question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epidemic ty phus cause & vector - | [
"Rickettessiae prowazki & Louse",
"R. typhi & mite",
"R. conorii & tick",
"R. akari & mite"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Rickettessiae prowazki & Louse Rickettsial diseasesDiseaseAgentInsect vectorMammalian reservoir1. Typhus groupa. Epidemic typhusb. Murine typhus (Endemic typhus)c. Scrub typhusR. prowazekiiR. typhiR. tsutsugamushiLouseFleaMiteHumansRodentsRodents2. Spotted fever groupa. Indian tick typhusb. Rocky moun... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following provisions are included in the Primary health care according to the Alma Ata declaration except: | [
"Adequate supply of safe drinking water",
"Nutrition",
"Provision of free medicines",
"Basic sanitation"
] | C | ALMA - ATA CONFERENCE: Called for WHO Goal of "Health for All" by 2000 India is a signatory Provisions included under Primary Health Care according to Alma Ata conference: E- Essential drugs ; 33-38 essential drugs are included in PHC. Most essential drug is Paracetamol L - Locally endemic disease prevention & control ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cellulose is a: | [
"Fructose polymer",
"Non-starch polysaccharide",
"Starch polysaccharide",
"Glycosaminoglycan"
] | B | Option b : Cellulose is a non-starch homopolysaccharide Cellulose unbranched, non-starch homopolysaccharide It is made up of glucose molecules linked by beta (1- 4) glucosidic linkages (see fig). This linkage can't be broken down by any human enzyme due to beta anomerism at C-1. Intestinal bacteria ferments cellulose t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Deficiency of vasopressin results in: | [
"Inability of the kidney to concentrating urine",
"Increased Na+ loss",
"Hyperkalemia",
"Decreased urine output"
] | A | Inability of the kidney to concentrating urine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a Contraindication for lap cholecystectomy | [
"Acute cholecystitis",
"Cancer Gallbladder",
"Portal Hypertension",
"Bleeding Diathesis"
] | A | Ans. (a) Acute CholecystitisRef: Blumgart 5th edition Page 514* Acute cholecystitis, the treatment of choice is Lap Cholecystectomy.* In other conditions surgery should be done by Open method.Contraindications to Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Absolute# Unable to tolerate general anesthesia# Refractory coagulopathy# Susp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Apical constriction is otherwise known as | [
"Minor diameter",
"Major diameter",
"Radiographic apex",
"Tooth apex"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
For myositis ossificans, main cause is? | [
"Infection",
"Hereditary",
"Benign pathology",
"Trauma"
] | D | Myositis ossificans progressive is a disease of unknown etiology characterised by formation of fibrous tissue and bone within interstitial tissues of muscles, tendons, fascia, ligaments, aponeurosis and even the skin. Most cases of myositis ossificans occur as a result of trauma, and thus the main demographic is young ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False regarding fourth cranial nerve | [
"Innervate external rectus",
"Innervate superior oblique",
"Runs along the lateral wall of cavernous sinus",
"Enters into the orbit through the superior fissure"
] | A | Answer: (a) Innervate external rectusTROCHLEAR NERVE* 4th cranial nerve, supplies only the superior oblique muscle.* Most slender cranial nerve.* Longest intracranial course.* Undergo complete internal decussation within the superior medullary velum before emerging.* Nucleus is situated in Ventro medial part of grey ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Preferred technique to aneasthesize while taking a biopsy: | [
"Nerve block",
"Infiltration",
"Field block.",
"Any of the above"
] | A | Nerve block is preferred over field block as LA may distrupt or damage cellular architecture. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Casoni test is: | [
"Type I Hypersensitivity reactions",
"Type II Hypersensitivity reactions",
"Type III Hypersensitivity reactions",
"Type IV Hypersensitivity reactions"
] | A | Type I Hypersensitivity reactions | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following drugs are contraindicated in patients with G-6-PD deficiency, except | [
"Furazolidone",
"Cotrimoxazole",
"Ceftriaxone",
"Nalidixic acid"
] | C | G-6PD deficiency is responsible for haemolysis with primaquine and other oxidizing drugs. Haemolysis is severe in homozygous deficient individuals of ceain genotypes. Impoant drugs repoed to cause haemolysis in G-6PD deficient subjects are listed Ref:- kd tripathi; pg num:-65,66 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The RCH programme was launched in | [
"1993",
"1995",
"1997",
"1999"
] | C | Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme was launched in October 1997. The main aim of the programme is to reduce infant, child and maternal moality rates. RCH - II was launched on 1st April 2005. The main objective of the program was to bring about a change in mainly three critical health indicators i.e. reducing... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Deep venous system of brain consist of | [
"Superior sagittal sinus with straight sinus",
"Inf. Sagittal sinus with straight sinus",
"Internal cerebral veins",
"Basilar vein"
] | C | It is single median vein formed by union of 2 internal cerebral vein. along with inferior petrosal sinus terminate in straight sinus. Its tributaries are basal vein, veins from pineal body, colliculus, cerebellum& occipital lobes. Ref: Gray's 40e/p256 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lining of fallopian tube is - | [
"Ciliated columnar epithelium",
"Cuboidal epithelium",
"Non Keratinizing squamous epithelium",
