question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early ambulation after a major operation is an example of: | [
"Health promotion",
"Specific protection",
"Disability limitation",
"Rehabilitation"
] | C | Early ambulation after major operation is a protection against deep vein thrombosis, which helps in disability limitation. Teiary level of prevention- applied when disease has advanced beyond early stages. It aims to reduce or limit disabilities & help in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is restoration of an individual t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ASD patient with murmur similar to MR and left axis detion of 40 degrees is having? | [
"TGA",
"Ostium secundum",
"Ostium primum",
"Flappy mitral valve"
] | D | Floppy mitral valve REF: Pediatrics: A Concise Text - SK Kabra, RN Srivastava Page 135 Repeat in December 2009, December 2011 The murmur is the clinching point here as the patient is having ostium primum type of ASD with MR and Ostium primum defect alone cannot produce such murmur and in question it is already mentione... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Angle's line of occlusion tells malocclusion in which direction? | [
"Sagittal",
"Vertical",
"Transverse",
"Transverse and vertical"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reservoir of hookworm - | [
"Human being",
"Soil",
"Faeces",
"Monkeys"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person working in hot and humid environment consuming lots of plain water without salts is likely to have: | [
"Heat stroke",
"Heat exhaustion",
"Heat syncope",
"Heat cramps"
] | D | Heat cramps occur when a person is doing heavy muscular work in high temperature and humidity. There is painful and spasmodic contraction of muscles. It is believed to be due to losses of sodium and chloride in sweat. Ref: Park 21st edition page: 690. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Barr body was first detected in: DNB 08 | [
"Buccal mucosa",
"Brain",
"Liver",
"Skin"
] | B | Ans. Brain | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is most often involved in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 (MEN 1): | [
"Pituitary",
"Pancreas",
"Parathyroid",
"Thyroid"
] | C | Parathyroid | train | med_mcqa | null |
A major function of the epididymis is: | [
"Storage and transport of mature sperm",
"Initiating the development of spermatozoa",
"Secretion of estrogens",
"Production of inhibin"
] | A | Ans. A. Storage and transport of mature spermThe epididymis and vas deferens are major storage sites of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa develop in the in the seminiferous tubules. Sertoli cells, not the epididymis, secrete estrogens and inhibin. The prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands secrete the semina... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antiemetic of choice in chemotherapy induced vomiting - | [
"Metaclopramide",
"Ondansetron",
"Prochlorperazine",
"Nabilone"
] | B | Ondansetron, marketed under the brand name Zofran, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. It is also useful in gastroenteritis. It has little effect on vomiting caused by motion sickness. It can be given by mouth, or by injection into a muscle o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False positive OGTT is seen in all except? | [
"Malnourished",
"Infection",
"Severe emotional stress",
"Exercise"
] | D | During exercise the muscles will consume sugar; hence sugar levels can be normal in a diabetic patient. However in malnourished patients, bedridden, infection state and severe emotional stress false positive OGTT is seen. It can be explained by catecholamine surge and release of counter- regulatory hormones. | train | med_mcqa | null |
An investigator concluded that the presence or absence of five factors determines the disease condition. Which of the following would be most appropriate next study to determine if any of these five factors are independent precursors of the disease? | [
"Multiple linear regression analysis",
"Multiple logistic regression analysis",
"Analysis of variance (ANOVA)",
"Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of ranks"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
X-ray appearance of sequestrum is - | [
"Unnatural radiodense fragments",
"Osteopenic fragment",
"Fragment with honeycomb loculated appearance",
"Radiolucent area with speckled calcification"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Unnatural radiodense fragments Sequestrum* Sequestrum is a piece of dead bone, surrounded by infected granulation tissue trying to eat the sequestrum away.* The sequestrum is hardl, rough, porus, light in weight and lighter in colour than normal Normal pattern of bone is lost. (Note : Sequestrum in sy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pawn ball megakaryocytes are characteristic of- | [
"Myelodysplastic syndrome",
"idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura",
"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura",
"Chloramphenicol toxicity"
] | A | The term "Pawn Ball Megakaryocytes" has been used to describe a peculiar type of abnormal cell that can be found in bone marrow samples taken from some patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In the 1970s, the term "pawn ball megakaryocytes" came into colloquial usage among bone marrow morphologists . Ref Dav... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 3–year-old boy is brought to the casualty by his mother with progressive shortness of breath for 1 day. The child has a history of bronchial asthma. On examination, the child is blue, gasping and unresponsive What will you like to do first – | [
"Intubate",
"Administer 100 % oxygen by mask",
"Ventilate with bag and mask",
"Administer nebulised salbutamol"
] | B | The symptoms given by the child shows that he is suffering from life-threatening asthma.
