question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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4 years old child having palpable abdominal mass & hypertension with sweating and diarrhea is due to - | [
"Neuroblastoma",
"Nephroblastoma",
"PCKD. (Polycystic kidney disease)",
"All of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., NeuroblastomaNeuroblastoma - (Ghai 7th/ep. 590)o M.C. Intraabd solid tumor in children,o M.C. site of primary tumor:# Adrenal gland (30%)o Paravertebral retroperitoneal (28%)o Metastasis usually skeletal (facial bone/skull).o May be associated with sweating, diarrhea, hypertension. Cerebellar sign, op... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 6 year old boy presented with recurrent chest infections. Sweat chloride test was done and it shows raised values. What is the next BEST investigation to confirm the diagnosis? | [
"72 hour fecal fat estimation",
"CT chest",
"Nasal electrode potential difference",
"DNA analysis of delta F-508 mutation"
] | C | CF, an autosomal recessive disease, results in a syndrome of chronic sinopulmonary infections, malabsorption, and nutritional abnormalities. Essentials of Diagnosis and Typical Features: Greasy, bulky, malodorous stools; failure to thrive Recurrent respiratory infections Digital clubbing on examination Bronchiectasis o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are features of rosacea keratitis except: | [
"Corneal vascularisation",
"Associated blepharoconjunctivitis",
"Central superficial ulcer",
"Progresses to involve the whole cornea"
] | C | Ans. Central superficial ulcer | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the paial pressure of oxygen at 760mmHg atmospheric pressure? | [
"76",
"160",
"120",
"130"
] | B | The pressure of a gas is propoional to its temperature and the number of moles per volume. P= n/V, where, n= number of moles P= Pressure R = Gas constant T= Absolute temperature V= Volume The pressure exeed by one gas in a mixture of gases is equal to the total pressure times the fraction of the total amount of gas it ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An 8–month–old female child presented to emergency with a heart rate of 220/minute and features of congestive heart failure. Her heart rate comes down to normal after administering intravenous adenosine. What is the most likely diagnosis ? | [
"Atrial fibrillation",
"Atrial flutter",
"Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia",
"Ventricular tachycardia"
] | C | Adenosine is the DOS for PSVT. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kelly's plication operation is done in: | [
"Stress incontinence",
"Vault prolapse",
"Rectal prolapse",
"Uterine prolapse"
] | A | Ans. is a, i.e. Stress incontinenceRef: Shaw 14th/ed, p174; Textbook of Gynae Sheila Balakrishnan 1st/ed, p330Kelly's plication/Kelley's stitch was the standard first line of treatment for SUI previously but due to low cure rates, it is not being done these days. 5-year failure rate for Kelly's plication is approximate... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Structurally the connexons are: | [
"Hexamers",
"Pentamers",
"Tetramers",
"Trimeric proteins"
] | A | A connexon is composed of six integral membrane protein(Hexamers), having subunits called connexins. Ligand-gated ion channels are made up of pentameric proteins. Voltage-gated ion channels are made up of tetrameric proteins. G-protein, ENaC are the examples of trimeric proteins. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following statements are true about Afrezza except | [
"Used for both Type I and Type II diabetes",
"Substitute for long acting insulin",
"It is a rapid acting insulin",
"Used as inhaled insulin formulation and techno-sphere technology"
] | B | Afrezza Approved in 2014 For both Type I and Type II diabetes Available as single-use caridges of 4 and 8 units Is rapid acting inhaled insulin, administered at the beginning of each meal * Inhaled insulin formulation (2.5mm) and technosphere technology Remember: Afrezza Not a substitute for long acting insulin Must be... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The mechanism of action of Apixaban is | [
"Direct thrombin inhibitor",
"Factor Xa inhibitor",
"Antithrombin 3 activator",
"Vitamin K antagonist"
] | B | (B) Factor Xa inhibitor[?]APIXABAN is an oral anticoagulant and a highly selective direct inhibitor of factor Xa with rapid onset of action.oUsed to decrease the risk of venous thromboses, systemic embolization and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, and lower the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emb... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hepatic encephalopathy is aggravated by all except | [
"Hyperkalemia",
"Anaemia",
"Hypehyroidism",
"Barbiturates"
] | A | Pathophysiology Hepatic encephalopathy is thought to be due to a disturbance of brain function provoked by circulating neurotoxins that are normally metabolised by the liver. Accordingly, most affected patients have evidence of liver failure and poosystemic shunting of blood, but the balance between these varies from i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45-year-old man presents to the clinic for evaluation of weakness in his arms and legs. The symptoms started gradually, and are now more noticeable and interfering with his ability to work as an electrician. On physical examination, the cranial nerves are normal, but there is weakness of his left handgrip and right l... | [
"amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)",
"myotonic muscular dystrophy",
"amyotonia congenita",
"tabes dorsalis"
] | A | The most common initial symptom of ALS is weakness and wasting of the extremities. The fasciculations can be a very prominent part of the disease. This is rare in other neurologic disorders. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most accepted theory among the following: | [
"Chemioparasitic theory.",
"Proteolytic theory.",
"Proteolytic chelation theory.",
"Dissolution theory."
