question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gingival biopsy is useful in the diagnosis of - | [
"Sarcoidosis",
"Amyloidosis",
"Histoplasmosis",
"Scurvy"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Amyloidosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
A nulliparous woman in spontaneous labor was examined by you at 2pm and was found to be 6 cm dilated, 80% effaced with absent membranes, clear liquor and fully effaced cervix and vertex at 0 station and oxytocin was started to augment the contractions. At 6pm, she is reassessed and found to have same findings, but now ... | [
"Wait and watch for another two hours",
"Oxytocin augmentation",
"Shift her to OT for caesarean",
"Vacuum delivery"
] | C | Ans. C. Shift her to OT for caesareana. The woman is diagnosed with arrest of active stage of laborb. ACOG has updated the definition of arrest of 1st stage of labor in woman undergoing spontaneous labor to decrease the incidence of first caesarean section.c. Arrest in dilatation in active labor is defined at more than... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mondors disease involves which of the following- | [
"Axilla",
"Neck",
"Thymus",
"Breast"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Breast Mondor's diseaseo Thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of anterior chest wall and breast although it has also been seen in the arm.o Frequently involved veins are lateral thoracic vein, thoracoepigastric vein and superficial epigastric veins,o Aetiology is unknowno Also known as 'string ph... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most sensitive and specific initial laboratory test to diagnose iron deficiency? | [
"Serum iron levels",
"Serum ferritin levels",
"Serum transferrin receptor population",
"Transferrin saturation"
] | B | In iron deficiency anemia, the earliest parameter that is effected is - decrease in stored iron - measured by serum ferritin levels. Hence, estimation of Serum ferritin levels is most sensitive and specific test to diagnose iron deficiency anemia in the given options. However, do remember the ratio discussed in the vid... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nerve growth factor is required for growth of ? | [
"Sympathetic neurons",
"Brain",
"Motor neuron",
"y-neuron"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sympathetic neuronsNerve growth factor (NGF) promotes growth of neurons, paicularly autonomic nervous system.Antiserum against NGF can be prepared and injection of this serum causes total destruction of sympathetic ganglia - immunosympathectomy.NGF is also required for growth of basal forebrain cholin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nikolsky's sign is positive in each of the following conditions, EXCEPT: | [
"Pemphigus",
"Toxic epidermal necrolysis",
"staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome",
"Psoriasis"
] | D | The Nikolsky phenomenon is positive when the epidermis is dislodged from the dermis by lateral, shearing pressure with a finger, resulting in an erosion. It is an impoant diagnostic sign in acantholytic disorders such as pemphigus or the staphylococcal scalded skin (SSS) syndrome or other blistering or epidermonecrotic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of urethral carcinoma is men is | [
"Bulbomembranous urethra",
"Penile urethra",
"Prostatic urethra",
"Fossa navicularis"
] | A | There is a high prevalence of primary urethral cancer in the bulbomembranous urethra, which is also the most common location of urethral strictures. Squamous carcinoma can develop in an area of squamous metaplasia sometimes seen with a urethral stricture. Reference : page 1370 Bailey and Love's sho practice of surgery ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35 year old man presents to an emergency depament with an exquisitely tender prostate gland. An acute bacterial infection is suspected. Which of the following organisms is the most common pathogen in this setting? | [
"Enterobacter",
"Escherichia",
"Klebsiella",
"Proteus"
] | B | The disease is acute bacterial prostatitis; the usual route of infection is by direct extension from a bladder or urethral source. Less commonly, hematogenous or lymphatic spread from a distant site may occur. The most commonly isolated organism is Escherichia coli; other common pathogens include Klebsiella, Proteus, P... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acid base based polyacrylic cements have most
important property of | [
"Bio adhesion",
"Reparative dentin formation",
"Bond strength",
"Severe irritant to pulp"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inveogram to be done in a new born : | [
"Immediately",
"After 2 hours",
"After 4 hours",
"After 6 hours"
] | D | D i.e. After 6 hours Inveogram is done to detect imperforate anusQ. It is done after six hours of bihQ in infant as sufficient air may have collected in large intestine to cast a x Ray Shadow. If the distance between highest level of gas in rectum & metal bougie inseed into the blind anal canal is > 2.5 cmQ; the abnorm... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Histological benign lesion can be fatal if | [
"Induce organ dysfunction",
"Transform to carcinoma",
"Metastasize to different organs",
"All of the above"
] | B | CharacteristicsBenignMalignantDifferentiation Well differentiated; structure may be typical of tissue of origin Some lack of differentiation with anaplasia; structure is often atypicalRate of growth Usually progressive & slow; may come to a standstill or regress; mitotic figures are rare & normal Erratic & may be slow ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which disaccharides are not broken down in git? | [