Presence of any of the following indicates life-threatening Asthma.
a) Cyanosis
b) Silent chest
c) Poor respiratory effects
d) Altered sensorium
e) Exhaustion, fatigue
f) PEFR < 30 % of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anal coitus with opposite sex is - | [
"Bestiality",
"Sodomy",
"Sin of Gomorrah",
"Fellatio"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sodomy o Anal intercourse between two males or between a male and female is called sodomy. It is called sodomy as it used to be practiced in a town called sodomy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pathology in achlasia cardia is? | [
"Degeneration of nerves",
"Muscular atrophy",
"Hypertrophy of nerves",
"Hypertrophy of muscles"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Degeneration of nerves Pathogenesis of achlasia cardia* It is due to dysfunction of inhibitory neurons containing nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the distal intestine. The cholinergic innervation of the LES is intact or affected only in the advanced stage. There is neurogenic deg... | train | med_mcqa | null |
New born infants are | [
"Obligatory oral breathers",
"Obligatory nasal breathers",
"Predominantly oral breathers",
"Nasal and oral breathers"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Indoor air pollution does not lead to: | [
"Chronic lung disease",
"Impaired neurological development",
"Adverse pregnancy outcome",
"Pneumonia in child"
] | B | Indoor air pollution can lead to chronic lung disease, adverse pregnancy outcome and pneumonia in child.Indoor Air PollutionThe commonest pollutant is tobacco smoke, but additional offenders are CO, nitrogen dioxide, and asbestos. Volatile substances containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generated by cooking oils... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about Keloid | [
"Regresses spontaneously",
"Grows beyond border of wound",
"Precancerous lesion",
"More common men"
] | B | "A keloid scar is defined as excessive scar tissue that extends beyond the boundaries of the original incision or wound" Bailey and love 26th edition Pg: 30 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bacteriophage was discovered by: | [
"Robert Koch",
"Twort and d'herelle",
"Menkin",
"Metchinkoff"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug used in cancer chemotherapy induced vomiting is ? | [
"Aprepitant",
"Dexamethasone",
"Ondansetron",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above o Drugs used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting are: i) 5-HT3 antagonists (drug of choice): Ondansetron, dolasetron, palonosetron, granisetron. Other drugs: Dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, metoclopramide, BZDs (lorazepam) and aprepitant. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about Substantia nigra except:- | [
"Pars compacta is rich in melanin",
"Pallor of substantia nigra indicates Parkinsonism",
"Afferents are derived from caudate nucleus",
"Efferent fibers are rich in GABA"
] | D | Substantia nigra is the pigmented sheet of nerve cells between the tegmentum and crus cerebri of mid brain It extends from the cranial border of Pons to sub thalamic region. It consists of dorsal pigmented and compact pa known as pars compacta (cell rich zone) and ventral less pigmented reticular pa known as pars retic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Non-immune hydrops fetalis is due to all except : | [
"Chromosome defect",
"Alpha thalassemia major",
"Parvo B - 19 virus",
"ABO incompatibility"
] | D | ABO incompatibility | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about Botulism are true except | [
"Botulism is caused by endotoxin",
"Honey ingestion causes infant botulism",
"Constpation is seen",
"Detection of antitoxin in the serum can aid in diagnosis"
] | A | Clostridium botulinum produces a powerful exotoxin that is responsible for its pathogenicity. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and paniker's; 10th edition; Page no: 269 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The treatment of choice of fellow eye of acute angle closure glaucoma is – | [
"Pilocarpine",
"Nd: YAG laser iridotomy",
"Peripheral iridectomy",
"Careful follow up"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
1 meq/ L of hardness of water is equivalent to presence of: | [
"25 mg calcium bicarbonate in 1 litre of water",
"50 mg calcium bicarbonate in 1 litre of water",
"100 mg calcium bicarbonate in 1 litre of water",
"150 mg calcium bicarbonate in 1 litre of water"
] | B | Hardness of water is expressed in meq/L. 1 meq/L of hardness producing ion is equal to 5o mg of calcium bicarbonate in 1 litre of water. Ref: Park 21st edition page: 671. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following may lead to pigment gall stones except - | [
"Chronic Hemolysis",
"Hepatocellular Carcinoma",
"Alcoholic Cirrhosis",
"Biliary tract infection"
] | B | Answer- B. Hepatocellular CarcinomaDemographic/genetic factors: Asia, rural settingChronic hemolysisAlcoholic cirrhosisPernicious anemiaChronic biliary tract infection, parasite infections (Escherichia coli, Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis)Increasing ageIleal disease, ileal resection orblpassCystic fibrosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Psychosurgical procedures are used in the treatment of all of these mental disorders except | [
"Uncontrollable aggression",
"Treatment resistant depression",
"Treatment resistant dissociative disorder",
"Treatment resistant OCD"
] | C | (C) Treatment resistant dissociative disorder # PSYCHOSURGERY> Psychosurgery is defined {by APA's Task Force) as, a surgical intervention, to sever fibers connecting one part of brain with another, or to remove, destroy or stimulate brain tissue, with the intent of modifying, behavior, thought or mood disturbances, for... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Stack formula is for age estimation from dental pattern in: | [
"Infants",
"Adults",
"25-50 years age group",
"Above 50"
] | A | A i.e. Infants | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are unique features of WHO growth chas 2006 except | [
"Breast fed infants as normative growth model",
"Sample collection from 6 states in the US",
"Includes new indicators such as skinfold thickness",
"Reiterates children grow similarly all over the world."