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Upper covering layer of cochlear duct is | [
"Basilar membrane",
"Tectorial membrane",
"Stria vascularis",
"Vestibular membrane"
] | D | Reissner's membrane - between Scala vestibuli & Scala media. Basilar membrane - between scala media & Scala tympani Tectorial membrane - covers the hair cells. Stria vascularis gives the endolymph which is ultrafiltrate of blood. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common indication for Liver Transplant in paediatric Patients is | [
"Fulminant liver failure",
"Hepatitis",
"Biliary atresia",
"Cirrhosis"
] | C | * MC indication for Liver transplant in Children- Biliary atresia * MC indication for Liver transplant in Adults - HCV induced cirrhosis * MC metabolic indication for Liver transplant- Alpha 1 AT deficiency Ref:- Surgery Sixer 3rd Editio; Pg num:- 153 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Removal of pa of the gut is must for the following mesenteric cyst removal surgery | [
"Enterogenous cyst",
"Chylolymphatic cyst",
"Dermoid cyst",
"Hydatid cyst"
] | A | .Enterogenous type of cyst arises as a diveiculum or duplication from the adjacent bowel. hence it is a thick walled cyst (contains all layers of the bowel) and receives its blood supply from the adjacent bowel (not independent). So resection of the adjacent bowel along with the cyst is essential.Enucleation is contrai... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 33-year-old male with AIDS and a history of shingles develops a severe, multifocal encephalitis. Therapy is instituted with acyclovir, but the man dies on the fouh day of his hospital admission. Which of the following viruses is the most likely cause of his encephalitis? | [
"Cytomegalovirus",
"Herpes simplex type I",
"Herpes simplex type II",
"Herpes zoster-varicella"
] | D | The specific clue to the cause of the severe encephalitis in this AIDS patient is the history of shingles, due to reactivation of the herpes zoster-varicella virus. In otherwise healthy adults, the virus (which is usually introduced to the body as a childhood case of chickenpox) remains dormant in a dorsal root ganglio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 24yr old female with history of easy fatigabality,dysphagia. Oral ulcers and oesophageal webs are shown on endoscopy. What is most common site for the oesophageal webs? | [
"Upper end of esophagus",
"Lower end of esophagus",
"Middle layer of esophagus",
"Lateral wall of esophagus"
] | A | Esophageal webs :- - refer to an esophageal constriction caused by a thin mucosal membrane projecting into the lumen. - M/c in women - located in upper esophagus (cervical esophagus) - can be seen on frontal and lateral views on Xray - pt. may remain asymptomatic, but if the stenosis is severe enough causes dysphagia a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A pt. suffered bullet injury to left side of the colon and presented in the casuality depament after 12 hour. What will be the min (management) ? | [
"Proximal defunctioning colostomy",
"Primary closure",
"Proximal colostomy and bringing out the distal end as mucus fistula",
"Resection and primary anastomosis"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' ie. Proximal colostomy and bringing out the distal end as mucus fistula | train | med_mcqa | null |
Test indicates that it has a sensitivity of 90%. It means that | [
"90% of the individuals tested are true positive",
"10% are true positive",
"90% of the individuals tested are false negatives",
"10% are true negatives"
] | A | (A) 90% of the individuals tested are true positive # Term Sensitivity was introduced by Yerushalmy in 1940s as a statistical index of diagnostic accuracy. It has been defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, that is "true positive".> A 90 per cent sensitivity means that 90... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 60-year-old woman complains to a physician because several of her toenails are discolored. Physical examination demonstrates crumbling, friable nails with distal-lateral separation from the nail bed. Hyperkeratotic debris is present under the affected pa of the nail. Which of the following is the most likely pathogen... | [
"Aspergillus",
"Candida",
"Mucor",
"Trichophyton"
] | D | The patient has a fungal nail infection. These infections are seen most commonly in the elderly, and are usually caused by dermatophyte infection, typically Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum. Some of the more superficial lesions can be removed by simply scraping the fungus of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Solitary eosinophilic granuloma, commonest in the- | [
"Femur",
"Skull",
"Radius",
"Lumbar vertebra"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ground glass cells of Hadziyannis are seen in | [
"Bone",
"Liver",
"Thyroid",
"Prostate"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Liver | train | med_mcqa | null |
Different routes of H treatment include A/E : | [
"Transdermal patch",
"Vaginal pellets",
"Injectables",
"Oral"
] | C | Injectables | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common type of Hodgkin's lymphoma is: | [
"Nodular sclerosis",
"Lymphocyte predominance",
"Mixed cellularity",
"Lymphocyte depletion"
] | A | Answer is A (Nodular sclerosis) Nodular sclerosis is the ,:iost common subtype worldwide. The Hodgkin's lymphomas may be classified into four subtypes according to the Rye's classification. Hodgkins lymphoma subtypes in order of frequency Nodular sclerosis (30-60%) Mixed cellularity (20-40%) Lymphocyte predominance (< ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for cystitis ? | [
"Amoxicillin",
"Chloramphenicol",
"Cotrimoxazole",
"Ciprofloxacin"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ciprofloxacin Fluroquinolones form the first line of drugs to be used against cystits. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone and so the most appropriate answer. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blood flow in hemodialysis machine | [
"100-200 ml/min",
"300-500 ml/min",
"700-800 ml/min",
">1000 ml/min"
] | B | Blood flow - 300-500 ml/min.
