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Shoulder pain post laparoscopy is due to: | [
"Subphrenic abscess",
"CO2 retention",
"Positioning of the patient",
"Compression of the lung"
] | B | CO2 retention [Ref: J Shoulder pain is although a minor complication is exceedingly common and is due to the presence of a significant amount of residual carbon dioxide in the peritoneal cavity, trapped under the diaphragm and causing irritation of the diaphragm and thus referred pain to the shoulder through the phreni... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about hyponatremia are true, except: | [
"Pseudohyponatremia is associated with low plasma osmolality",
"Hyponatremia associated with hyperglycemia has high plasma osmolality",
"Hyponatremia associated with SIADH is normovolemic",
"NSAIDs increase the potency of vasopressin"
] | A | Pseudohyponatremia is associated with normal serum osmolarity. In this condition the aqueous fraction of plasma is decreased and the paiculate fraction is increased. This can result from hyperlipidemia (TG>1500mg/dl), hypercholesterolemia or hyperprotenemia (as in multiple myeloma, waldenstroms macroglobulinemia, admin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In case of xeropthalmia secondary to Vitamin A deficiency, what does X2 indicate according to WHO: | [
"Conjunctival xerosis",
"Bitot's spot",
"Corneal xerosis",
"Corneal ulcer"
] | C | Ans.(c) Corneal xerosisRef: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. /468* Xeropthalmia: all the ocular manifestation of Vitamin A deficiency.* First clinical sign of Vitamin A deficiency: Conjunctival Xerosis* First clinical symptom of vitamin A deficiency: Night blindnessWHO Classification of XeropthalmiaCLASSSIGNSX1AConjunctival xerosi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subdural hematoma most commonly results from – | [
"Rupture of intracranial aneurysm",
"Rupture of cerebral AVM",
"Injury to cortical bridging veins",
"Hemophilia"
] | C | Subdural hematoma → Injury to cortical bridging veins
Epidural hematoma → Injury to the middle meningeal artery
Subarachnoid hemorrhage → Rupture of berry (saccular) aneurysm | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following are the ocular association of retinitis pigmentosa except: | [
"Myopia",
"Primary angle closure glaucoma",
"Microphthalmos",
"Conical cornea"
] | B | Ans. Primary angle closure glaucoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following conditions may show Mallory Hyaline changes except - | [
"Wilson disease",
"Indian childhood cirrhosis",
"Primary biliary cirrhosis",
"Hepatitis E"
] | D | Causes of Mallory hyaline include :
Alcoholic liver disease
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Indian childhood cirrhosis
Wilson's disease
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Chronic cholestatic syndrome
α1 - antitrypsin deficiency | train | med_mcqa | null |
In left sided massive pneumothorax, ECG shows all, except- | [
"Left axis detion",
"Absent R wave",
"Peaked P wave",
"Precordial T wave inversion"
] | A | Abnormal left axis detion in left-sided pneumothorax. Relevant QRS abnormalities (incomplete RBBB and T-wave inversion) in(10%). QRS amplitude in V2-V6 leads was significantly decreased in left-sided pneumothorax. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1546 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lithium should be Stopped how many days before surgery | [
"1 days",
"2 days",
"3 days",
"4 days"
] | C | Lithium should be stopped around 48-72 hrs before surgery. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Whole hand burns represent what percentage of total body surface area: | [
"1%",
"9%",
"18%",
"27%"
] | A | Ans: A i.e. 1% Percentage of burns The patients whole hand is 1% TBSA, and is a useful guide in small burns Each upper limb and head & neck is 9% as per rule of nine Each lower limb & torso, each side is 18% | train | med_mcqa | null |
A new drug does not prevents a disease from occurring but reduce death due to that disease. Which of the following is true: March 2005, March 2013 (b) | [
"It will increase the incidence and prevalence",
"It will decrease the incidence and prevalence",
"Prevalence is increased",
"Incidence is increased"
] | C | Ans. C: Prevalence is increased In epidemiology, the prevalence of a disease in a statistical population is defined as the total number of cases of the disease in the population at a given time, or the total number of cases in the population, divided by the number of individuals in the population. It is used as an esti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Probiotics are useful for | [
"Necrotizing enterocolitis",
"Breast milk jaundice",
"Hospital acquired pneumonia",
"Neonatal seizures"
] | A | Probiotics are live bacteria or yeast that are good for health, especially digestive system. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are common probiotics. They treat the ceain condition like 1. Irritable bowel syndrome 2. Inflammatory bowel disease 3. Infectious diarrhoea ( by viruses, bacteria, parasite) 4. Antibiotic-rela... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Verocay bodies are seen in - | [
"Meningioma",
"Glioma",
"Medulloblastoma",
"Schwannoma"
] | D | . Schwannoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Laser welding: | [
"Involves high heat generation",
"Can be done with pure titanium",
"Is not used in dentistry",
"Can he done with pure gold"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is true? | [
"It is a form of active transport",
"It requires a carrier protein",
"Rate of transport is proportionate to the concentration gradient",
"Requires creatine phosphate"
] | B | Ans. (b) It requires a carrier proteinIf Diffusion happens without energy but with the help of carrier protein, it's called facilitated diffusionOne good example of a substance that use facilitated diffusion carrier protein is GLUCOSE transport using Glucose Transporters (GLUT) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rheumatoid factor is - | [
"IgG",
"IgM",
"IgD",
"IgE"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is false regarding cell free DNA | [
"Detected in maternal blood",
"Prenatal diagnosis of Down's syndrome can be made",
"Used for liquid biopsy",
"It is one of the invasive techniques for prenatal diagnosis of certain genetic diseases"
] | D | Prenatal diagnosis can be made by invasive and non invasive techniques.
