question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Fetal tachycardia is defined as heart rate more than___ | [
"140",
"160",
"180",
"200"
] | B | Ans. B. 160. (Ref Williams obstetrics 20th/pg. 1428; Danforth9s obstetrics and gynecology - pg.157)Fetal bradycardia is defined as fetal heart rate <110 bpm; fetal tachycardia is defined as fetal heart rate >160 bpmThe normal FHR baseline ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute.Foetal tachycardia is defined as a baseli... | train | med_mcqa | null |
HOME was introduced by: | [
"Bandura.",
"Addleston.",
"Jordan.",
"None."
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person has restricted eye movements in all directions, ptosis but no squint or diplopia. What is diagnosis: | [
"CPEO",
"Multiple cranial nerve palsy",
"Myasthenia gravis",
"Orbital apex syndrome"
] | A | A i.e. CPEO | train | med_mcqa | null |
Grossly disorganised, severe personality deterioration and worst prognosis is seen is : | [
"Hebephrenic",
"Catatonic",
"Simple",
"Paranoid"
] | A | A. i.e. Hebephrenic | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which vitamin is supplied from only animal source: | [
"Vitamin C",
"Vitamin B7",
"Vitamin B12",
"Vitamin D"
] | C | Ans. (c) Vitamin B12 Ref: Harrison's 19th ed. P 640* Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is synthesized solely by microorganisms.* In humans, the only source for humans is food of animal origin, e.g., meat, fish, and dairy products.* Vegetables, fruits, and other foods of nonanimal origin doesn't contain Vitamin B12 .* Daily requi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 30 year old male was given blood transfusion in the O.T. following which he develops tachycardia, hypotension BP-70/40 mm of Hg and hematuria within 10 minutes of staing the transfusion. The most probable cause is? | [
"Anesthetic drug hypersensitivity",
"D.I.C",
"G.V.H.D",
"ABO incompatibility"
] | D | This is likely a case of ABO incompatibility. It presents with hypotension and tachycardia The patient develops intravascular hemolysis leading to hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria and resultant acute renal failure. Anaesthetic drug hypersensitivity In anesthetized patients tachycardia,hypotension- usual presentation a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient comes in eye OPD presents with diplopia,headache and blurring of vision. On examination while attempting right gaze, right eye abducts but left eye fails to adduct. Patient's right gaze is normal,convergence is also normal. The lesion is most probably in the following:- | [
"Left MLF",
"Left PPRF",
"Right MLF",
"Right PPRF"
] | A | Right cerebral coex is the command centre for right gaze origination. These signals runs through right paramedian reticular formation (PPRF) From PPRF signals reach VI cranial nerve nucleus of same side (Right here) which in turn supplies the lateral rectus causing abduction. Signals from Right PPRF also goes to III cr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of stridor in infant and young children - | [
"Abductor palsy",
"Croup",
"Laryngomalacia",
"Epiglottitis"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Laryngomalacia Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital laryngeal anomaly. o It is the most common cause of stridor in infants and children. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are associated with better prognosis in schizophrenia except - | [
"Late onset",
"Married",
"Negative symptoms",
"Acute onset"
] | C | Good prognostic factors:
Acute onset; late onset (onset after 35 years of age); Presence of precipitating stressor; Good premorbid adjustment; catatonic (best prognosis) & Paranoid (2nd best); short duration (< 6 months); Married; Positive symptoms; Presence of depression; family history of mood disorder; first episode... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following are the benzodiazepines of choice in elderly and those with liver disease, EXCEPT: | [
"Lorazepam",
"Orazepam",
"Temazepam",
"Diazepam"
] | D | Diazepam generates active metabolites, has slow elimination and tends to accumulate with regular use. Lorazepam, Oxazepam and Temazepam do not produce active metabolites and are relatively safer in elderly patients and in those with liver disease. These agents should be used in preference to diazepam. Ref: Essentials o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which organism can be isolated from stool & sputum- | [
"Paragonimus",
"Fasciola",
"Clonorchis",
"P carini"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Paragonimus o Two organisms can be isolated from both sputum and stool i) Trophozoite of E. histolytica ii) Eggs of Paragonimus Showing various forms of parasites seen different specimen From Parasite CSF Faeces T rophozoite Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba sp Trophozoite E. histolytica, G Labia, T. Tt... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about halothane: | [
"Causes bronchodilation",
"Anti-arrhthmic",
"Can be used in hepatitis",
"Uterine contraction occurs"
] | A | A i.e. Causes bronchodialation | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a personality trait? | [
"Sensation seeking",
"Neuroticism",
"Openness to experience",
"Problem solving"
] | D | There are 5 Personality traits(parameters)-Mnemonics- OCEAN Openness to experience(novelty seeking, sensation seeking) Conscientiousness(disciplined ,dutiful and organized) Extraversion(outspoken) Agreeableness(cooperative to others) Neuroticism(Tendency to experience negative emotions,emotional instability) Sensation ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
which of th efollowing is not a component of NAXOS syndrome ? | [
"wooly hair",
"lipomatous skin",
"hyperkeratosis of palms",
"arrythmogenic right ventricular hyperophy"
] | B | NAXOS SYNDROME: PLAKOGLOBIN GENE MUTATION desmosome protien defect fibrofatty tissue replaces myocardium which is stained by mason trichrome stain . REF : ROBBINS 10TH ED | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following diseases shows bimodality? | [
"Leiomyoma",
"Measles",
"Hodgkin's lymphoma",
"All the above"
] | D | Age is strongly related to disease, but some disease may have 2 separate peaks in the age incidence curve. This is called bimodality. Diseases with bimodality: Coeliac disease Female Ca breast Osteosarcoma Leukemia Hodgkins lymphoma Ref: Park, 21st Edition, Page 59 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the shortest acting mydriatic? | [