Dialysate - 500-800 ml/min in opposite direction. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Niacin deficiency cause | [
"Pellagra",
"Scurvy",
"Rickets",
"Lathyrism"
] | A | Niacin
This vitamin differs from the other vitamins of the B-complex group in that an essential amino acids tryptophan serves as its precursor.
Another characterstic of niacin is that it is not excreted in urine as such, but is metabolised to two major methylated derivatives.
N-methyl-nicotinamide
N-methyl pyridone... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Oligohydramnios is seen in : | [
"Renal agenesis",
"Oesophageal atresia",
"Exomphalos",
"Neural tube defect"
] | A | Ans. is a i.e. Renal agenesis Oligohydramnios is a condition where liquor amnii is deficient (< 200 ml at term). Sonographically it is defined as : Absence of amniotic fluid pocket.deg Maximum veical diameter of amniotic fluid pocket less than 2 cm.deg Amniotic fluid index less than 5 cms.deg Causes of oligohydramnios ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 54-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with severe pain in his nasal cavity. Radiographic examination reveals a carcinoma in his nasal cavity. In which of the following locations would the carcinoma block the hiatus of the maxillary sinus? | [
"Inferior meatus",
"Middle meatus",
"Superior meatus",
"Nasopharynx"
] | B | The maxillary sinus drains via the middle meatus, specifically via the semilunar hiatus. The middle meatus and semilunar hiatus are located under the middle nasal concha. The inferior meatus drains the lacrimal secretions carried by the nasolacrimal duct, whereas the superior meatus drains the posterior ethmoidal and s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vitamin D is maximum in – | [
"Milk",
"Fish fat",
"Eggs",
"Cod liver oil"
] | D | Vitamin D is found only in food of animal origin (also vit B12).
Dietary sources of vitamin D in decreasing order -
1. Halibut liver oil
2 Cod liver oil
3. Shark liver oil
4. Fish fat
5. Egg
6. Butter
7. Milk | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest cause of cellulitis is | [
"Staphylococcus",
"Streptococcus",
"E. coli",
"Hemophilus"
] | B | Ans. (b) Streptococcus(Ref: Bailey 26th 55)* Most common cause of cellulitis is Streptococci. Other causes include Staphylococci, and C.Perfringens | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following disorder is associated with acantholysis? | [
"Pemphigoid",
"Pemphigus vulgaris",
"Erythema multiforme",
"Dermatitis herpetiformis"
] | B | Acantholysis refers to loss of cohesion between epidermal cells as a result of destruction of intercellular substance. Acantholytic cells are round cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei and perinuclear halo. The primary lesion of pemphigus vulgaris is acantholysis in the epidermis. Its histologic hallmark is acantholy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following indicates activity of anterior uveitis? | [
"Cells in anterior chamber",
"Circumcorneal congestion",
"Keratic precipitate",
"Corneal edema"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cells in anterior chamber Activity of acute anterior uveitis is indicated by presence of cells (aquous cells) and flare in anterior chamber-Grading is done on these two. Grade Aquous cells Grade Aquous flare 0 cells 0 no flare +_ 1-5 cells +1 Just detectable +1 6-10 cells +2 Moderate flare +2 11-20 ce... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diagnostic test of choice for neurosyphilis is:- | [
"VDRL",
"FTA-ABS",
"TPI",
"RPR"
] | A | VDRL CSF test is the standard serological test for CSF and it is considered diagnostic of neurosyphilis VDRL: Quantitation of the sera is useful to monitor activity of the disease and is of prognostic value. The RPR test is used for testing serum or plasma, but not for the CSF. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young lady presents to your office with compalin of copious vagina discharge, but there is strawberry vagina and no cervical discharge on per speculum examination. which of the following should be given for the management? | [
"Metronidazole",
"Metronidazole and azithromycin",
"Metronidazole and doxycycline",
"Fluconazole only"
] | A | Metronidazole 200mg 3 doses /day for 7days. SHAW'S TEXTBOOK OF GYNECOLOGY.Pg no:146,15th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
X-ray feature of pyloric stenosis is: March 2013 (c) | [
"Single bubble appearance",
"Double bubble appearance",
"Triple bubble appearance",
"Multiple bubble appearance"
] | A | Ans. A i.e. Single bubble appearance | train | med_mcqa | null |
A third degree circumferential burn in the arm & forearm region, which of the following is most impoant for monitoring? | [
"Blood gases",
"Carboxy-oxygen level",
"Macroglobinuria cryoglobinuria",
"Peripheral pulse and circulation"
] | D | When deep second and third degree burn wounds encompass the circumference of an extremity, peripheral circulation to the limb can be compromised. Development of generalized edema beneath a non - yielding eschar impedes venous outflow and affects aerial inflow to the distal beds. This can be recognized by numbness and t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45 year old male patient complains of food lodgment and pain in lower right back teeth region. RCT was done with 46. Cast metal restoration was planned for 46. Defective carbon inclusions were seen on the casting. All of the following factors are responsible for this defect except: | [
"Carbon-containing wax",
"Carbon from crucible",
"An improperly adjusted torch",
"Carbon-containing investment"
] | A | CARBON INCLUSIONS
Carbon from a crucible, an improperly adjusted torch, or a carbon-containing investment, can be absorbed by the alloy during casting. These particles may lead to the formation of carbides or even create visible carbon inclusions.