Invasive techniques include aminocentesis, chorionic villous sampling, cord blood sampling. Cell free DNA is a non invasive method. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35-year-old male presented with nasal discharge, facial pain and fever which persisted with several courses of antibiotics and antihistaminics over a period of 3 months. On nasal endoscopy mucopurulent discharge from middle meatus and inflamed sinus openings seen. His NCCT nose and PNS is given below. He should be be... | [
"Repeated antral washout",
"Functional endoscopic sinus surgery",
"Caldwell-Luc operation",
"Lynch Howarth operation"
] | B | (b) Functional endoscopic sinus surgery(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 1; 1072)NCCT shows left maxillary sinus (asterisk) haziness s/o sinusitis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ovulation occurs | [
"After 14 days of menstruation",
"Before 14 days of menstruation",
"After 16 days of menstruation",
"Before 16days of menstruation"
] | B | (Before 14 days of the menstruation) (27- Shaw's 14th)Ovulation is estimated to occur 14 days before the first days of the succeeding cycle* Ovulation occurs when the ovum surrounded by the corona radiata escapes out of the graffian follicle. It is quickly picked up by the tubal fimbria which hugs the ovary at ovulatio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Middle path regimen is used in the treatment of | [
"TB Spine",
"TB Hip",
"TB Knee",
"TB Meningitis"
] | A | Middle path regimen is used in the treatment of SPINAL TB. 1)Drugs (ATT) 2)Surgery: INDICATIONS: 1)Defaulter 2)Relapses 3)Resistance 4)Compression over vital structure. Surgery done is amterolateral decompression with coical rib/fibular stut grafting. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carcinoid syndrome produces valvular disease primarily involving | [
"Pulmonary valves",
"Tricuspid valves",
"Mitral valve",
"Aortic valve"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most commonly used NSAIDs in Rheumatic fever ? | [
"Indomethacin",
"Phenylbutazone",
"Aspirin",
"Rofecoxib"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Aspirin(Ref: Textbook of clinical pediatrics p' 729)Treatment of Rheumatic fever:Drug of choice for treatment of RF is penicillin.Erythromycin is the drug of choice in penicillin allergic patient.Suppressive therapy:Coicosteroids or aspirin are given for suppressive therapy. Coicosteroids are indicate... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Goblet cells secrete | [
"HCI",
"Pepsin",
"Mucus",
"Serolonin"
] | C | Apa from comprising the epithelial lining of various organs, production of large glycoproteins and carbohydrates, the most impoant function of goblet cells is the secretion of mucus. This mucus is a gel-like substance that is composed mainly of mucins, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates.Ref: <a href=" | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding Modified duke’s criteria for Infective endocarditis, all are true except | [
"Positive blood culture for typical Infective endocarditis organisms from2 separate blood cultures",
"2 positive cultures from samples drawn atleast 12 hours apart.",
"Single positive blood culture positive for staphylococcus aureus",
"Phase 1 IgG antibody titer>1:800"
] | C | Single positive blood culture positive for coxiella burnetti is one of the criteria for diagnosis of Infective endocarditis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sperm capacitation occurs in - | [
"Cervix",
"Fallopian tubes",
"Uterus",
"Vagina"
] | B | Ans is 'b' i.e., Fallopian tubes Fallopian tune is the main site o 1% of sperms deposited in the vagina enter the cervix o Movement of sperm from the cervix to the uterine tube occurs by muscular contractions of the uterus and uterine tube and very little by their own propulsion. o Spermatozoa are not able to fertilize... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The smell of bitter almonds is seen in poisoning with | [
"Phosphorus",
"Hydrocyanic acid",
"Nitric acid",
"Oxalic acid"
] | B | Cyanide sometimes is described as having a "bitter almond" smell Garlic odor: Thallium Organophosphate Toxicity Arsenic Poisoning Dimethyl Sulfoxide Sulfur Mustard Phosphite Ref: Krishan Vij textbook of forensic medicine, 5th edition pg : 554 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The crystalline lens derives its nourishment from - | [
"Blood vessels",
"Connective tissue",
"Aqueous and vitreous",
"Zonules"
] | C | The crystalline lens, being avascular structure is dependent for its metabolism on chemical exchanges with the aqueous humour. Some nutrition is also derived from the vitreous humour, but it is much less than that derived from aqueous humour. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following does not belong to Wermer's syndrome? | [
"Pheochromocytoma",
"Parathyroid hyperplasia",
"Prolactinoma",
"Pancreatic hyperplasia"
] | A | MEN 1 / Wermer's syndrome :
Parathyroid hyperplasia / adenoma.
Pitutary hyperplasia - Prolactinoma.