"Lactulose",
"Maltose",
"Sucrose",
"Lactose"
] | A | LactuloseComposition: O-a-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-b-d-fructofuranoseSource: Heated milk (small amounts), mainly syntheticClinical Significance: Not hydrolyzed by intestinal enzymes, but fermented by intestinal bacteria; used as a mild osmotic laxativeFermentation of lactulose results in acidification of the gut conten... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thiazides diuretics causes all EXCEPT : | [
"Hyperglycemia",
"Increased calcium excretion",
"Useful in congestive heart failure",
"Decreased uric acid excretion"
] | B | Loop diuretics cause hypocalcemia by more excretion whereas thiazides cause hypercalcemia by decreasing its excretion. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Endometrial cancer is associated with all EXCEPT: | [
"Fibromyoma",
"Endometrial hyperplasia",
"Dysgerminoma",
"Granulosacell tumor"
] | C | ANSWER: (C)DysgerminomaREF: Shaw 14th ed p. 374Predisposing factors for endometrial carcinoma are:family historyhypertensionobesity1,late menopause/early menarchediabetesatypical endometrial hyperplasiaunopposed estrogen therapy1,HRTfibroidPCODFeminising ovarian tumoursNulliparitytamoxifen and radiation therapyMenstura... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aldosterone receptors are present in all except | [
"Liver",
"Colon",
"Hippocampus",
"Distal nephron"
] | A | The mineralocoicoid receptor (or MR, MLR, MCR), also known as the aldosterone receptor or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, is a receptor with equal affinity for mineralocoicoids and glucocoicoids.mineralocoicoid receptor is expressed in many tissues, such as the kidney, colon, hea, central nervous system (hippocampus), br... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The earliest sign of papilledema is | [
"Less pulsations",
"Blurring of disc margin",
"Obliteration of cup",
"Cotton wool spots"
] | B | Early (incipient) papilloedema:_ Symptoms are usually absent and visual acuity is normal._ Pupillary reactions are normal.Ophthalmoscopic features of early papilloedema are: (i) Obscuration of the disc margins (nasal margins are involved first followed by the superior, inferior and temporal) (ii) Blurring of peripapill... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Secreting active thyroid follicles are lined by which type of epithelium: | [
"Columnar",
"Cuboidal",
"Squamous",
"Pseudostratified squamous"
] | A | Secreting active thyroid follicles are lined by columnar type of epithelium. Thyroid follicle epithelial lining depends on activity of cells involved in secretion of thyroxine. The more the secretion, the more is endoplasmic reticulum content, the more is the height of the cell - tendency to become columnar. Scanty (re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Daily additional requirement of protein in lactation is – | [
"25 gm",
"15 gm",
"35 gm",
"50 gm"
] | A | Additional requirement of protein is :
Pregnancy → 23 gm
Lactation → 19 gm (0-6 months) 13 gm (6-12 months) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Schwalbe's ring corresponds to: | [
"Corneal endothelium",
"Descemet's membrane",
"Schlemm's canal",
"Ciliary body"
] | B | Ans. Descemet's membrane | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 25 year old male presents to emergency dept. following a road traffic accident. On examination there is pelvic fracture and blood at urethral meatus. Following are true about pt except - | [
"Anterior urethra is the most likely site of injury",
"Retrograde urethrography should be done after the pt is stabilized.",
"Foley catheter may be carefully passed if the RGU is normal",
"Rectal examination may reveal a large pelvic hematoma with the prostate displaced superiorly"
] | A | Ans is (a) anterior urethra is most likely the site of injury The pa of urethra most likely injured in pelvic fracture is membranous urethra (a pa of post. urethra) - Post. Urethra includes -- Prostatic + membranous urethra - Anterior urethra includes -- Bulbar + penile urethra The anterior urethra (paiularly bulbar ur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which feature is found only in the left lung? | [
"Cardiac notch",
"Horizontal fissure",
"Oblique fissure",
"Superior lobar bronchus"
] | A | The cardiac notch is only found on the left lung, which makes sense since the hea is located on the left side of the mediastinum. The horizontal fissure is a deep groove that separates the middle lobe from the upper lobe of the right lung. The left lung does not have a horizontal fissure. The oblique fissure is found i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 17-year-old high school student dies suddenly while playing basketball.Autopsy and histologic sections are given. What is the most likely diagnosis? | [
"Hyperophic cardiomyopathy",
"Dilated cardiomyopathy",
"Constrictive cardiomyopathy",
"Secondary cardiomyopathy"
] | A | Hyperophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by asymmetric hyperophy of the interventricular septum, histologic sections of which reveal disorganized, hyperophied myofibers. These changes produce hypercontractility that predisposes patients to the risk of sudden death. There is an increased incidence of hyperophic cardio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Endolymphatic duct connects which structure - | [
"Scala media to subdural space",
"Scala vestibuli to aqueduct of cochlea",
"Scala tympani to aqueduct of cochlea",
"Scala tympani to subdural space"
