question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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A 60-year old male has a long 5tanding history of breathlessness lie has been a heavy smoker since the age of 20 years. Physical examination reveals an anxious male who is emaciated, puffing for breath but is not cyanosed. The chest is barrels shaped. An additional clinical finding would be - | [
"Elevated domes of the diaphragm",
"Left ventricular hyperophy",
"Muffled hea sounds",
"Gynecomastia"
] | C | From the history and clinical findings,the patient is having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-emphysematous type.it is characterised by hyperinflation of lungs with low set diaphragm.Breath sounds are typically quiet.Right hea failure and cor pulmonale can occur in severe cases,evident as bilateral pitting pedal e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is related with 'Thanatology' in forensic medicine? | [
"Snakes",
"Poison",
"Death",
"Fingerprints"
] | C | Thanatology deals with death in all its aspects. The word "death" denotes the death of a human being. S.46, I.P.C.: Death denotes death of a human being unless the contrary appears from the context. Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Dr. K. S. Narayan Reddy, 27th edition, Page 119. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true regarding atrophic rhinitis except - | [
"More common in males",
"Crusts are seen",
"Anosmia is noticed",
"Young's operation is useful"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In normal immune system, the epithelioid cells are derived from: | [
"TH1",
"TH2",
"Macrophages",
"TH19"
] | C | Ref: Robbins Basic Pathology, E-book, P 85* Epithelioid cells are defined as cells that resemble epithelial cells (keratinocytes). They have large oval, pale, vesicular nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm.* The best-known epithelioid cells are those derived from macrophages within granulomas, but tumor cells can... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pathological feature of pyogenic granuloma | [
"Epitheloid cells",
"Cavernous hemangioma",
"Granulation tissue",
"Giant cells"
] | C | Pyogenic granulomas) are pedunculated masses usually found on the gingiva of children, young adults, and pregnant women. These lesions are richly vascular and typically are ulcerated, which gives them a red to purple color. In some cases, growth can be rapid and raise fear of a malignant neoplasm. However, histologic e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
MBBS student she was choking with dyspnea, chest tightness, anxiety and an impending sense of doom on examination all systemic conditions were found normal, then she went to psychiatry. What is the probable diagnosis of the condition? | [
"Panic disorder",
"Depression",
"Epilepsy",
"Asthma"
] | A | ANS - A. Panic disorderPanic disorder-severe anxiety with choking, chest pain and palpitations.Depression- low mood and lost interest in activitiesEpilepsy-neurological disorder with whole-body fatigue and muscle spasmsAn asthma-respiratory disorder associated with symptoms of cough, wheezing, etcRef: ARVIND ARORA revi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Codons are present in | [
"t-RNA",
"r-RNA",
"m-RNA",
"si-RNA"
] | C | A triplet sequence of nucleotides on the mRNA is the coson for each amino acid. The codons are on the mRNA. Each codon is a consecutive sequence of three bases on the mRNA , Eg : UUU codes for phenylalanine. Reference : DM.VASUDEVAN.TEXTBOOK SEVENTH EDITION ; PAGE NO : 598 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hormonal therapy used in breast cancer are: a) Danazol b) Cyproterone acetate c) Tamoxifen d) LHRH analogue e) Methotrexate | [
"ab",
"ae",
"ad",
"cd"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves to the normal heart can lead to complete inhibition of the SA node for several seconds. During that period: | [
"P waves would become larger",
"There would be fewer T waves than QRS complexes",
"There would be fewer P waves than T waves",
"There would be fewer QRS complexes than P waves"
] | C | Ans. C. There would be fewer P waves than T wavesa. When stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves to the normal heart leads to complete inhibition of the SA node for several seconds, nodal escape usually occurs.b. In this situation, pacemaker activity usually is taken over by cells in the AV node or bundle of His.c. Q... | train | med_mcqa | null |
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing involves which of the following DNA repair mechanisms? | [
"Base Excision Repair",
"Nucleotide Excision Repair",
"Non-Homologous End Joining",
"Mismatch Repair"
] | C | CRISPR The CRISPR system represents a form of acquired immunity to infection by bacteriophages, which complements the system of restriction endonucleases and methylases. CRISPR uses RNA-based targeting to bring the Cas9 nuclease to foreign (or any complementary)DNA. Within bacteria this CRISPR-RNA-Cas9 complex degrades... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Keratin filaments are joined to each other by | [
"Desmosomes",
"Merkel cells",
"Lamellar bodies",
"Filaggrin"
] | D | Keratohyaline granules in the granular layer contain Filaggrin molecules that bind keratin filaments to each other. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Primary function of cementum is | [
