Xueren/EMS-Knowledge · Datasets at Hugging Face

file stringclasses 11 values	source stringclasses 1 value	topic stringclasses 11 values	section stringlengths 1 430	text stringlengths 0 49.5k
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	lpo	left posterior oblique
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	l&r	left and right
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	l-r	left to right
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	lrt	lower respiratory tract
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	l&u	lower and upper
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	lue	left upper extremity
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	lul	left upper lobe (lung)
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	luq	left upper quadrant
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	mcl	mid-clavicular line
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	ml	midline
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	msl	mid-sternal line
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	pa	posteroanterior
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	post.	posterior
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	prox	proximal
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	r	right
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	rad	right anterior descending
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	rao	right anterior oblique
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	r-l	right to left
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	rle	right lower extremity
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	rll	right lower lobe (lung)
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	rlq	right lower quadrant
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	rml	right middle lobe (lung)
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	rpo	right posterior oblique
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	rue	right upper extremity
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	rul	right upper lobe (lung)
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	ruq	right upper quadrant
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	sup	superior
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	u/l	upper and lower
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	ue	upper extremity
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	urt	upper respiratory tract
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	hematology	study of blood, and it's interactions with other systems in the body
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	hemolytic disorders	diseases that break down red blood cells (rbcs)
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	hemostatic disorders	clotting and bleeding abnormalities
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	blood is what type of tissue?	connective tissue
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	plasma	liquid portion of blood
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	blood volume in average adult body	5-6 liters
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	responsible for carrying oxygen to tissues	hemoglobin
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	fibrin	bodily material that clots are made out of
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	white blood cell (wbc) function	maintenance and strengthening of the immune system
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	hemoglobin is found within what type of blood cell?	rbc - red blood cell
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	hematopoietic system	the organs and tissues involved in the production of blood
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	tissue portion of blood	formed elements
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	formed elements in blood	99% rbcs - erythrocytes 1% wbcs - leukocytes, and platelets - thrombocytes
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	hemostasis	facilitates the body to control bleeding through coagulation, platelet plugging, and vascular spasm.
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	clotting cascade	process in body where clotting factors work together to form fibrin
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	organ that produces clotting factors	the liver
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	stem cells	cells that develop into other kinds of cells within the body
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	this portion of blood is 90% water	plasma, so stay hydrated!
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	hematocrit	measures the proportion of rbcs in blood
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	location of blood platelet storage	spleen
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	immune system function	protects the human body from invading organisms or substances that are foreign, or considered foreign
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	allergen	substance that triggers allergic symptoms in an individual
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	antibody	aka immunoglobulin, a protein that recognizes an antigen and counteracts its effects
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	antigen	foreign substance or organism that triggers an immune response, will trigger antibody response
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	systemic reaction	reaction that effects the entire body, usually involving multiple body systems
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	allergic reaction	abnormal immune response that occurs after the body has been exposed to an allergen
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	anaphylaxis	a severe, potentially life threatening allergic reaction that occurs after the body has been exposed to an allergen that it has a hypersensitivity to
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	innate immunity	immunity the body is naturally born with
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	adaptive immunity	immunity that is specific to a pathogen, allowing for the immune system to form memory around the invader and the response
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	integument	the skin - the body's first line of defense against a threat to health
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	hypersensitivity	immune system overreaction to something that is perceived as harmful
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	biphasic reaction	an allergic reaction that happens in two phases, once directly after exposure to an allergen, and then later after the initial symptoms have subsided
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	prolonged reaction	symptoms of anaphylaxis that can last hours, up to days, at a time
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	anaphylactoid reaction	allergic reaction that is clinically similar to anaphylaxis, but is caused by a non-immune mediated response
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	macrophage cell	cells that specialize in the identification and destruction of harmful bacteria in the body
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	natural killer cell	cells that are the defense against both cancerous and vitally infected cells
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	chemical mediators	function to reduce inflammation and promote healing
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	hematopoiesis	blood cell production, specifically wbcs, that occurs in the bone marrow
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	leukocytes	white blood cells (wbcs) - responsible for counteracting disease and foreign substances
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	interferon cell	protein that prevents viral replication, released by virally infected cells
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	what happens to bladder capacity with aging?	bladder capacity decreases
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	what function does a ureter serve?	ureters drain urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	where are the kidney's located?	left kidney: behind the spleen, just inferior to the rib cage right kidney: behind the liver, just inferior to the rib cage
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	what structures are shared between the urinary and reproductive systems in men?	the testes, epididymis and vas deferens, prostate gland, and penis
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	what is the functional unit of the kidney called?	what is the functional unit of the kidney called?
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	what is the common name for a renal calculi?	kidney stone
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: nocturia	night time urination
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: hematuria	blood in urine
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: polyuria	excessive urination
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: dysuria	discomfort or burning with urination
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	s/s of kidney stones	renal colic (severe flank pain) and back pain abdominal pain may start as vague visceral pain, progressing to extremely sharp, radiating to pelvis, groin, or genitals increased pain, urgency, and frequency of urination hematuria fever pale, cool, clammy skin
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	what is benign prostate hypertrophy?	noncancerous enlargement of the prostate
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	what structures do the female reproductive system share with the urinary system?	none
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	what are the main functions of the urinary system?	regulation of blood volume regulation of ph (acid/base) regulation of water/electrolyte balance blood filtration removing waste and toxins regulating arterial blood pressure production of red blood cells regulation of glucose
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	is the urinary bladder classified as a solid or hollow organ?
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: renal colic	a severe form of sudden onset flank pain
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	s/s: epididymitis	1. swelling and pain in the scrotum 2. enlarged testes 3. swollen groin on affected side 4. testicular pain that worsens with bowel movement 5. fever f. urethral discharge
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	s/s: fourmier’s gangrene	1. crepitus of skin 2. grey/black color of tissues with significant drainage 3. fever 4. pain
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: phimosis	condition where the foreskin is too tight to be pulled around the head of the penis
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: priapism	painful and prolonged erection
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	four categories of uti (based on location)	urethritis: in the urethra cystitis: in the urinary bladder prostatitis: prostate gland (men) pyelonephritis: kidney
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: pyelonephritis	a type of uti, specifically an infection in the kidney
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: nephron	the functional unit of the kidney
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: ureter	structure that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	preferred analgesic for flank pain	tordol (ketorolac) has been shown to be most effective for renal colic (flank pain) narcotics are the second choice, if tordol isn't available
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	most common ph issue that arises from a gu disorder	metabolic acidosis
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	at what age is testicular torsion most likely to occur?	can occur at any age, however more common in early adolescence and infancy
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	changes to gu system in elderly (8)	1. reduction in renal function 2. reduction in renal blood flow 3. tubule degeneration 4. decreased bladder capacity 5. decline in sphincter muscle control 6. decline in voiding senses 7. increase nocturia 8. benign prostatic hypertrophy (males)
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	define: benign prostatic hypertrophy (bph)	noncancerous enlargement of the prostate
anatomy.json	knowledge	anatomy	s/s: testicular torsion	1. sudden onset of severe pain in one testis 2. swelling on one side of scrotum 3. testicular lump 4. blood in semen