"Atropine",
"Tropicamide",
"Cyclopentolate",
"Homatropine"
] | B | Ans. (B) Tropicamide(Ref: Katzung 11/e p124)Atropine is longest acting (5-6 days) whereas tropicamide is the shortest acting (15-60 min) mydriatic. | train | med_mcqa | null |
deja vu means | [
"Illusion that what one is hearing, one has heard previously",
"A unfamiliar thought regarded as repetition of a previous thought",
"Unfamiliar situations or events feel strangely familiar",
"Feeling of strangeness to familiar situation"
] | C | deja vu=== feeling of familiarity to a novel stimulus jamais vu==feeling of unfamiliarity to a familiar stimulus ref. Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11th edition, pg no.194 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 73-year-old-woman presents to the clinic complaining of fatigue and feeling unwell. She notes the symptoms are worse on exertion, but denies any chest pain or shortness of breath. Her past medical history is significant for hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Both conditions are well controlled on her current medicatio... | [
"vegan diet",
"iron deficiency",
"thalassemia",
"chronic inflammation"
] | A | A vegan diet (no meat, eggs, fish, cheese, and other animal products) can result in B12 deficiency. Iron deficiency, thalassemia, chronic inflammation, or sideroblastic anemia do not cause macrocytosis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are derivatives of ectoderm except- | [
"epidermis",
"parotid gland",
"neuro hypophysis",
"arrector pilorum"
] | D | Surface ectoderm derivatives:- Epithelium and glands skin epithelium sweat glands, sebaceous glands Myoepitheliocytes of skin glands Any external opening oral opening Rathke's pouch (Most of the Pituitary gland) salivary glands parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands Neural plate ectoderm derivatives Iris muscles- sp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following factors influence hemoglobin dissociation curve, except: | [
"Chloride ion concentration",
"CO2 tension",
"Temperature",
"2-3 DPG levels"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Chloride ion concentration Three conditions affect the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, the pH, the temperature, and the concentration of 2, 3-biophosphoglycerate.CO2 tension (PCO2) affects the pH of blood and hence the 02-Hb dissociation curve.Shift of Q2-Hb dissociation curveFactorsShift to Righ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Raw material used in nylon suture is:- | [
"Polyethylene terephthalate",
"Polyamide polymer",
"Polybutylene terephthalate",
"Polyester polymer"
] | B | Raw material used in nylon suture is Polyamide polymer. Suture Types Raw material Tensile strength Absorption rate Silk Braided or twisted multifilament; Coated (with wax or silicone) or uncoated Natural proteinRaw silk from silkworm Loses 20% when wet; 80-100% lostby 6 months Fibrous encapsulation in body at 2-3 weeks... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which polyp has maximum malignant potential - | [
"Sessile",
"Pedunculated",
"Superficial spreading",
"Any of the above"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best method for estimation of hemoglobin concentration in blood is | [
"Acid hematin method",
"Alikali hemantin method",
"Cyanmethemoglobine method",
"Non of the above"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All cause malabsorption except aEUR' | [
"Giardiasis",
"Ascaris lumbricoides",
"Strongyloides",
"Capillaria phillipinesis"
] | B | Ascaris lumbricoides Repeat from May 10 Q no.81 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ectopic pregnancy differs from threatened aboion by : | [
"Minimal vaginal bleeding",
"Pain follows bleeding",
"Uterine size corresponds to gestational age",
"Manifests at an early age"
] | D | Ans. is d i.e. Manifests at an early age This is a tough one : as it is quite difficult to differentiate between Ectopic pregnancy and threatened aboion on the clinical grounds. Ectopic pregnancy Vs Manifests at an early age Symptom-chronology : Abdominal pain is followed by bleeding. Pain is the main symptom. Fainting... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best drug therapy for paranoid schizophrenia in a thin built 21 - years old young male would be | [
"Chlorpromazine",
"Risperidone",
"Olanzapine",
"Quetiapine"
] | C | The clue in this question is antipsychotic that can be used in lean patients, antipsychotic olanzapine is a well researched drug that has lesser discontinuation * Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 1053 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of dry cough and low-grade fever. Four months ago, she was diagnosed with major depressive disorder and staed treatment with fluoxetine. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. A diagnosis of upper respiratory infection is made and medication is... | [
"Inhibition of NMDA glutamate receptors",
"Inhibition of H1 receptors",
"Disruption of mucoid disulfide bonds",
"Stimulation of a-adrenergic receptors"
] | A | Dextromethorphan, an antitussive with serotonergic effects, increases the risk of life-threatening serotonin syndrome in patients taking fluoxetine.Dextromethorphan is an NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist that desensitizes the medullary cough center to signaling from cough receptors in the respiratory tract. It is als... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a pregnant female which drug is strictly contraindicated? | [
"Streptomycin",
"Isoniazid",
"Cephalosporins",
"Penicillin"
] | A | Ref: Goodman & Gillman 13th ed. P 1045; Harrison 20th edition, Page 1112* Streptomycin is highly ototoxic (vestibulotoxic >> Cochleotoxic) and nephrotoxic drug.* It is strictly contraindicated throughout the pregnancy.Drugs during pregnancy Drugs safe in pregnancyDrugs contraindicated in pregnancy (Safety uncertain)* A... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A female treatment for depression took a massive dose of amitriptyline for suicide. Which of the following is wrong regarding management for her? | [
"Gastric lavage was done",
"Sedium bicarbonate was administered to treat acidosis",
"Atropine sulphate was administered as an antidote",
"Diazepam was injected to control seizures."