"Ependyma"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ciliated columnar epithelium Types of epitheliumTissue or organSimple squamousLung alveoliMesothelium lining serous surfacesEndocardium and endotheliumLoop of henle in nephronKeratinized stratified squamousEpidermis of skinDuct of sebaceous glandNon keratinized stratified squamousTongue, tonsil, phary... | train | med_mcqa | null |
NCPF is due to:- | [
"Extrahepatic obstruction",
"Intrahepatic pre-sinusoidal obstruction",
"Intrahepatic sinusoidal obstruction",
"Intrahepatic post-sinusoidal obstruction"
] | B | NON-CIRRHOTIC POAL FIBROSIS (NCPF) Characterized by widespread fibrosis of liver ( mainly poal, subcapsular and rarely perisinusoidal) causing wide variation in normal architecture There is no true cirrhosis. Hallmark of diseases is Thrombosis/sclerosis of the poal vein branches. Poal and peripoal fibrosis of varying e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The single most common cause of pyrexia of unknown origin is - | [
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"Salmonella typhi",
"Brucella spp",
"Salmonella paratyphi A"
] | A | Pyrexia of unknown origin is definedvas a temperature persistently above 38 degree celsius for more than 3 weeks,without diagnosis despite initial investigations during 3 days of inpatient care or after more than two outpatient visits. Specific organisms associated with PUP are tuberculosis( extrapulmonary - most commo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common vasculitis in children: | [
"Kawasaki disease",
"Takayasu disease",
"HSP",
"Microscopic PAN"
] | C | c. HSP(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1216-1217, Ghai 8/e p 632-633)Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis of childhood. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Unilateral cleft lip is associated with - | [
"Posterior displacement of alar cartilage",
"Columella elongated",
"Always cleft palate",
"Defective sucking"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A male 15 years of age presents with hemorrhage, 5 hours after tonsillectomy. Treatment of choice is: | [
"External gauze packing",
"Antibiotics and mouth wash",
"Irrigation with saline",
"Reopen immediately"
] | D | Reactionary hemorrhage occurs within a few hours of the operation and may be severe. It may occur after operation and is treated by a return to the theater when the vessel is ligated under anesthesia. Reactionary haemorrhage mostly occurs due to dislodgement of any clot or because BP of patient comes back to normal aft... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Renshaw cell inhibition is an example of: | [
"Postsynaptic inhibition",
"Feed forward inhibition",
"Recurrent inhibition",
"Collateral inhibition"
] | C | Renshaw cells are inhibitory cells that transmit inhibitory signals to the surrounding motor neurons. This anterior motor neuron gets excitatory impulses from multiple sources, if all these excitatory inputs were sent to the muscles, muscle will fatigue early, so, there is some inherent check to reduce the excitability... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following is a disorder of X-linked inheritance | [
"Sickle cell anaemia",
"Galactosemia",
"Thalassemia",
"Colour Blindness"
] | D | Colour blindness (Red-green colour blindness) is an X-Linked Recessive Disorder. X-Linked Recessive Disorders X-Linked Dominant Disorders Color Blindness (Red Green Color Blindness) Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome Duchene Muscular Dystrophy Becker muscular dystrophy Hunter&;s disease Fabry&;s Disease Menke&;s Disease (Kinky hair ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Human anatomical wastes arc treated,'disposed by - | [
"Autoclaving",
"Chemical disinfection",
"Incineration",
"Microwaving"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Incineration Human anatomical wastes such as human tissues, organs, and body parts are classified as Waste Category No. 1They are disposed in 'plastic bags' with a \yellow color code' and treated by 'Incineration or deep burial'.Colour codingType of containerWaste categoryTreatment options as per Sced... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child presented with cola coloured urine, pro?teinuria 2+ & h/o rash 2 week ago. Probable Dx is ? | [
"IgA nephropathy",
"HSP",
"HUS",
"Wegener Granulomatosis"
] | B | Ans is 'b' i.e., HSP o This patient has developed hematuria (cola coloured urine) 2 weeks after an upper respiratory tract infection (there is history of rash and most of the UIs have rash in their clinical course e.g. measles, chicken pox etc.) o Hematuria after UI: (i) After 2 days --> IgA nephropathy (ii) After 10 d... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Gaucher's diseases, there is deficiency of | [
"Glucocerebrosidase",
"Glucokinase",
"Sphingomyelinase",
"G-6PD"
] | A | Glucocerebrosidase
Gaucher's disease is due to deficiency of 13-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase). | train | med_mcqa | null |
A lady in her first trimester with hyperemesis gravidarum wakes up with diplopia and mental confusion and nystagmus. What is the probable diagnosis? | [
"Pregnancy induced hypeension",
"Wernicke's syndrome",
"Occipital infarction",
"Pituitary apoplexy"
] | B | Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a potentially reversible yet serious neurological manifestation caused by vitamin B1(thiamine) deficiency. It is commonly associated with heavy alcohol consumption. Other clinical associations are with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), starvation, and prolonged intravenous feeding. Most pat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tuning fork frequency used in ENT is? | [
"256 Hz",
"512 Hz",
"1024 Hz",
"2048 Hz"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) 512 HzREF: Dhingra 4th ed page 21Even though tuning forks of frequencies 256,512, 1024, 2048 are used in ENT, however the most preferred and commonly used is 512 HZ since tuning forks of higher frequency have shorter decay time and those with lower frequency produce a sense of bone vibration, | train | med_mcqa | null |