"Root formation",
"Attachment",
"Repair",
"Protection"
] | B | The primary function of cementum is to provide attachment of the tooth to alveolar bone socket through Sharpey’s fibres. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pavlov's experiment is an example of- | [
"Operant conditioning",
"Classical conditioning",
"Learned helplessness",
"Modeling"
] | B | Pavlov's experiment is an example of classical conditioning. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about oxytocin are all except | [
"Synthesized by paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus",
"Secreted by posterior pituitary",
"Causes uterine contraction of body",
"Causes contraction of upper segment"
] | D | Oxytocin is a hypothalamic hormone stored in and released from the posterior pituitary; it may also be prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of domestic animals. It acts as a powerful stimulant to the pregnant uterus, especially toward the end of gestation, and also causes milk to be expressed... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a case of Kala-azar aldehyde test becomes positive after - | [
"2 weeks",
"4 weeks",
"8 weeks",
"12 weeks"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Strawberry skin appearance of the nasal mucosa is seen in : | [
"Wegener's granulomatosis",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Kawasaki disease",
"Rhinosporidiosis"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) Sarcoidosis REF: Ballenger s otorhinolaryngology: head and neck surgery page 563, 522, Diseases of the sinuses: diagnosis and management By David W. Kennedy page 88 Strawberry skin & nasal mucosa: Sarcoidosis is above all a multisystem disorder that frequently involves upper respiratory tract. In the nose, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
There was a sudden increases in the size of thyroid swelling along with pain. Most likely cause is ? | [
"Hemorrhage within the cyst (Thyroid)",
"Malignant change",
"Nodular goiter",
"Colloid goiter"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hemorrhage within the cyst (thyroid) | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following features are present in acrocyanosis except : | [
"Tend to affect young female",
"Painless",
"Episodic",
"Accompained by chillbains"
] | C | Acrocyanosis Painless Not episodic. Tends to affect young women Mottled cyanosis of the fingers/toes Accompanied by paraesthesia and chilblains. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is a SERM useful for treatment of osteoporosis | [
"Raloxifen",
"Bisphoshonates",
"Strontium",
"Estradiol"
] | A | Refer Katzung 11/e p 759. Raloxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator with estrogen agonistic action on bone and antagonistic action on breast and endometrium It is therefore the preferred drug for the treatment and prevention of post menopausal osteoporosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Brunner's glands are seen in: | [
"Jejunum",
"Upper duodenum",
"Lower duodenum",
"Appendix"
] | B | An extensive array of compound mucous glands, called Brunner's glands, is located in the submucosa of the first few centimeters of the duodenum, mainly between the pylorus of the stomach and the papilla of Vater These glands secrete large amounts of alkaline (pH 9) mucus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following are hepatotoxic anesthetic agents except- | [
"Halothane",
"Chloroform",
"Ether",
"Propofol"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Propofol o Following are the groups of hepatotoxic anesthetic agents:i) Group I: Drugs with well known hepatotoxic potential and containing Chlorine or bromine. Eg: chloroform,ii) Group II: Drugs which contain fluorine Eg: halothane, methoxyflurane. o Desflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, ni... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False Negative Hydrostatic test in a live born foetus may be seen in: | [
"Atelectasis",
"Aificial Respiration",
"Emphysema",
"Putrefaction"
] | A | The hydrostatic test is false negative (the expanded lungs may sink) due to atelectasis, diseases like acute oedema, pneumonia, congenital syphilis, etc. Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology By Narayan Reddy, 27th Edition, Page 384 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Streptococcus is classified based on - | [
"M protein",
"Cultural characteristics",
"Bile solubility",
"Cell wall carbohydrate"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cell wall carbohydrate | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment for the child with frequent tapeworm infestation - | [
"Albendazole",
"Niclosamide",
"Praziquantel",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Albendazole; 'b' i.e., Niclosamide; 'c' i.e., Praziquantel | train | med_mcqa | null |
In POAG (primary open angle glaucoma) which is not seen – a) Horizontal cuppingb) Bayoneting sign (crossing of vessels)c) Macular oedemad) Dot sign | [
"a",
"bc",
"ad",
"ac"
] | D | Glaucomatous changes in optic disc
Early glaucomatous changes :- i) Vertically oval cup; ii)Assymmetry of cup; iii) Large cup with cup : disc ratio > 0.5 (normal 0.3 - 0.4); iv) Splinter hemorrhages; v) Pollar area on disc; vi) Atrophy of retinal nerve fibre layer.