] | C | Ans. c. Atropine sulphate was administered as an antidote (Ref: Reddy 28/e p524: Goodman Gilman 11/448)Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline) cause anticholinergic effects such as dry skin, ileus, urinary retention etc., administration of atropine would further worsen these symptoms. Atropine is better avoided in po... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hidradenitis suppurativa is found to occur in ? | [
"Axilla",
"Circumanal",
"Scalp",
"All"
] | D | Ans. All It is a chronic inflammatory disease culminating in suppurative skin abscesses, sinus tracts and scarring. It most commonly occurs in the skin of the axillae and groins, which contain aperine glands. Less common sites include the scalp, breast, chest and perineum. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Out of the following the true statement regarding sterilization is - | [
"Dry heat is the best method of sterilization of liquid paraffin",
"All glass wares are best sterilized by boiling at 100o C",
"Bacterial vaccines are best sterilized by ethylene oxide",
"Pasteurization of milk by flash method is done by heating at 63degree C for 30 minutes."
] | A | Option 1 Liquid paraffin is sterilized by Hot air oven (dry heat). Option 2 Glass ware like test tube, pipette, flask and glass syringes. Fixed oil glycerin, liquid paraffin, propylene glycol and zinc oxide etc. sterilized by Hot air oven (dry heat). Option 3 Filtration (Membrane filters) is an excellent way to remove ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mrs. Neena noted an abdominal mass in It side of her 6 mth. old child. Which showed calcification near the left kidney. what will be the cause - | [
"Leukemia",
"Neuroblastoma",
"Renal cell carcinoma",
"Lymphoma"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' ie. Neuroblastoma Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor of infancy and childhood* and 3/4 of pt present with an abdominal mass. Plain x-ray shows fine, stippled calicification in 50 percent of the cases. More about Neuroblastoma Neuroblastoma is malignant tumor of neural crest origin*, arising from t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
BCYE. medium is used to culture: | [
"Mycoplasma",
"T pallidum",
"H. pylori",
"Legionella"
] | D | Ans. (d) Legionella | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sudomotor neuropathy in poisoning:- | [
"Arsenic",
"Mercury",
"Lead",
"copper"
] | A | Mnemonic Arsenic poisoning A - Anemia / Aldrich Mee's line / Arsenophagist (Tolerate upto 300mg ) R - Rain drop pigmentation / Reinsch test / Red velvety mucosa S - Sub endocardial hemorrhages / Sensory neuropathy E - Eruptions N - NAA I - Imbibition of arsenic ( Arsenic imbibed from surrounding soils after death ) / b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about Bloom syndrome except | [
"Decreased levels of Igg",
"(downward arrow) IgM",
"Ig A absent",
"Raised IgE leveis"
] | A | Bloom's syndrome malignancies-Leukaemia, tongue, oesophageal, colonic, Wilms'tumourAR BLM gene Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 587 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thyroid carcinoma with pulsating vascular skeletal metastasis is | [
"Follicular",
"Anaplastic",
"Medullary",
"Papillary"
] | A | In Follicular carcinoma the Blood-borne metastases are more common and the eventual moality rate is twice that of pappillary cancer. bone secondaries are typically vascular ,warm pulsatile, localised,commonly in skull,longbones, ribst. ref ;(page no;794)25th edition of Bailey and love&;s sho practice of surgery | train | med_mcqa | null |
Radical neck dissection involves all except | [
"Sternocleidomastoid muscle",
"Internal jugular vein",
"Vagus nerve",
"Spinal accessory nerve"
] | C | Vagus nerve is not removed in Radical Neck Dissection. Structures removed in Radical Neck Dissection: Level I-V Lymph nodes, Sternocleidomastoid, Internal Jugular Vein, Spinal Accessory Nerve, Submandibular salivary gland, Tail of parotid and Omohyoid muscle. Ref: Textbook of ENT, Dhingra; 6th edition; Pg no: 388 ref i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Elastic cailage is found in : | [
"Auditory tube",
"Nasal septum",
"Aicular cailage",
"Costal cailage"
] | A | A i.e. Auditory tube | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mania is a - | [
"Mood disorder",
"Psychological disorders",
"Obsessive disorder",
"Neurotic disorder"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere is supplied mainly by: | [
"Anterior cerebral aery",
"Middle cerebral aery",
"Posterior cerebral aery",
"None of the above"
] | B | The lateral surface of the hemisphere is mainly supplied by the middle cerebral aery. This includes the territories of the motor and somatosensory coices which represent the whole of the body, apa from the lower limb, and also the auditory coex and language areas.Ref: Gray's anatomy 40th edition, Chapter 17. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 7 year old male had non blanching rashes over the shin and swelling of knee joint with haematuria +++ and protein +. Microscopic analysis of his renal biopsy specimen is MOST likely to show which of the following? | [
"Tubular necrosis",
"Visceral podocyte fusion",
"Mesangial deposits of IgA",
"Basement membrane thickening"
] | C | Presence of non blanching rash with knee joint swelling, hematuria and proteinuria most probably indicates a diagnosis of Henoch Schonlein purpura. Renal involvement is the most potentially debilitating complication of HSP. The most common renal lesion is a focal, proliferative endocapillary glomerulonephritis. Direct ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) is achieved through creation of | [
"Community health worker",
"Village health guide",
"Accredited social health activist",