Radiation exposure during infancy has been linked to which one of the following carcinoma? | [
"Lung",
"Breast",
"Thyroid",
"Melanoma"
] | C | The cancer which frequently follows accidental irradiation of the thyroid in children under 5 years of age are differentiated thyroid carcinoma, paicularly papillary carcinoma. Ref: Bailey and Love's Sho Practice of Surgery, 24th Edition, Pages 797, 802. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Snow banking on fundus examination is the sign of | [
"Anterior uveitis",
"Intermediate uveitis",
"Posterior uveitis",
"CMV infection"
] | B | Pars planitis is intermediate uveitis M /c cause of pars planitis is idiopathic M/c symptom is FLOATERS Eye is usually quiet , fundus shows Snow ball opacities which may join together to form Snow banking .(Hallmark Feature) Snow Balls-are the infllamatory cells From Pars Plana thrown into vitreous causing vitreous flo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
High Air velocity is measured by - | [
"Psychrometer",
"Anemometer",
"Kata thermometer",
"Hygrameter"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e.. Anemometer | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following site is commonly involved in cases of Myositis ossificans: | [
"Masseter",
"Hyoglossus",
"Stylohyoid",
"Lateral pterygoid"
] | A | Myositis ossificans manifests by masses of fibrous tissue and bone in the interstitial tissues of muscle, leading to atrophy and destruction of associated muscles. Masseter is commonly involved in face and fixation of jaw occurs. The patient becomes transformed into rigid, like a "petrified man'. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about serratus anterior ? | [
"Causes protraction",
"Causes lateral rotation",
"Supplied by thoracodorsal nerve",
"Forms lateral boundary of axilla"
] | A | Serratus anterior causes protraction of scapula.It is supplied by long thoracic nerve (Nerve of Bell).It forms medial boundary of axilla.Serratus anteriorOrigin : Outer surface of upper 8 ribs by 8 digitations (multipennate muscles).Inseion : Medial border of scapula and inferior angle.Nerve supply : Long thoracic nerv... | train | med_mcqa | null |
1st Carpal bone to ossify: | [
"Trapezoid",
"Capitate",
"Lunate",
"Pisiform"
] | B | (b) CapitateOssification of the Carpal BonesOssification of the carpal bones occurs in a predictable sequence, starting with the capitates and ending with the pisiform.At birth, there is no calcification in the carpal bones. Although there is great individual variability, approximate ossification times are as follows:*... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Muscle relaxant excreted exclusively by kidney – | [
"Gallamine",
"Atracurium",
"Vercuronium",
"Sch"
] | A | Muscle relaxant entirely dependent on renal excretion are gallamine and metocurine → contraindicated in renal failure. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage in young individuals: March, September 2005 | [
"Trauma",
"Hypeension",
"Eale's disease",
"Diabetes"
] | A | Ans. A: Trauma Vitreous hemorrhage risk factors include Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Branch or central retinal vein occlusion, Retinal tears with or without detachment (especially in high myopia), PVD, and Retinal aery occlusion Trauma is the leading cause of vitreous hemorrhage in young individuals | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 36-year-old male comes with a 2-day history of chest pain. The pain has been continuous and does not change with activity. Vital signs show normal BP, mild tachycardia and tachypnea, and an oxygen saturation of 90% on room air. Cardiopulmonary exam is normal. An ECG shows a rate of 106 beats/min, left axis detion, le... | [
"Pulmonary embolism",
"Costochondritis",
"Pericarditis",
"Unstable angina"
] | C | Option A: Pulmonary embolism= Ruled out because PE ECG findings are S1Q3T3/Sinus tachycardia Option C: PR segment depression = Atrial myocardium damage T wave inversion - Ventricular myocardium damage This is talking about diffuse damage in the hea. Option D: ECG of unstable angina= ST normal Sometimes ST | T wave inve... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh supplies skin overlying all EXCEPT | [
"Lateral aspect of thigh",
"Posterior Inferior aspect of buttock",
"Scrotum",
"Popliteal Fossa"
] | A | Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh do not supply the lateral aspect of the thigh. Lateral thigh is supplied by lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh supplies: Gluteal region, the perineum, and the back of the thigh (and leg) region primarily. It also covers the cutaneous region on posterio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Probe used in western blot: | [
"Antibody",
"M-RNA",
"DNA",
"t-RNA"
] | A | A i.e. Antibody Western blot (immuno blot) analyses protein by antibody labeled probeQ. Nohern blot analyses m-RNA by a radioactive probe and southern blot analysis DNA by radioactive probe. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The vital layer in a slow sand filter is? | [
"Sand bed",
"Under drainage",
"Zoological layer",
"Supernatant"
] | C | Sandfliters are two kinds slow sand filtwr and rapid sand filter.Slow sand fliter contains supernatant water,a bed of graded sand,under drainage system,system of filter control valves.When filter is newly laid it act as a mechanical filter later the surface of sandbed gets covered by aslimy growth called Schmutzdecke,v... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Continuous murmur is present in | [
"cardiomyopathy",
"MS",
"PDA",
"cardiac tamponade"
] | C | A continuous murmur is predicated on a pressure gradient that persists between two cardiac chambers or blood vessels across systole and diastole.The murmurs
typically begin in systole, envelop the second heart sound (S 2 ), and continue through some portion of diastole.