Phillips’ Dental Material, pg- 225 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Enucleation of the eyeball is contraindicated in | [
"Endophthalmities",
"Panophthalmities",
"Intraoccular tumours",
"Painful blind eye"
] | A | Endophthalmities is treated by intravitreal injection of antibiotics. If not managed and removal of eye of eye is indicated.we should go for evisceration. This is because the outer coats of the eyeball are not involved and hence we should not remove it. Also it is more convenient to put aificial eye then orbital implan... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 6 year old child, weighing 20 kg who is a known case of seizure disorder, already on Valproate 200 mg twice daily, presents with breakthrough seizures to the pediatric casualty. The seizures were aboed with Inj Lorazepam. What should be the next medication administered to this child? | [
"Phenobarbitone",
"Phenytoin",
"Sodium Valproate",
"Levetiracetam"
] | C | - For breakthrough seizures in a child who is already on an antiepileptic, after aboing the seizure, a mini loading dose of same antiepileptic can be given, provided he/she is not on the maximum dose of that drug. - Thus, to this child, mini loading dose of sodium valproate can be given | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 59-year-old woman complains of skin lesion shown below catches on her clothing. It has been present for several years and is not associated with any other symptoms. What is the single most likely diagnosis? | [
"Dermatofibroma",
"Fibroepithelial polyp",
"Keratoacanthoma",
"Nodular basal cell carcinoma"
] | B | Fibroepithelial polyp (Skin tag; Papilloma; Acrochordon) Seen at sites of chafing such as the groin, axilla or neck. Benign and typically have a narrow stalk Most cases are idiopathic but occasionally associated with insulin resistance. Hanging or protruding polyps Dermatofibromas are seen on legs or arms and are withi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Auditory fatigue is at ? | [
"90 dB 4000 Hz",
"110 dB 4000 Hz",
"130 dB 4000 Hz",
"150 db 4000 Hz"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 90 dB 4000 Hz | train | med_mcqa | null |
A male patient presented with agitation, restlessness and neck stiffness. He had undergone treatment for penile ulcer - 3 years back. Lab investigation used for prognosis of treatment: | [
"TPI",
"VDRL",
"FTA-ABS",
"Dark field microscopy"
] | B | Ans (b) VDRL | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sperm acquires motility in ? | [
"Seminal vesicle",
"Testes",
"Epididymis",
"Ejaculatory duct"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Epididymis Spermatozoa leaving the testis (seminiferous ubules) are not fully mobile. They continue their maturation and acquire their mobility during their passage through epididymis. From epididymis they come to vas deference, distal end of which also receives the secretions of seminal vesicle, and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the anaesthetic agent of choice in renal failure? | [
"Isoflurane",
"Enflurane",
"Methoxyflurane",
"None of the above"
] | A | Isoflurane is the anaesthetic drug of choice in renal failure. It is useful in all degrees of renal impairment. Due to minimal hepatic metabolism resulting in very low levels of inorganic fluorides and because of its low cardiac arrythmogenicity isoflurane is an ideal agent for patients with renal failure. Ref: Drug Do... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ivor Lewis operation is the treatment of choice for cancer involving _____ esophagus | [
"Middle 1/3rd",
"Lower 1/3rd",
"Upper 1/3rd",
"Entire Esophagus"
] | B | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about mandible fracture except: | [
"Condylar neck is most common site",
"Malocclusion of teeth may occur",
"Anterior superior alveolar nerve is most commonly injured",
"Panorex radiographs are useful for diagnosis"
] | C | Answer- C. Anterior superior alveolar nerve is most commonly injuredThe condylar neck is the weakest pa of the mandible and, is the most frequent site of fracture.Trauma to the inferior alveolar nerve leads to permanent numbness of the lower lip and teeth on the affected side.Fractures of the coronoid process of the ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Torcetrapib induces its hypolipidemic action by- | [
"Inhibiting cholesterol ester triglyceride transport protein",
"Activating lipoprotein lipase",
"Inhibiting lipolysis",
"Inhibiting cholesterol absorption"
] | A | Ails, is 'a' i.e., Inhibiting cholesterol ester triglyceride transport protein Hypolipidemic drugsHMG-CoA reductase iuhibitors (statins) - Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin.Bile acid sequestrants (Resins) - cholestyramine, colestipol.Activate lipoprotein lipase (fibric acid derivatives) -... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 65-year-old man presents with multiple lesions on his penis that he has had for 2 months. Physical examination reveals shiny, soft, erythematous plaques on the glans and foreskin. Biopsy of lesional skin shows neoplastic epithelial cells, connected by intercellular bridges, with invasion into the dermis. Which of the... | [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Lichen planus",
"Melanoma",
"Squamous cell carcinoma"
] | D | Penile carcinoma occurs as a preinvasive form (carcinoma in situ or erythroplasia of Queyrat) or invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Erythroplasia of Queyrat manifests as solitary or multiple, shiny, soft, erythematous plaques on the glans and foreskin. The other choices feature neither intracellular bridges nor these ch... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Grey powder (chalk + mercury) is used in ? | [
"Poroscopy",
"Cheiloscopy",
"Dactylography",
"Palato prints"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dactylography A latent finger print may be developed by dusting the area with coloured powders to provide a contrast, and its pattern is recorded by photography. It can also be examined by oblique lighting. The commonly used powder is 'grey' powder (chalk and mercury), but white powders (lead carbonat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
100 women were surveyed for oral contraceptive pill usage for 24 months, out of which 10 became pregnant. Calculate the pearl index? | [
"2.5",
"5",
"10",
"20"
] | B | Ref. Foundations of Community medicine. Page.117
Pearl Index
It measures the contraceptive efficacy.