Pancreatic hyperplasia - Gastrinoma > Insulinoma > Glucagonoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 9 year old girl presents with menarche. History reveals thelarche at the age of 7 years and adrenarche at the age of 8 years- the M/C cause of this condition in girls is: | [
"Idiopathic",
"Gonadal tumor",
"Mc cure albright syndrome",
"Hypothyroidism"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Major end product of beta oxidation of odd chain fatty acids: | [
"Propionyl CoA",
"Succinyl CoA",
"Acetyl CoA",
"Malonyl CoA"
] | C | Odd chain fatty acid on beta-oxidation Give many Acetyl CoA (released at every step) and only 1 Propionyl CoA. In 17 C fatty acid ( odd chain ) , when it's broken down , 7 molecules of acetyl CoA ( 14 C)and 1 molecule of propionyl CoA (3C) are obtained So, major end product is Acetyl CoA whereas Propionyl CoA is a mino... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about MMC (Migrating Motor Complex) is: | [
"Once in 90 minutes",
"Occurs in post-absorptive stage",
"Phase 1 shows irregular contractions",
"Motilin decreases MMC contraction"
] | B | Migrating Motor Complex: House keeper of intestine, Clears the debris in post-absorptive phase Once in 90 minutes 3 phases: 1. Phase 1- 70 mins, quiescent phase, only slow waves 2. Phase 2- 10-15 mins, irregular contractions 3. Phase 3- 5-10 mins Motilin: Hormone that strengthens the MMC contraction Erythromycin binds ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The weight of the upper limb is transmitted to the axial skeleton by | [
"Costoclavicular ligament",
"Coracoacromial ligament",
"Coracoclavicular ligament",
"Coracohumeral ligament"
] | A | The weight of the upper limb is transmitted to the axial skeleton by Costoclavicular ligament The weight of the upper limb is transmitted as follows: Upper limb to Coracoclavicular ligament to Clavicle to Costoclavicular ligament to Axial skeleton. Ref: Gray's Anatomy The Anatomical Basics of Clinical Practice 41e pg 8... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The current imaging technique of choice for the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole is : | [
"Computed tomography",
"Ultrasonography",
"Plain X-ray abdomen",
"Magneic resonance imaging"
] | B | Ultrasonography | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lynch howarth procedure is not used for | [
"To drain frontal mucocele",
"To remove frontal osteoma",
"To repair CSF leak",
"To treat epistaxis"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Steven-Johnson syndrome involves | [
"Type I hypersensitivity reaction",
"Type II hypersensitivity reaction",
"Type III hypersensitivity reaction",
"Type IV hypersensitivity reaction"
] | C | Both erythema multiformae and steven Johnson syndrome are due to deposition of immune complexes in the superficial microvasculature of skin and mucosa. These immune complex diseases are mediated through type III hypersensitivity reaction. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The long and sho arms of chromosomes are designated respectively as: | [
"p and q arms",
"m and q arms",
"q and p arms",
"l and s arms"
] | C | C i.e. q and p armsThe sho arm of chromosome is desingated as 'p' (for petit) and the long arm is refered to as 'q' (the next letter of alphabet) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not an example of cellular adhesion molecules? | [
"Integrin",
"Cadherin",
"Selectin",
"None of the above"
] | D | Nomenclature in the CAM field is somewhat chaotic, paly because the field is growing so rapidly and paly because of the extensive use of acronyms, as in other areas of modern biology. However, the CAMs can be divided into four broad families: (1) integrins, heterodimers that bind to various receptors; (2) adhesion mole... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following liver tumor had a propensity to invade the poal or hepatic vein | [
"Cavernous hemangioma",
"Hepatocellular carcinoma",
"Focal nodular hyperplasia",
"Hepatic adenoma"
] | B | HCC derive its blood supply from hepatic aery HCC is characterized by being hyper dense on the aerial phase of contrast imaging, meaning that they have more aerial perfusion Aerial perfusion of HCC also allows for treatment of the lesion embolization of feeding aery Characteristic of HCC : Propensity to invade the poal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following structures are homologous except | [
"Labia majora - Scrotum and Penile urethra duct",
"Labia minora - Ventral aspect of penis",
"Epoophoron - Caudal end of wolffian duct",
"Clitoris - Glans penis"
] | C | The epoophoron also known as organ of Rosenmuller, represents the cranial end of Wolffian duct. It consists of series of veical tubules in the mesovarium and mesosalpinx between the fallopian tube above and ovary below SHAW&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY,Pg no:12,15th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Desquamative gingivitis represents oral manifestations of all of the following except: | [
"Erosive lichen planus.",
"Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid.",
"Erythema multiformae.",
"Pemphigus."
