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"abstract": "Cloud computing has been one of the fastest growing components of the IT industry. It altered the future of the web by having computing, communication, and storage provides as services to internet users. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is currently gaining steam as an extension to cloud computing as it delivers a large variety of cloud application to billions of smartphones and wearable devices. This paper studies reliability for MCC by determining the ability of a system component to function correctly under different scenarios for a specified period of time. Our aim is to be able to estimate and manage uncertainty and risks of failure. The assessment procedures consist of determine Mean Time between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), and availability percentages for main components in both cloud computing and MCC structures applied on single node OpenStack installation to analyze its performance with different settings governing the behavior of participants. Additionally, we present here several factors with significant impact on the overall cloud system reliability that should be taken into account in order to deliver highly available cloud computing services for mobile consumers.",
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"content": "Cloud computing has been one of the fastest growing components of the IT industry. It altered the future of the web by having computing, communication, and storage provides as services to internet users. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is currently gaining steam as an extension to cloud computing as it delivers a large variety of cloud application to billions of smartphones and wearable devices. This paper studies reliability for MCC by determining the ability of a system component to function correctly under different scenarios for a specified period of time. Our aim is to be able to estimate and manage uncertainty and risks of failure. The assessment procedures consist of determine Mean Time between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), and availability percentages for main components in both cloud computing and MCC structures applied on single node OpenStack installation to analyze its performance with different settings governing the behavior of participants. Additionally, we present here several factors with significant impact on the overall cloud system reliability that should be taken into account in order to deliver highly available cloud computing services for mobile consumers.",
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"title": "The Big Bang Theory of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture: Gazing Through the Computational Fluid Dynamics Telescope",
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"abstract": "Aneurysms are out-pouchings of blood vessels typically arising at branch points. They pose a significant health risk by a potential to fatal rupture. With advancements in medical imaging, improved access to medical services and preemptive medical check-ups, the pick-up rate of un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) has increased tremendously. Stratification of the risk of rupture of un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms has been a challenge for investigators. Computational simulations of blood flow through aneurysms holds promise to equip clinicians make crucial decisions in the management of intracranial aneurysms. The imaging data of seventeen patients with intracranial aneurysms were processed and flow analyzed. Wall shear stress, pressure distribution and velocity streamlines were determined and depicted on the aneurysm. Areas of high wall shear stress correlated with the impingement sites of inlet. I et of the blood. Flow velocity streamlines depicted within the three-dimensional structure of the aneurysm help understand the impingement site of the inlet blood stream, the flow pattern within the aneurysm and vortices. Pressure distribution patterns also matched impingement zones in the aneurysm. The methodology used in the study is simple and reproducible yielding results to equip clinicians to make crucial and timely judgments in the management of un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Assimilation of a larger database of CFD based simulations on intracranial aneurysms will expand the possibility of identifying statistically significant variables which could help predict the rupture potential of aneurysms.",
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"abstract": "Developing an efficient system for automated detection and segmentation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) became an active research topic recently. However, existing methods are poor in detecting small IA with high false positives. In this paper, we present a feature enrichment (FE) based deep learning method for robust IA detection and segmentation. The FE technique is featured by reconstructing a 3D model from all computed tomography angiography (CTA) images and then projecting 3D information into the so-called projection images of different slicing levels along various directions. The appearances of aneurysms in the projection images are enhanced in morphology and 3D neighborhood features, and thus are easy to be detected and segmented by the widely-used faster RCNN and V-Net. To evaluate our method, we collect CTA images from 145 patients (including 148 IAs) for training and testing. The proposed method achieves 96.0 % sensitivity for all aneurysms, and 80.0% sensitivity for aneurysms smaller than 4mm, better than the state-of-the-art methods. Also, the segmentation performance is improved on the detected IAs.",
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"doi": "10.1109/ICPR56361.2022.9956393",
"title": "Toward a 3D Arterial Tree Bifurcation Model for Intra-Cranial Aneurysm Detection and Segmentation",
"normalizedTitle": "Toward a 3D Arterial Tree Bifurcation Model for Intra-Cranial Aneurysm Detection and Segmentation",
"abstract": "An accurate detection of intracranial aneurysms is of paramount importance for a timely diagnosis and a possible treatment. Indeed, intracranial aneurysms (ICA) need to be detected at an early stage, and their evolution must be closely monitored before any treatment becomes hazardous. Numerous methods have been proposed to detect ICA either on Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) on Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), or Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) Time-Of-Flight (TOF) modalities. In the present study, we are particularly interested in the saccular ICA occurring onto the vascular tree's bifurcations, and we specifically focus our research on MRA-TOF acquisitions. We propose a synthetic model of both the artery bifurcation and the aneurysm itself. We are able to very accurately model some vasculature bifurcations as they are represented on TOF acquisitions. Their geometrical disposition, the various background noises and the aneurysm's shapes and positions are rigorously reproduced. The purpose of this approach is to alleviate the burden of a ground-truth manual segmentation commonly required when using deep-learning for object detection or semantic segmentation. Our model is highly configurable and intends to produce vast datasets used to feed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the automatic detection and segmentation of the saccular ICAs. In this preliminary study we only intend to propose a model for 3D aneurysm-bearing bifurcations. Evidently, a thorough evaluation of the model's accuracy is conducted. A preliminary experiment was conducted on a reduced dataset in order to assess the applicability of our bifurcation model. In future works, we will enhance the bifurcation model and propose an in-depth evaluation via Deep Learning methods.",