] | A | Endolymphatic duct – It is a part of membranous labyrinth (Scala media)
It is formed by union of saccule and utricle
It connects scala media to subdural space
Its terminal part is dilated to form the endolymphatic sac
Endolymphatic sac lies between the two layers of dura on the posterior surface of petrous bone
Surgic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the probable diagnosis in the patient with below flow volume loop (FVL)? | [
"Restrictive airway disease",
"Tracheal stenosis",
"Obstructive airway disease",
"None of the above"
] | B | The above FVL is a typical of fixed central airway obstruction (Either above or below the thoracic inlet) such as tracheal stenosis. In this, there is limitation to peak flow rate,Flattened inspiratory and expiratory curves are seen. Other FVL patterns: 1.Normal 2. Airflow obstruction:- COPD 3. Fixed Upper Airway obstr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of primary hyperpara-thyroidism - | [
"Hyperplasia",
"Solitary Adenoma",
"Carcinoma",
"Multiple adenomas"
] | B | Answer- B. Solitary AdenomaParathyroid adenoma (85% to 95%) | train | med_mcqa | null |
L-dopa is combined with carbidopa in the treatment of parkinsonism to | [
"Decrease the efficacy of levodopa",
"Inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa",
"Increase the dose of levodopa required",
"Inhibit conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the CNS"
] | B | (B) (Inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa) (429-30 KDT 7th) (Lippincott's Pharmacology)Carbidopa is combined with levodopa to inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and make more levodopa available to cross the blood brain barrier to reach its site of action.Extracerebral Dopa Decarboxylase inhibitors... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A tumor has the following characteristic retrobulbar location within the muscle cone, well defined capsule, presents with slowly progressive proptosis, easily resectable, occurs most commonly in the 2nd to 4th decade. Most likely diagnosis is - | [
"Capillary hemangioma",
"Cavernous hemangioma",
"Lymhangioma",
"Hemangiopericytome"
] | B | Ref: Clinical ophthalmology 5th/e p.670 *Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign, intraconal tumor in adults. *Hemangiopericytoma is also retrobulbar intraconal lesion found in adults but is a rare tumor. Moreover owing to its tendency to invade the adjacent tissues, its margins are less distinct than cavernous ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Chicken-wire" appearance of enlarged bone marrow spaces is seen in: | [
"Fetal alcohol syndrome",
"Sickle cell anaemia",
"Haemophilia A",
"Beta thalassemia major"
] | D | In the jaws in beta thalassemia, there is generalized rarefraction of alveolar bone, thinning of cortical bone, and a “chicken-wire” appearance of enlarged marrow spaces and coarse trabeculation.
In some cases, the lamina dura may be thin, the roots of the teeth short, and the premaxilla prominent.
Poynton HG: Oral r... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is Primordial prevention? | [
"Action taken prior to the onset of disease.",
"Prevention of emergence of development of risk factors.",
"Action taken to remove the possibility that a disease will ever occur.",
"Action that halts the progress of a disease."
] | B | LEVELS OF PREVENTION: Primordial prevention Prevention of emergence of development of risk factors Done by health education. Primary prevention Action taken prior to the onset of disease Done by health promotion & specific protection. Secondary prevention Action which halts the progress of a disease Done by early diagn... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Adenovirus | [
"Double stranded DNA",
"Enveloped",
"Complex symmetry",
"None"
] | A | (Double stranded DNA) (486- 87- A 7th)ADENOVIRUSES - are group of medium sized, non enveloped' double stranded DNA viruses that share a common complement fixing antigen. They infect humans, animals, and birds, showing strict host specificity* The vision has the appearance of a space vehicle* Acute hemorrhagic cystitis ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
You are the physician on call for the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) service. There are 5 calls today, but only one machine and one technologist available. Which of the following patients is the most appropriate recipient of this service? | [
"A 1-day-old, full-term, anencephalic 4-kg boy suffering from meconium aspiration syndrome and hypoxia",
"A 75-year-old man with Alzheimer disease, severe pneumonia, and elevated pulmonary aerial pressure",
"A 5-year-old girl with rhabdomyosarcoma metastatic to the lungs",
"A 3-day-old boy preoperative for a ... | D | ECMO is a form of cardiopulmonary suppo that is useful in the setting of potentially reversible pulmonary or cardiac disease. Treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome, sepsis, pneumonia, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (pre- or postoperatively) are thus appropriate uses. The technique is also applicable in some ci... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fomivirsen is used in: | [
"Herpes simplex infection",
"CMVinAIDS",
"Chicken pox",
"Influenza virus"
] | B | Ans: b (CMV in AIDS) Ref: Goodman & Gilman 821FomivirsenFomivirsen is a phosphorothioate antisense oligionucleotide complementary to the mRNA sequence for the major immediate--early region of CMV and inhibits CMV replication through sequence- specific and nonspecific mechanisms, including inhibition of vims binding to ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which type of hypersensitivity reactions is seen in myasthenia gravis | [
"Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction",
"Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction",
"Type3 hypersensitivity reaction",
"Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction"
] | B | Ref Robbins 8/e p203;9/e p 206 Antibodies cause disease by targeting cells for phagocyto- sis, by activating the complement system, and by interfer- ing with normal cellular functions (Fig. 4-10). The antibodies that are responsible typically are high-affinity antibodies capable of activating complement and binding to ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
18 year old girl presented with breathlessness, anxiety, palpitation & tingling around lips. There is similar history in past. Diagnosis is - | [
"Panic attack",
"Anxiety disorder",
"Conversion disorder",
"Acute psychosis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Panic attack o Hyperventilation syndrome with chest pain and a tingling sensation in the fingertips and around the mouth (paresthesia) and may accompany a panic attack.o Panic disorder is characterized by intermittent sever anxiety (Panic) unrelated to any particular situation or object. A panic attac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope uses | [
"Infrared laser",
"Diode laser",
"Excimer laser",
"YAG laser"
] | B | Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope It is an instrument using a confocal laser system to provide and analyze a three-dimensional image of the optic nerve head, peripapillary retina, and macular region It uses a 670 nm diode laser and measures the amount of light reflected from a series of 16-64 sections in depth and... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which organism can penetrate intact cornea: September 2009 | [
"Pneumococcus",
"Gonococci",
"Pseudomonas",
"Staphylococci"
] | B | Ans. B: Gonococci Organisms that penetrate intact epithelium: Corynebacterium (Diptheria)-a nonencapsulated, nonmotile, gram-positive bacillus Acanthamoeba Neisseria gonorrhoea Aegyptius Listeria Shigella | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carcinoid tumor is diagnosed by. | [
"Urinary 5 HIAA",
"Chromogranin A",
"Neuron specific enolase",
"Urinary 5 Hydroxy tryphtophan"
] | A | Ans. (a) Urinary 5HIAARef: Bailey 27th edition, Page 1251* Most common used investigation to diagnose carcinoid tumor is 24 hours urinary 5HIAA* IOC to localize the tumor is DOTATATE scan | train | med_mcqa | null |
'Thumbprint' sign seen in – | [
"Candida",
"Asp ergillus",
"Thrrmomyces",
"Epiglotitis"
] | D | Thumbprint sign is a finding on lateral cervical spine radiograph that suggest diagnosis of epiglottitis. This appearance is due to thickening of aryepiglottic folds, which causes it to appear more radiopaque, resembling the distal thumb.
Also know
Thumbprint sign is also seen in the colon in following diseases :- (1... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Number of colorectal polyps for clinical diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis is - | [
"<20",
"50",
"80",
">100"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., >100 Familial adenomatous polyposis* This autosomal dominantly inherited condition is characterized by the development of multiple rectal and colonic adenomas around puberty.* It is due to mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, allowing genetic testing in the 75 percent of families in ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reversal of shunt is not possible in natural history of? | [
"ASD",
"VSD",
"TOF",
"PDA"
] | C | c. TOF(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2211-2217, Ghai 8/e p 420-423)Reversal of shunt or Eisenmenger syndrome is seen in- VSD, ASD, AV canal defect, PDA. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic feature of acute inflammation - | [
"Vasoconstriction",
"Vascular stasis",
"Vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability",
"Margination of leucocytes"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability Acute inflammation has three major steps: -Among these three major steps "The hallmark of acute inflammation is increased vascular permeability leading to escape of protein rich fluid (exudates) into the extravascular tissue".Mechanism of increased va... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anti TB drug contraindicated in pregnancy is - | [
"INH",
"Rifampicin",
"Streptomycin",
"None of the above"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Streptomycin The following antituberculosis drugs are contraindicated in pregnant women-* Streptomycin* Kanamycin* Amikacin* Capreomycin* Fluoroquinolones | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Von Hippel – Lindau Syndrome, the retinal vascular tumour are often associated with intracranial hemangioblastoma. Which one of the following regions is associated with such vascular abnormalities in the syndrome? | [
"Optic radiation",
"Optic tract",
"Cerebellum",
"Pulvinar"
] | C | It is AD life threatening phacomatosis characterized by capillary haemangiomas of retina or optic nerve head and haemangioblastoma of cerebellum, spinal cord, medulla or pons. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true of ß thalassemia major, except | [
"Increased osmotic fragility",
"Target cells on peripheral smear",
"Microcytic hypochromic anemia",
"Splenomegaly"
] | A | in thalassemia major there will be marked splenomegaly,hypochromic microcytic anemia and target cells in peripheral smear.osmotic fragility decreases | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kangaroo mother care can be initiated immediately in babies weighing | [