] | B | WHO growth chas are based on multicentre growth reference study( MGRS) conducted in 6 countries all over the world. Brazil Norway Ghana Oman US India Ref: Nelson's ,20th edition, Page 84-89 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Supine hypotension syndrome is characteristic finding of the following trimester: | [
"First trimester of pregnancy",
"2nd trimester of pregnancy",
"3rd trimester of pregnancy",
"Twin pregnancy"
] | C | During third trimester, in about 10 percent of women, supine compression of the great vessels by the uterus causes significant aerial hypotension, sometimes referred to as the supine hypotensive syndrome. Also when supine, uterine aerial pressure--and thus blood flow--is significantly lower than that in the brachial ae... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ribosomes has following enzymatic activity? | [
"Peptidyl transferase",
"Peptidase",
"Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase",
"GTPase"
] | A | The formation of peptide bonds is catalysed by peptidyl transferase, an activity intrinsic to the 23 S r-RNA of 50 S subunit in prokaryotes and 28 S r-RNA of 60 S subunit in eukaryotes. So, it is referred to as ribozyme & indicates a direct role of r-RNA in protein synthesis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis is – | [
"Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry",
"Single energy X-ray absorptiometry",
"Ultrasound",
"Quantitative computed tomography"
] | A | Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard and investigation of choice for diagnosis of osteoporosis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Complications of zidovudine therapy are: | [
"Nausea and vomiting",
"Anemia",
"Steatosis",
"Nephrotoxicity"
] | A | ZIDOVUDINE: Adverse effects: Toxicity is mainly due to paial inhibition of cellular DNA polymerase. .Anaemia and neutropenia are the most impoant and dose-related adverse effects. Nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, headache, insomnia and myalgia are common at the sta of therapy but diminish later. Myopathy, lactic acido... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Firefilies produce light due to: | [
"NADH",
"GTP",
"ATP",
"Phosphocreatinine"
] | C | C i.e. ATP In firefly, ATP is used in a set of reactions that conve chemical energy into light energyQ. So fire fly flashes are glowing repos of ATP (i.e. flashes in firefly indicate presence of ATP & SOLIFE)Q | train | med_mcqa | null |
Net Protein utilization of fish is - | [
"57%",
"67%",
"77%",
"87%"
] | C | <p> FISH Fish is nutritious food rich in proteins (15-25%) with a good biological value and a satisfactory amino acid balance. NPU of fish is 77%. The fat of fish is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and Vitamins A and D. Fish liver oils are the richest source of vitamins A and D. Fish bones are an excellent source of ca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The antiepileptic Drugs Which does not produce enzymes induction is: | [
"Phenobarbitone",
"Sodium valproate",
"Phenytoin sodium",
"Carbamazepine"
] | B | Ref: KDT 6/e p27,408 Most anticonvulsants are enzyme inducers except valproate (inhibitor). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Polishing agent for amalgam | [
"Tin oxide",
"Iron oxide",
"Alumina",
"Silica"
] | A | TIN OXIDE:
This extremely fine abrasive material is used extensively as a polishing agent for polishing teeth and metallic restorations such as dental amalgams in the mouth. It is mixed with water, alcohol or glycerin to form a mildly abrasive paste.
Phillips Science of Dental Material 12th Edition Page. 245-246. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Undulant fever is caused by | [
"Salmonella typhi",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Brucella melitensis",
"Coxiella burnetti"
] | C | Acute brucellosis is mostly due to B.melitensis. It is usually known as undulent fever, but this is misleading as only some cases show the undulent pattern. It is associated with prolonged bacteremia and irregular fever. Ref: Textbook of microbiology; Ananthanarayan and paniker's; 10th edition; Pg:347 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Enzyme involved in Variegate porphyria | [
"Ferrochelatase",
"Protoporphyrinogen oxidase",
"Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase",
"ALA dehydratase"
] | B | Enzyme InvolvedType Major Signs and SymptomsResults of Laboratory TestsProtoporphyrinogen oxidaseVariegate porphyria (hepatic)Photosensitivity, abdominal pain,neuropsychiatric symptomsUrinary ALA, PBG, and coproporphyrinIII and fecal protoporphyrinIX increasedRef: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 31 Porphy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug used to perform stress ECHO: | [
"Thallium",
"Dobutamine",
"Adrenaline",
"Adenosine"
] | B | B i.e. Dobutamine - Stress echocardigraphy has same technique used to access the hea function at rest eg. cardiac output, ejection fraction, shoening fraction & segmental wall motion analysis) but with a stressor as exercise or dobutamine infusionQ. It can cause emergence of regions of akinesis or dyskinesis not presen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the true statement regarding megaloblasitc anemia-a) Megaloblastic precursors are present in bone marrowb) Mean corpuscular volume is increasedc) Serum LDH is increasedd) Thrombocytosis occurse) Target cells are found | [
"ab",
"bc",
"abc",
"bcd"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is the most characteristic arrythmia with digitalis toxicity | [
"Atrial fibrillation",
"Extrasystole",
"NPAT with block",
"Auricular flutter"