"abstracts": [
{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "An accurate detection of intracranial aneurysms is of paramount importance for a timely diagnosis and a possible treatment. Indeed, intracranial aneurysms (ICA) need to be detected at an early stage, and their evolution must be closely monitored before any treatment becomes hazardous. Numerous methods have been proposed to detect ICA either on Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) on Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), or Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) Time-Of-Flight (TOF) modalities. In the present study, we are particularly interested in the saccular ICA occurring onto the vascular tree's bifurcations, and we specifically focus our research on MRA-TOF acquisitions. We propose a synthetic model of both the artery bifurcation and the aneurysm itself. We are able to very accurately model some vasculature bifurcations as they are represented on TOF acquisitions. Their geometrical disposition, the various background noises and the aneurysm's shapes and positions are rigorously reproduced. The purpose of this approach is to alleviate the burden of a ground-truth manual segmentation commonly required when using deep-learning for object detection or semantic segmentation. Our model is highly configurable and intends to produce vast datasets used to feed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the automatic detection and segmentation of the saccular ICAs. In this preliminary study we only intend to propose a model for 3D aneurysm-bearing bifurcations. Evidently, a thorough evaluation of the model's accuracy is conducted. A preliminary experiment was conducted on a reduced dataset in order to assess the applicability of our bifurcation model. In future works, we will enhance the bifurcation model and propose an in-depth evaluation via Deep Learning methods.",
"__typename": "ArticleAbstractType"
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"normalizedAbstract": "An accurate detection of intracranial aneurysms is of paramount importance for a timely diagnosis and a possible treatment. Indeed, intracranial aneurysms (ICA) need to be detected at an early stage, and their evolution must be closely monitored before any treatment becomes hazardous. Numerous methods have been proposed to detect ICA either on Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) on Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), or Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) Time-Of-Flight (TOF) modalities. In the present study, we are particularly interested in the saccular ICA occurring onto the vascular tree's bifurcations, and we specifically focus our research on MRA-TOF acquisitions. We propose a synthetic model of both the artery bifurcation and the aneurysm itself. We are able to very accurately model some vasculature bifurcations as they are represented on TOF acquisitions. Their geometrical disposition, the various background noises and the aneurysm's shapes and positions are rigorously reproduced. The purpose of this approach is to alleviate the burden of a ground-truth manual segmentation commonly required when using deep-learning for object detection or semantic segmentation. Our model is highly configurable and intends to produce vast datasets used to feed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the automatic detection and segmentation of the saccular ICAs. In this preliminary study we only intend to propose a model for 3D aneurysm-bearing bifurcations. Evidently, a thorough evaluation of the model's accuracy is conducted. A preliminary experiment was conducted on a reduced dataset in order to assess the applicability of our bifurcation model. In future works, we will enhance the bifurcation model and propose an in-depth evaluation via Deep Learning methods.",
"fno": "09956393",
"keywords": [
"Bifurcation",
"Biomedical MRI",
"Blood Vessels",
"Computerised Tomography",
"Diagnostic Radiography",
"Diseases",
"Haemodynamics",
"Image Segmentation",
"Learning Artificial Intelligence",
"Medical Image Processing",
"Neural Nets",
"Object Detection",
"Physiological Models",
"3 D Arterial Tree Bifurcation Model",
"Aneurysm Bearing",
"Artery Bifurcation",
"Automatic Detection",
"Computed Tomography Angiography",
"Deep Learning Methods",
"Digital Subtraction Angiography",
"Ground Truth Manual Segmentation",
"Intra Cranial Aneurysm Detection",
"Intracranial Aneurysms",
"MRA TOF Acquisitions",
"Object Detection",
"Possible Treatment",
"Saccular ICA",
"Semantic Segmentation",
"Synthetic Model",
"Time Of Flight Modalities",
"Timely Diagnosis",
"Vascular Tree",
"Vasculature Bifurcations",
"Solid Modeling",
"Three Dimensional Displays",
"Angiography",
"Aneurysm",
"Manuals",
"Bifurcation",
"Pattern Recognition",
"Intracranial Aneurysm Detection",
"Synthetic Bifurcation Model"
],
"authors": [
{
"affiliation": "Univ. of Nantes,LTeN, Polytech' Nantes (U6607), and RMeS (U1229),France",
"fullName": "Florent Autrusseau",
"givenName": "Florent",
"surname": "Autrusseau",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": "INSERM, U1087, ITX,Nantes,44007",
"fullName": "Rafic Nader",
"givenName": "Rafic",
"surname": "Nader",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": "Ibn Tofail Univ.,SETIME Lab, Faculty of Sciences,Kenitra,Morocco,14000",
"fullName": "Anass Nouri",
"givenName": "Anass",
"surname": "Nouri",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
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{
"affiliation": "CHU d'Angers,Angers,France,49933",
"fullName": "Vincent L’Allinec",
"givenName": "Vincent",
"surname": "L’Allinec",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
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{
"affiliation": "INSERM, U1087, ITX, CHU de Nantes,Nantes,France,44007",
"fullName": "Romain Bourcier",
"givenName": "Romain",
"surname": "Bourcier",
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"proceeding": {
"id": "1M4rj9heeBi",
"title": "2022 12th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME)",
"acronym": "itme",
"groupId": "1002567",