Late glaucomatous changes :- i) Marked cupping (cup ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
How much luting agent is required for cementation of crown? | [
"3/4th filled slightly upto the margin",
"1/4th filled",
"1/2 filled",
"Full to prevent bubble"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tryptophan loading test is done to detect deficiency of: | [
"TPP",
"PLP",
"Biotin",
"Folate"
] | B | Tryptophan loading test detects xanthurenic acid in urine which indicates deficiency of Vitamin B6 i.e. PLP (Pyridoxal phosphate). In the absence of Vitamin B6 the excess of 3-OH-Kynurenine is conveed to Xanthurenic acid after given a load of tryptophan (see Fig below) Figure: Tryptophan catabolism pathway Note:- Histi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most radiosensitive tumor of the following is- | [
"Supraglottic Ca",
"Ca glottis",
"Ca nasopharynx",
"Subglottic ca"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following is NOT a feature of an exudate? | [
"Serum : Pleural Albumin ratio < 1.2mg/dl",
"Pleural fliud cholesterol > 55",
"Fluid : Serum Protein ratio > 0.5",
"Fluid : Serum LDH ratio > 0.6"
] | A | Answer- A. Serum : Pleural Albumin ratio < 1.2mg/dlPleural fliud cholesterol > 55Fluid : Serum Protein ratio > 0.5Fluid : Serum LDH ratio > 0.6 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Repeated use of halothane causes – | [
"Hepatitis",
"Pancreatitis",
"Encephalitis",
"Meningitis"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carcinoma cervix is caused by HPV : | [
"18, 21, 33",
"16, 18, 21",
"16, 18, 33",
"16, 21, 33"
] | C | 16, 18, 33 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Role of growth hormone in spermatogenesis | [
"Late division of spermatocytes",
"Early division of spermatogonia",
"Formation of acrosome",
"Stimulation of Seoli and Leydig cells"
] | B | Growth hormone (as well as most of the other body hormones) is necessary for controlling background metabolic functions of the testes. Growth hormone specifically promotes early division of the spermatogonia themselves; in its absence, as in pituitary dwarfs, spermatogenesis is severely deficient or absent, thus causin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about Vitamin k is: | [
"Vitamin K is water soluble",
"Vitamin K is essential for Fitzgerald factor",
"Vitamin K deficiency leads to thrombosis and pulmonary embolism",
"Vitamin K affects bone health by activating proteins that bind calcium"
] | A | Ref. Guyton. 13th edition. Page. 490
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a cofactor for the synthesis of blood coagulation Factors II, VII, IX and X, and inhibitors such as Protein C and S and bone matrix protein.
Its active form is a coenzyme in the glutamic acid carboxylation.
Vitamin K-dependent factors form enzymatic complexes... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Serotonin can be synthesized from | [
"Tryptophan",
"Trypsin",
"Dopa",
"Epinephrine"
] | A | In bacteria that synthesize tryptophan, high cellular levels of this amino acid activate a repressor protein, which binds to the trpoperon. Binding of this repressor to the tryptophan operon prevents transcription of downstream DNA that codes for the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan Refer kDT 7/e p170 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are autosomal dominant, except: | [
"Familial hypercholesterolemia",
"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia",
"Achondroplasia",
"Acute intermittent porphyria"
] | B | Ans. b. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Autosomal dominant "Very Powerful DOMINANT Humans" V- Von willibrands disease/ Von hippel lindau P - Pseudo hypoparathyroidism D - Dystrophia myotonica O - Osteogenesis imperfecta/Osler-weber-rendu M - Marfans syndrome I - Intermittent porphyria N - Neurofibramatosis A - Achondrop... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of femoral artery aneurysm | [
"Ultrasound guided compression of the neck of aneurysm",
"Thrombin injection",
"Bypass graft repair",
"All of the above"
] | D | Femoral and Popliteal artery aneurysms
Femoral and Popliteal artery aneurysms constitute about 90% of peripheral aneurysms. Femoral 20% and Popliteal 70%.
The majority of these aneurysms are the degenerative type.