] | C | The classic features of digoxin toxicity are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, confusion, delirium, vision disturbance (blurred or yellow vision). It is also associated with cardiac disturbances including irregular heabeat, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, sinoatrial block and AV ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following immunoglobulin is a pentamer? | [
"IgG",
"IgA",
"IgM",
"IgD"
] | C | IgM Both secretory IgA (dimeric) and IgM (pentameric) have J chains IgM is the main immunoglobulin produced early in the primary immune response. IgM is present on the surface of viually all uncommitted B cells. It is a pentamer composed of five H,L, units (each similar to one IgG unit) and one molecule of J (joining) ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
MC type of ca vulva is: | [
"Squamous cell carcinoma",
"Melanoma",
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Adenosquamous carcinoma"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Squamous cell carcinoma * MC variety of vulvar cancer= Squamous cell carcinoma.* MC site= labia (majora and minora) followed by clitoris.* Risk factors for Ca vulva=HPV infection, cigarette smoking, lichen sclerosis, squamous hyperplasia, VIN.* Most patients are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 16-year-old adolescent boy with a history of severe hemophilia A is undergoing an elective inguinal hernia repair. Which of the following is the best option for preventing or treating a bleeding complication in the setting of this disease? | [
"Fresh-frozen plasma",
"Combination of desmopressin and fresh-frozen plasma",
"Combination of e-aminocaproic acid and desmopressin",
"Factor IX concentrate"
] | C | Hemophilia A is a coagulation disorder resulting from a deficiency or abnormality of factor VIII. Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic analogue of antidiuretic hormone that increases levels of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor. DDAVP can be used alone for mild hemophilia A, but is ineffective in severe forms of the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hapsburg jaw refers to: | [
"Class 3 malocclusion",
"Class 2 malocclusion",
"Posterior cross bite.",
"Anterior cross bite"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
During spermatogenesis Sertoli cells secrete | [
"FSH",
"LH",
"Inhibin",
"Testosterone"
] | C | Ans. C InhibinRef: Ganong Physiology, 24th ed. pg, 419 and 420; Guyton's Physiology, 11th ed. pg. 1007* The walls of the seminiferous tubules are lined by primitive germ cells and Sertoli cells.* Maturation of spermatozoa takes place in deep folds of the cytoplasm of the sertoli cells.* Mature spermatozoa are released ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is true regarding post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis? | [
"Renal biopsy is indicated in severe renal dysfunction",
"Microscopic hematuria resolves within 2 weeks",
"Serum C3 levels are normal",
"Serum triglyceride levels are elevated"
] | A | Renal biopsy in P.S.G.N should be considered only in- 1. Presence of acute renal failure 2. Absence of evidence of streptococcal infections or normal complement levels 3. When hematuria and proteinuria leads to diminished renal function 4. Low C3 levels persist more than 2 months In the first week of symptoms 90% of pa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following pubeal events in girls is not estrogen dependant | [
"Menstruation",
"Vaginal cornification",
"Height spu",
"Hair growth"
] | D | Functions of estrogen Estrogen changes the vaginal epithelium from cuboidal to stratified type,which is more resistant to trauma and infection Marked proliferation of endometrial stroma and greatly increases the development of the endometrial glands - Menstruation Development of the stromal tissue of breast, growth of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A chronic alcoholic patient is brought to the emergency depament by a family member. The person has not consumed alcohol since two days due to unavailability. The person complained of nausea, vomiting and dizziness. On the beginning of the third day, he developed seizures (GTCS). Which of the following would be best me... | [
"Sodium valproate",
"Phenytoin",
"Diazepam",
"Carbamazepine"
] | C | The drugs of choice for detoxification are usually benzodiazepines. Chlordiazepoxide (80-200 mg/day in divided doses) and diazepam (40-80 mg/day in divided doses) are the most frequently used benzodiazepines. The aim of detoxification is the symptomatic management of emergent withdrawal symptoms. Ref: A Sho Textbook of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most abundant immunoglobulin present in breast milk? | [
"IgA",
"IgM",
"IgG",
"IgE"
] | A | Most abundant type of Ig = IgA > IgD > IgG, IgM & IgE Anti-infective factors present in breast milk are: IgA (ratio of IgA: IgG is 100:1) Lymphocytes Anti- streptococcal factor Lysosome Lactoferrin Living cells. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are temporary record base material, except? | [
"Shellac",
"Autopolymerizing resin",
"Vacuum formed vinyl or polystyrene",
"Heat cure acrylic resin"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statement is false regarding bacterial cell wall? | [
"Cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thicker than that of Gram-negative bacteria",
"Teichoic acid is present in cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria",
"Region II of LPS is core polysaccharide",
"LPS is responsible for O antigen specificity of gram negative bacteria"
] | B | Difference between Gram positive cell wall and gram negative cell wall Structure Primary Functions Chemical Constituents Gram- Positive cell wall Peptidoglycan osmotic stability, structural integrity, cell shape; permeable to antibiotics Thick meshwork of peptide cross-linked polysaccharide chains Teichoic and lipoteic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 70 year old man presents with complaints of chest pain, fever, cough with sputum. On examination of sputum pus cells with gram positive cocci are present. Blood agar showed positive result. How will you differentiate this from other gram positive cocci? | [