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"article": {
"id": "1M4rsSEtc1W",
"doi": "10.1109/ITME56794.2022.00101",
"title": "Application of Tirofiban for Stent-Assisted Coiling in Acutely Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms",
"normalizedTitle": "Application of Tirofiban for Stent-Assisted Coiling in Acutely Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms",
"abstract": "Objective: To investigate the use of Tirofiban for stent-assisted coiling (SAC) in patients with acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms (ARICA).Methods: The clinical data of 46 patients with a total of 47 intracranial aneurysms treated in with SAC within 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the Department of Neurointervention, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Since oral antiplatelet agents cannot be taken preoperatively, these patients were intravenously infused with tirofiban hydrochloride (10 μg/kg, completed within 3 min) before stent deployment, followed by 0.10 μg/kg/min via continuous intravenous pumping for 12 hours. Aspirin enteric-coated tablets (300 mg) and clopidogrel tablets (300mg) were given orally or nasal feeding 4 hours before the discontinuation of tirofiban. After 24 hours, aspirin enteric-coated tablets (100 mg) were given on a daily basis, in combination with oral clopidogrel tablets (75mg) for 2 months, and aspirin enteric-coated tablets were administered as a monotherapy for 4 months.Results: The perioperative complications included intraoperative aneurysm re-rupture (n=1), postoperative intracranial hemorrhage (n=1), stent thrombosis (n=2), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (n=2). No urinary tract or intra-abdominal bleeding was observed. After the surgery, 20 patients underwent lumbar puncture or continued lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage and 4 patients received ventricular puncture and drainage. No thrombocytopenia was noted.Conclusions: In patients with ARICA who are not able to receive prompt dual antiplatelet therapy, tirofiban hydrochloride is an effective alternative that can be used during SAC for ARICA.",
"abstracts": [
{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "Objective: To investigate the use of Tirofiban for stent-assisted coiling (SAC) in patients with acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms (ARICA).Methods: The clinical data of 46 patients with a total of 47 intracranial aneurysms treated in with SAC within 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the Department of Neurointervention, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Since oral antiplatelet agents cannot be taken preoperatively, these patients were intravenously infused with tirofiban hydrochloride (10 μg/kg, completed within 3 min) before stent deployment, followed by 0.10 μg/kg/min via continuous intravenous pumping for 12 hours. Aspirin enteric-coated tablets (300 mg) and clopidogrel tablets (300mg) were given orally or nasal feeding 4 hours before the discontinuation of tirofiban. After 24 hours, aspirin enteric-coated tablets (100 mg) were given on a daily basis, in combination with oral clopidogrel tablets (75mg) for 2 months, and aspirin enteric-coated tablets were administered as a monotherapy for 4 months.Results: The perioperative complications included intraoperative aneurysm re-rupture (n=1), postoperative intracranial hemorrhage (n=1), stent thrombosis (n=2), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (n=2). No urinary tract or intra-abdominal bleeding was observed. After the surgery, 20 patients underwent lumbar puncture or continued lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage and 4 patients received ventricular puncture and drainage. No thrombocytopenia was noted.Conclusions: In patients with ARICA who are not able to receive prompt dual antiplatelet therapy, tirofiban hydrochloride is an effective alternative that can be used during SAC for ARICA.",
"__typename": "ArticleAbstractType"
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],
"normalizedAbstract": "Objective: To investigate the use of Tirofiban for stent-assisted coiling (SAC) in patients with acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms (ARICA).Methods: The clinical data of 46 patients with a total of 47 intracranial aneurysms treated in with SAC within 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the Department of Neurointervention, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Since oral antiplatelet agents cannot be taken preoperatively, these patients were intravenously infused with tirofiban hydrochloride (10 μg/kg, completed within 3 min) before stent deployment, followed by 0.10 μg/kg/min via continuous intravenous pumping for 12 hours. Aspirin enteric-coated tablets (300 mg) and clopidogrel tablets (300mg) were given orally or nasal feeding 4 hours before the discontinuation of tirofiban. After 24 hours, aspirin enteric-coated tablets (100 mg) were given on a daily basis, in combination with oral clopidogrel tablets (75mg) for 2 months, and aspirin enteric-coated tablets were administered as a monotherapy for 4 months.Results: The perioperative complications included intraoperative aneurysm re-rupture (n=1), postoperative intracranial hemorrhage (n=1), stent thrombosis (n=2), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (n=2). No urinary tract or intra-abdominal bleeding was observed. After the surgery, 20 patients underwent lumbar puncture or continued lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage and 4 patients received ventricular puncture and drainage. No thrombocytopenia was noted.Conclusions: In patients with ARICA who are not able to receive prompt dual antiplatelet therapy, tirofiban hydrochloride is an effective alternative that can be used during SAC for ARICA.",
"fno": "101500a444",
"keywords": [
"Biochemistry",
"Biological Organs",
"Biomedical Measurement",
"Blood",
"Blood Vessels",
"Brain",
"Cardiovascular System",
"Diagnostic Radiography",
"Diseases",
"Drugs",
"Haemodynamics",
"Haemorheology",
"Medical Disorders",
"Medical Image Processing",
"Stents",
"Surgery",
"ARICA",
"Aspirin Enteric Coated Tablets",
"Capital Medical University",
"Continuous Intravenous Pumping",
"Intraoperative Aneurysm Rerupture",
"Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage",
"Mass 100 0 Mg",
"Mass 300 0 Mg",
"Mass 75 0 Mg",
"Nasal Feeding",
"Oral Antiplatelet Agents",
"Oral Clopidogrel Tablets",
"Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms",
"Stent Deployment",
"Stent Assisted Coiling",
"Surgery",
"Time 12 0 Hour",
"Time 2 0 Month",
"Time 24 0 Hour",
"Time 3 0 Min",
"Time 4 0 Hour",
"Time 72 0 Hour",
"Tirofiban Hydrochloride",
"Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding",
"Aspirin",
"Hospitals",
"Surgery",
"Nose",
"Aneurysm",
"Parietal Lobe",
"Gastrointestinal Tract",
"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage",
"Intracranial Aneurysm",
"Tirofiban Hydrochloride",
"Stent"
],
"authors": [
{