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

lpo

left posterior oblique

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

l&r

left and right

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

l-r

left to right

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

lrt

lower respiratory tract

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

l&u

lower and upper

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

lue

left upper extremity

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

lul

left upper lobe (lung)

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

luq

left upper quadrant

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

mcl

mid-clavicular line

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

ml

midline

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

msl

mid-sternal line

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

pa

posteroanterior

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

post.

posterior

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

prox

proximal

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

r

right

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

rad

right anterior descending

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

rao

right anterior oblique

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

r-l

right to left

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

rle

right lower extremity

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

rll

right lower lobe (lung)

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

rlq

right lower quadrant

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

rml

right middle lobe (lung)

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

rpo

right posterior oblique

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

rue

right upper extremity

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

rul

right upper lobe (lung)

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

ruq

right upper quadrant

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

sup

superior

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

u/l

upper and lower

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

ue

upper extremity

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

urt

upper respiratory tract

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

hematology

study of blood, and it's interactions with other systems in the body

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

hemolytic disorders

diseases that break down red blood cells (rbcs)

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

hemostatic disorders

clotting and bleeding abnormalities

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

blood is what type of tissue?

connective tissue

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

plasma

liquid portion of blood

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

blood volume in average adult body

5-6 liters

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

responsible for carrying oxygen to tissues

hemoglobin

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

fibrin

bodily material that clots are made out of

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

white blood cell (wbc) function

maintenance and strengthening of the immune system

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

hemoglobin is found within what type of blood cell?

rbc - red blood cell

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

hematopoietic system

the organs and tissues involved in the production of blood

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

tissue portion of blood

formed elements

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

formed elements in blood

99% rbcs - erythrocytes 1% wbcs - leukocytes, and platelets - thrombocytes

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

hemostasis

facilitates the body to control bleeding through coagulation, platelet plugging, and vascular spasm.

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

clotting cascade

process in body where clotting factors work together to form fibrin

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

organ that produces clotting factors

the liver

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

stem cells

cells that develop into other kinds of cells within the body

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

this portion of blood is 90% water

plasma, so stay hydrated!