"Community health assistants"
] | C | C. i.e. (Accredited social health activist) (364- 365 - Park 19th)* NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION (NRHM) - launched on 5th april 2005for a period of 7 years (2005-2012) The mission seeks to improve rural health care delivery system.Plan of action to strengthen infrastructure1. Creation of a cadre of Accredited social h... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Slow IPSP in autonomic ganglia is generated bya) Nicotinic cholinergicb) Muscarinic cholinergicc) Dopamined) GnRHe) Adrenaline | [
"a",
"c",
"ac",
"bc"
] | D | Fast EPSP in autonomic ganglia are generated by Acetylcholine on nicotinic cholinergic receptors.
Slow EPSP in autonomic ganglia are generated by Acetylcholine on M1 muscarinic receptors.
Slow IPSP in autonomic ganglia are generated by Catecholamines (Dopamine, noradrenaline) on dopaminergic, α- adrenergic and M2 musca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient of A presented with bleeding from thigh and broken 5th rib on right side. What should be done first: March 2013 | [
"Control bleeding",
"Strapping of chest",
"Internal fixation of rib",
"Wait & watch"
] | A | Ans. A i.e. Control bleeding | train | med_mcqa | null |
Objective symptoms are determined by: | [
"Visual and tactile inspection.",
"Percussion.",
"Palpation.",
"All of the above."
] | D | Objective symptoms are determined by tests and observations performed by the clinician. These tests are as follows:
Visual and tactile inspection
Percussion
Palpation
Mobility and depressibility
Bite test
Radiograph
Electric pulp test
Thermal tests (hot and cold)
Anesthetic test
Test cavity | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following HLA types is associated with IDDM? | [
"HLA DR3, DR4",
"HLA B27",
"HLA B47",
"HLA DR2"
] | A | Major susceptibility gene for Type 1 DM is located in the HLA region on chromosome 6. 95% of patients with IDDM express HLA DR3 or DR4. Concordance rate of Type 1 DM in identical twins ranges between 40- 60%. Type 2 DM has a strong genetic component. The concordance of type 2 DM in identical twins is between 70 and 90%... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ebstein Barr virus causes all except:(1997) | [
"Burkitt's lymphoma",
"Infectious mononucleosis",
"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma",
"Carcinoma cervix"
] | D | Ans: d (Carcinoma cervix)Ref: Ananthanarayan Micro, 7thed, p. 483 & 6th ed, p. 446 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statement on lymphoma is not true? | [
"A single classification system of Hodgkin's disease is almost universally accepted",
"Hodgkin's lymphoma tends to remain localized to a single group of lymph nodes and spreads by contiguity",
"Several types of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may have aleukemic phase",
"In general follicular NHL has worse prognosis co... | D | Classification system of Hodgkin's disease is ANN ARBOR staging system The prognosis of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma varies markedly with various histological types of Non Hodgkin's lymphoma. In general lymphomas with a follicular histological pattern are of lower grade (longer survival than those of diffuse pattern). Clinic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aeroplane splint is used in - | [
"Radial nerve injury",
"Ulnar nerve injury",
"Brachial plexus injury",
"Scoliosis"
] | C | Aeroplane splint is used for brachial plexus injury. Cock - up splint for Radial nerve palsy. Knuckle - bender splint for ulnar nerve palsy. Milwaukee or Boston brace for scoliosis. REF:Essential ohopaedics- 5th edn- pg no 25. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40-year-old woman presents with an 8-month history of severe headaches, weakness, and dizziness. Blood pressure is 180/110 mm Hg. Physical examination shows diminished tendon reflexes. An abdominal CT scan reveals a 4-cm mass in the right adrenal gland. The results of laboratory studies include serum potassium of 2.3... | [
"Aldosterone",
"Cortisol",
"Epinephrine",
"Renin"
] | A | This patient has Conn syndrome, an endocrine disorder most commonly caused by an adrenal cortical adenoma. Aldosterone secreted by the adrenal cortical tumor causes hypertension, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia. Epinephrine, renin, and testosterone (choices C, D, and E) are not produced by adrenal cortical tumors. Corti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Colonoscopy performed on a 25 - year - old woman with eating disorder showed dark brown to black pigmentary deposit in the lining of the large intestine. Histopathology of biopsy revealed pigment laden macrophages within the lamina propria. The woman on probing revealed use of laxatives for the 9 months to lose weight.... | [
"Senna",
"Sorbitol",
"Castor oil",
"Bisacodyl"
] | A | Laxatives and purgatives causes semi solid stools and watery stools respectively. Includes:- Bulk forming : Bran,Psyllium,Ispaghula- Osmotic purgatives: Saline, lactulose, polyethylene glycol,Sodium potassium tarate- Stool softener: Docussate,Liquid Paraffin- Stimulant purgatives: * Organic : Bisacodyl, sodium pico sul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A histologic evidence of widespread formation of globular hypocaLcified dentin and puLp horns reaching the dentinoenamel junction, absence of lamina dura around the tooth in radiograph are the characteristic features of | [
"Vitamin-D resistant rickets",
"Hypophosphatasia",
"Hypervitaminosis-A",
"Vitamin-A deficiency"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Serotonin is mainly secreted by? | [
"Mast cells",
"Platelets",
"Neutrophills",
"Macrophages"
] | B | o Serotonin (5-hydroxy tryptamine) is present in platelets and enterochromaffin cells.