"500 - 1000 grams",
"1000 - 1200 grams",
"1200 - 1800 grams",
"> 1800 grams"
] | D | Kangaroo mother care (KMC) refers to care of preterm or low bih weight infants by placing the infant in skin-to-skin contact with the mother or any other caregiver.KMC was first suggested in 1978 by Dr Edgar Rey in Bogota, Colombia. The term kangaroo care is derived from practical similarities to marsupial caregiving, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of choice in second degree of prolapse uterus in 24 years nulliparous woman is : | [
"Fothergill's repair",
"Shirodkar's procedure",
"Abdominal sling operations",
"Le -- fo's repair"
] | C | Abdominal sling operations | train | med_mcqa | null |
In infant most sensitive audiometric screening is - | [
"Electrocochleography",
"BERA",
"Cortical evoked response",
"Tympanometry"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Tarnow's technique, the method described for denuded root surface is | [
"Semilunar coronally repositioned flap",
"Split thickness coronally repositioned flap",
"Free soft tissue autograft",
"Subepithelial connective flap"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tissue macrophages are called | [
"Monocytes",
"Histiocytes",
"Plasma cells",
"Epitheloid cells"
] | B | Ans. (b) Histiocytes(Ref: Anderson 10th ed pg 583)Macrophages are tissue cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and from progenitors in the embryonic yolk sac and fetal liver during early developmentQCirculating cells of this lineage are known as monocytes. Tissue macrophages are called histiocy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most radiosensitive tissue among the following? | [
"Skin",
"Gut epithelium",
"Germinal cells of the ovary and testis",
"Bone marrow"
] | D | RELATIVE TISSUE RADIOSENSITIVITY Radiosensitive tissues Radio-resistant tissues Bone marrow Liver Gut epithelium Kidney Germinal cells of the ovary andtestis Brain Skin Connective tissue Foetal tissues Bone Many tumours Muscle Note: epiphyseal plate is the most radiosensitive area of bone, and the site, which if irradi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the commonest indication of classical cesarean section? | [
"Transverse lie",
"Cord prolapse",
"Dense adhesion in lower uterine segment",
"Placenta praevia"
] | C | ANSWER: (C) Dense adhesion in lower uterine segmentREF: William's obs 22nd e p- 5987Classical caesarean section is not done these days f however its done in cases where the lower segment is not approachable. Uterine incision is made on upper segment above the reflection of uterovesical fold of peritoneum.Indications of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Persistent diarrhoea is due to: | [
"EAEC",
"EPEC",
"EIEC",
"ETEC"
] | A | Persistent diarrhoea is due to EAEC (Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli). option 1 EAEC: Persistent diarrhea in developing countries. option 2 EPEC- Infantile diarrhea. Option 3 EIEC- ulceration of bowel, dysentery (resembling shigellosis). option 4 ETEC- most common cause of traveler's diarrhea. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are characteristics of a male skull except | [
"Larger",
"Steeper forehead",
"Large mastoid process",
"Pointed chin"
] | D | Male Skulls Generally larger than female Larger brow ridges, with sloping, less rounded forehead Greater definition of muscle attachment areas on the back of the head Larger projections behind the ears (mastoid processes) Square chin with a more veical (acute) angle of the jaw Female Skulls Smoother bone surfaces where... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An 16 year old boy was brought in emergency with acute testicular pain, awakening him from sleep. On examination,the right testis is enlarged and tender. There is no history of any injury. what is the likely diagnosis? | [
"Testicular vasculitis",
"Testicular torsion",
"Testicular neoplasm",
"Acute orchitis"
] | B | The above case scenario is indicative of testicular torsion as there is presence of acute onset of testicular pain and no history of injury. There are two types of testicular torsion. Neonatal torsion Adult torsion occurs either in utero or sholy after bih not associated anatomic defect typically is seen in adolescence... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Moral treatment of mentally ill patient was first stressed by | [
"Pinel",
"Morel",
"Kraeplin",
"Kraeplin"
] | A | A. i.e. Pinel | train | med_mcqa | null |
Base of the hea is formed mainly by: | [
"Right atrium",
"Left atrium",
"Right ventricle",
"Left ventricle"
] | B | The hea has three surfaces: sternocostal (anterior), diaphragmatic (inferior), and a base (posterior).It also has an apex, which is directed downward, forward, and to the left.The sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and the right ventricle.The right border is formed by the right atrium; the left b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Transpo medium for cholera ? | [
"LJ medium",
"Cary Blair medium",
"MYPA medium",
"Stewa medium"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cary Blair medium | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gallamine is excreted mainly through? | [
"Bile",
"Liver",
"Kidney",
"Pseudocholinesterase"
] | C | Kidney REF: Lee synopsis of anesthesia 12th e p. 215 See previous question for explanation | train | med_mcqa | null |
Positive feedback is seen in A/E : | [
"LH Surge",
"Entry of Ca into sarcoplasmic reticulum",
"Stimulation of gastric secretion of histamine & gastrin.",
"Thrombolytic activity in coagulation cascade."