"affiliation": "Beijing Neurosurgical Institute,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China",
"fullName": "Wei Li",
"givenName": "Wei",
"surname": "Li",
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"affiliation": "The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College,Xingtai,China",
"fullName": "Na Li",
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"surname": "Li",
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{
"affiliation": "The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College,Xingtai,China",
"fullName": "Qing Miao",
"givenName": "Qing",
"surname": "Miao",
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"affiliation": "Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital,Shijiazhuang,China",
"fullName": "Zhe Qu",
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"affiliation": "Capital Medical University,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Beijing,China",
"fullName": "You-Xiang Li",
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"affiliation": "Beijing Neurosurgical Institute,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China",
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"abstract": "Grasping is one of the fundamental actions we perform to interact with objects in real environments, and in the real world we rarely experience difficulty picking up objects. Grasping plays a fundamental role for interactive virtual reality (VR) systems that are increasingly employed not only for recreational purposes, but also for training in industrial contexts, in medical tasks, and for rehabilitation protocols. To ensure the effectiveness of such VR applications, we must understand whether the same grasping behaviors and strategies employed in the real world are adopted when interacting with objects in VR. To this aim, we replicated in VR an experimental paradigm employed to investigate grasping behavior in the real world. We tracked participants' forefinger and thumb as they picked up, in a VR environment, unfamiliar objects presented at different orientations, and exhibiting the same physics behavior of their real counterparts. We compared grasping behavior within and across participants, in VR and in the corresponding real world situation. Our findings highlight the similarities and differences in grasping behavior in real and virtual environments.",
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"content": "Grasping is one of the fundamental actions we perform to interact with objects in real environments, and in the real world we rarely experience difficulty picking up objects. Grasping plays a fundamental role for interactive virtual reality (VR) systems that are increasingly employed not only for recreational purposes, but also for training in industrial contexts, in medical tasks, and for rehabilitation protocols. To ensure the effectiveness of such VR applications, we must understand whether the same grasping behaviors and strategies employed in the real world are adopted when interacting with objects in VR. To this aim, we replicated in VR an experimental paradigm employed to investigate grasping behavior in the real world. We tracked participants' forefinger and thumb as they picked up, in a VR environment, unfamiliar objects presented at different orientations, and exhibiting the same physics behavior of their real counterparts. We compared grasping behavior within and across participants, in VR and in the corresponding real world situation. Our findings highlight the similarities and differences in grasping behavior in real and virtual environments.",
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"affiliation": "University of Genoa, Italy",
"fullName": "Manuela Chessa",
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"affiliation": "Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany",
"fullName": "Guido Maiello",
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{
"affiliation": "Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany",
"fullName": "Lina K Klein",
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{
"affiliation": "Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany",
"fullName": "Vivian C Paulun",
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{
"affiliation": "University of Genoa, Italy",
"fullName": "Fabio Solari",
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"title": "2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games)",
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"abstract": "This paper presents the use of rendered visual cues as drop shadows and their impact on overall usability and accuracy of grasping interactions for Augmented Reality (AR). We report on two conditions; grasping with drop shadows and without drop shadows and analyse a total of 910 grasps. We report on the accuracy of Grasp Aperture (GAp), Grasp Displacement (GDisp), completion time and usability metrics from 30 participants. A comprehensive statistical analysis of the results is presented giving comparisons of the inclusion of drop shadows in AR grasping. Findings showed that the use of drop shadows increases usability of AR grasping while significantly decreasing task completion time. Furthermore drop shadows also significantly improve user's depth estimation of AR object position. However, this study also shows that using drop shadows does not improve user's object size estimation, which remains as a problematic element in grasping AR interaction literature.",
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"content": "This paper presents the use of rendered visual cues as drop shadows and their impact on overall usability and accuracy of grasping interactions for Augmented Reality (AR). We report on two conditions; grasping with drop shadows and without drop shadows and analyse a total of 910 grasps. We report on the accuracy of Grasp Aperture (GAp), Grasp Displacement (GDisp), completion time and usability metrics from 30 participants. A comprehensive statistical analysis of the results is presented giving comparisons of the inclusion of drop shadows in AR grasping. Findings showed that the use of drop shadows increases usability of AR grasping while significantly decreasing task completion time. Furthermore drop shadows also significantly improve user's depth estimation of AR object position. However, this study also shows that using drop shadows does not improve user's object size estimation, which remains as a problematic element in grasping AR interaction literature.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "This paper presents the use of rendered visual cues as drop shadows and their impact on overall usability and accuracy of grasping interactions for Augmented Reality (AR). We report on two conditions; grasping with drop shadows and without drop shadows and analyse a total of 910 grasps. We report on the accuracy of Grasp Aperture (GAp), Grasp Displacement (GDisp), completion time and usability metrics from 30 participants. A comprehensive statistical analysis of the results is presented giving comparisons of the inclusion of drop shadows in AR grasping. Findings showed that the use of drop shadows increases usability of AR grasping while significantly decreasing task completion time. Furthermore drop shadows also significantly improve user's depth estimation of AR object position. However, this study also shows that using drop shadows does not improve user's object size estimation, which remains as a problematic element in grasping AR interaction literature.",