"Bacitracin sensitivity",
"Optochin sensitivity",
"Bile solubility",
"Positive coagulase"
] | C | Pneumococci are bile soluble. If a few drops of 10% sodium deoxycholate solution are added to 1 ml of an overnight broth culture, the culture clears due to the lysis of cocci. Alternatively, if a loopful of 10% deoxycholate solution is placed on a pneumococcus colony on blood agar the colony lysis within a few minutes.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
TOLL Like Receptor (TLR-5) binds to : | [
"Bacterial peptidoglycan",
"ds RNA of viruses",
"Flagella of bacteria",
"Bacterial DNA"
] | C | TLR-2 binds to bacterial peptidoglycan
TLR-3 binds to dsRNA of viruses
TLR-4 binds to LPS of Gram -ve bacteria
TLR-5 binds to flagella of bacteria | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are the methods of Aerial blood pressure monitoring except | [
"Capnography",
"Radial aery cannulation",
"Oscillometry",
"Aerial Tonometry"
] | A | Cardiovascular monitoring Noninvasive Aerial Blood Pressure monitoring methods : Palpation Doppler Auscultation Oscillometry Aerial Tonometry Invasive Aerial Blood Pressure monitoring method Aerial cannulation ( eg : radial, ulnar, femoral ,etc) Pulmonary aery catheterization Central venous catheterization Cardiac outp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following statements regarding transmission of HIV are true EXCEPT: | [
"Circumscission will decrease the frequency of transmission",
"Associated STD's will not influence the transmission",
"Heterosexual contact is the most common route of transmission of HIV",
"Even after vigorous screening, HIV transmission can occur through blood transfusion"
] | B | Ans) b (Associated STD's will not influence the transmission)Ref Park 20th edp 301"The size of the risk is affected by a number of factors, including the presence of STD, the sex and age of uninfected partner, the type of sexual act, the stage of illness of the uninfected partner and the virulence of the HIV strain"So ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ventricular Tachycardia is represented by all, Except: | [
"Wide QRS complex",
"AV dissociation",
"Capture Beats",
"Typical RBBB QRS complex"
] | D | Answer is D (Typical RBBB QRS complex) Wide QRS complex, AV dissociation, capture beats, and fusion beats are characteristic features of ventricular tachycardia. VT is characterized by bizarre QRS complexes that do not confirm to typical RBBB or LBBB QRS complexes Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) VT is defined as three con... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with genotype 46 XY diagnosed of having androgen insensitivity syndrome. TRUE about androgen insensitivity syndrome is: | [
"Phenotype may be completely female",
"Predominantly ovarian component in gonads",
"Seen in males also",
"Testes formed abnormally and receptors are normal"
] | A | These patients have a male karyotype with a mutation of the androgen receptor on the X chromosome. They have normal testicular development and endocrine function. However, because the internal and external male sexual structures need testosterone for development, they are absent. This results in a female phenotype. Sec... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Zidovudine and didanosine used in HAART act by : | [
"Inhibitory effects on viral DNA",
"Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition",
"Inhibit the synthesis of gp41",
"Protease inhibition"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is not true about dumping syndrome - | [
"Presence of hyper-osmolar content in the small bowel",
"Presence of hypo-osmolar content in the small bowel",
"Occurs due to the destruction of the pyloric sphincter",
"None"
] | B | Ans. is 'B' o Dumping syndrome refers to a constellation of post-prandial symptoms occuring due to accelerated emptying (dumping) of hyperosmolar stomach contents into the small bowel o It is usually seen in operation which destroy the pyloric sphincter (i.e. gastrectomy, antrectomy and drainage procedures). It also af... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are True about fracture healing except : | [
"Nutrition affects healing",
"Stable fixation promotes healing",
"Compression at fracture site causes nonunion",
"Hormonal status may affect healing"
] | C | Compression at fracture site improves healing by inducing callus formation Compression enhances the rate of union in cancellous bone. In coical bones, compression at the fracture site enhances rigidity of fixation, and possibly results in primary bone healing. Ref: Maheshwari 9th ed pg 12. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The thresholds for permanent sterility in men for an acute exposure and prolonged exposure conditions are | [
"6 Gy and 2.5-3 Gy respectively",
"2.5 to 3 Gy and 1.5 Gy respectively",
"6 Gy and 2-5 Gy respectively",
"7.5 to 10 Gy and 6 Gy respectively"
] | A | Studies of patients receiving radiation therapy indicate that permanent sterility can result from 2.5 to 3 Gy (250-300 rad) in a fractionated regime over 2 to 4 weeks. The induction of sterility by radiation in human males does not produce significant changes in hormone balance, libido, or physical capability. The orig... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reticulocyte level in newborn is? | [
"0.2-1.5%",
"1-1.6%",
"2.5-6%",
