun"
] | C | Ref Robbins 7/e p182 A number of nuclear transcription factors are the products of oncogene like my,fos, jun myb and rel. Out of these myc is most commonly involved in tumors .SIS oncogene in the only example of a growth factor oncogene in the given options .it's over expression is seen in cancers like astrocytoma and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common Morphological difference between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease | [
"Mucosal edema",
"Crypt abscess",
"Diffuse polyps",
"Lymphoid aggregates"
] | B | Ref:- Bailey and Love 27th Edition; Pg num:- 1268 | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Looser's zone" are seen in: | [
"Osteogenesis imperfecta",
"Osteopetrosis",
"Osteomalacia",
"Hypoparathyroidism"
] | C | Ans. c (Osteomalacia). (Ref. Grainger, Diagnostic Radiology, 4th/ pg. l933, 1949).MBKMAN'S FRACTURE/ LOOSER'S ZONE/ UMBAU ZONE/ PSEUDO FRACTURE# Focal accumulations of osteoid are seen in compact bone at right angles to long axis; radiographically, these are known as Looser's zones or pseudofractures or umbau zones# Ex... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not used for anxiety | [
"Propranolol",
"Alprazolam",
"Buspirone",
"Haloperidol"
] | D | Treatment consists of therapy Treatment includes counselling or medication, including antidepressants. Self-care Avoid alcohol, Reduce caffeine intake, Physical exercise, Stress management, Quitting smoking, Relaxation techniques, and Healthy diet Therapies Cognitive behavioral therapy, Meditation, and Psychotherapy Me... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In diseases of growth hormone cell death occurs by- | [
"Aging",
"Apoptosis",
"Necrosis",
"All of the above"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Apoptosis o GH and IGF-1 (somatomedin) inhibit cell death by apoptosiso Thus, GH deficiency will cause accelerated apoptosis."GH indirectly mediates growth and protein synthesis by triggering the liver and other tissues to produce a group of proteins called insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). These pr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following age group is most severely affected by Rubella infection - | [
"Females aged 25 -- 35 Year",
"Young girls",
"Adolescent girls",
"Unborn child"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Unborn child | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trachoma inclusion bodies are called as | [
"HP bodies",
"Negri bodies",
"Koeppe's nodules",
"Boiled sagograin follicles"
] | A | (Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 67 - 71) Trachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes' A, B, Ba, and CThe organism is epitheliotropic and produces intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies called HP bodies (Halberstaedter prowazeke bodies) They typically represent sites of viral mul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Negative Mantoux test is when induration is | [
"<10 mm",
"<15 mm",
"<20 mm",
"<5 mm"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Botulinum toxin acts by | [
"Secretion of Ach",
"Synthesis of ACh",
"Inhibits Ach release",
"Muscle nerve block"
] | C | Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed pg no:133 botulinum toxin and beta-bungaro toxin inhibits the release of Ach into the synapse | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common symptom of endometriosis is: | [
"Infertility",
"Menorrhagia",
"Dyspareunia",
"Dysmenorrhoea"
] | D | Ans: d (dysmenorrhea) Ref: Shaw, 13th ed, p. 442Dysmenorrhoea is the most common symptom of endometriosis. The pain begins before the onset of menstruation builds continuously until the flow the begins and thereafter gradually declinesEndometriosis- Def: Presence of functioning endometrium (glands + stroma) in sites ot... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 55-year-old male firefighter is admitted to the hospital after blunt trauma to his right axilla. Examination reveals winging of the scapula and partial paralysis of the right side of the diaphragm. Which of the following parts of the brachial plexus have been injured? | [
"Cords",
"Divisions",
"Roots",
"Terminal branches"
] | C | The winged scapula results from a lesion of the long thoracic nerve, which supplies the serratus anterior muscle. This muscle is responsible for rotating the scapula upward, which occurs during abduction of the arm above the horizontal. The long thoracic nerve comes off the C5 to C7 roots of the brachial plexus. The di... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 5 year old boy falls off his bike and fractures his humerus. He is taken to the emergency room , and the bone is set by one of the emergency room physicians. Which of the following is responsible for producing the majority of the new bone that will reunite the two fragments? | [
"Cancellous bone",
"Cailage",
"Compact bone",
"Periosteum"
] | D | When the periosteum is torn during a fracture, it supplies cells that develop into osteoblasts and are the major producers of the new bone that reunites the two ends. Heterotopic ossification (bone formed outside the regular bone) can occur as a complication of fracture if some of the osteoblastic cells are misdirected... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The commonest site for extragonadal germ cell tumour is ? | [
"Retroperitoneum",
"Sacrococcygeal region",
"Pineal gland",
"Mediastinum"
] | D | Ans. is `d'i.e., Mediastinum | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic features of a lesion in the lateral part of the medulla include all except - | [
"Ipsilateral Homer's syndrome",
"Contralateral loss of proprioception to the body and limbs",
"Nystagmus",
"Dysphagia"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Contralateral loss of proprioception to the body and limbs | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the first non-succedaneous tooth to erupt into the oral cavity: | [
"Mandibular central incisor.",
"Mandibular first molar.",
"Maxillary first molar.",
"Maxillary central incisor."
] | B | Mandibular central incisor is the first succedaneous tooth to erupt in the oral cavity.
Mandibular 1st molar is the first non-succedaneous tooth to erupt in the oral cavity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a Balanced Occlusion, if the incisal guidance is increased, then there is | [
"Increased condylar guidance",
"Increased curve of Spee",
"Increased plane of orientation",
"Cuspal height is decreased"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vasoactive amines, involved in inflammation are - | [
"Histamine",
"Renin",
"Angiotensin",
"All"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., HistamineVasoactive amines The two amines are especially impoant because they are present in preformed stores in cells and are therefore among the first mediators to be released during inflammation. These are ?1. HistamineIt is widely distributed in tissues, the richest source being the mast cells.It ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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