] | C | Desquamative gingivitis represents oral manifestations of various diseases like
Lichen planus (Erosive or atrophic form),
Cicatrial pemphigoid or Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid
pemphigus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are markers of acute kidney injury except? | [
"Clusterin",
"Osteopontin",
"Alanine aminopeptidase",
"Acid phosphatase"
] | D | Acid phosphatase is NOT a marker of AKI, instead, it is alkaline phosphatase. * List of markers for AKI 1. Alanine aminopeptidase 2. Alkaline phosphatase 3. Glutamyl transpeptidase 4. Glutamyl S transferase 5. Alpha 1 microglobulin 6. Beta 2 microglobulin 7. Kidney injury molecule 8. Osteopontin 9. Clusterin 10. Neutro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the most impoant lesion produced in chromosomal DNA by exposure to ionizing radiation? | [
"A break on one DNA strand ('single-strand break')",
"Well-separated breaks on both DNA strands",
"Breaks on both DNA strands which are opposite each other or separated by only a few bases ('double-strand break')",
"Multiple breaks on the same DNA strand"
] | C | In intact DNA, single strand breaks (SSBs) are of little biologic consequence because they are repaired readily using the opposite strand as a template. If the repair is incorrect (misrepair), it may result in a mutation. If both strands of the DNA are broken and the breaks are well separated, repair again occurs readi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not true about the indication of exchange transfusion? (Not a criteria for exchange transfusion) | [
"Cord bilirubin is 5 mg% or more",
"Cord Hb is 10 mg% or less",
"Rate of bilirubin increase is > 0.5 mg%",
"Total bilirubin 10 mg/dl"
] | D | Double volume exchange transfusion (DVET) should be performed if the total serum bilirubin(TSB) levels reach to age-specific cut off for the same. For < 28 wk gestation, TSB cut off is 11-14 mg/dl. For 28 to 29 wks, 30 to 31 wks and 32 to 33gestation, cut off is 12-14, 13 - 16 and 15-18 mg/dl respectively. For 34 wks o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The dosage of Vitamin A in keratomalacia in a 2 year old boy who is 12 kg weight is | [
"Vitamin A :2 lakh IU, oral, 1st, 2nd and 14th day",
"Vitamin A :2 lakh IU, oral , 1st, 2nd and 3rd day",
"Vitamin A :1 lakh IU, oral, 1st, 2nd and 14th day",
"Vitamin A :1 lakh IU, oral, 1st, 2nd and 3rd day"
] | A | Xerophthalmia:- * Spectrum of ocular disease ranging from night blindness to corneal melting caused by vitamin A deficiency. Who Classification of Xerophthalmia: - XN:- Night blindness X1A:- Conjunctival xerosis X1B:- Bitot's spots X2:- Corneal xerosis X3A:- Corneal ulceration- keratomalacia involving one- third/ less ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 48 years male patient, victim of RTA presents to emergency room. Primary survey of this trauma patient includes all the following except | [
"Measuring BP",
"Exposing body to rule out injuries",
"CT Abdomen for bleeder identification",
"Checking airway"
] | C | Ans. (c) CT Abdomen for bleeder identificationRef: Schwartz principles of surgery, 10th ed; pg. 161-165Primary Survey* Airway with Cervical spine protection* Breathing and Ventilation* Circulation and hemorrhage control* Disability: Neurologic status* Exposure/Environment control: completely undress the patient; contro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding cystic disease of breast which one is true: | [
"Common in 25 years of age",
"Excision is the treatment",
"may turn into malignant",
"Aspiration is the treatment"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' ie Aspiration is the t/t Cysts are considered foremost among all of the benign histological changes in the breast. They occur most commonly in the last decade of reproductive life due to a nonintegrated involution of stroma and epithelium. Remember, cysts are one of the many features seen in ANDI (Aberratio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common subtype of thyroid cancer is ? | [
"Medullary carcinoma",
"Papillary carcinoma",
"Follicular carcinoma",
"Anaplastic carcinoma"
] | B | Papillary Carcinoma is the most common subtype. It is 70-80% common. Common in females and younger age group. It is a slowly progressive and less aggressive tumor. Reference: SRB's Manual of Surgery, 6th Edition, page no= 468. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Post operatively wound dehiscence occurs between | [
"1-2 days",
"3-5 days",
"5-8 days",
"8-12 days"
] | C | Wound dehiscence is disruption of any or all of the layers in a wound. Wound dehiscence most commonly occurs from the fifth to the eighth postoperative day when the strength of the wound is at its weakest.Risk factors in wound dehiscenceGeneralLocal MalnourishmentDiabetesObesityRenal failureJaundiceSepsisCancerTreatmen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lymphatic drainage of the cervix occurs by all of the following lymph nodes, EXCEPT? | [
"Parameterial lymph nodes",
"Deep inguinal lymph nodes",
"Obturator lymph nodes",
"Ext. iliac lymph nodes"
] | B | Principal nodes involved in the lymphatic drainage of cervix are the obturator, common iliac, external iliac, internal iliac and the nodes of parametrium. Lymphatics from cervix do not drain into the deep iuguinal lymph nodes. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Isotope of iodine used in treatment for brachytherapy of prostate carcinoma? | [
"I-127",
"I-125",
"I-131",
"I-124"
] | B | Isotopes in medicine: I 131 I 125 I 124 I 123 T1/2 8 DAYS 60 DAYS 4 DAYS 13 HOURS USES RADIOABLATION SYSTEMIC OF THYROID CANCER BRACHYTHERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER RADIOIMMUNOASSAY POSITRON EMITTER PET SCAN THYROID SCINTIGRAPHY Point to be remembered: ISOTOPE USED FOR TREATING PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID IS IODINE-131... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Phospholipids are ? | [
"Simple lipids",
"Derived lipids",
"Complex lipids",
"None"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Complex lipidsThe most commonly used classification of lipids is Bloor's classification which is based on the chemical composition. According to this classification lipids are classified as follows :?A) Simple lipids:- These are esters of fatty acids with glycerol or other higher alcohol. These includ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
With ageing, a slight decrease in cognitive impairment is seen due to increase in level of: | [
"Methionine",
"Cysteine",
"Homocysteine",
"Taurine"
] | C | Homocysteine and Dementia
Homocysteine is an amino acid that has been shown to have direct and indirect neurotoxic effects in vitro at high concentrations.