It is defined as the number of failures per 100 woman years of exposure
This rate is given by the formula = Total accidental pregnancies * 1200
Number of women * Number of month
Pearl Index = 10 × 12 × 100 / 1... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the treatment of threshold ROP: | [
"Laser photocoagulation",
"Slow reduction in oxygen",
"Retinal reattachment",
"Antioxidants"
] | A | A i.e. Laser photocoagulation | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patients who are grandiose and require admiration from others, have which type of personality? | [
"Narcissistic",
"Histrionic",
"Borderline",
"Antisocial"
] | A | Narcissistic PD Excessive self-impoance (Grandiose) Belief about being special and talented Poor tolerance to criticism Fantasies of unlimited success and power. Fragile self esteem Rejection leads to depression | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of lower gastro intestinal bleeding is | [
"Diveiculitis",
"Colorectal carcinoma",
"Angiodysplasia",
"Anal fissure"
] | A | .Diveiculitis is the second stage due to inflammation of one or more diveicula with pericolitis.It presents with persistent pain in left iliac fossa, fever, loose stool, recurrent constipation, tenderness in right iliac fossa, palpable and thickened sigmoid colon. P/R may reveal a tender mass. Features of diveiculitis ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following describes the Westermark sign in Pulmonary Thromboembolism? | [
"Peripheral Wedge shaped infarct",
"Pulmonary Oligemia",
"Prominence of Main Pulmonary Aery",
"Prominence of Descending Rt Pulmonary aery"
] | B | Sign in Pulmonary Thromboembolism: * Fleischner sign: enlarged pulmonary aery * Hampton hump:peripheral wedge of airspace opacity and implies lung infarction * Westermark sign:regional oligemia and highest positive predictive value. * Palla sign: enlarged right descending pulmonary aery * Chang sign: dilated right desc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a 4 x 5 table for Chi-square test, what is the degree of freedom? | [
"20",
"16",
"12",
"9"
] | C | Ans. (c) Used to test ignificanc of association between two quantititve dataRef : K. Park 23rd ed. / 852* DEGREE OF FREEDOM: it is the no. of observations in a dataset that can freely vary once the parameters have been estimated.* It is used in chi-square test and t-test.* DOF: (c-1) (r-1), where c is no. of columns an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Totting fence post appearance of femur is seen in: | [
"Fibrous dysplasia",
"Hyper parathyroidism",
"Pagets disease",
"Fracture neck of femur"
] | B | Ans: B (Hyperparathyroidism) Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed. and Internet Source Explanation: Renal Osteodystrophy CRF leading on to hyperparathyroidism Signs of chronic renal failure Findings of osteomalacia Hyperparathyroidism Bone sclerosis Rugger jersey spine Totting fence post appearance:... | train | med_mcqa | null |
During removal of a parotid tumour, the auriculotemporal nerve is injured. This could result in: | [
"Facial paralysis",
"Trigeminal neuralgia",
"Gustatory sweating",
"Orolingual paraesthesia"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about sympathetic ophthalmitis? | [
"It is bilateral non granulomatous uveitis",
"Dalen Fuch's Nodules are seen",
"Paton's Lines are seen",
"It is caused due to corneal injury"
] | B | *Dalen Fuch's nodules are seen in sympathetic ophthalmitis. It is granulomatous condition caused by injury to ciliary body. Ref: Khurana 7th/e p.455 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which part of mind gives instinctual drives to a person to obtain immediate gratification according to structural model of mind? | [
"Id",
"Ego",
"Super ego",
"Repressor"
] | A | Id works on "reality principle"
Id is about the innate, instinctual drives of a person that gives him immediate gratifaction such as hunger, anger & sex. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the followings are indication for internal jugular venous catheterization except | [
"Severe bleeding diatheses",
"Severe emphysematous patient",
"Transvenous cardiac pacing",
"None of the above"
] | D | Internal jugular venous catheterization is preferred over subclan route in following scenarios Patient with severe bleeding diathesis Severe emphysematous patient To place transvenous cardiac pacing Other reasons to prefer right internal jugular venous route are Consistent and predictable anatomical location Readily id... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mifepristone (RU–486) is: | [
"Anti–androgen",
"Anti–estrogen",
"Anti–progestin",
"Androgen"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Glutathione is composed of: | [
"Glycine",
"Cycteine",
"Glutamate",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. (d) All of the aboveRef: Harpers Biochemistry 30th ed. pg. 22-23, 748* Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine (which is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine) and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain.* It is an antioxidant, preventing ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The properties of fast twitch muscle area) Extensive sarcoplasmic reticulumb) Extensive blood supplyc) Large glycolytic pathwayd) Abundant mitochondriae) Made up of large number of small fibres with some long fibre muscles. | [
"ac",
"bc",
"ad",
"b"
] | A | Characters of fast twitching muscles.