o It is also present in mast cells of rodents, but not humans. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prolonged treatment with INH leads to deficiency of | [
"Pyridoxine",
"Thiamine",
"Pantothneic acid",
"Niacin"
] | A | Refer Katzung 11/e p825 Isoniazid can cause peripheral neuropathy It is due to deficiency of Pyridoxine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blood bag is discarded in: | [
"Red bag",
"White bag",
"Blue bag",
"Yellow bag"
] | D | Blood bag along with laboratory cultures, specimens of micro-organisms and live and attenuated vaccine are dicarded in YELLOW bag. Blood bags are Pre-treated to sterilize with non-chlorinated chemicals on-site as per National AIDS Control Organisation or World Health Organisation guidelines Microbiology, biotechnology ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following causes of acute pancreatitis can cause recurrent bouts without any obvious pathology | [
"Sphincter Oddi dysfunction",
"Pancreas divisum",
"Hypertriglyceridemia",
"All the above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Causes to consider in patients with recurrent bouts of acute pancreatitis without an obvious etiology* Occult disease of the biliary tree or pancreatic ducts, especially microlithiasis, sludge* Drugs* Hypertriglyceridemia* Pancreas divisum* Pancreatic cancer* Sphincter of Oddi dysfunctio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to life. The damage caused to the biological systems by ultraviolet radiation is by | [
"Inhibition of DNA synthesis",
"Formation of thymidine dimers",
"Ionization",
"DNA fragmentation"
] | B | Although UV photons of different energies have various effects on DNA, the most impoant damage to DNA is the formation of pyrimidine dimers. In the pyrimidine dimer, two adjacent pyrimidine bases--cytosine (C) and/or thymine (T)--are linked in an abnormal structure which distos the shape of the DNA double helix and blo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are absolute contraindications for neuraxial anaesthesia, EXCEPT: | [
"Patient on anticoagulants",
"Fixed output state",
"Hypovolaemic shock",
"Bowel perforation"
] | D | In patients on anticoagulants there is a risk of pressure damage to the cord from bleed/hematoma, so neuraxial anaesthesia is absolutely contraindicated. In shock and fixed output states there is effective reduction in circulating volume due to vasodilation, so neuraxial anaesthesia is again absolutely contraindicated.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Clomiphene citrate is indicated in : | [
"Stein - Leventhal syndrome",
"Ovarian cyst",
"Asherman's syndrome",
"Carcinoma endometrium"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about fexofenadine is: | [
"It undergoes high first pass metabolism in liver",
"Terfenadine is an active metabolite of this drug",
"It does not block cardiac K+ channels",
"It has high affinity for central H1 receptors"
] | C | Fexofenadine is an active metabolite of terfenadine. It lacks K+ channel blocking propey, therefore is devoid of arrhythmogenic potential. It is available as a separate second generation H1 blocking agent. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Skin immediately around the umbilicus is supplied by | [
"Anterior cutaneous branches of thoracoabdominal nerve T10",
"Lateral cutaneous branches of thoracoabdominal nerve T10",
"Anterior cutaneous branches of thoracoabdominal nerve T12",
"Lateral cutaneous branches of thoracoabdominal nerve T12"
] | A | The immediately around the umbilicus is supplied by the 10th thoracic spinal nerve. The umbilicus itself lies in the junction of the veebrae L3 and L4. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg198-200 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Type I hypersensitivity includes all of the following except: | [
"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia",
"Anaphylaxis",
"Extrinsic asthma",
"Hay fever"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 162 and 8th/e, p. 162)* Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is type II HSN.* In type II Hypersensitivity reaction (Ab mediated) various mechanisms involves up: (1) Opsonization, complement and Fc receptor mediated phagocytosis (C3b acts as opsonin). ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Going white overnight," is feature of: | [
"Vitiligo",
"Alopecia areata",
"Anagen effluvium",
"Albinism"
] | B | Ans. b. Alopecia areataAlopecia areata typically spares white or grey hair.Hence, if alopecia areata progresses rapidly; it will lead to this phenomenon called "going white overnight" as in a person with a mixture of grey and pigmented hair only grey hair is spared. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reduced FEV 1, Normal FVC and FEV 1/FVC ratio less than 0.7 .which is reversible with bronchodilator s is consistent with | [
"Bronchial Asthma",
"Hypersensitivity penumonitis",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Polyaeritis nodosa"
] | A | In Asthma FEV1(forced expiratory volume in 1 second), FVC(forced vital capacity, is the total volume exhaled), FEV1/FVC decreases. To daignose Asthma: Compatible clinical history plus either : 1)FEV1>12% increase following administration of a bronchodilator or glucocoicoids. 2)FEV1>15% decrease after 6min of exercise 3... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Find out the value of LDL, if total cholesterol level is 300 mg/dL, HDL level is 25 mg/dL and triglycerides level is 150 mg/dL: | [