Several observational studies have consistently shown cross-sectional association between high levels of serum homocysteine levels and impaired cognitive function ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is associated with all of the following conditions, except: | [
"Aplastic anemia",
"Increased LAP scores",
"Venous thrombosis",
"Iron deficiency anemia"
] | B | In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, neutrophils express reduced leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, which is a GPI linked protein. This is because in PNH there is mutation of phosphatidylinositol glycan class A(PIGA). Mutation in PIGA result in impaired linkage of proteins with glycosyl phosphatidylinositol, thereby re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Barr body is absent in female having ? | [
"46 XX genome",
"45 X0 genome",
"47 XXX",
"All of above"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 45 X0 genome Barr body (Sex - chromatin) o It is a densely staining inactivated condensed 'X' chromosome that is present in each somatic cells of female. o It is found in the nucleus. o It is used as a test of genetic femaleness it is possible to determine the genetic sex of an individual according as... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is/are the products (s) of lipoxygenase pathway - | [
"PG",
"TXSA2",
"Leukotrienes",
"Prostacyclin"
] | C | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 9th edition. *pg 46 metabolites cyclo-oxigenase pathway- prostaglandins,thromboxane A2 ,prostacyclin. *metabolites lipo-oxigenase pathway:5-HETE, leukotrienes,lipoxins. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about 'non-shivering thermogenesis' EXCEPT? | [
"It is due to the presence of brown fat",
"Release of norepinephrine uncouples beta oxidation in fat",
"Brown fat does not have sympathetic innervation",
"Axillae, nape of neck & interscapular areas are rich in brown fat"
] | C | Non-shivering thermogenesis' is due to the presence of brown fat. Release of norepinephrine uncouples beta oxidation in fat resulting in heat production Brown fat is located around great vessels, kidneys, adrenals, axilla, nape of neck, & between scapulae. Brown fat have sympathetic innervation | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following are indication for Treadmill testing, except - | [
"To evaluate unstable angina",
"To evaluate unstable myocardial infarction",
"To assess outcome after coronary revascularization",
"To diagnose and evaluate the treatment of exercise induced arrhythrnias"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Closed pinning techinque in oopedic surgeries is not done in | [
"Neck of humerus fracture",
"Shaft of humerus fracture",
"Distal radius fracture",
"Supracondylar fracture of humerus"
] | B | The technique of percutaneous pinning and and casts seems capable of restoring joint function for simple extra aicular and intra aicular fractures above image showed shaft of humerus fracture fixed with plate and pin fixation . not pin fixation alone ref : maheswari 9th ed | train | med_mcqa | null |
Propranolol is contraindicated in diabetes mellitus because it: | [
"Causes hyperglycemia",
"Causes seizures",
"Masks the hypoglycemic symptoms",
"Causes hypotension"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
DOC for Meningococcal chemoprophylaxis is - | [
"Penicillin",
"Gentamicin",
"Rifampicin",
"Chloramphenicol"
] | C | Ans. C. RifampicinClose (household and kissing, HCW's) contacts of individuals with meningococcal disease are at increased risk (up to 1,000 times the rate for the general population) of developing secondary disease.Chemoprophylaxis:a. Adults- Ciprofloxacin-500mg oral single dose OR Ceftriaxone-single dose I/M or IV;b.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 55 yr old male, with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypeension, developed severe airborne contact dermatitis. The most appropriate drug for his treatment would be: | [
"Systematic coicosteroids",
"ketoconazole",
"Azathioprine",
"Cyclosporine"
] | C | Case of contact dermatitis - Systematic coicosteroids cannot be used because pt. has DM & steroid cause impairment of blood glucose levels in well-controlled diabetics. Cyclosporine cannot be used as pt. is Hypeensive and it is a nephrotoxic drug. ketoconazole is antifungal drug. Therefore, Azathioprine (immunosuppress... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vicarious responsibility peains to: Delhi 06; NIMHAS 14 | [
"Patient's, contribution towards negligence",
"Hospitals contribution towards patient's damage",
"Responsibility for actions of a colleague",
"Responsibility of senior for actions of junior"
] | D | Ans. Responsibility of senior for actions of junior | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hand-foot syndrome is seen in ? | [
"Frost bite",
"Sickle cell disease",
"Raynaud's phenomenon",
"Thalassemia"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sickle cell disease Dactylitis, often referred to as hand-foot syndrome, is frequently the 1st manifestation of pain in children with sickle cell anemia, occurring in 50% of children by 2 yr of age. Dactylitis is caused by blocked blood circulation. Symptoms include extreme pain and tenderness, usuall... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The prime principles of growth and development includes all except | [
"Growth is a continous process",
"It follows the same pattern in all human beings",
"Growth and development go hand in hand",
"Development occurs in Cephalocaudal direction"
] | D | Principles of Growth and Development to Remember: It&;s a continuous process from the day we are conceived until death. It proceeds in an orderly sequence. It happens at different rates. It is cephalocaudal (from head to feet) It proceeds proximodistally (from center out) It continues from gross to fine motor skills. R... | train | med_mcqa | null |
For which of the following drugs a warning is written 'To be sold by retail on the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner only' | [
"Schedule H",
"Schedule X",
"Schedule Y",
"Schedule J"
] | A | Ans. (A) Schedule H(Ref. KK Sharma 2nd/e p6)Drugs are broadly of 2 types:Schedule H drugs: Must be sold by retail only when a prescription by registered medical practitioner is produced.OTC: These are over the counter drugs, which may be sold without prescription. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Histology of Myositis ossificans mimics - | [
"Osteosarcoma",
"Osteochondroma",
"GCT",
"Ewing's tumour"
] | A | Histologically myositis ossificans mimics osteosarcoma.