- Mitochondria- low
- Blood supply- normal
- Fibres- Large
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum- extensive
Glycolytic activity- high | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mineral required for cholesterol biosynthesis ? | [
"Fe",
"Mn",
"Mg",
"Cu"
] | C | Mg is required in stage 2 of cholesterol synthesis. Biosynthesis (De Novo Synthesis) of cholesterol The liver is the major site for cholesterol biosynthesis. Some cholesterol is also synthesized in intestine adre?nal coex, gonads and skin. The microsomal (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) and cytosol fraction of cell is re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Allergic rhinitis treatment include all except | [
"Antibiotics",
"Avoiding allergen",
"Coicosteroids",
"Surgery"
] | A | Antibiotics are not used in allergic rhinitis Treatment of allergic rhinitis include: Avoiding allergen, antihistaminics, Coicosteroids, nasal decongestants, sodium cromoglycate (mast cell stabilizers), leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast) and Surgery Ref: PL Dhingra; 6th edition of Ear, Nose and Throat; Pg no... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Starch is a: | [
"Polysaccharide",
"Disaccharide",
"Protein",
"None of these"
] | A | Ans. A. PolysaccharideStarch is a homo polysaccharide composed of D- glucose units held together by a-glycosidic bonds, (a 1-- 4 linkages; at branching points a 1 -- 6 linkages). It is also known as a glucosan. Hydrolyzed by enzyme amylase. It has two forms: a- amylase present in saliva and pancreatic juice. b-amylase ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the follow ing interleukin is secreted by T helper 2 cells - | [
"IL 11",
"IL7",
"IL l",
"IL13"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e. IL 13 T helper -1 (TH1) secretes - 1L-2 and interferon - gT helper - 2 (TH2) secretes - IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anaesthetic agent causing pain on intravenous administration | [
"Thiopentone",
"Propofol",
"Ketamine",
"Midazolam"
] | B | Refer Katzung 12th/431 Propofol is highly lipid soluble It's solution is made in oil(oliy liquid employed as 1 percnt emulsion) Thus it is painful on injection | train | med_mcqa | null |
The depolarization of the skeletal muscle cell membrane by motor nerves is directly produced by: | [
"Change in end-plate potential level to a threshold value",
"Release of substance P from the motor neuron terminal",
"Increased concentration of neuromuscular cholinesterase",
"Activation of muscle contractile proteins"
] | A | As a result of an action potential invading the motor neuron terminal, acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft. The acetylcholine binds to receptor sites at the end plate of the muscle. This causes an increase in permeability to Na and K ions. Na enters the muscle cell and depolarizes it to threshold, thus in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Allen's test is used to diagnose: | [
"Thoracic outlet syndrome",
"Palmar arch insufficiency",
"Superior vena cava syndrome",
"Coarctation of aorta"
] | B | Ref: Bailey and One's Short Practice of Surgery 25th EditionExplanation:Allen's testIt is a test for the patency of the radial artery after insertion of an indwelling monitoring catheter. The patient's hand is formed into a fist *nd the ulnar artery is compressedcompression continues while the fist is opened.If blood p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following hereditary conditions predispose to CNS tumors, except | [
"Neurofibromatosis 1 & 2",
"Tuberous sclerosis",
"Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome",
"Xeroderma pigmentosum"
] | D | Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder in which there is a decreased ability to repair DNA damage such as that caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Symptoms may include a severe sunburn after only a few minutes in the sun, freckling in sun exposed areas, dry skin and changes in skin pigmentation.it doesn't cause... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A housewife ingests a rodenticide white powder accidentally. She is brought to hospital where the examination shows generalized, flaccid paralysis and an irregular pulse. ECG shows multiple ventricular ectopics, generalized changes with ST. Serum potassium is 2.5 mE/1. The most likely ingested poison is - | [
"Barium carbonate",
"Superwarfarins",
"Zinc phosphide",
"Aluminium phosphide"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 3-year-old girl ruptured her eardrum when she inseed a pencil into her ear. Her mother took her to the emergency depament after noticing that the child was crying and complaining of pain in her ear with a few drops of blood in the external auditory meatus. The attending doctor examined the child for possible injury t... | [
"Auricular branch of the vagus",
"Chorda Tympani",
"Glossopharyngeal(CN IX)",
"Lesser petrosal"
] | B | Chorda Tympani lies across the tympanic membrane, so it's possible that this nerve was injured by the pencil. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about atopic dermatitis are all except - | [
"Pruritus",
"Scratching",
"Mica like scales",
"Xerosis"
] | C | Mica like scales are characteristic of pityriasis lichenoidis chronica(PLC) Pruritus,scratching and Xe rosins are the features of atopic dermatitis. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2341 | train | med_mcqa | null |
An infant is crying excessively even after being given good fed. He is passing a large quantity of urine and repeatedly getting dehydrated. Urine examination shows no proteinuria and a specific gravity of 1004. The most likely diagnosis is – | [
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Diabetes insipidus",
"Congenital nephrotic syndrome",
"Protein losing enteropathy"
] | B | This child has low urinary specific gravity.