"55",
"95",
"125",
"245"
] | D | Ans. d. 245 (Ref :Harrison 19/e p2446; Clinical Laboratory Medicine by Kenne 2/e p3I9)"Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels should be measured in all adults, preferably after a 12-h overnight fast. In most clinical laboratories, the total cholesterol and TGs in the plasma are measured enzymatically, and then the cholest... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are features of asteroid hyalosis except: | [
"Usually bilateral",
"Solid vitreous",
"Spherical calcium bodies",
"Usually asymptomatic"
] | A | Ans. Usually bilateral | train | med_mcqa | null |
Immunoglobulins are seen as surface antigens on: | [
"Neutrophils",
"Monocytes",
"NK Cells",
"B cells"
] | D | Ref: Ananthanarayan. Paniker CJ. Textbook of microbiology. 8th Edition. London: John Wiley & Sons: 2009. Pg. 128.Explanation:Differences between T cells and B cellsPropertyT cellBcellCD3 receptor+-Surface immunoqlobulins-+Fc receptor-+Thymus specific antigens+-Surface microvilli-+TCR (T cell receptor)+- | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about ester linked local anesthetics except | [
"All ester linked local anesthetics are metabolized by Pseudocholinesterase except Cocaine",
"Ester LA's more commonly cause allergic reactions than Amide LA's",
"Cocaine is the shortest acting ester LA",
"Procaine is the drug of choice in Malignant hyperthermia"
] | C | Chlorprocaine is the shortest acting ester linked local anesthetic. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of choice for antrochoanal polyp: September 2009 | [
"Intranasal polypectomy",
"Caldwell-Luc operation",
"Endoscopic sinus surgery",
"Intranasal ethmoidectomy"
] | C | Ans. C: Endoscopic sinus surgery For the treatment of sinusitis, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has superceded other modes, whereby normal clearance from the sinuses is restored by removing the anatomical and pathological obstructive variations that predispose to sinusitis. Caldwell-Luc operation is avoided... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 55-year-old woman has had several weeks of fever, abdominal pain, weight loss, and lack of energy. Three days prior to the assessment, she developed a left foot drop. Her blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg, pulse 80/min, and physical examination confirms left peroneal nerve damage and a bilateral sensory peripheral neuro... | [
"nephrotic syndrome",
"diffuse glomerulonephritis",
"granuloma formation",
"necrotizing vasculitis of vessels"
] | D | This patient has polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and in classic PAN, unlike microscopic polyangiitis, both small and medium vessels are involved. The renal lesions are ischemic secondary to fibrinoid necrosis of the vessels. In microscopic polyangiitis, a diffuse glomerulonephritis is frequently present. The most common org... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bone marrow in Amyloid Lightchain Amyloidosis shows which of the following features? | [
"Bone marrow plasmacytosis",
"Granulomatous reaction",
"Fibrosis",
"Giant cell formation"
] | A | Amyloid light chain (AL) protein is derived from plasma cells. All patients with AL amyloidosis have increased plasma cells in their bone marrow presumably accounting for the production of precursors of AL protein. Ref: Pathologic Basis of Disease, Robbins, 6th Edition, Page 253; 7th Edition, Page 261 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Persistent diarrhoea is defined as diarrhoea lasting more than? | [
"7 days",
"14 days",
"21 days",
"28 days"
] | B | Ans. (b) 14 days | train | med_mcqa | null |
After 5 days of bih, baby developed poor feeding, convulsions, fever with low protein low sugar and high chloride (in CSF) is most likely due to ? | [
"Listeria monocytogenes",
"Mycoplasma pneumoniae",
"T.B.",
"Leptospira"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Listeria monocytogenes o We cannot get the answer from CSF values because there is no meningitis which lowers CSF protein. o But we have to choose one answer. o There is only one organism among the four options which can cause neonatal meningitis - Listeria monocytogenes. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anna Freud is related to | [
"Ego",
"Psychoanalysis",
"Psychogenic",
"Existantial"
] | B | Ans) b (Psychoanalysis) RefKaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, p 217Anna Freud (1895-1982)Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud, ultimately made her own set of unique contributions to psycho- analysis. While her father focused primarily on repression as the central defense mechanism, Anna Freud greatly elabor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about hepatic duct: | [
"Left hepatic duct formed in umbilical fissure",
"Caudate lobe drains only left hepatic duct",
"Right hepatic duct formed by V and VIII segments",
"Left hepatic duct crosses IV segment"
] | B | Ans is 'b' i.e., Caudate lobe drains only left hepatic duct Repeat May 09Caudate lobe is usually drained by both left and right hepatic ducts."The left hepatic duct drains segments II, III, and IV, and the right hepatic duct drains segments V, VI, VII, and VIIL Segment I, the caudate lobe, has its own biliary drainage.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of mitral stenosis is: | [
"Rheumatic hea disease",
"Infective-endocarditis",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Congenital"