They can be differentiated by zone phenomenon :-
Osteogenic sarcoma → Central zone contains mature cells and peripheral zone contains more active immature cells.
Myositis ossificans → Central zone contains active immature cells and peripheral zone contains more m... | train | med_mcqa | null |
iloprost used in pulmonary hypeension | [
"Inhalation",
"Intravenous",
"Oral",
"Subcutaneous"
] | A | Pulmonary hypeension is incurable but new treatments have delivered significant improvements in exercise performance, symptoms and prognosis. Allpatients should be anticoagulated with warfarin, and oxygen, diuretics and digoxin prescribed as appropriate. Specific treatment options include high-dose calcium channel bloc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about 'Imbecile' are true, EXCEPT: | [
"IQ is 50-60",
"Self care is impaired",
"Intellectual capacity is equivalent to a child of 3-7 years of age",
"This condition is usually congenital or acquired at an early age"
] | A | Imbeciles have an IQ of 25 to 49 and a mental age of 3-7 years. They have impaired and this intellectual disability is usually congenital or acquired at an early age. Intelligence quotient( IQ), is obtained by dividing the subject's mental age (as determined by the Binet-Simon scale) by his chronologic age (up to the 1... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Neuroblastoma originates from | [
"Adrenals",
"Mediastinum",
"Chest wall",
"Peripheral nerves"
] | A | Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of the autonomic nervous system derived from the neural crest.The most common sites of primary tumours are the adrenals(30%),paraveebral retroperitoneum(28%),posterior mediastinum(15%),pelvis(5%) &cervical area. Reference:Essential pediatrics-Ghai,8th edition,page no:616. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hirano bodies are seen in : | [
"Parkinsonism",
"Frontotemporal dementia",
"Lewy body",
"Alzheimer's disease"
] | D | Hirano bodies are eosinophilic inclusions seen in the cytoplasm of Hippocampal neurons in Alzheimer's disease. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Embryonic hemoglobins among the following are | [
"Fetal hemoglobin and Gower hemoglobin",
"Fetal hemoglobin and Portland hemoglobin",
"Portland hemoglobin and HbA2",
"Gower hemoglobin and Portland hemoglobin"
] | D | Embryonic hemoglobins are Gower hemoglobin and Portland hemoglobin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Significant value of `p' is ? | [
"0.01",
"0.02",
"0.04",
"0.05"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 0.05 P is the probability that the difference seen between 2 samples occurs due to chance". If p . .05 it is considered statistically significant. It means that There is 5% probability that the result could have been obtained by chance. or The investigator can be 95% sure that the result was not obtai... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The tumour, which may occur in the residual breast or overlying skin following wide local excision and radiotherapy for mammary carcinoma is | [
"Leiomyosarcoma",
"Squamous cell carcinoma",
"Basal cell carcinoma",
"Angiosarcoma"
] | D | Angiosarcoma is a vascular tumor which may arise de novo in the breast or as a complication of the radiation therapy.
Sabiston writes - "This vascular tumor may occur de novo in the breast, but the clinically important presentation is in the Dennis after breast radiation or in the lymphedematous upper extremity, follow... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most common site for the carcinoma of pancreas - | [
"Head",
"Ampulla",
"Body",
"Tail"
] | A | Most common site for carcinoma pancreas is head. The distribution as follows:
Head (75%)
Body (15%)
Tail (10%)
Ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common variety (90%)
Also know,
Risk factors for pancreatic Ca
Cigarette smoking is the most consistent risk factor.