] | C | Ans. is 'c' Stimulation of gastric secretion by histamine and gastrin Most control systems of the body are negative feed back systems. Release of acid in the stomach by the action of gastrin is one of them. Gastrin increase the secretion of gastric acid, but acid then feed backs to inhibit further gastrin secretion.Pos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40 year old immunocompromised patient develops multiple ulcers in the oesophagus leading to painful swallowing. The biopsy from the oesophagus is shown below. The diagnosis is? | [
"CMV",
"Candida",
"Eosinophilic esophagitis",
"Herpes"
] | A | Option A=CMV- there are Basophilic inclusion bodies & owl eye appearance seen in slide. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Biological value of proteins refers to the | [
"Proteins efficiency ratio",
"Proteins biologic value",
"Protein energy ratio",
"Calorific value"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause myelosuppression | [
"Famciclovir",
"Ganciclovir",
"Penciclovir",
"Fomivirsen"
] | B | Ganciclovir It is an analogue of acyclovir which is active against all herpes viruses including H. simplex, H. zoster, EBV and CMV against which it is most active. mech of action:- Ganciclovir is activated intracellularly by virus specific thymidine kinase and its triphosphate nucleotide preferentially inhibits viral D... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Autoregulation of hormone? | [
"A hormone inhibits its own secretion directly",
"A hormone inhibits its own secretion by inhibiting regulatory hormone",
"Nervous system inhibits release of hormone",
"All of the above"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., A hormone inhibits its own secretion by inhibiting regulatory hormone.Feedback control (Autoregulation):The process of inhibiting or stimulating the first step by the final step product in a hormonal reaction pathway, is called feedback regulation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
in whic of the following cardiac condition PULSATILE LIVER AND ASCITES is seen ? | [
"TR",
"Critical pulmonary stenosis",
"MR",
"MS"
] | A | Most commonly, TR is secondary to marked dilation of the tricuspid annulus from RV enlargement due to PA hypeension. Functional TR may complicate RV enlargement of any cause, including an inferior MI that involves the RV. It is commonly seen in the late stages of hea failure due to rheumatic or congenital hea disease w... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope uses ? | [
"Infrared laser",
"Diode laser",
"Excimerlaser",
"YAG laser"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diode laser Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope It is an instrument using confocal laser system to provide and analysethree dimentional image of the optic nerve head, peripapillary retina, and macular region. It uses a 670 nm diode laser and measures the amount of light reflected froma series of 16... | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to Scammon’s growth curve, which of the following tissues has a growth increase that can be used to help predict timing of the adolescent growth spurt? | [
"Neural tissues",
"Lymphoid tissues",
"Reproductive tissues",
"General tissue"
] | C | The genital curve includes the growth of primary sex apparatus and all secondary sex traits. This curve remains relatively quiescent till about 10 years of age, after which it starts to upswing rapidly due to the rapid growth of genital organs in the pre-pubertal and pubertal periods.
Key Concept:
Reproductive tissues ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pioneer bacteria in dental caries are in | [
"Enamel",
"Dentin",
"Pulp",
"Cernenturn"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Holt oram syndrome is characterised by | [
"ASD",
"Pulmonary stenosis",
"TGA",
"TAPVC"
] | A | Holt or am syndrome characterized by ASD. Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:401,table 15.7 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Free SH group is present in | [
"Cysteine",
"Methionine",
"Taurine",
"Homoserine"
] | A | This is a tricky question. Option a, b and c have sulphur. But, only cysteine contains SH group. EXTRA EDGE:- Sulphur containing amino acids: Cysteine Methionine Homocysteine Taurine Sulfhydryl/thiol group-containing amino acids: Cysteine Homocysteine Sulfhydryl/thiol group-containing proteinogenic amino acids: Cystein... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about Bater syndrome except? | [
"Urinary calcium increased",
"Hypokalemic alkalosis",
"Mineralocoicoid antagonist can be used.",
"Normal Blood pressure"
] | C | The defect in Bater syndrome in thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle- | urinary loss of calcium & nephrocalcinosis The salt wasting and polyuria lead to dehydration- stimulates the R.A.A.S- secondary hyperaldosteronism. This explains the hypokalemia. ROMK receptors in TAL are affected leading to urinary loss of potass... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is considered the active form of calcium? | [
"Ionised calcium",
"Albumin bound calcium",
"Phosphate bound calcium",
"Protein bound calcium"
] | A | In blood viually all of calcium is in the plasma, which has a mean normal calcium concentration of approximately 9.5mg/dl. calcium exists in 3 chemical states in plasma, of which 50% is Ionised , 40% is bound to proteins, 10% is complexed with small anions. The free or ionised calcium is the biologically active form . ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient at 22 weeks gestation is diagnosed as having IUD which occurred at 17 weeks but did not have a miscarriage. This patient is at increased risk for: | [
"Septic abortion",
"Recurrent abortion",
"Consumptive coagulopathy with hypofibrinogenemia",
"Future infertility"
] | C | Ans. is c, i.e Consumptive coagulopathy with hypofibrinogenemiaRef. Dutta Obs. 9/e, p 304, p 304Dead fetus, if retained for more than 4 to 5 weeks, release thromboplastin which leads to DIC (consumptive coagulopathy).In the question, the fetus has been dead and has been retained for five weeks so there are increased ch... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In TMJ 2 joint works synchronously hence known as: | [
"Ginglinoid joint.",
"Biarthrodial joint.",
"Compound joint.",
"Synovial joint."