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"keywords": [
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"affiliation": "Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom",
"fullName": "Maadh Al-Kalbani",
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"abstract": "We develop a novel approach to generate human body models in a variety of shapes and poses via tuning semantic parameters. Our approach is investigated with datasets of up to 3000 scanned body models which have been placed in point to point correspondence. Correspondence is established by nonrigid deformation of a template mesh. The large dataset allows a local model to be learned robustly, in which individual parts of the human body can be accurately reshaped according to semantic parameters. We evaluate performance on two datasets and find that our model outperforms existing methods.",
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"abstract": "Based on ergonomics theory, the paper analyzes the influencing factors of automobile driving comfort, from two sides, that are, physiological form of human sitting posture and body press distribution. On this basis, human physiological curve, the pressure curve and their function expressions are fitted through mathematical software. And combining the seat material properties, the seat curve in line with the human ecology is deduced, which provides new ideas for the seat design. Finally, this paper identifies H-point and draws the mating graph of seat surface curves and dummy.",
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"title": "2009 Sixth International Symposium on Voronoi Diagrams",
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"doi": "10.1109/ISVD.2009.36",
"title": "Geometry and Morphology of the Cosmic Web: Analyzing Spatial Patterns in the Universe",
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"abstract": "We review the analysis of the Cosmic Web by means of an extensive toolset based on the use of Delaunay and Voronoi tessellations. The Cosmic Web is the salientand pervasive foamlike pattern in which matter has organized itself on scales of a few up to more than a hundred Megaparsec. The weblike spatial arrangementof galaxies and mass into elongated filaments,sheetlike walls and dense compact clusters, the existence of large near-empty void regions and the hierarchical nature of this mass distribution are three major characteristics of the comsic matter distribution.First, we describe the Delaunay Tessellation Field Estimator.Using the unique adaptive qualities of Voronoi and Delaunay tessellations, DTFE infers the densityfield from the (contiguous) Voronoi tessellation of a sampled galaxy or simulation particle distribution and uses the Delaunay tessellation as adaptive grid for defining continuous volume-filling fields of density and other measured quantities through linear interpolation. The resulting DTFE formalism is shown to recover the hierarchical nature and the anisotropic morphologyof the cosmic matter distribution. The Multiscale Morphology Filter (MMF) uses the DTFE density field to extract the diverse morphological elements - filaments, sheets and clusters - on the basis of a ScaleSpace analysis which searches for these morphologies over a range of scales. Subsequently, we discuss the Watershed Voidfinder (WVF), which invokes the discrete watershed transform to identify voids in the cosmic matter distribution. The WVF is able todetermine the location, size and shape of the voids. The watershed transform is also a key element in the SpineWeb analysis of the cosmic matter distribution. Finding its mathematical foundation in Morse theory, it allowsthe determination of the filamentary spine and connected walls in the cosmic matter density field through the identification of the singularities and corresponding separatrices. The first results of a directimplementation on the Delaunay tessellation itself are presented. Finally, we describe the concept of Alphashapes for assessing the topology of the cosmic matter distribution.",
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"keywords": [
"Astronomy Computing",
"Clusters Of Galaxies",
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"Near Empty Void Regions",
"Universe",
"Geometry",
"Morphology",
"Pattern Analysis",
"Discrete Transforms",
"Density Measurement",
"Volume Measurement",
"Particle Measurements",
"Interpolation",
"Anisotropic Magnetoresistance",
"Filters",
"Cosmology",
"Theory",
"Large Scale",
"Structure Of Universe",
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"affiliation": "Dept. Phys. & Astron., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD, USA",
"fullName": "Miguel A. Aragon-Calvo",
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"abstract": "We study the topology of the Megaparsec Cosmic Web on the basis of the Alpha Shapes of the galaxy distribution. The simplicial complexes of the alpha shapes are used to determine the set of Betti numbers (β<sub>k</sub>, k = 1,...,D) which represent a complete characterization of the topology of a manifold. This forms a useful extension of the geometry and topology of the galaxy distribution by Minkowski functionals, of which three specify the geometrical structure of surfaces and one, the Euler characteristic, represents merely a summary of its topology. In order to develop an intuitive understanding for the relation between Betti numbers and the running α parameter of the alpha shapes, and thus in how far they may discriminate between different topologies, we study them within the context of simple heuristic Voronoi clustering models. These may be tuned to consist of a few or even only one specific morphological element of the Cosmic Web, ie. clusters, filaments or sheets.",
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"content": "We study the topology of the Megaparsec Cosmic Web on the basis of the Alpha Shapes of the galaxy distribution. The simplicial complexes of the alpha shapes are used to determine the set of Betti numbers (β<sub>k</sub>, k = 1,...,D) which represent a complete characterization of the topology of a manifold. This forms a useful extension of the geometry and topology of the galaxy distribution by Minkowski functionals, of which three specify the geometrical structure of surfaces and one, the Euler characteristic, represents merely a summary of its topology. In order to develop an intuitive understanding for the relation between Betti numbers and the running α parameter of the alpha shapes, and thus in how far they may discriminate between different topologies, we study them within the context of simple heuristic Voronoi clustering models. These may be tuned to consist of a few or even only one specific morphological element of the Cosmic Web, ie. clusters, filaments or sheets.",