Amongst the given options only DI causes low urinary specific gravity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is very difficult to induce antibody - | [
"Polysaccharide",
"Protein",
"Antigen",
"Effector"
] | A | An antigen is any substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it. Antigens are usually peptides, polysaccharides or lipids. In general, molecules other than peptides (saccharides and lipids) qualify as antigens but not as immunogens since they cannot elicit an immune response on their own. Ref:... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lingula is a pa of: | [
"Left upper lobe",
"Left lower lobe",
"Right upper lobe",
"Right middle lobe"
] | A | Left upper lobe | train | med_mcqa | null |
In humans, effective renal blood flow is | [
"425",
"525",
"625",
"725"
] | C | 625Measure of Effective Renal Plasma Flow (ERPF):Is through PAH clearance In normal adult is about 625 ml/minuteHowever, PAH underestimates the effective renal plasma flow by about 10%.Therefore, actual renal plasma flow is about 700 ml/min. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following are ineffective against gram negative bacteria? | [
"Cefixime",
"Metronidazole",
"Vancomycine",
"Gentamycine"
] | C | Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Cefixine is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It has good activity for gram-negatives. Metroridozole is highly active against gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, such as B. fragil... | train | med_mcqa | null |
CuT 380A IUCD should be replaced once in ? | [
"4 yrs",
"6 yrs",
"8 yrs",
"10 yrs"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 10 yrs "The Cu-T 380A is approved for use for 10 years. However; the Cu-T 380A has been demonstrated to maintain its efficacy over at least 12 years of use". | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acute infectious diarrhea can be caused by all EXCEPT: | [
"Clostridium",
"Enterobacterium fecalis",
"Staphylococcus",
"Vibrio"
] | B | Enterobacterium fecalis REF: Harrison's 17edition, table 40.2 See APPENDIX-22 for "ACUTE INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA" | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kartagener's syndrome is characterized by- | [
"Infertility",
"Differential pulse",
"Ciliary dyskinesia",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above * Kartageners syndrome is a subgroup of primary ciliary dyskinesia.Primary ciliary dyskinesia:* It is an autosomal recessive syndrome.* It is characterized by poorly functioning cilia. There is absence or shortening of Dynein arms that are responsible for the coordinated bending of ci... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not an example of unilateral fixed space maintainer | [
"Distal Shoe",
"Band and loop",
"Nance arch",
"Crown and loop"
] | C | Nance arch is a bilateral fixed space maintainer indicated when there is bilateral tooth loss in the maxilla. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subepidermal bulla is seen in - | [
"Pemphigoid",
"Pemphigus",
"Pityriasis rosea",
"Psoriasis"
] | A | Ans-A | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is most likely to be affected in an anuerysm of posterior cerebral aery (PCA)? | [
"Hypophysis cerebri",
"Trochlear nerve",
"Oculomotor nerve",
"Optic nerve"
] | C | *A third nerve palsy may be present due to local pressure from an aneurysm of the posterior communicating aery. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2554 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ethambutol is avoided in children as it causes ? | [
"Dental maldevelopment",
"Visual disturbance",
"Renal failure",
"Growth retardation"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Visual disturbance | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 22-year-old man sees his ophthalmologist because it is becoming increasingly difficult for him to read the newspaper. His vision problem most likely results from an inability to contract which of the following? | [
"Iris",
"Ciliary body",
"Suspensory ligaments",
"Extraocular muscles"
] | B | Contracting the ciliary body increases the refractive power of the eye for near vision. When the ciliary muscle contracts, it pulls the suspensory ligaments toward the cornea, which causes the lens surface to bulge, increasing its refractive power. The muscles of the iris control the size of the pupils, and the extraoc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Malocclusion representing a transverse deficiency is often referred to as: | [
"Open bite",
"Closed bite",
"Crossbite",
"Deep bite"
] | C | ACKERMAN-PROFITT SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION
CHARACTERISTIC 1 – ALIGNMENT
Intra arch alignment and symmetry are assessed as when seen in the occlusal view.