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Similarity between FNH and hepatic adenoma are all except | [
"Hemoperitoneum is common",
"Biliary abnormalities are seen",
"More common in females",
"Associated with OCP's"
] | A | . Hemoperitoneum is not seen in FNH | train | med_mcqa | null |
For indirect tooth-colored restorations the recommended
gingival-occlusal divergence per wall is in the range of | [
"Greater than 2-5 degrees",
"2-5 degrees",
"Less than 2-5 degrees",
"Less than 5 degrees"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sturge Weber's syndrome is not associated with ? | [
"Seizures",
"Hemiatrophy of cerebral coex",
"Gyriform calcification in brain",
"Empty sella"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Empty Sella Sturge-weber's syndrome Sturge-weber's syndrome results from anomalous development of the primordial vascular bed in the early stages of cerebral vascularization. o At this stage, the blood supply to the brain, meninges, and face is undergoing reorgnization, while the primitive ectoderm in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug contraindicated in bilateral renal aery stenosis | [
"Propanolol",
"Guanethidine",
"Captopril",
"Amilodipine"
] | C | Refer kDT 6/e p 484 Renal aery stenosis is thenarrowing of one of the renal aeries, most often caused by atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia. This narrowing of therenal aery can impede blood flow to the target kidney, resulting in renovascular hypeension - a secondary type of high blood pressure. Angiotensin-con... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Slow sand filter is differentiated from rapid sand filter by - | [
"Bacteria are removed more effectively",
"Skilled person is needed",
"Cost of construction is cheaper",
"Sand paicles are of smaller size"
] | B | Comparison of Rapid and Slow sand filters Rapid sand filter Slow sand filter Space Occupies very little space Occupies large area Rate of filtration 200 m.g.a.d 2-3 m.g.a.d Effective size of sand Chemical coagulation and sedimentation Plain sedimentation Preliminary treatment By back washing By scraping sand bed Washin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tsutsugamushi causes: | [
"Epidemic typhus",
"Endemic typhus",
"Scrub typhus",
"Q fever"
] | C | Orientia tsutsugamushi causes scrub typhus where vector is trombiculid mite. Human disease caused by the Rickettsia and Orientia species Group Species Disease Vector Veebrate reservoir Distribution Typhus R. prowazekii " R. typhi R. felis Epidemic typhus Brill-zinsser disease Endemic typhus " Louse " Rat flea Cat flea ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common systemic association of scleritis is – | [
"Ehlers – Danlos syndrome",
"Disseminated systemic sclerosis",
"Rheumatiod arthritis",
"Giant cell arteritis"
] | C | "When a patient comes to an ophthalmologist with scleritis, RA must be considered, because it is the most common cause of scleritis (and episcleritis)".
— The cornea by Dohlman | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 22-year-old primigravida at 11 weeks of gestational age has a blood pressure reading of 150/100 mm Hg obtained during a routine visit. . The patient denies any headache, visual changes, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. Her repeat BP is 160/90 mm Hg, and urinalysis is negative for protein. Which of the following i... | [
"Preeclampsia",
"Chronic hypeension",
"Eclampsia",
"Gestational hypeension"
] | B | Chronic hypeension is defined as BP >140/90 mmHg before pregnancy or diagnosed before 20 weeks of gestation, or hypeension first diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation and persistent after 12 weeks postpaum. The average prevalence of hypeension in women aged 18 to 39 years is approximately 5-7 percent. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Action of quadratus femoris is - | [
"Extension",
"Flexion",
"Lateral rotation",
"Medial rotation"
] | C | Ans-C | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cause of nephrocalcinosis in granulomatous ds aEUR' | [
"Increased absorption",
"Increased conversion to 1,25 OH",
"Dystrophic calcification",
"Mutation in calcium sensing receptor"
] | A | Increased calcium absorption [Ref: Robbin's 7/e p. 2387; Harrison 17/e p. 23871 Hypercalcemia associated with sarcoidosis The predominant mechanism for the development of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria is the increased intestinal absorption of calcium induced by elevated calcitriol (1,25 hydroxyvitamin D). Sarcoidosi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statements regarding DMPA includes all the following except : | [
"3% failure rate",
"Protects against ovarian cancer",
"Can be given in women with seizures",
"Useful in treatment of menorrhagia"
] | B | Risk of endometrial cancer is substantially reduced by past use of DMPA Noncontraceptive benefits of DMPA:Anemia, PID, Ectopic pregnancy, and Endometrial cancer are repoedDMPA benefits women with sickle cell diseaseRef: Novak and Bereks Gynecology; 15th Edition; Chapter 10 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45 yrs male presented with an expansile lesion in the centre of femoral metaphysis. The lesion shows Endosteal scalloping and punctuate calcifications. Most likely diagnosis is: | [
"Osteosarcoma",
"Chondrosarcoma",
"Simple bone cyst",
"Fibrous Dysplasia"
] | B | Middle aged female with expansile lesion in the femoral metaphysis with endosteal scalloping and punctuate calcifications give the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. Ref: Concise Pathology By Chandrasoma P, Taylor C, 3rd Edition, Page 971; Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th Edition, Page 1241; Essential Ohopedics By Ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I is used in ? | [
"Purine synthesis",
"Pyrimidine synthesis",
"Urea cycle",
"Uronic acid pathway"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Urea cycleCarbamyl phosphate synthase I Urea cycleCarbamyl phosphate synthase II- Pyrimidine synthesis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is true regarding shoulder dislocation - | [
"Posterior dislocation is often over-looked",
"Pain is severe in anterior dislocation",
"Radiography may be misleading in posterior dislocation",
"All of the above"
] | D | The features of posterior dislocation of the shoulder are not very striking, and for that reason the injury is often overlooked. An important sign is fixed medial (internal) rotation of the arm, which cannot be rotated outward (externally), even to neutral position.