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"abstract": "The images, captured by camera, might suffer from poor contrast, saturation artefacts or improper brightness. Hence, image enhancement becomes an important step to improve the quality of image. Images are enhanced such that there is change in intensity or saturation component, keeping hue unchanged. Often, gamut problem arises when transforming from one plane to another. In this paper, the technique focusses on enhancing the contrast of low illumination images while at the same time maintaining the brightness. A function called exposure, is used in estimation of underexposed and highly underexposed images. The brightness of the input image is increased using transformation functions, which is then treated as target image so that the brightness of input image is adjusted close to target image, using histogram matching. The existing technique Exposure based Sub Image Histogram Equalization (ESIHE), is used to increase the visual quality, which is followed by guided image filter for edge smoothening. Simulation shows that this proposed technique has better contrast enhancement, brightness preservation, hue preservation and better entropy, without gamut problem.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "The images, captured by camera, might suffer from poor contrast, saturation artefacts or improper brightness. Hence, image enhancement becomes an important step to improve the quality of image. Images are enhanced such that there is change in intensity or saturation component, keeping hue unchanged. Often, gamut problem arises when transforming from one plane to another. In this paper, the technique focusses on enhancing the contrast of low illumination images while at the same time maintaining the brightness. A function called exposure, is used in estimation of underexposed and highly underexposed images. The brightness of the input image is increased using transformation functions, which is then treated as target image so that the brightness of input image is adjusted close to target image, using histogram matching. The existing technique Exposure based Sub Image Histogram Equalization (ESIHE), is used to increase the visual quality, which is followed by guided image filter for edge smoothening. Simulation shows that this proposed technique has better contrast enhancement, brightness preservation, hue preservation and better entropy, without gamut problem.",
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"abstract": "In daily life, the acquisition of digital video will introduce non-uniform exposure due to the set of shooting equipment or scene illumination. Due to the low visibility, details are hidden and these videos usually fail to present visually pleasing browsing. Previous work typically relies on a single heuristic tone mapping curve to expand the dynamic range, which inevitably leads to uneven exposure. To solve this problem, we present a new video enhancement method based on zone system and image fusion. Given an input non-uniform illumination video, we first apply the zone system for exposure evaluation. We then remap each region using a series of tone mapping curves to generate multi-exposure regions which contain different exposed versions. Guided by some visual perception quality measures, we locate all the best exposed regions and then integrate them into a well-exposed video frame. Finally, in order to keep temporal consistency, we temporally propagate the zone regions from the former frame to the current frame. Experimental results have shown that the enhanced video exhibits uniform exposure, and preserves temporal consistency.",
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"affiliation": "School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China",
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"abstract": "The extremes of lighting (e.g. too much or too little light) usually cause many troubles for machine and human vision. Many recent works have mainly focused on under-exposure cases where images are often captured in low-light conditions (e.g. nighttime) and achieved promising results for enhancing the quality of images. However, they are inferior to handling images under over-exposure. To mitigate this limitation, we propose a novel unsupervised enhancement framework which is robust against various lighting conditions while does not require any well-exposed images to serve as the ground-truths. Our main concept is to construct pseudo-ground-truth images synthesized from multiple source images that simulate all potential exposure scenarios to train the enhancement network. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed approach consistently outperforms the current state-of-the-art unsupervised counterparts in several public datasets in terms of both quantitative metrics and qualitative results. Our code is available at https://github.com/VinAIResearch/PSENet-Image-Enhancement.",
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"content": "The extremes of lighting (e.g. too much or too little light) usually cause many troubles for machine and human vision. Many recent works have mainly focused on under-exposure cases where images are often captured in low-light conditions (e.g. nighttime) and achieved promising results for enhancing the quality of images. However, they are inferior to handling images under over-exposure. To mitigate this limitation, we propose a novel unsupervised enhancement framework which is robust against various lighting conditions while does not require any well-exposed images to serve as the ground-truths. Our main concept is to construct pseudo-ground-truth images synthesized from multiple source images that simulate all potential exposure scenarios to train the enhancement network. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed approach consistently outperforms the current state-of-the-art unsupervised counterparts in several public datasets in terms of both quantitative metrics and qualitative results. Our code is available at https://github.com/VinAIResearch/PSENet-Image-Enhancement.",
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"title": "Speeding up the Arithmetic Operations over Optimal Extension Fields in the Lagrange Representation Using DFT",
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"abstract": "In this paper, efficient algorithms of the arithmetic operations over Optimal Extension Field have been considered. An arbitrary field element is represented by the Lagrange Representation, and transformation forward and backward between the Lagrange Representation and the vector of polynomial coefficients of the field element has been speeded up by applying DFT (discrete Fourier transform) over a ring. Our contribution is of establishing modular multiplication and inversion algorithms over Optimal Extension Field in the Lagrange Representation using the discrete Fourier transform.",