More common in men. Popliteal artery aneurysms are almost always seen in men (97%)
More than 50% are bil... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hcg can be estimated earliest by : | [
"Radioimmunoassay",
"ELISA.",
"Radioreceptor assay",
"Bloassay"
] | A | Radioimmunoassay is more sensitive and can detect ss subunit of hCG up to 0.002 IU/ml in the serum. It can detect pregnancy as early as 8-9 days after ovulation. Reference:DC Dutta's Textbook of obstetrics,8th edition,page no:76<\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
In marfan syndrome the defect is in | [
"Fibrillin I",
"Fibrillin II",
"Collegen",
"Elastin"
] | A | In Marfan syndrome, a connective tissue disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance, the basic biochemical abnormality is a mutation affecting fibrillin. This glycoprotein, secreted by fibroblasts, is the major component of microfibrils found in the extracellular matrix. Microfibrils serve as scaffolding for the deposit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gelle's phenomenon is absent in - | [
"CSOM",
"Tympanosclerosis",
"Meniere's disease",
"Otosclerosis"
] | D | Gelle's test compares intensity of bone conducted tuning fork sound without and with raising pressure on the tympanic membrane with Siegel's speculum.Normally,Gelle's test is positive because intensity of hearing decreases when air pressure is raised in external auditory canal.In ossicular fixation or ossicular discont... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following does not contribute to the formation of anorectal ring in human beings? | [
"External anal sphincter",
"Puborectalis",
"Anococcygeal raphe",
"Internal anal sphincter"
] | C | Ans. c. Anococcygeal raphe (Ref: BDC 5/e Vot-III/p428; Maingot 11/e p 663)Anorectal ring is a muscular ring present at the anorectal junction. It is formed by the fusion of the Puborectalis, uppermost fibers of external sphincter and the internal sphincter.BDC says 'Anorectal ring is a muscular ring present at the anor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Graft is not taken up by the following tissue: March 2005 | [
"Fat",
"Muscle",
"Skull bone",
"Deep fascia"
] | C | Ans. C: Skull bone The use of Full Thickness Skin Grafts is contraindicated when the recipient bed, due to lack of reasonable vascular supply, cannot sustain the graft. Using an FTSG on avascular tissues, such as exposed bone or cailage, most often leads to graft necrosis unless the area is small (and allows the bridgi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria causing lung infections ? | [
"M. chelonae",
"M.fouitum",
"M.abscessus",
"M.kansasii"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., M.kansasii | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are involved in auditory pathway except ? | [
"Trapezoid body",
"Lateral geniculate body",
"Inferior colliculus",
"Superior olivary complex"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lateral geniculate body | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the best parameter for monitoring septic shock? | [
"Central venous pressure (CVP)",
"Vasopressor requirement",
"Urine output",
"Serum lactate"
] | D | Definitions of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock Sepsis category Sepsis-3 2001 Sepsis CMS Sep-1 Sepsis SOFA score> 2 + suspected infection 2 of 4 SIRS criteria + suspected infection 2 of 4 SIRS criteria + suspected infection Severe Sepsis Not applicable Sepsis + organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension Sep... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Apple jelly nodule in Nasal septum | [
"Syphilis",
"Leprosy",
"Lupus vulgaris",
"Wegener's Granulomatosis"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
For calculation of incidence denominator is taken as - | [
"Mid year population",
"Population at risk",
"Total number of cases",
"Total number of deaths"
] | B | ref: Park&;s 23rd edition pg 60 INCIDENCE= No. of new cases of specific disease during a given time period / population at risk during that period x 1000 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not found in cerebral palsy - | [
"Hypotonicity",
"Microcephaly",
"Ataxia",
"Flaccid paralysis"
] | B | Ans. is `b' i.e., Microcephaly | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which sign is a pansystolic mumur on deep inspiration ? | [
"Carvallo's sign",
"Muller's sign",
"Corrigan's sign",
"Duroziez sign"
] | A | ANSWER: (A) Carvallo's signREF: Harrisons 18th Ed Ch: 237See APPENDIX- 79 below HEART MURMURSSee previous question APPENDIX- 79HEART MURMURSREF: Harrison 18th ed chapter 8Early diastolicTimeConditionDescriptionEarly diastolicAortic regurgitationThe murmur is low intensity, high-pitched, best heard over the left sternal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to Sherrington model of decerebrate rigidity is characterised by all except | [
"Rigidity occurs all muscles of the body",
"Increased in the rate of discharge of the 'y' efferent neuron",
"Increased excitability of the motor neuron pool",
"Decerebration produces no phenomenon akin to spinal shock"
] | A | A key feature of this decerebrate animal was that when the dorsal roots of spinal cord were cut ( differentiation ) the rigidity disappeared, showing that the cause of rigidity was a hyperactive stretch reflex in the antigravity muscles. (REF: TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY GUYTON AND HALL, 12e Page no 779) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following constituents of amalgam alloy decreases expansion | [
"Copper",
"Zinc",
"Silver",
"Tin"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Given symbol signifies: | [
"Biohazard",
"Radiation hazard.",
"Waste management",
"None of the above."