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

hematocrit

measures the proportion of rbcs in blood

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

location of blood platelet storage

spleen

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

immune system function

protects the human body from invading organisms or substances that are foreign, or considered foreign

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

allergen

substance that triggers allergic symptoms in an individual

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

antibody

aka immunoglobulin, a protein that recognizes an antigen and counteracts its effects

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

antigen

foreign substance or organism that triggers an immune response, will trigger antibody response

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

systemic reaction

reaction that effects the entire body, usually involving multiple body systems

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

allergic reaction

abnormal immune response that occurs after the body has been exposed to an allergen

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

anaphylaxis

a severe, potentially life threatening allergic reaction that occurs after the body has been exposed to an allergen that it has a hypersensitivity to

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

innate immunity

immunity the body is naturally born with

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

adaptive immunity

immunity that is specific to a pathogen, allowing for the immune system to form memory around the invader and the response

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

integument

the skin - the body's first line of defense against a threat to health

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

hypersensitivity

immune system overreaction to something that is perceived as harmful

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

biphasic reaction

an allergic reaction that happens in two phases, once directly after exposure to an allergen, and then later after the initial symptoms have subsided

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

prolonged reaction

symptoms of anaphylaxis that can last hours, up to days, at a time

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

anaphylactoid reaction

allergic reaction that is clinically similar to anaphylaxis, but is caused by a non-immune mediated response

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

macrophage cell

cells that specialize in the identification and destruction of harmful bacteria in the body

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

natural killer cell

cells that are the defense against both cancerous and vitally infected cells

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

chemical mediators

function to reduce inflammation and promote healing

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

hematopoiesis

blood cell production, specifically wbcs, that occurs in the bone marrow

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

leukocytes

white blood cells (wbcs) - responsible for counteracting disease and foreign substances

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

interferon cell

protein that prevents viral replication, released by virally infected cells

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

what happens to bladder capacity with aging?

bladder capacity decreases

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

what function does a ureter serve?

ureters drain urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

where are the kidney's located?

left kidney: behind the spleen, just inferior to the rib cage right kidney: behind the liver, just inferior to the rib cage

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

what structures are shared between the urinary and reproductive systems in men?

the testes, epididymis and vas deferens, prostate gland, and penis

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

what is the functional unit of the kidney called?

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

what is the common name for a renal calculi?

kidney stone

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: nocturia

night time urination

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: hematuria

blood in urine

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: polyuria

excessive urination

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: dysuria

discomfort or burning with urination

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

s/s of kidney stones

renal colic (severe flank pain) and back pain abdominal pain may start as vague visceral pain, progressing to extremely sharp, radiating to pelvis, groin, or genitals increased pain, urgency, and frequency of urination hematuria fever pale, cool, clammy skin

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

what is benign prostate hypertrophy?

noncancerous enlargement of the prostate

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

what structures do the female reproductive system share with the urinary system?

none

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

what are the main functions of the urinary system?

regulation of blood volume regulation of ph (acid/base) regulation of water/electrolyte balance blood filtration removing waste and toxins regulating arterial blood pressure production of red blood cells regulation of glucose

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

is the urinary bladder classified as a solid or hollow organ?

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: renal colic

a severe form of sudden onset flank pain

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

s/s: epididymitis

1. swelling and pain in the scrotum 2. enlarged testes 3. swollen groin on affected side 4. testicular pain that worsens with bowel movement 5. fever f. urethral discharge

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

s/s: fourmier’s gangrene

1. crepitus of skin 2. grey/black color of tissues with significant drainage 3. fever 4. pain

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: phimosis

condition where the foreskin is too tight to be pulled around the head of the penis

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: priapism

painful and prolonged erection

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

four categories of uti (based on location)

urethritis: in the urethra cystitis: in the urinary bladder prostatitis: prostate gland (men) pyelonephritis: kidney

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: pyelonephritis

a type of uti, specifically an infection in the kidney

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: nephron

the functional unit of the kidney

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: ureter

structure that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

preferred analgesic for flank pain

tordol (ketorolac) has been shown to be most effective for renal colic (flank pain) narcotics are the second choice, if tordol isn't available

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

most common ph issue that arises from a gu disorder

metabolic acidosis

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

at what age is testicular torsion most likely to occur?

can occur at any age, however more common in early adolescence and infancy

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

changes to gu system in elderly (8)

1. reduction in renal function 2. reduction in renal blood flow 3. tubule degeneration 4. decreased bladder capacity 5. decline in sphincter muscle control 6. decline in voiding senses 7. increase nocturia 8. benign prostatic hypertrophy (males)

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

define: benign prostatic hypertrophy (bph)

noncancerous enlargement of the prostate

anatomy.json

knowledge

anatomy

s/s: testicular torsion

1. sudden onset of severe pain in one testis 2. swelling on one side of scrotum 3. testicular lump 4. blood in semen