As in other gastrointestinal cancers, diets high in f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about nohern blotting technique except | [
"Involves electrophoresis",
"Requires hybridization probes",
"Used to detect DNA molecules",
"Requires restriction endonucleases"
] | C | The nohern blot is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA (or isolated mRNA) in a sample. A general blotting procedure stas with extraction of total RNA from a homogenized tissue sample or from cells. Eukaryotic mRNA can then be isolated through the use of oligo (dT)... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Botulinum toxin mimics - | [
"Cholinergics",
"Anticholinergics",
"Adrenergics",
"Antiadrenergic"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., AnticholinergicsImportant, anticholinergic drugso Non selectiveAtropineHyosine (scopolamine)o SelectiveM1 blocker -Pirenzepine, TelenzepineM2 blocker - TripitramineM3 blocker - Darifenactino OthersHemicholinium - Decreases choline uptakeVesamicol - Decreases vesicular uptake of ACHBotulinum toxin - De... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lipids are- | [
"Esters of fatty acids with alcohol esters",
"Esters of fatty acid other than alcohol",
"Both",
"None"
] | A | Lipids are esters of fatty acids with alcohol esters. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following can reduce the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) EXCEPT | [
"Norepinephrine",
"Epinephrine",
"Endothelium derived nitrous oxide (EDRF)",
"Endothelin"
] | C | Ans. c. (Endothelium derived nitrous oxide (EDRF) (Ref. Guyton physiology 11th/320; 322; Table 26-4)Hormones and Autacoids That Influence Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)Hormone or AutacoidEffect on GFRNorepinephrine|Epinephrine|Endothelin|Angiotensin II(prevents -|)Endothelial-derived nitric oxide|Prostaglandins|FACTO... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Transvestism is | [
"Wearing clothes of opposite sex",
"Touching ones own private pas to others",
"Desire for sexual intercourse with dead bodies",
"Organism from visualiza on pa of the body of a woman"
] | A | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Micro RNA is transcribed bya) RNA polymerase Ib) RNA polymerase IIc) RNA polymerase IIId) DNA Polymerasee) Drosha | [
"ab",
"ad",
"be",
"ce"
] | C | Micro RNA (mi-RNA) are typically 21-25 nucleotides in length and are generated by nucleolytic processing of the products of distinct genes/transcription units. These precursors are single-stranded but have extended intramolecular secondary structure.
Most mi-RNA are processed from RNA polymerase II transcripts of sever... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lesser omentum has following contents except | [
"Hepatic vein",
"Hepatic aery",
"Poal vein",
"Bile duct"
] | A | A. i.e. Hepatic vein | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about Arnold Chiari Malformation Type I except: | [
"Displacement of cerebellar tonsils (>5mm) into cervical canal",
"Neck pain and spasticity present",
"Syringomyelia can be present",
"Associated with hydrocephalus"
] | D | Hydrocephalus is seen with Type II Chiari Malformation, not Type I. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pulsus paradoxus is present in all except | [
"Emphysema",
"Pulmonary embolism",
"Hypovolemic shock",
"Hyperophy cardiomyopathy"
] | D | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1553 Pulsus paradoxus is a sign that is indicative of several conditions, including cardiac tamponade, chronic sleep apnea, croup, and obstructive lung disease (e.g. asthma, COPD) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not parenterally transmitted | [
"HAV",
"HBV",
"HCV",
"HDV"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., HAV | train | med_mcqa | null |
An 8-year-old boy presents with Intellectual deterioration and myoclonus. The diagnosis is | [
"GSS",
"SSPE",
"Kuru",
"C-J disease"
] | B | (B) SSPE # SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS (SSPE) is a rare progressive demyelinating disease of the CNS associated with a chronic infection of brain tissue with measles virus.> Most patients give a history of primary measles infection at an early age (2 years), which is followed after a latent interval of 6 to 8 y... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of volvulus: | [
"Sigmoid colon",
"Caecum",
"Transverse colon",
"Stomach"
] | A | Most common site of volvulus is Sigmoid colon. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about 'instantaneous mean vector' a) Equal & same as mean QRS vectorb) It is drawn through the centre of vector in a direction from base toward apexc) Summated vector of generated potential at particular instant caused by inflowing septal depolarizationd) When a vector is exactly horizontal and directed ... | [
"abc",
"acd",
"bcd",
"bd"
] | C | In a normal heart, the current flows from the base towards apex. So the vector is pointed towards the apex at an angle of +59o. The angle is calculated from a vector running horizontally towards left, which is 0o. Instantaneous mean vector is the summated vector of general potential at a given instant due to septal dep... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about branches of aoa are all except? | [
"Gives three branches",
"Branches arise from convexity",
"Branchiocephalic trunk arise from arch of aoa",
"Coronary aeries arise from arch of aoa"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Coronary aeries arise from arch of aoa Arch of aoa It lies in the superior mediastinum, behind the lower half of manubrium sterni. It begins as a continuation of ascending aoa at the level of upper border of right second sternocostal junction (sternal angle) and continues as descending aoa on the left... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Conscious sedation is: | [
"CNS depression with unconsciousness",
"Sedation with inability to respond to command",
"Sedation with ability to respond to command",
"Any of the above"