They can often be difficult to distinguish from i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following mandibular major connector is more esthetic, if wide anterior teeth diastema is present: | [
"Lingual plate.",
"Lingual bar.",
"Continuous bar retainer.",
"Labial bar."
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Seen in vernal catarrh are: | [
"Papillary hyperophy",
"Follicles",
"Pannus formation",
"All"
] | A | A i.e. Papillary hyperophy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regimen used in non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma is : | [
"CHOP",
"COPP",
"MOPP",
"ABVD"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The rate-limiting step for norepinephrine synthesis | [
"Conversion of phenylalanine to Tyrosine",
"Conversion of Tyrosine to DOPA",
"Conversion of DOPA to dopamine",
"Conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine"
] | B | In the synthesis of Norepinephrine, Tyrosine is hydroxylated to 3,4dihydroxyphenylalanine by tyrosine hydroxylase. This enzyme catalyses the rate limiting reaction and require tetrahydrobiopterin as coenzyme.Ref: Biochemistry, U. Satyanarayana, Fouh edition, page no: 349 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to parotid gland traverse through which of the following ? | [
"Chorda tympani nerve",
"Vidian nerve",
"Greater petrosal nerve",
"Auriculo temporal nerve"
] | D | Parasympathetic supply to parotid gland : From Inferior salivatory nucleus - Glossopharyngeal nerve - tympanic plexus - lesser petrosal nerve - otic ganglion - Auriculotemporal nerve - parotid gland Chorda tympani nervecontains preganglionic parasympathetic fibres responsible forsecretion of the submandibular gland. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which true about MDC | [
"Reduce by 2/3rd the under five moality by year 1990-2012",
"Half the prevalence of HIV-AIDS by 2015",
"Reduce maternal moality by 50% by 1990-2012",
"Reduce hunger and povey by half"
] | A | Ans. a. Reduce by 2/3rd the under five moality by year 1990-2012 Millennium Development Goals Millennium Development Goal 1: eradicate extreme povey and hungerdeg Target 1.C. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the propoion of people who suffer from hungerdeg Millennium Development Goal 4: reduce child moalitydeg Target 4.A.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maralgia paresthetica is not caused by | [
"Ascites",
"Alcohol consumption",
"Obesity",
"Pelvic surgery -"
] | B | A painful mononeuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), meralgia paresthetica is commonly due to focal entrapment of this nerve. Meralgia paraesthetica can occur in pregnancy, in obesity and if there is tense ascites. It may be a result of trauma, surgery (such as pelvic osteotomy, spinal surgeries, lap... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Esthesio neuroblastoma arises from - | [
"Olfactory N",
"Maxillary N",
"Ophthalmic N",
"Nasociliary N"
] | A | Esthesioneuroblastoma or olfactory neuroblastoma are uncommon highly malignant tumors, arising from the neuroendocrine cells in the olfactory mucosa. Ref : Osborn Neuroradiology 1/e p493 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acute physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scoring system is used as a scoring system to | [
"To predict postoperative cardiac risk",
"To predict postoperative pulmonary complications",
"To evaluate prognosis in the critical care settings",
"To evaluate prognosis after acute myocardial infarction"
] | C | Currently, the most commonly utilized scoring systems are the APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) system and the SAPS (simplified acute physiology score) system. These systems were designed to predict outcomes in critical illness and use common variables that include age; vital signs; assessments of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Wobble hypothesis-regarding the variation true is | [
"3 - end of anticodon",
"5 - end of anticodon",
"m-RNA",
"t-RNA"
] | B | Degeneracy can be explained by wobble hypothesis i.e. base pairing of 3rd nucleotide of a codon (3’ end) with 1st nucleotide of anticodan at 5’ end doesnot strictly follow watson-crick base pairing rule. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Examples of metaplasia are the following except? | [
"Breast enlargement at pubey",
"Barrets esophagus",
"Myositis Ossificans",
"Respiratory tract in chronic smokers"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Breast enlargement at pubey | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pyruvate can be converted directly into all the following except | [
"Phosphoenol pyruvate",
"Alanine",
"Acetyl CoA",
"Lactate"
] | A | Phosphoenolpyruvate
While phosphoenol pyruvate can be directly converted to pyruvate (Glycolysis).