] | A | The most frequent causes of the major functional valvular lesions are: Aoic stenosis: calcification and sclerosis of anatomically normal or congenitally bicuspid aoic valves Aoic insufficiency: dilation of the ascending aoa, often secondary to hypeension and/or aging Mitral stenosis: rheumatic hea disease Mitral insuff... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Corneal vascularization is seen in deficiency of which vitamin? | [
"B1",
"B2",
"B3",
"B4"
] | B | Corneal vascularization is seen in deficiency of vitamin B Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) vitamin B1 Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Deficiency-characterized by Cheilosis Desquamation and inflammation of the tongue (MAGENTA TONGUE) Seborrheic dermatitis Measurement of the activation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase by FAD added in vi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The drug of choice for management of infantile spasm is: | [
"Phenytoin",
"Valproate",
"ACTH",
"Diazepam"
] | C | Ans: C (ACTH) Ref Essentials of Medical Pharmacology by K. D. Tripathi p.411-12Explanation:Drugs of choice in epilepsyType of seizureFirst choice drugsGeneralised tonic-clonic /simple partial with or without generalizationCarbamazepine, PhenytoinComplex partial with or without generalizationCarbamazepine.Valproate,Phen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are features of adipocere, except: MAHE 11; PGI 13 | [
"It consists of fatty acids",
"Takes place in bodies buried in dry sandy soil",
"Takes about 3 weeks to form",
"Bacterial enzymes are necessary for its formation"
] | B | Ans. Takes place in bodies buried in dry sandy soil | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which imaging modality can help to study CSF dynamics? | [
"MR CSF flowmetry",
"Trans cranial ultrasound doppler",
"CT ventriculography",
"PET scan"
] | A | Ans AMRI CSF flowmetry is a novel imaging technique which works on the principle that CSF is a slow flowing fluid which is influenced by the pulsations transmitted by adjacent arteries. Using this method it is possible to determine the CSF flow rate as well as classify them communicating or non communicating | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mandibular nerve does not supply: | [
"Buccinator",
"Masseter",
"Tensor tympani",
"Temporalis"
] | A | Buccinator is supplied by facial nerve (7th nerve).
Mandibular nerve is nerve of 1st branchial arch & supplies all muscles derived from it, i.e. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nephrotoxicity is seen with: | [
"Azathioprine",
"Leflunomide",
"Mycophenolate mofetil",
"Tacrolimus"
] | D | Tacrolimus | train | med_mcqa | null |
Eosinophil are activated by | [
"IL 1",
"IL5",
"IL4",
"IL6"
] | B | ref Robbins 8/e p200; IL 5 is required for the development and maturation of eosinophil Through binding to the interleukin-5 receptor, interleukin 5 stimulates B cell growth and increases immunoglobulin secretion - primarily IgA. It is also a key mediator in eosinophil activation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vagina develops from - | [
"Mesonephric duct",
"Paramesonephric duct",
"Wolffian duct",
"Ectoderm"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Paramesonephric duct o Vagina is derived from two sources:-i) Upper 2/3rd: It is derived from Utero-Vaginal Canal, i.e. the fused part of paramesonephric duct. Therefore, this part is mesodermal in origin.ii) Lower l/3rd: It is derived from sinovaginal bulb which intum is derived from urogenital sinus... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 8 year old child after a tonsillectomy sees a bear in her room . She screams in fright. A nurse who rushes in switches on the light, finds a rug wrapped on a armchair. She pacificies the child what the child experienced was a: | [
"Delusion",
"Illusion",
"Hallucination",
"None of the above"
] | B | B i.e. IllusionIllusion is sensory stimulation given a false interpretation i.e it is a false perception (misinterpretation /bizarre interpretation/misperception) of external stimuliQ. Eg. misinterpretating cord for snake or rug for bear.Most likely to occur when clarity of sensory stimulation is reduced (e.g at night ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Production of bile takes place in: | [
"The gall bladder",
"Kupffer cells",
"Hepatic duct",
"Hepatocytes"
] | D | PHYSIOLOGIC ANATOMY OF BILIARY SECRETION
Bile is secreted in two stages by the liver:
1. The initial portion is secreted by the principal functional cells of the liver, the hepatocytes; this initial secretion contains large amounts of bile acids, cholesterol, and other organic constituents. It is secreted into minute... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following brain tumors does not spread via CSF ? | [
"Germ cell tumors",
"Medulloblastoma",
"CNS lymphoma",
"Craniopharyngioma"
] | D | Brain tumors spreading via CSF
Ependymoma
Pineoblastoma
Choroid plexus carcinoma
Medulloblastoma
Germinoma
Astrocytoma
CNS lymphoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Study the following table of population in a district and the average population served per doctor. Calculate the harmonic mean: AREA POPULATION SERVED PER DOCTOR POPULATION NUMBER OF DOCTORS RURAL 1000 50000 50 URBAN 500 50000 100 TOTAL 100000 150 | [
"500",
"567",
"667",
"750"