] | C | Sedation with ability to respond to command. Dexmedetomidine is nowerdays is considered best drug for concious sedation. Dexmedetomidine * Highly selective alpha - 2 adrenoreceptor agonist * Used mainly as IV adjunct during induction and /or maintenance of general anesthetics * Minimal respiratory and cardiovascular de... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A group of 8 expes discussing and interacting about a topic in front of large audience is? | [
"Workshop",
"Symposium",
"Semin ar",
"Panel discussion"
] | D | - panel discussion is a group approach in health communication. - in a panel discussion, 4-8 people who are qualified to talk about a topic sit and discuss a given problem or topic in front of a large group or audience. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:865 <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 3-year-old child presented with hypoechoic lesion on USG abdomen. Most probable diagnosis: | [
"Neuroblastoma",
"Teratoma",
"Wilms tumour",
"Renal cell carcinoma"
] | C | Ans: c (Wilms tumour) Ref: Nelson, 17th ed, p. 1711 & OP Ghai, 6th ed, p. 574Commonest abdominal malignancy in children in the above age group is Wilms tumour; eventhough the commonest malignancy is neuroblastoma. Most of the patients with wilms tumour present as asymptomatic abdominal mass.Wilms tumour* Also called ne... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Von Herick angle grade '3' of anterior chamber denotes? | [
"Wide open angle",
"Moderately open angle",
"Moderately narrow angle",
"Closed angle"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Moderately open ang Classification of anterior chamber angle based on van herick angleof the anterior chamber estimation method Angle grade Angle grade Cornea to angle ratio 4 Wide open angle incapabel of closure. Iris to cornea angular separation equals to 35-45 Anterior chamber depth (shadow) is equ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Myocardium normally utilizes: | [
"Glucose",
"Lactose",
"Fatty acid",
"Glycogen"
] | C | Hea uses fatty acids in fed and fasting state. It uses Ketone bodies during starvation. Fetal hea and hea failure, uses glucose as fuel Source of fuel in various tissues and cells under different conditions Fed Fasting Starvation Brain Glucose Glucose Ketone Bodies Hea Fatty Acids Fatty Acids Ketone Bodies Liver Glucos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cochlear aqueduct | [
"Contains endoylymph",
"Connects cochlea with vestibule",
"Connects internal ear with subarachnoid space",
"Same as S media"
] | C | THE INTERNAL EAR The internal ear or the labyrinth is an impoant organ of hearing and balance. It consists of a bony and a membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is filled with a clear fluid called endolymph while the space between membranous and bony labyrinths is filled with perilymph. BONY LABYRINTH It consi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which type of poisonings is gastric lavage contraindicated? | [
"Organophosphorus poisoning",
"Sedative drug poisoning",
"Corrosive acid poisoning",
"Barium carbonate poisoning"
] | C | Ans. C. Corrosive acid poisoningGastric Lavage is contraindicated when patients havea. Corrosive substance poisoningb. Convulsion (strychnine, tetanus)c. Comad. Volatile poisons (kerosene)e. Hypothermiaf. patients at risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage or perforation.g. aluminum phosphide poisoning | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common symptom of thyrotoxicosis is? | [
"Palpitation",
"Fatigue and weakness",
"Diarrhea",
"Hyperactivity and irritability"
] | D | Clinical feature of thyrotoxicosis: Hyperactivity, Irritability and dysphoria ( m/c symptom) Heat intolerance Dairrhea Weight loss Tachycardia ( persists during sleep ) Hypeension Fine resting tremor Proptosis Warm sweaty skin Irregular menses Osteoporosis Proximal myopathy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of Tinea capitis - | [
"M. canis",
"Epidermophyton floccosum",
"T. Tonsurans",
"T. concentricum"
] | A | (Harrison) have mentioned that T tonsurans is the most common cause of T capitis. But most textbooks of dermatology have mentioned that Ectothrix is the most common type of T capitis and is caused mostly by M canis. Thus, the answer of this question is M canis. Tinea capitis: - Location of Lesions - Scalp hair Endothri... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Replacement dose of thyroxine is: | [
"0.1-0.2 mg",
"0.3-0.4 mg",
"1-2 mg",
"3-4 mg"
] | A | Ans. (a) 0.1-0.2mgRef: Harrison 18/e p2922Thyroxine doses: (T4) Eltroxin tablet:0.1mg tablet available1.Supplement Treatment: (hypo thyroidism)1 tablet (0.1mg)2.Substitution treatment: (after thyroidectomy)2 tables (0.2mg)3.Suppression Treatment: (for papillary carcinoma)3 tablets (0.3mg) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following cervical joint helps a person to look towards the right or left? | [
"Atlanto-occipital joint",
"Atlanto-axial joint",
"C2-C3 joint",
"C3-C4 joint"
] | B | The atlantoaxial joint allows the greatest degree of motion among all the joints of the neck. It allows the head to flex and extend about 10 degrees, and also allows more than 60 degree of rotation in the horizontal plane. Thereby permitting a person to look to the right or left. Ref: Atlas of Interventional Pain Manag... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Hereditary spherocytosis an inherited abnormality is seen in which of the following red blood cell component - | [
"A-globin chain",
"a-globin chain",
"Phosphatidylinositol glycan A",
"Spectrin"
] | D | Ideal answer is ankyrin (most commonly) but in the given options, spectrin is the best option. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Indicator solution in Horrocks apparatus contains | [
"Oho toludine",
"Starch iodide",
"Ohotoludine arsenite",
"Bromocresol purple"
] | B | Horrock&;s apparatus is designed to find out the dose of bleaching powder required for disinfection of water.Starch-iodide indicator solution is used.Park 23e pg: 728 | train | med_mcqa | null |
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