"6-10.2%"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 2.5-6% o Reticulocyte count is the percentage of reticulocytes in total red blood cells. Number of reticulocytes Reticulocyte count --____________________________ x 100 Total number of RBCs o The reticulocyte count serves as an impoant tool to indicate shoened RBC survival and the subsequent appropria... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vitamin synthesized from tryptophan - | [
"Thiamine (Vitamin B1)",
"Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)",
"Niacin (Vitamin B3)",
"Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6)"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Niacin (Vitamin B3) o Tryptophan is oxidized to kynurenine, which is then converted to either niacin (nicotinic acid) or acetyl-CoA. In the reaction alanine is also produced.o Deficiency of tryptophan can cause deficiency of niacin (if also deficient in diet). This can leads to Pallegra: dermatitis, d... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about pralidoxime is: | [
"Signs of atropinization occur more slowly when pralidoxime is used as compared to the use of atropine alone",
"It can be used for chlorinated pesticides",
"It should not used for nerve gases used in chemical warfare",
"Therapy with pralidoxime should ideally be monitored by measuring blood cholinesterase con... | D | Ref:KD Tripathi pharmacology 7th edition (page.no: 30) Drugs facts and comparison 2010/599 Pralidoxime given during organophosphate poisoning attaches to anionic site of enzyme which remains unoccupied in presence of OP inhibitors. It's Oxime end react with phosphorus atom attached to the esteratic site.Oxime-Phosphona... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following condition is associated with anterior open bite | [
"Unilateral condylar #",
"Bilateral condylar #",
"Maxillary fractures",
"Coronoid fracture"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A successful stellate ganglion block can produce – | [
"Hypotension",
"Horner syndrome",
"Brachial plexus involvement",
"Hemifacial anaesthesia"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about delayed expansion: | [
"Occurs due to moisture contamination of Zn containing amalgam before setting",
"Hydrogen gas is produced expanding the amalgam excessively",
"Causes pain in restored tooth",
"All of the above"
] | D | Another important additive to amalgam alloy is zinc. Originally, zinc was added to conventional amalgam as a processing aid to suppress oxidation of the key elements in the alloy.
Zinc tends to oxidize preferentially forming a zinc oxide film that covers the surface of liquid alloy during manufacture and suppresses oxi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Frotteurism: | [
"Pleasure in watching intercourse",
"Pleasure in using article of opposite sex",
"Pleasure in touching opposite sex",
"Pleasure in wearing opposite sex clothes"
] | C | Ans. (c) Pleasure in touching opposite sexRef: The Essentials ofFSM by K.S. Narayan Reddy 31st ed. / 404* FROTTEURISM: rubbing the genitalia with the body of the person of other sex for sexual satisfaction.* Paraphilias: Abnormal 8c unorthodox sex play by using unusual objects or parts are know as paraphilia eg. Sadoma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
30 year male with chronic diarrhoea, anemis, raised liver enzymes. Most likely associated with- | [
"Antimitochondrial antibody",
"Anti-endomysial antibody",
"Anti-smooth muscle antibody",
"Antinuclear antibody"
] | B | IgA anti-endomysial antibodies are found in 90% coeliac patients. They are a very specific & sensitive marker for coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. The anti-endomysial antibody test has been suggested to be 98% sensitive and 98% specific for clinical or subclinical coeliac disease Ref Davidson edition23rd p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A pregnant lady in her first trimester presents with vaginal bleeding. On examination the os is closed and uterine size corresponds to the period of amenorrhoea. The condition could be: September 2005 | [
"Septic aboion",
"Complete aboion",
"Inevitable aboion",
"Threatend aboion"
] | D | Ans. D: Threatend Aboion Estimates repo that up to 50% of all feilized eggs abo spontaneously, usually before the woman knows she is pregnant. Among known pregnancies, the rate is approximately 10%. These usually occur between 7 and 12 weeks of gestation. Increased risk is associated with women over age 35, women with ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Predisposing factor for venous thrombosis ? | [
"AT III deficiency",
"Protein S deficiency",
"Protein C deficiency",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is All o Antithrombin (AT III), Protein S & protein 'C' deficiency cause venous thrombosis. o Dysfibrinogemia causes venous and aerial thrombosis. Distinguishing features of Aerial and venous thrombi. Feature o Blood flow o Sites o Thrombogenesis o Development o Propagation o Macroscopy o Microscopy o Effects o Em... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of neovascular glaucoma - | [
"Diabetes",
"CRAO",
"CRVO",
"Eale's disease"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., DiabetesNeovascular glaucoma (Rubeosis iridis)o It is a secondary angle closure glaucoma which results due to formation of neovascular membrane over the iris i.e., neovascularization of iris (rubeosis iridis). Causes of rubeosis iridis are :-Common :- Diabetic retinopathy (most common cause% central r... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Meningococcal vaccine is available for all of the following, except | [
"Group A",
"Group B",
"Group C",