] | C | Calculation of harmonic mean is as follows: (50000+50000)/(50000/100+50000/50)=667 Ref : Medical biostatistics, 1st edition pg: 118 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amount of blood loss in class II circulatory failure/Haemorrhagic shock? | [
"<15%",
"15-30%",
"30-40%",
">40%"
] | B | -Hemorrhagic shock has been divided into 4 classes according to ATLS course. Class 1 Class2 Class 3 Class 4 Blood volume lost as % of total < 15 % 15-30% 30-40% >40% Four Classes of Hemorrhagic Shock (According to the ATLS course) Parameter I II III IV Blood loss (%) 0-15% 15-30 30-40 >40 CNS Slightly anxious Mildly an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Korsakoff's syndrome is due to deficiency of - | [
"Thiamine",
"Niacin",
"Folate",
"Pyridoxin"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thiamine o Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome or wemicke-Korsakoff psychosis is the name given for the amnestic disorders which include Wernicke's encephalopathy (a set of acute symptom) and Korsakoff syndrome (a chronic condition).o These two syndrome occur due to deficiency of thiamine.o Most common caus... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In deep transverse arrest the delivery of baby is conducted by : | [
"Cesarean section",
"Vacuum extraction",
"Keilland forcep and Manual rotation and forcep delivery both",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. is a, b and c i.e. Cesarean section; Vaccum extraction; Keilland forcep; and Manual rotation and forcep delivery In case of occipto posterior position if paial anterior rotation occurs the head is arrested with the sagittal suture in the transverse diameter at the level of the ischial spines, after full dilatation... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug dependence is characterized by- | [
"Daily intake",
"Tolerance",
"Presence of withdrawl symptoms",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is 'a' Daily intake' `b' Tolerance; 'c' Presence of withdrawl symptoms Drug dependence Drug dependence, as the name suggests, is a state where a person becomes dependent on a drug despite knowing the harmful effect of the drug. o This state arises from repeated, periodic or continuous administration of a drug, tha... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not True about Ranula | [
"Mucus extravasation cyst",
"Arises from submandibular gland",
"Seen in the floor of mouth",
"Is cystic swelling"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The drugs that form complexes with pyridoxal are: | [
"Isoniazid",
"Penicillamine",
"Rifampicin",
"Both A. and B."
] | D | Ans. D. Both (A) and (B)Isoniazid (anti-tuberculosis drug) and penicillamine (used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and cystinuria) are two drugs that complex with pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate resulting in a deficiency in this vitamin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antlepileptic of choice in Post diabetic Peripheral neuropathy? | [
"Pregabalin",
"Amitryptylene",
"Carbamazepine",
"Duloxetine"
] | A | K.D Tripathy essentials of medical pharmacology 7th edition *pergabalin is indicated in seizure disorders and is paicularly used for neuropathic pain such as diabetic neuropathy,postherapetic neuralgia,complex regional pain syndrome,and in other type of chronic pain. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Folic acid is given during which trimester of pregnancy September 2010, March 2013 | [
"First",
"Second",
"Third",
"Throughout pregnancy"
] | A | Ans. A: First | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 24-year-old patient presents with redness, foreign body sensation, excessive tears in the eyes along with corneal ulcers following the use of contact lens. The saline mount preparation of the corneal scrapping shows polygonal cysts. What would be the most probable cause? | [
"Entameoba",
"Acanthamoeba",
"Naegleria",
"Giardia"
] | B | The given clinical history and the demonstration of polygonal cysts are suggestive of amoebic keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba. Acanthamoeba culbesoni is a free-living amoeba. It exists as trophozoite form and resistant cystic form. Both these forms are infective. The trophozoite is large and characterized by spine-lik... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20-year-old patient with urethral discharge. Possible diagnosis: | [
"Chlamydia trachomatis",
"Ureaplasma urealyticum",
"Trichomonas vaginalis",
"Gonorrhea"
] | D | Ans. (d) Gonorrhea.Note purulent urethral discharge caused by Neisseria gonorrhea.Image source- style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgba(17, 85, 204, 1); font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">145F315C1813EADACFA.png | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the sequence present next to shine- Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes | [
"AUG",
"UAG",
"UGA",
"UAA"
] | A | Shine Dalgarno is a marker sequence in prokarytes and it helps in indentification of initiator codon. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Type-1 hypersensitivity includes all of the following except: | [
"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia",
"Anaphylaxis",
"Extrinsic asthma",
"Hay fever"
] | A | Ans. (a) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia HSN involving blood components are usually Type II HSN. | train | med_mcqa | null |
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