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Weakest poion of Dermo- epidermal junction is | [
"Stratum Basale",
"Lamina Lucida",
"Lamina Densa",
"Lamina Fibroreticularis"
] | B | LAMINA LUCIDA * Electron-lucent zone under hemidesmosome on EM; weakest link of BMZ (Basement membrane zone). * Comprised of anchoring filaments (laminin-332), laminin-1, fibronectin, nidogen (entactin), uncein and poion of BPAG2. Anchoring Filaments :- * Delicate filaments emanating perpendicularly from HD(hemi-desmos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the % Body surface area involved in burns of the perineum? | [
"1%",
"3%",
"5%",
"9%"
] | A | Ans. (a) 1%Ref: Sabiston 19th ed. 1523Perineum involved in burns is 1% of body surface area. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A long a pleasant stimulus, noxious stimuli are given in the treatment of alcohol dependence or sexual disorder is which of the following type of behaviour therapy - | [
"Negative reinforcement",
"Aversive therapy",
"Punishment",
"Flooding"
] | B | Aversive stimulus (noxious stimulus) is given in both Aversion therapy and punishment. The difference is :-
Aversive therapy is a classical conditioning Aversive (noxious) stimulus is paired with pleasant stimulus (undesired behavior), i.e. noxious stimulus is given along with undesired behavior.
Punishment is an ope... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 43-year-old man has experienced progressive fatigue, pruritus, and icterus for 4 months. A colectomy was performed 5 years ago for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. On physical examination, he now has generalized jaundice. The abdomen is not distended; on palpation, there is no abdominal pain and there are no mass... | [
"Concentric \"onion-skin\" ductular fibrosis",
"Copper deposition in hepatocytes",
"Granulomatous bile duct destruction",
"Interface hepatitis"
] | A | The major targets in primary sclerosing cholangitis are intrahepatic bile ducts, and ulcerative colitis coexists in 70% of cases. Ducts undergo destructive cholangitis that leads eventually to periductal fibrosis and cholestatic jaundice. Eventually, cirrhosis and liver failure can occur. The copper deposition is chara... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of osteochondritis dessicans - | [
"Lateral part of the medial femoral condyle",
"Medial part of the medial femoral condyle",
"Lateral part of the lateral femoral condyle",
"Medial part of the lateral femoral condyle"
] | A | Osteochondritis dessicans involves lateral surface of medial femoral condyle. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mechanism of secretion of macro molecules by cell in the manner of fusion with vesicle is | [
"Phagocytosis",
"Pinocytosis",
"Exocytosis",
"Endocytosis"
] | A | (A) Phagocytosis # Phagocytosis:> Phagocytosis is the cellular process of phagocytes and protists of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome. Phagocytosis is a specific form of endocytosis involving the vesicular internalization of solid particles, such as bacteria, and is therefore... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of central precocious pubey in girls: | [
"Exogenous estrogen",
"Idiopathic",
"CNS tumor",
"Hypothyroidism"
] | B | - MCC of central precocious pubey in girls is Idiopathic. - Organic causes are more common in boys. - OTHER CAUSES: Infections - TB, meningitis Injuries - Trauma, neurosurgery, Radiotherapy Tumors - Hypothalamic hamaoma (Gelastic seizures)- MCC of organic central precocious pubey CNS malformations like arachnoid cyst ,... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma all except | [
"Chronic typhoid carrier",
"Chronic ulcerative colitis",
"Parasitic infestation",
"Choledocholithiasis"
] | D | Chronic typhoid carrier develops reccurent cholangitis which progresses to sclerosing cholangitis, with subsequent development of cholangiocarcinoma. Chronic ulcerative colitis is associated with sclerosing cholangitis which increases the risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma by 20 fold compared with normal population.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The triangle of pain is bordered by all of the following EXCEPT ? | [
"Iliopubic tract",
"Ductus deferens",
"Gonadal vessels",
"Reflected peritoneum"
] | B | The triangle of pain is a region bordered by the : iliopubic tract gonadal vessel reflected peritoneum It encompasses the lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral branch of the genitofemoral, and femoral nerves. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following agents are used to check sufficiency of a. Autoclaving b. Hydroclaving c. Microwaving | [
"a - Bacillus atrophaeus , b - Bacillus subtilis , c - Geobacillus stearothermophilus",
"a - Bacillus subtilis , b - Bacillus atrophaeus , c - Geobacillus stearothermophilus",
"a - Geobacillus stearothermophilus , b - Bacillus subtilis , c - Bacillus atrophaeus",
"a - Bacillus atrophaeus , b - Geobacillus ste... | C | Thermal methods Principle Agent used to check its sufficiency 1. Autoclaving - Steam under high temperature - Temperature used in India = 121oC, >45 min ; 15 psi Geobacillus stearothermophilus 2. Hydroclaving - Steam under pressure - Temperature used = 121oC or 132oC Bacillus subtilis 3. Microwaving - Generation of con... | train | med_mcqa | null |
At what cervical level spinal cord circumference is maximum | [
"C4",
"C5",
"C6",
"C7"
] | C | The cervical enlargement of spinal cord corresponds with the attachments of the large nerves which supply the upper limbs. It extends from about the third cervical to the second thoracic veebra, its maximum circumference (about 38 mm.) being on a level with the attachment of the sixth pair of cervical nerves. | train | med_mcqa | null |
For transplantation, cornea can be removed from dead body upto | [
"6 hours",
"12 hours",
"18 hours",
"24 hours"
] | A | Time of molecular death in different tissues varies with each tissue.