"Group Y"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Group B Meningococcal vaccines Currently available meningococcal vaccines include polysaccharide vaccines and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. The conjugate vaccines are more immunogenic and also induce immunogenic memory. Both vaccines are available against meningococci of serogroup A, C, W... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prognosis of malignant melanoma depends on - | [
"Grade of tumor",
"Spread of tumor",
"Depth of invasion",
"Metastasis"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lesions in Face -- False statement is: | [
"Suture done as early as possible",
"Full thickness graft is used",
"Suture perpendicular to Langer's line",
"Stitch removed at 2 weeks"
] | D | Ans. (d) Stitch removed at 2 weeksRef: Bailey and Love 27th edition, Page 93* Repair face wounds as early in <24hours* In case of grafting -- Full thickness graft taken from behind ear gives good cosmetic match* Incision is always done parallel to Langer's lines and sutures are made perpendicular to them for cosmetic a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Principal cell of epidermis: | [
"Melanocytes",
"Langerhan cell",
"Keratinocytes",
"Merkel cell"
] | C | Ans. (c) KeratinocytesRef : Fitzpatrick 7th ed. /100CELLS OF EPIDERMIS* Keratinocytes: These are considered as the principal cells of epidermis. They proliferate in basal layer and differentiation occurs in spinosum and granulosum layer which further matures fully and dies in corneum. (keratinocytes are present in all ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Conventional cytogenetics are difficult in solid tumors especially in case of Ca Cx due to aEUR' | [
"High mitotic rate",
"Bacterial contamination of the specimen",
"Good metaphase activity",
"Inadequate biopsy specimen"
] | B | Bacterial contamination of the specimen Ideally, the answer should be "lack of good metaphase activity". However, if that option is not mentioned, bacterial contamination is the closest. Although we are not sure how bacterial contamination would hamper cytogenetics. But the other options are not correct. Cytogenetics i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following pairs are true except: | [
"Kleb-Loeffler bacillus: Corynebacterium diphtheria",
"Koch Week bacillus: Hemophilus influenzae",
"Eaton's agent: Mycoplasma pneumonia",
"Battey bacillus: Mycobacterium intracellular"
] | B | Ans. B. Koch Week bacillus: Haemophilus influenzaeKoch Week bacillus is H aegyptiusExample of common name of bacteria after their discoverersCommon nameBacteriaKleb-Loeffler bacillusCorynebacterium diphtheriaKoch Week bacillusHaemophilus aegyptiusEaton's agentMycoplasma pneumoniaBattey bacillusMycobacterium intracellul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
NADP in extramitochondrial site helps in production of - | [
"Glycogen",
"Steriods",
"Ketone bodies",
"None"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Steroids o NAD+ is used largely in the catabolic redox reactions occurring mitochondrial matrix.o NADP+ (in reduced form NADPH) is largely used in the reductive biosynthesis reaction (cholesterol synthesis, steroids synthesis and lipogenesis) in the extramitochondrial compartments,o NADPH also maintai... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mutation in Marfan's syndrome is? | [
"Collagen I",
"Collagen IV",
"Fibrillin I",
"Fibrillin II"
] | C | Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease South Asia edition. * Marfan's syndrome results from an inherited defect in an extracellular glycoprotein called fibrillin 1 by loss of structural suppo in microfibril rich connective tissues and excessive activation of TGF- beta signally Ref Robbins 9/e pg252 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carcinoid syndrome produces valvular disease primarily involving- | [
"Pulmonary valves",
"Tricuspid valves",
"Mitral valve",
"Aoic valve"
] | B | The carcinoid syndrome : results from bioactive compounds such as serotonin released by carcinoid tumors . systemic manifestations include flushing, diarrhea, dermatitis, and bronchoconstriction. Carcinoid hea disease refers to the cardiac manifestation caused by the bioactive compounds and occurs in half of the patien... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with major depressive disorder brought by her mother complaining that she tried hanging herself. She had so many attempts before and she talks more about deaths. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is suggested. Which of the following is the absolute contraindication to ECT? | [
"Brain rumour",
"Myocardial disease",
"Aoic aneurysm",
"No absolute contraindication"
] | D | There are no absolute contraindications to the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), but some conditions are relative contraindications, they are:Space-occupying intracerebral lesions (except for small, slow growing tumors without edema or other mass effect)Conditions with increased intracranial pressureUnstable vasc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 22-year-old construction worker falls 30 ft and fractures several bones, including his femoral shafts. Six hours later, the patient develops shortness of breath and cyanosis. Which of the following hemodynamic disorders best explains the pathogenesis of shock in this patient? | [
"Acute myocardial infarction",
"Deep venous thrombosis",
"Fat embolism",
"Paradoxical embolism"
] | C | Fat emboli originate from adipose tissue in the medulla of fractured long bones. Fat carried by venous blood reaches the lungs, filters through the pulmonary circulation, enters arterial blood, and is disseminated throughout the body. The occlusion of cerebral capillaries is accompanied by petechial hemorrhages in the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The mechanism of increased susceptibility of Pneumococcal infection in patients with sickle cell anemia is: | [
"Red cell dysfunction",
"Immunocompromise",
"Splenic dysfunction",