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"content": "The OPERA experiment (oscillation project with emulsion-tracking apparatus) uses a massive nuclear emulsion detector to search for v/sub /spl mu///spl rarr/v/sub /spl tau// oscillation by identifying /spl tau/ leptons through the direct detection of their decay topology. The feasibility of experiments using a large mass emulsion detector is linked to the impressive progress under way in the development of automatic emulsion analysis. A new generation of scanning systems requires the development of fast automatic microscopes for emulsion scanning and image analysis to reconstruct tracks of elementary particles. The paper presents the European scanning system (ESS) developed in the framework of OPERA collaboration.",
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"abstract": "Nuclear instance segmentation is a challenging task due to a large number of touching and overlapping nuclei in pathological images. Existing methods cannot effectively recognize the accurate boundary owing to neglecting the relationship between pixels (e.g., direction information). In this paper, we propose a novel Centripetal Direction Net-work (CDNet) for nuclear instance segmentation. Specifically, we define centripetal direction feature as a class of adjacent directions pointing to the nuclear center to rep-resent the spatial relationship between pixels within the nucleus. These direction features are then used to construct a direction difference map to represent the similarity within instances and the differences between instances. Finally, we propose a direction-guided refinement module, which acts as a plug-and-play module to effectively integrate auxiliary tasks and aggregate the features of different branches. Experiments on MoNuSeg and CPM17 datasets show that CDNet is significantly better than the other methods and achieves the state-of-the-art performance. The code is available at https://github.com/honglianghe/CDNet.",
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"content": "The availability of large-scale annotated datasets has enabled Fully-Convolutional Neural Networks to reach outstanding performance on road extraction in aerial images. However, high-quality pixel-level annotation is expensive to produce and even manually labeled data often contains topological errors. Trading off quality for quantity, many datasets rely on already available yet noisy labels, for example from OpenStreetMap. In this paper, we explore the training of custom U-Nets built with ResNet and DenseNet backbones using noise-aware losses that are robust towards label omission and registration noise. We perform an extensive evaluation of standard and noise-aware losses, including a novel Bootstrapped DICE-Coefficient loss, on two challenging road segmentation benchmarks. Our losses yield a consistent improvement in overall extraction quality and exhibit a strong capacity to cope with severe label noise. Our method generalizes well to two other fine-grained topology delineation tasks: surface crack detection for quality inspection and cell membrane extraction in electron microscopy imagery.",
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"Aerial Images",
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"Topological Errors",
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"Bootstrapped DICE Coefficient Loss",
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"Image Segmentation",
"Roads",
"Topology",
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"affiliation": "Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR),Oberpfaffenhofen,Germany",
"fullName": "Corentin Henry",
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"affiliation": "Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology (TUG),Graz,Austria",
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"abstract": "In this paper we present a mathematical knot/braid diagram interface that exploits 3D computer graphics, interactive visualization, and multi-touch technology to enhance one's intuitive experience with mathematical theory of knots. Our interaction model is based on the clever but simple geometric construction named the Reide-meister moves, which allows 3D topological manipulations using rather simple 2D moves. Multi-touch interfaces can provide a natural way for us to interact with the extra degrees of freedom that characterize knots' mathematical, physical, and arithmetic properties. Relative to a specialized mouse-driven interface, the proposed multi-touch interface is easier and more intuitive to learn, and our pilot study shows that knot and braid manipulation with multi-touch is much faster and more efficient. All these combine to show that interactive computer graphics methods and computer interfaces can be used to construct virtual manipulatives and meet the challenge of exploring abstract mathematical worlds.",
"abstracts": [
{
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"content": "In this paper we present a mathematical knot/braid diagram interface that exploits 3D computer graphics, interactive visualization, and multi-touch technology to enhance one's intuitive experience with mathematical theory of knots. Our interaction model is based on the clever but simple geometric construction named the Reide-meister moves, which allows 3D topological manipulations using rather simple 2D moves. Multi-touch interfaces can provide a natural way for us to interact with the extra degrees of freedom that characterize knots' mathematical, physical, and arithmetic properties. Relative to a specialized mouse-driven interface, the proposed multi-touch interface is easier and more intuitive to learn, and our pilot study shows that knot and braid manipulation with multi-touch is much faster and more efficient. All these combine to show that interactive computer graphics methods and computer interfaces can be used to construct virtual manipulatives and meet the challenge of exploring abstract mathematical worlds.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "In this paper we present a mathematical knot/braid diagram interface that exploits 3D computer graphics, interactive visualization, and multi-touch technology to enhance one's intuitive experience with mathematical theory of knots. Our interaction model is based on the clever but simple geometric construction named the Reide-meister moves, which allows 3D topological manipulations using rather simple 2D moves. Multi-touch interfaces can provide a natural way for us to interact with the extra degrees of freedom that characterize knots' mathematical, physical, and arithmetic properties. Relative to a specialized mouse-driven interface, the proposed multi-touch interface is easier and more intuitive to learn, and our pilot study shows that knot and braid manipulation with multi-touch is much faster and more efficient. All these combine to show that interactive computer graphics methods and computer interfaces can be used to construct virtual manipulatives and meet the challenge of exploring abstract mathematical worlds.",