Radiography may be misleading if only the ordinary an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 4 year old boy, with three days history of upper respiratory tract infection presents with stridor, which decreases on lying down. What is the most probable diagnosis? | [
"Acute Epiglottitis",
"Laryngotracheobronchitis",
"Foreign body Aspiration",
"Retropharyngeal Abscess"
] | B | Prodromal symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection preceding sings of respiratory tract obstruction is characteristic of croup. Ref: Nelson 17th Edition, Page 1405;1406,14; Respiratory Care: Principles And Practice By Dean Hess, Neil MacIntyre, Shelley Mishoe, William Galvin, 2011, Page 1019. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child with unilateral cleft lip ideal time of repair is - | [
"3-6 months",
"at birth",
"at 1 year",
"> 5 years"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 3-6 months Timing of repair of cleft lip* According to CSDT# Follow the 'Rule of Ten' i.e. Surgery is done* After 10 wks of age* Weight >10 lb (4.5 kg)* Hemoglobin <10 g/dl* According to Schwartz - at 3 to 6 months of age* According to Sabiston - at 3 months of age* According to Bailey - between 3 & 6... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Complications of dentigerous cyst can be: | [
"Ameloblastoma.",
"Mucoepidermoid carcinoma.",
"Squamous cell carcinoma.",
"All of the above."
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Autosplenectomy is seen in? | [
"Hereditary spherocytosis",
"G6 PD deficiency",
"Sickle cell anemia",
"Thalassemia major"
] | C | ANSWER: (C) Sickle cell anemiaREF: Harrisons Internal Medicine 17th edition Chapter 60. Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen, CMDT 2009 chapter 13 Blood Disorders > AnemiasPatients with sickle cell disease often suffer from autosplenectomy as a result of splenic destruction by the numerous infarcts associated with sic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about Bacterial capsule is: | [
"Prevents Phagocytosis",
"Stains by gram stain",
"Protects bacteria from lytic enzymes",
"Lost by repeated subcultures"
] | B | Slime has little affinity for basic dyes and is not visible in Gram stained smears. Special capsule staining
techniques are available, usually employing copper salts as mordants. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The bullet which is open at the nose and is covered with lead jacket called | [
"Rubber bullets",
"Tracer bullet",
"Hollow point bullet",
"Dum dum bullet"
] | D | Dum-dum bullet is one which is open at the nose and is covered with lead jacket. When it strikes on the target the lead will expand and produce a larger entrance wound. Hollow point bullet is one which has a pit on the nose. Rubber bullet are used to control the riot and this may cause fatal injury when fired from a cl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is an example of extraspectral colour? | [
"Red",
"Green",
"Blue",
"Purple"
] | D | Another observation of basic impoance is the demonstration that the sensation of white, any spectral color, and even the extraspectral color, purple, can be produced by mixing various propoions of red light (wavelength 723-647 nm), green light (575-492 nm), and blue light (492-450 nm). Red, green, and blue are therefor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Jaw tightness is typically seen in: | [
"PAN",
"Coarctation of aoa",
"Giant cell aeritis",
"Wegner's Granulomatosis"
] | C | Answer is C (Giant Cell Aeritis): Jaw Claudication (law Tightness) is a typical manifestation of Temporal aeritis or Giant cell aeritis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Conduplicato corpore" indicates spontaneous_____ | [
"Version",
"Rectification",
"Evolution",
"Expulsion"
] | D | Ans. d (Expulsion) (Ref. Williams Obstetrics 22nd/Ch. 20)If the fetus is small--usually less than 800 g--and the pelvis is large, spontaneous delivery is possible despite persistence of the abnormal lie. The fetus is compressed with the head forced against the abdomen. A portion of the thoracic wall below the shoulder ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
About iliolumbar ligament, which of the following statements is false? | [
"It is attached to transverse process of L5",
"Attatched to the iliac crest",
"Lower pa has attached to sacrospinous Ligament",
"Upper pa has attachment to Quadratus Lumborum"
] | C | The iliolumbar ligament is attached to the Thoracolumbar Fascia and quadratus Lumborum muscle (not to the sacrospinous ligament) Ilioluumbar ligament: The iliolumbar ligament is a strong band of connective tissue connecting the lumbar transverse process to the ilium. Lumbar attachment: To the transverse process of L5 (... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Coisol increase all of the following component except | [
"Platelets",
"RBC's",
"Eosinophils",
"Monocytes"
] | C | Coisol is the principal glucocoicoid produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal coex. It promotes gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, suppresses protein synthesis, inhibits inflammatory and immune responses, and has mild mineralocoicoid (for example, hypernatremic, kaliuretic, antidiuretic) effects. Most plasma coisol ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
End product of prgesterone metabolism found in urine : | [
"Pregnenolone",
"17-OH Pregnenolone",
"Pregnanediol",
"Pregnanetriol"
] | C | Fate of progesterone : Within a few minutes after secretion almost all the progesterone is degraded to other steroids that have no progesteronic effect The major end product of progesterone degradation is pregnanediol. Approximately 10% is excreted in urine in this form. Ref: TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY,GUYTON,Pg no... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A/E seen in spring catarrh- | [
"Follicles",
"Pseudogerontoxon",
"Shild's ulcer",
"Tranta's spot"
] | A | Symptoms. Spring catarrh is characterised by marked burning and itching sensation which is usually intolerable and accentuated when patient comes in a warm humid atmosphere. Itching is more marked with palpebral form of disease.Other associated symptoms include: mild photophobia, lacrimation, stringy (ropy) discharge a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.