"Relative lymphocytosis"
] | C | Increased risk for pneumococcal infections Clinical Risk Group Examples Asplenia or splenic dysfunction Sickle cell disease, celiac disease Chronic respiratory disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, aspirati... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient with VSD develops pulmonary hypertension. Which of the following will be present? | [
"Ejection systolic murmur in pulmonary area",
"Initial resolution of symptoms",
"Clubbing",
"Palpable A2"
] | B | Ans is B. Point to understand is that pulmonary hypertension leads to Eisenmenger syndrome but they are not the same. Cyanosis and clubbing occur in Eisenmenger (reversal of shunt) but not in pulmonary hypertension per se. Cause of CCF is increased pulmonary blood flow. When pulmonary hypertension develops, blood flow ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mean arterial pressure is calculated as | [
"(SBP+2DBP)/3",
"(DBP+2SBP)/3",
"(SBP+3DBP)/2",
"(DBP+3SBP)/2"
] | A | Ans. (a) (SBP+2DBP)/3Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.577Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)Is the average pressure in the arteriesSince the diastole of cardiac cycle is longer (0.53s) than the systole (0.27 s), mean is not the exact average of SBP and DBPMean arterial blood pressure = Diastolic pressure +1/3 of pulse pressureSin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a ventral branch of abdominal aorta? | [
"Gonadal artery",
"Celiac trunk",
"Superior mesenteric artery",
"Inferior mesenteric artery"
] | A | Ans. A Gonadal arteryRef: Gray's 41st ed. pg. 1047Ventral Branches of Abdominal Aorta and Level* Celiac trunk - T12 * Superior mesenteric artery - L1* Inferior mesenteric artery - L3Paired/Lateral Branches of Abdominal Aorta* Inferior phrenic artery* Middle suprarenal artery* Renal arteriesTesticular or Ovarian Artery*... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ureter pierces the following structure in pelvis | [
"Round Ligament",
"Mackenrodt's ligament",
"Ovarian ligament",
"Broad ligament"
] | B | Ureter pierces Mackenrodt's ligament where a canal, the ureteric canal is developed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Laundosine is a toxic metabolite of | [
"Atracurium",
"Pancuronium",
"Mivacurium",
"Vecuronium"
] | A | Atracurium The unique feature of atracurium is inactivation in plasma by spontaneous nonenzymatic degradation (Hofman elimination) in addition to that by alkaline ester hydrolysisConsequently, its duration of action is not altered in patients with hepatic/renal insufficiency or hyperdynamic circulation - Preferred musc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Epstein Barr virus is associated with | [
"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma",
"Burkitt's lymphoma",
"Infectious mononucleosis",
"All of the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Snow storm appearance on USG is seen in : | [
"Hydatidiform mole",
"Ectopic pregnancy",
"Anencephaly",
"None of the above"
] | A | Ans. is a i.e. Hydatidiform mole Diagnosis of H.mole : Ultrasound shows "Snow storm" appearance in the uterus. In case of complete molar pregnancy : -- Chorionic villi exhibit diffuse hydropic swelling -- Absence of fetal shadow. In case of paial molar pregnancy : -- Focal cystic spaces are seen in placental tissue -- ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
During extraction of tooth to known cardiac patient experienced angina this was most likely to be precipitated by | [
"Allergy to LA",
"Stimulus of pain and anticipation",
"Adrenaline in drug",
"Upright position of chair"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most impoant determinant of prognosis in Wilm's tumor is - | [
"Stage of disease",
"Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome Ip",
"Histology",
"Age less than 1 yr at presentation"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Histology "The histology of Wilm's tumor was identified as the most impoant determinant of prognosis." - Devita's Cancer | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amino acid linking Kreb's cycle & urea cycle:- | [
"Aspaate",
"Fumarate",
"Alanine",
"Arginine"
] | A | Urea cycle andTCA Cycle is linked by three way Fumarate in urea cycle is the most impoant integrating point with TCA cycle. Fumarate is conveed to malate and then to oxaloacetate in TCA cycle. Oxaloacetate undergoes transamination to produce aspaate which enters urea cycle. However, Fumarate is not an amino acid so ami... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cell lining of small intestine ? | [
"Simple squamous",
"Stratified squamous",
"Simple columnar",
"Stratified columnar"
] | C | Simple columnar epithelium : It is made up of tall columnar cells. Simple columnar cells may be :i) Simple columnar epithelium (without cilia and microvilli) : Lining of stomach, large intestine, collecting duct and cervical canal.ii) Columnar epithelium with striated border (regularly arranged microvilli) : Lining of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Male to Female ratio is | [
"Males for 1000 popultaion",
"Females for 1000 males",
"Males for 1000 females",
"Females for 100 males"
] | B | The number of females per 1000 males is known as sex ratio Sex composition is one of the basic demographic characteristic of the population Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 482 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All enveloped RNA viruses belong to one large group except- | [
"Influenza",
"Parainfluenza",
"Mumps",
"Herpes"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Herpes . Influenza, paraintluenza and mumps belong to myxovirus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
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