Pyruvate cannot be directly converted to phosphoenolpyruvate (Gluconeogenesis).
Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate is an irreversible step in glycolysis, and is one of the barriers, in simple reversal of glyc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anticholinesterases are ineffective against | [
"Belladonna poisoning",
"Carbamate poisoning",
"Postoperative ileus",
"Cobra bite"
] | B | Refer katzung 11/e p 106,107 Anticholinergic drugs block the action of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. This inhibits nerve impulses responsible for involuntary muscle movements and various bodily functions. These drugs can treat a variety of conditions, from overactive bladder to chronic obstructive pulmonary ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following nerves are involved in the process of erection of penis, EXCEPT: | [
"Pudendal nerve",
"Sacral plexus",
"Hypogastric plexus",
"Nervi erigentes (S2,3,4)"
] | C | Erection is parasympathetic and emission and ejaculation are parasympathetic. The erectile response is mediated by a combination of central (psychogenic) innervation and peripheral (reflexogenic) innervation. Sensory nerves that originate from receptors in the penile skin and glans converge to form the dorsal nerve of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Death of a patient due to an unintentional act by doctor, staff or hospital is : | [
"Therapeutic misadventure",
"Vicarious liability",
"Therapeutic privilege",
"Diminished liability"
] | A | A i.e. Theraputic misadventure | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are components of black gun powder except: | [
"Charcoal",
"Lead peroxide",
"Potassium nitrate",
"Sulphur"
] | B | Ans: b (Lead peroxide) Ref: Reddy, 27th ed,p. 187Components of black gun powder - Potassium nitrite 75%Sulphur 10%Charcoal 15%Smokeless gun powderNitrocelluloseNitroglycerineNitroguanidineSemismokeless powder80% Black gun powder + 20% smokeless powder- Lead peroxide is present in printing mixture. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statement regarding the blood supply of different pas esophagus is NOT TRUE? | [
"Inferior thyroid aery supplies the cervical pa",
"Bronchial aeries and descending thoracic aoa supplies the thoracic pa",
"Right gastric aery and right inferior phrenic aery supplies the abdominal pa",
"None of the above"
] | C | Abdominal pa of esophagus is supplied by the left gastric aery and left inferior phrenic aeryInferior thyroid aery supplies the cervical pa Bronchial aeries and descending thoracic aoa supplies the thoracic pa Venous drainage of the esophagus:The cervical pa drains into the inferior thyroid veins.The thoracic pa drains... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common congenital anomaly of larynx is | [
"Laryngeal web",
"Laryngomalacia",
"Laryngeal stenosis",
"Vocal cord Palsy"
] | B | Laryngomalacia (congenital laryngeal stridor): It is the most common congenital abnormality of the larynx. It is characterized by laryngeal excessive flaccidity of supraglottic region which is sucked in during inspiration producing stridor and sometimes cyanosis. Stridor is increased on crying but subsides on placing t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the best view for visualizing minimal pneumoperitonium:- September 2005 | [
"X-ray abdomen-erect view",
"X-ray abdomen-supine view",
"Left lateral decubitus with horizontal beam",
"Left lateral view with veical beam"
] | C | Ans. C: Left lateral decubitus with horizontal beam | train | med_mcqa | null |
Eyelid drooping in/are seen in: | [
"Damage to edinger-westphal nucleus",
"Damage to motor pa of facial nerve",
"Damage to sympathetic nerve supply",
"Damage to lacrimal nerve"
] | C | Ans. Damage to sympathetic nerve supply | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sho acting mydriatics are : | [
"Atropine",
"Hematropine",
"Tropicamide",
"All"
] | C | C i.e. Tropicamide - Sho acting mydriatics are tropicamide (with cycloplegia) and phenylepherine (without cycloplegia)Q. - Atropine is most potent and has longest duration of action, retaining its activity for 7 days. Atropine 1% eye ointment is used for refraction & fundus examination in children, especially those les... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drug is least associated with extra-pyramidal side effects? | [
"Chlorpromazine",
"Fluphenazine",
"Carbamazepine",
"Haloperidol"
] | C | Carbamazapine acts on Sodium channel whereas extra pyramidalsymptoms are due to dopamine receptors. Antipsychotic drugs can result in extra-pyramidalsymptoms Typical antipsychotics act by blocking D2 receptors. This leads to two main adverse effects: Hyperprolactinemia Extrapyramidal symptoms Examples of typical antips... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In indentation tonometry: | [
"Plunger indents a hard eye more than a soft eye",
"Lower scale readings are obtained in high intraocular pressure",
"Low scleral rigidity gives high reading of intraocular pressure",
"All of the above"
] | B | Ans. Lower scale readings are obtained in high intraocular pressure | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ductus arteriosus is maintained open due to - | [
"Decreased oxygen to fetal heart",
"Prostaglandins",
"ATP",
"Lack of respiratory effort"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Prostaglandins Prostaglandins and ductus arteriosuso The E series of prostaglandins are responsible for maintaining the patency of the DA (by dilation of vascular smooth muscle) throughout the fetal period.o Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), produced by both the placenta and the DA itself, is the most potent o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the outcome when optimum orthodontic force is equal to capillary pressure? | [
"No significant movement",
"Undermining resorption",
"Directly acts on osteoblasts to cause movement",
"Directly acts on osteoclasts to cause movement"
] | D | The optimum force levels for orthodontic tooth movement should be just high enough to stimulate cellular activity without completely occluding blood vessels in the PDL.