Maximum time of removal of organs for transplantation -
Brain 5-7 minutes
Liver 15 minutes
Kidney 45 minutes
Heart 60 minutes
Cornea 6 hours
Bone 48 hours
Vessels 72 hours | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are features of Ureaplasma urealyticum except ? | [
"Non gonococcal urethritis",
"Salpingitis",
"Epididymitis",
"Bacterial vaginosis"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Salpingitis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Stalicite growth is by: | [
"Yersenia",
"Mycoplasma",
"Diptheria",
"Clostridia"
] | A | Yersenia | train | med_mcqa | null |
Weight of the placenta and fetus are equal at: | [
"14 weeks",
"15 weeks",
"17 weeks",
"21 weeks"
] | C | In the first trimester, placental growth is more rapid than that of the fetus. But by approximately 17 weeks, placental and fetal weights are approximately equal. Ref:Williams Obs 24e pg 95. | train | med_mcqa | null |
High inguinal orchiectomy specimen showed teratoma testis with involvement of epididymis; stage is | [
"T\n1",
"T\n2",
"T\n3",
"T\n4\nb"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 34 years old male patient presents with symptoms of headache nausea and vomiting and intermittent focal seizures. On investigation patient is diagnosed to be suffering from neurocysticercosis. Antiparasitic drug used in the management of these patients are given for a duration of | [
"15 - 30 days",
"60 - 90 days",
"3 - 4 months",
"6 months"
] | A | Answer- A. 15 - 30 daysFor the treatment of patients with brain parenchl.mal cysticerci. most authorities or antiparasitic drugs, including albendazole (15 mdkgper dayforS-28 days) orpraziquantel (50-100 mdkgdailyinthree divideddoses for 15-30 days). | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 24 year old male presents to the clinic for routine checkup. On routine radiograph, supernumerary teeth are seen. General examination reveals hypermobility of shoulders and Gorlin sign is absent. What is the most probable diagnosis? | [
"Sturge Weber Syndrome",
"Marie-Sainton Disease",
"Hallerman-Streiff syndrome",
"Ehlers Danlos Syndrome"
] | B | Cleidocranial Dysplasia (Marie and Sainton’s disease, Scheuthauer-Marie-Sainton syndrome, mutational dysostosis)
Absence of clavicle causes unusual mobility of the shoulders with the tendency of the patients to bring their shoulders forward till they meet in the midline. Cleidocranial dysplasia is a syndrome of unknown... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drug should not be given in a patient with a acute angle closure glauocoma | [
"Pilocarpine",
"Clozapine",
"Fluphenazine",
"Paroxetine"
] | B | ref; KD Tripathi Pharmacology 7th edition(page no;441) Katzung 10/e p461 clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics have weak D2 blocking action and significant 5-HT2 and a1 blocking action. Alpha receptor blockade can precipitate glaucoma by causing pupil dilation. apraclonidine, brimonidine are alpha agonists used i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The diaphragm given below depicts _________ | [
"Bakri balloon",
"Intra amniotic saline instillation",
"Sengstaken blakemore tube",
"Condom catheter"
] | A | The diaphragm given above depicts a Bakri Balloon. A Bakri postpaum balloon may be inseed and inflated to tamponade the endometrial cavity The maximum filling volume is 500 ml Sengstaken blakemore tube: Ref: Williams Obstetrics 24th edition Pgno: 789 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Charcot Leyden crystal in stool in seen in: | [
"Amoedbic dysentery",
"bacillary dysentery",
"Shigella",
"bacillus cereus"
] | A | Ans. a. Amoebic dysentery | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sampson's Theory proposed to explain endometriosis is | [
"Embolization of menstrual fragments through lymphatic channels.",
"Metaplastic changes in embryonal cell rests.",
"Reflux of menstrual endometrium.",
"Histogenesis by induction."