A dental arch is classified as ideal / crowded / spaced.
CHARACTERISTIC 2 – PROFILE
The profile can be convex / straight / concave.
This also includes the assessment o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is vitamin K dependent clotting factor | [
"Factor 7",
"Factor 1",
"Factor 11",
"Factor 12"
] | A | Refer Gaming 21/e p 547 Vitamin K dependent factors are clotting factors 2 7 9 10 And anticlotting factors protein C and protein S | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following chelating agent is the degradation product of Penicillin? | [
"EDTA",
"Dimercaprol",
"Penicillamine",
"Desferioxamine"
] | C | Penicillamine- It is obtained as a degradation product of penicillin. It was found to have a strong copper chelating propey and was used in 1956 for Wilson's disease. It selectively chelates Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. The d-isomer is used therapeutically because the 1-isomer and the racemate produce optic neuritis and are mor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the key purpose of pharmacovigilance? | [
"To monitor drug toxicity",
"To monitor unauthorized drug manufacture",
"Monitoring of students",
"Check costs"
] | A | Pharmacovigilance (abbreted PV or PhV), also known as Drug Safety, is the pharmacological science relating to the collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention of adverse effects with pharmaceutical products. Pharmacovigilance studies play a major role in this population, paicularly those studies that i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45 year old woman presents to her physician because of a severe "sore throat." Physical examination demonstrates fever and an extremely tender, enlarged thyroid gland, but no throat erythema. Serum thyroid studies demonstrate a mild degree of hypehyroidism. Two months later, the patient is asymptomatic, and thyroid f... | [
"Diffuse nontoxic goiter",
"Graves disease",
"Hashimoto's thyroiditis",
"Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis"
] | D | This patient most likely has subacute granulomatous (de Quervain's) thyroiditis, which frequently develops after a viral infection. Microscopically, it is characterized by microabscess formation within the thyroid, eventually progressing to granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells. Clinically, patient... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cayenne-pepper appearance on diascopy is seen in | [
"Psoriasis",
"Discoid lupus erythematosus",
"Pemphigus",
"Systemic sclerosis"
] | B | Discoid lupus erythematosus a. Cyenne-pepper appearance of lesions on diascopy is seen in discoid lupus erythematosus. b. In discoid lupus erythematosus skin lesions usually, develop on the sun-exposed skin of the face and neck. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cofactor involved in metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids: | [
"Biotin",
"Vitamin B2",
"Vitamin B1",
"Vitamin B12"
] | D | Methionine (S-containing) metabolism requires three vitamins :- Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) Folate (vitamin B9) Cobalamin (vitamin B12). EXTRA EDGE: Defect in the metabolism of sulfur-containingaminoacids (homocysteine) due to the deficiency of cystathionine-b-synthase leads to homocystinuria and increases cardiovascular r... | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to WHO, the prevalence of leprosy is a major public health problem when the incidence is more than: | [
"0.10%",
"0.50%",
"0.01%",
"1%"
] | C | Ans is 'c' i.e. 0.01% Under the NLEP the goal is to reduce case load to 1 or less than I per 10000 population (i.e. 0.01)Thus leprosy will be a public health problem if its incidence is more than 0.01%.I admit, I haven't found the answer, written in any text but this is the inference I have drawn from Park.Case finding... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Renin is released from the kidney in all except: | [
"Sympathetic stimulation",
"Decrease in the concentration of sodium ions in the proximal tubules",
"Decrease in the concentration of sodium ions in the distal tubules",
"Fall in the BP"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ankylostoma enters the human body by - | [
"Ingestion",
"Inhalation",
"Penetration of skin",
"Inoculation"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following is not true about the gene mutations leading to breast carcinoma - | [
"Most common mutation in inherited breast carcinoma is BRCA1",
"BRCA 1 mutation is present in most of the cases of breast carcinoma",
"Inherited breast carcinomas make about 3 % of the total cases",
"p53 mutation also increases chances of colon and brain cancer"
] | B | Answer- B. BRCA 1 mutation is present in most of the cases of breast carcinomaGenetic mutations associated with breast cancer are of two types -i) Germline mutations (inherited mutations)Involved in familial cases of breast cancer.ii) Somatic mutations (acquired mutation)Involved in sporadic cases of breast cancer | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are indicated in a patient with cystinuria with multiple renal stones except: | [
"Cysteamine",
"Increase fluid intake",
"Alkalinization of urine",
"Penicillamine"
] | A | Ans. a. Cysteamine (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1868, 1871, 18/e p3221; Smith 17/e p249-254; Campbell 10th/1296-1302: Bailey 25/e p1295-1300)Patient with cystinuria with multiple renal stones should be treated with increase urine volume (high fluid intake), alkalinization of urine Penicillamine and tiopronin.Cystinuria (AR)Inh... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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