Both the amount of force delivered to a tooth and the area of the PDL over which that force is distributed are important in determining the biologic ef... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are anthropozoonosis except | [
"Rabies",
"Plaque",
"Anthrax",
"Schistosomiasis"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Schistosomiasis Zoonoses Zoonoses are diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between veebrate animal and man. The zoonoses may be classified according to the direction of transmission of disease : ? l. Anthropozoonoses Infection is transmitted to man from lower veebrate animals. Examp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ALL L3 morphology is a malignancy arising from which cell lineage? | [
"Mature B xell",
"Precursor Bcell",
"Immature T cell",
"Mixed B cell and T cell"
] | A | Acute lymphoblastic leukemias of the L3 subtype are tumors of Mature B cell ( ref Robbins 7th /677,9th/590) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acrosome reaction occurs in - | [
"Testis",
"Cervix",
"Uterus",
"Fallopian Tube"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fallopian Tube o Acrosome reaction and fertilizatium occur in ampulla of fallopian tube. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 25 years old female develops serous otitis media of left ear with cough, occasional hemoptysis, hematuria and epistaxis for one & half months. Her hemoglobin is 7 gm, BP- 170/100, proteinuria +++, RA -ve and ANCA -ve. The likely cause is - | [
"Wegener's granulomatosis",
"Rheumatoid arthritis",
"Rapidly proliferative glomerulonephritis",
"Good pasteur's syndrome"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
IgA-nephropathy is seen in: | [
"Membranous glomerulonephritis",
"Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis",
"Focal glomerulonephritis",
"Cresentic glomerulonephritis"
] | B | Answer is B (Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis): | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following regarding thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is false? | [
"Renal failure",
"Schistocytes in peripheral smear",
"High ADAMTS13 activity",
"Transient neurological deficits"
] | C | Features of TTP: fever, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, transient neurologic deficits, and renal failure. microangiopathic hemolytic anemia produces fragmented red cells/schistocytes which can be seen in peripheral blood smear. ADAMTS13 deficiency is present which may be inherited or acquired (beca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pressure diuresis lowers arterial pressure because it: | [
"Lowers renal release of renin",
"Lowers systemic vascular resistance",
"Lowers blood volume",
"Causes renal vasodilation"
] | C | Ans. C. Lowers blood volumePressure diuresis lowers arterial pressure by lowering blood volume and, thereby, lowering cardiac output. All of the other choices do lower arterial pressure, but are not caused by pressure diuresis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common lesion to simulate a cementoblastoma is | [
"Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia",
"Periapical sclerosing osteitis",
"Dense bone island,",
"Hypercementosis"
] | A | The most common lesion to simulate a cementoblastoma is a solitary lesion of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. The differential interpretation may be difficult in some cases, and the presence or absence of symptoms or observation of the lesion over a period of time may be required. Generally, the radiolucent band a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False regarding filariasis is - | [
"Morbidity increase with age in endemic areas",
"Humoral immunity plays dominant role",
"Usually unilateral",
"Man is the only host for filariasis"
] | B | Definitive host - man Mosquito- intermediate host No animal reservoir host is known Lymph provides nutrition to adult worms (refer pgno: 166 baveja 3 rd edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tribadism is: AP 06 | [
"Man having anal sex with man",
"Woman having sex with woman",
"Man having anal sex with women",
"Women having sex with animal"
] | B | Ans. Woman having sex with woman | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are indicators of endoscopy in a patient with GERD symptoms , EXCEPT: | [
"Anemia",
"Weight loss",
"Epigastric burning pain",
"Choking episodes"
] | C | Indications for endoscopy in patients with GERD GERD symptoms that are persistent or progressive despite appropriate medical therapy Dysphagia or odynophagia Involuntary weight loss >5% Evidence of GI bleeding or anemia Finding of a mass, stricture, or ulcer on imaging studies Evaluation of patients with suspected extr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best treatment for gas gangrene | [
"Surgical debridement",
"Debridement with tetanus toxin",
"Debridement with iv penicillin",
"Debridement with polyvalent antitoxin"
] | C | "High-dose penicillin G and clindamycin, along with third-generation cephalosporins, should be given intravenously until the patient's toxicity abates. The mainstay of management is early surgical excision of the necrotic tissue " Bailey and love 26th edition Pg 430 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which amongthe following is seen in antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome | [
"Beta 2 microglobulin antibody",
"Anti nuclear antibody",
"Anti centom ere antibody",
"Anti glycoproteins antibody"
] | D | Ref Robbins,8/e p215; Harrison 17/e p2073; 9/e p219 Antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome is characterised by antibiodies against phospholipid beta-2 glycoproteins 1complex. For full details study SLE | train | med_mcqa | null |
Korsakoff's psychosis is seen in -a) CRFb) Alcohol withdrawalc) Marasmusd) Cirrhosis | [
"a",
"ac",
"ad",
"b"
] | B | Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is due to deficiency of thiamine which can be precipitated by chronic alcoholism (most common), malnutrition (marasmus) due to prolonged starvation, hyperemesis gravidarum, HIV - AIDS, bariatric surgery, hemodialysis for CRF, prolonged intravenous hyperalimentation, and malignancies ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amongst the following fats and oils, highest proportion of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is found in - | [
"Safflower oil",
"Coconut oil",
"Groundnut oil",
"Butter"
] | A | Essential fatty acids:
Those that cannot be synthesised by humans.They can be derived from food only.