] | C | Sampson's theory: Reflux of menstrual endometrium through fallopian tubes causes endometriosis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following acts commonly both on parasympathetic and sympathetic division ? | [
"Atropine",
"Pilocarpine",
"Acetylcholine",
"Adrenaline"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the best method for confirming amyloidosis | [
"Colonoscopy",
"Sigmoidoscopy",
"Rectal biopsy",
"Tongue biopsy"
] | C | Ref Robbins 9/e p262 Amyloidosis may be an unsuspected finding at autopsy in a patient who has no apparent related clinical manifesta- tions, or it may be responsible for serious clinical dysfunc- tion and even death. The clinical course depends on the paicular sites or organs affected and the severity of the involveme... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Procidentiawhich of the following is true? | [
"Uterus and cervix in vagina",
"Uterus in vagina cervix outside the introitus",
"Both uterus and vagina outside the introitus",
"None of the above"
] | C | Ans is 'c' i.e., Both uterus and vagina outside the introitusUterine descentDescent of the cervix into the vagina.Descent of the cervix up to the introitus.Descent of the cervix outside the introitus.Procidentia - All of the uterus outside the introitusProcidentia: Procidentia refers to the complete prolapse beyond the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child presents with unilateral propotosis which is compressible and increases on bending forwards. It is non-pulsatile and has no thrill or bruit. MRI shows retroorbital mass with ecogenic shadows (with enhancement). The most probable diagnosis is: | [
"Neurofibromatosis",
"Orbital varix",
"Orbital A-V fstula",
"Orbital encephalocele"
] | B | B i.e. Orbital varix | train | med_mcqa | null |
Alternative drug for cardiac arrest in place of epinephrine that has been removed from the AHA/ACLS Cardiac arrest Algorithm? | [
"Amiodarone",
"Atropine",
"Vasopressin",
"Adenosine"
] | C | Although VAsopressin is an effective alternative to Epinephrine, it has been removed from the AHA/ACLS Cardiac Arrest Algorithm (to simplify the algorithm) since its 2015 Update. Vasopressin in AHA ACLS Cardiac Arrest Algorithm Since 2015 Update: Vasopressin has been removed from the AHA ACLS Cardiac arrest Algorithm a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Incidence of preterm delivery in twin pregnancy is | [
"25%",
"50%",
"75%",
"100%"
] | B | Incidence of preterm in twin pregnancy is 50% Mean gestational age for twins is 37weeks Causes of prematurity: Overdistention of uterus Hydromnios Premature rupture of membranes Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 193. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anti Ul-RNP antibody is seen in? | [
"SLE",
"Scleroderma",
"MCTD",
"Derniatomyositis"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., MCTDo Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is characterized serologically by high titers of antibodies to ribonucleoprotein paicle-containing Ul ribonucleoprotein (Anti-Ul RNP) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lamina cribrosa is absent in - | [
"Morning glory syndrome",
"Nanophthalmia",
"Colobama of retina",
"Optic nerve agenesis"
] | A | The nerve fibers forming the optic nerve exit the eye posteriorly through a hole in the sclera that is occupied by a mesh-like structure called the lamina cribrosa. It is formed by a multilayered network of collagen fibers that inse into the scleral canal wall. It is absent in morning glory syndrome. Ref khurana 6/e | train | med_mcqa | null |
Doppler ultrasound in pregnancy is useful to detect all of the following , except; | [
"Cardiovascular malformation",
"Placental vascular anomalies like Vasa Pre",
"Abdominal masses",
"IUGR"
] | C | Color Doppler evaluation in pregnancy Echocardiography is done for:Systemic veins (vena cavae and ductus venosus)Pulmonary veinsForamen ovaleAtrioventricular valvesAtrial and ventricular septaeAoic and pulmonary valvesDuctus aeriosusAoic archUmbilical aery and vein Doppler is also used for calculating the umblical aery... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is differential diagnosis for thrombotic microangiopathic anemia? | [
"Sepsis",
"Hemolytic uremic syndrome",
"MI",
"Eclampsia"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Twitch of a single motor unit is called | [
"Myoclonic jerk",
"Fasciculation",
"Tremor",
"Fibrillation"
] | B | Contraction of a single muscle fiber is called fibrillation.Involuntary contractions of individual motor units are termed as fasciculations.Ref: Robbin&;s&; 9th edition; Chapter 28 The Central Nervous System | train | med_mcqa | null |
A female in the emergency depament is found to have CSF rhinorrhea following a motor vehicle accident. What is the first line of treatment for CSF rhinorrhoea in this patient? | [
"Immediate plugging of nose with petroleum gauze",
"Forceful blowing of nose",
"Craniotomy",
"Observation for 7 - 10 days with antibiotic therapy"
] | D | Early cases of post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhea are managed conservatively by placing the patient in semi-sitting position, avoiding blowing of nose, sneezing and straining. Prophylactic antibiotics are also administered to prevent meningitis. Persistent cases of CSF rhinorrhoea are treated surgically through nasal endosc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is caused by | [
"EBV",
"Papilloma virus",
"Parvo virus",
"Adeno virus"