The most important essential fatty acid is linoleic acid, which serves as the basis for production of other essential fatty acids( linolenic and arachidonic acid) .
Not all PUFA are essential fatty acids.
Linoleic acid... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A mesial/distal projection of cone adjustment during working length radiograph is indicated for which tooth? | [
"Maxillary anterior teeth",
"Maxillary molars with a mesiolingual canal",
"Mandibular incisors",
"None of the above"
] | B | When two superimposed canals are present (for example buccal and palatal canals of maxillary premolar, mesial canals of mandibular molar) one should take following steps:
Take two individual radiographs with instrument placed in each canal.
Take radiograph at different angulations, usually 20° to 40° at horizontal ang... | train | med_mcqa | null |
40 year old male with left side weakness and eye down and out. Where is the lesion.? | [
"Left medial pons syndrome",
"Left medial mid brain syndrome",
"Right medial midbrain",
"Right medial pons"
] | C | Eye down and out - III nerve lesion - III nerve located in mid brain Left pyramid weakness - so lesion in contralateral side (right) -Medial lesion | train | med_mcqa | null |
The first line of treatment of open angle glaucoma is – | [
"Timolol",
"Pilocarpine",
"Epinephrine",
"Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following type of renal stones are seen in females, EXCEPT: | [
"Stones associated with Idiopathic hypercalciuria",
"Renal stones in Distal renal tubular acidosis",
"Renal stones in Primary hyperoxaluria",
"Renal stones in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome"
] | D | The HP gene is located on the X chromosome. Affected males are hemizygous for the mutant gene; carrier females are asymptomatic. A complete deficiency of HP, the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, is characterized by hyperuricemia, self-mutilative behavior, choreoathetosis, spasticity, and mental retardation. A paial deficiency of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
After an Extra capsular cataract extraction, spectacles can be prescribed at | [
"3 weeks",
"6 weeks",
"10 weeks",
"14 weeks"
] | B | After an ECCE, the spectacle correction can be done at 6 weeks which is how long it takes for the corneo-scleral wound to heal and for refraction to be stable. If the post operative course is normal sutures to be removed at 3-4 weeks. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is used to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV? | [
"Lamivudine",
"Nevirapine",
"Stavudine",
"Abacavir"
] | B | Ans. b. Nevirapine (Ref: Goodman and Gilman 12/e p1643; COGDT 10/p e692-693; Dutta 7/e p301-302; Williams 23/e p1248; Park 21/e p321; Nelson 18/e p1430-1431)Nevirapine is used to prevent the mother-to-chiid transmission of HIV."Single-dose nevirapine has been commonly used in pregnant, HIV-infected women to prevent mot... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A infant woke up in the night, crying with abdominal pain, which got relieved on passing red stools. What is the probable diagnosis? | [
"Intestinal obstruction",
"Malrotation",
"Meckel's diverticulum",
"Intussusception"
] | D | Passage of red current jelly stools is characteristic of Intussusception. | train | med_mcqa | null |
After an operation on femur bone, chest X-ray shows widespread mottling throughout the lung field like a snowstorm. It is diagnostic of | [
"Fat embolism",
"Shock lung",
"Bronchopneumonia",
"Atelectasis"
] | A | A i.e. Fat embolsm | train | med_mcqa | null |
Deficiency of the abdominal muscle is associated with | [
"Eagle-Barrette syndrome",
"Christopher syndrome",
"Megacystitis",
"Megaureter"
] | A | Answer is 'a' i.e. Eagle Barrete syndrome Eagle Barrett or Prune-Belly syndrome Consists of a triad of abnormalites i.e. 1) deficient abdominal wall musculature 2) bilateral cryptorchidism 3) dilatation of urogenital tract Deficient abdominal wall musculature leads to extremely lax lower abdominal wall. The term Prune ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are associated with pituitary apoplexy except: | [
"Hyperthyroidism",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Sickle cell anemia",
"Hypertension"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Hyperthyroidism Pituitary apoplexy * Acute intrapituitary hemorrhagic vascular event causing substantial damage to pituitary.Symptoms of pituitary apoplexy * Endocrinal emergencySevere hypoglycemiaHypotensionCentral nervous system hemorrhage and death.Acute symptomsSevere headache with signs of meninge... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ophthalmia neonatorum is caused by all except: | [
"Chlamydia trachomatis",
"N. gonorrhoea",
"Staph, aureus",
"Proteus"
] | D | Ans: d (Proteus) Ref: Khurana, 4th ed, p. 71Ophthalmia neonatorum is bilateral inflammation of conjunctiva occurring in an infant less than 30 days. Proteus is not mentioned as a causative agent of ophthalmia neonatorum.Causative agents:a. Chemical conjunctivitisb. Gonococcal infectionc. Other bacteria - staphylococcus... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The mechanoreceptors in joints and ligaments are: | [
"Fast adapting",
"Slow adapting",
"Non adapting",
"Adapt differentially for different stresses"
] | B | Ans. b. Slow adaptingRapidly adapting (phasic) receptors: Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles.Slowly adapting (tonic) receptors: Merkel cells and Ruffini endings, muscle spindle and nociceptors. Light touch would be distracting if it were persistent; and, conversely, slow adaptation of spindle input is needed to maintai... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person is being treated for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1. He developed hyperiglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Most likely drug implicated for these adverse effects is | [
"Ritonavir",
"Raltegravir",
"Tenofovir",
"Eirenz"
] | A | Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor and can cause hyperiglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. All protease inhibitors are metabolized by liver and all can cause metabolic abnormalities including hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and altered fat istribution (lipodystrophy). Ataza... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amino acid with dissociation constant closest to physiological pH is - | [
"Serine",
"Proline",
"Histidine",
"Threonine"
] | C | Each amino acid have two ionizable group: (r) c-carboxyl group (-COOH), and (ii) c-amino group (-NHr). Beside these two groups, some amino acids have special ionizable groups. e.g. -SH of cysteine, imidazole of histidine. Dissociation constant (pka) is the value of pH at which any ionizable group of amino acid is in 50... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The antibiotic tetracycline: | [
"Is bactericidal drug.",
"Is a safe drug for administration irrespective of age and sex of the patients.",
"Is also administered along with penicillin.",
"Is a broad-spectrum antibiotic."
] | D | Tetracycline is bacteriostatic and has a broad spectrum of action. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Type I Respiratory failure is seen in | [
"Anaemia",
"Emphysema",
"Pulmonary oedema",
"Adult respiratory distress syndrome"
] | B | (B) Emphysema # RESPIRATORY FAILURE may be classified as hypoxic or hypercapnic and may be either acute or chronic.# Hypoxemic respiratory failure (Type I) is characterized by a Pa02of less than 60 mmHg with a normal or low PaCO2.> Most common form of respiratory failure, and it can be associated with virtually all acu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acoustic schwannoma- most common site is: | [
"CP angle",
"Fossa of Rosenmuller",
"Retropharyngeal space",
"None"
] | A | Acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannomas) are benign Schwann cell tumors that typically arise from the vestibular poion of the eighth cranial nerve. The acoustic neuroma is the most common tumor of the cerebellopontine angle. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presents with Ahritis, hyperpigmentation of skin and hypogonadism, likely diagnosis is? | [
"Hemochromatosis",
"Ectopic ACTH secreting tumour of the lung",
"Wilson's disease",
"Rheumatoid ahritis"
] | A | Answer is A (Hemochromatosis): The association of Ahritis, hyperpigmentation of skin and hypogonadism suggests the diagnosis of hematochromatosis. Hematochromatosis (Disorder of iron storage) Inappropriate increase in intestinal absorption results in deposition of excessive amounts of iron in parenchymal cells with eve... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Staphylococcus differs from streptococcus by | [
"Coagulase test",
"Catalase test",
"Phosphatase",
"Gram negative"
] | B | Staphylococcus is catalase positive, unlike streptococci which are catalase negative. Catalase test: positive test indicates production of catalase. Place a loopful of hydrogen peroxide on colonies on the nutrient agar. Prompt effervescence indicates catalase production. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology; Ananthanarayanan ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Percentage of inorganic component in cementum is: | [
"30%",
"40-50%",
"50-55%",
"20-30%"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dopamine is synthesized from: | [
"Tryptophan",
"Threonine",
"Tyrosine",
"Lysine"
] | C | Ans. C. TyrosineMetabolic products formed from Tyrosine are:MelaninThyroxineCatecholamines (Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine)Albinism is due to Defect in Tyrosinase | train | med_mcqa | null |
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