] | A | AETIOLOGY The exact aetiology is not known. The factors responsible are: 1. Genetic. Chinese have a higher genetic susceptibility 2. Viral. Epstein-Barr (EB) virus is closely associated with nasopharyngeal cancer. EB virus has two impoant antigens: viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA). IgA antibodies of EA... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Another name for oral thrush is ? | [
"Candidiasis",
"Herpangina",
"Vincent's infection",
"Hand foot and mouth disease"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Candidiasis Oral thrush Also called: oral candidiasis It is the fungal infection of the oral cavity. It is caused by candida albicans. It manifests as greyish white patches on the oral mucosa and tongue.\\When wiped off it leaves an erythematous mucosa. This is more common in infants and children. Adu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Samters triad is seen in patients with ? | [
"Asthma",
"Chronic pancreatitis",
"Crohn's disease",
"Liver cell carcinoma"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Asthma Samter's triad Samter's triad is a medical condition consisting of asthma, aspirin sensitivity, and nasal/ethmoidal polyposis. It occurs in middle age (twenties and thiies are the most common onset times) and may not include any allergies. Most commonly, the first symptom is rhinitis. The disor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following effects are seen with cocaine except | [
"Black pigmentation of tongue",
"Nasal septal perforation",
"Freebasing",
"Sympatholytic effect"
] | D | Cocaine is a kind of sympathomimetic, produce vasoconstriction It acts as local anaesthetic .inhibits the reuptake of neurotransmitters Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg. 345 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inverse agonist of BZD | [
"Beta-carboline",
"Bicuculine",
"Baclofen",
"Diazepam"
] | A | beta carboline is an inverse agonist of BDZ . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not true for renal cell carcinoma: March 2011 | [
"Progesterone increases tumour size",
"Spreads through blood",
"Clear cell carcinoma is the common histological type",
"Commoner in males"
] | A | Ans. A : Progesterone increase tumour size Renal adenocarcinoma is twice as common in males as in females; Microscopically 'clear cell carcinomas' are more common than 'granular cell' tumours There is early spread of the tumour into the renal pelvis and along the renal vein, often extending into the IVC RCC/ hypernephr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hanging is established by : | [
"Fracture of hyoid cailage",
"Fracture of thyroid cailage",
"Staining of saliva",
"All"
] | C | C i.e. Staining of saliva | train | med_mcqa | null |
Microalbumiuria refers to urinary albumin excretion rate of: March 2004 | [
"30-300 mg/ day",
"400-600 mg/ day",
"700-900 mg/ day",
"Less than 100 mg/ day"
] | A | Ans. A i.e. 30-300 mg/ day | train | med_mcqa | null |
Absence of pulp chambers is seen in | [
"Craniofacial dysostosis",
"Dentinogenesis imperfecta",
"Amelogenesis imperfecta",
"Any of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the normal human right eye, the peripheral field of vision is usually least: | [
"On the left side (nasally)",
"In the downward direction",
"In the upward direction",
"On the right side (temporally)"
] | C | The field of vision is 50 degree superiorly, 60 degree nasally, 70 degree inferiorly and 90 degree temporally. Ref: Textbook of Ophthalmology By Nema, 3rd Edition, Page 73; Comprehensive Ophthalmology By AK Khurana, 2nd Edition, Page 37 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inner ear bony labyrinth is - | [
"Strongest bone in the body",
"Cancellous bone",
"Laminar bone",
"Membranous bone"
] | C | Bony labyrinth is an example of cartilaginous bone | train | med_mcqa | null |
Wavelength of ND: Yag laser: | [
"1040 nm",
"1040 mm",
"1040 cm",
"1040 m"
] | A | Ans. 1040 nm | train | med_mcqa | null |
What will be the effect on respiration if a transmission is made between the pons & medulla | [
"Apnoea",
"Irregular & gasping",
"No effect",
"Slow & deep"
] | B | B i.e. Irregular and gasping The main component of respiratory control pattern generator responsible for automatic respiration are located in the medulla. After transection of brain stem at inferior border of pons spontaneous respiration continues, albeit somewhat irregular and gasping.Q Whereas, transection at mid (up... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM), false in management | [
"SAM with severe edema should be hospitalised",
"SAM with good appetite should be hospitalised",
"SAM with poor appetite should be treated in OPD",
"Decision of transfer from in patient to out patient care depends upon specific mid-Upper arm circumference value"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Decision of transfer from in patient to out patient care depends upon specific mid-Upper arm circumference value | train | med_mcqa | null |
The term post traumatic epilepsy refers to seizures occurring | [
"Within moments of head injury.",
"Within 7 days of head injury.",
"Within several weeks to months after head injury.",
"Many years after head injury."
] | C | Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a recurrent seizure disorder that apparently results from injury to the brain. This injury may be due to multiple types of head insults often labled traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is an increase in PTE due to increasing TBI. PTE must be differentiated from posttraumatic seizures (PT... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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