"fno": "07465247",
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"affiliation": "Zionsville High School, IN, USA",
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"id": "12OmNCdBDZg",
"doi": "10.1109/VISUAL.2005.1532843",
"title": "Visualization of the genus of knots",
"normalizedTitle": "Visualization of the genus of knots",
"abstract": "The genus of a knot or link can be defined via Seifert surfaces. A Seifert surface of a knot or link is an oriented surface whose boundary coincides with that, knot or link. Schematic images of these surfaces are shown in every text book on knot theory, but from these it is hard to understand their shape and structure. In this paper the visualization of such surfaces is discussed. A method is presented to produce different styles of surfaces for knots and links, starting from the so-called braid representation. Also, it is shown how closed oriented surfaces can be generated in which the knot is embedded, such that the knot subdivides the surface into two parts. These closed surfaces provide a direct visualization of the genus of a knot.",
"abstracts": [
{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "The genus of a knot or link can be defined via Seifert surfaces. A Seifert surface of a knot or link is an oriented surface whose boundary coincides with that, knot or link. Schematic images of these surfaces are shown in every text book on knot theory, but from these it is hard to understand their shape and structure. In this paper the visualization of such surfaces is discussed. A method is presented to produce different styles of surfaces for knots and links, starting from the so-called braid representation. Also, it is shown how closed oriented surfaces can be generated in which the knot is embedded, such that the knot subdivides the surface into two parts. These closed surfaces provide a direct visualization of the genus of a knot.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "The genus of a knot or link can be defined via Seifert surfaces. A Seifert surface of a knot or link is an oriented surface whose boundary coincides with that, knot or link. Schematic images of these surfaces are shown in every text book on knot theory, but from these it is hard to understand their shape and structure. In this paper the visualization of such surfaces is discussed. A method is presented to produce different styles of surfaces for knots and links, starting from the so-called braid representation. Also, it is shown how closed oriented surfaces can be generated in which the knot is embedded, such that the knot subdivides the surface into two parts. These closed surfaces provide a direct visualization of the genus of a knot.",
"fno": "01532843",
"keywords": [
"Mathematics Computing",
"Data Visualisation",
"Surface Fitting",
"Knot Visualization",
"Seifert Surfaces",
"Braid Representation",
"Topology",
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"Books",
"Topology",
"Strips",
"Shape",
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science",
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"User Interfaces",
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"authors": [
{
"affiliation": "Dept. of Math. & Comput. Sci., Eindhoven Univ. of Technol., Netherlands",
"fullName": "J.J. van Wijk",
"givenName": "J.J.",
"surname": "van Wijk",
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{
"affiliation": "Dept. of Math. & Comput. Sci., Eindhoven Univ. of Technol., Netherlands",
"fullName": "A.M. Cohen",
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"abstract": "In this paper, we will discuss knots and its invariants. Invariants include tri-coloring, Morse function, Genus, Euler characteristic, and Seifert surface. Knots are actually commonly seen in our daily life. People are making a knot when they are typing their ties or shoes. Also, the origin of knots dates back to ancient times, when people kept records by typing knots. What's more, knots have great academic importance. They are used in the research on different fields, such as the researches about topology, chemical elements, protein, DNA and so on. Since knots are closely connected with us, we will explore the properties of knots in a more sophisticated way in this paper. First, we will discuss how to use tri-coloring to identify different kinds of knots. By using tri-coloring, you can discover that two knot diagrams may look quite different but are actually the same. Second, we will focus on Morse function. After seeing the vivid knot diagrams, we can use another way other than figures to represent different knots. Third, we will combine genus, Euler characteristic and Seifert surface together. These invariants will help us to further study the properties and connections of various types of knots.",
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"content": "In this paper, we will discuss knots and its invariants. Invariants include tri-coloring, Morse function, Genus, Euler characteristic, and Seifert surface. Knots are actually commonly seen in our daily life. People are making a knot when they are typing their ties or shoes. Also, the origin of knots dates back to ancient times, when people kept records by typing knots. What's more, knots have great academic importance. They are used in the research on different fields, such as the researches about topology, chemical elements, protein, DNA and so on. Since knots are closely connected with us, we will explore the properties of knots in a more sophisticated way in this paper. First, we will discuss how to use tri-coloring to identify different kinds of knots. By using tri-coloring, you can discover that two knot diagrams may look quite different but are actually the same. Second, we will focus on Morse function. After seeing the vivid knot diagrams, we can use another way other than figures to represent different knots. Third, we will combine genus, Euler characteristic and Seifert surface together. These invariants will help us to further study the properties and connections of various types of knots.",
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"affiliation": "Chengdu Experiemental Foreign Language School,Chengdu,China",
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"abstract": "Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a common tool to study the physical movements of atoms and molecules in many research fields. However, it is an extremely time-consuming application which takes researchers weeks or months to run a single simulation when simulation size scales up and computing demands keep growing. In this paper, an improved MD implementation on Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer is developed to solve the above mentioned issues. The new implementation is extended from an existing implementation (i.e., LAMMPS) which widely uses the MD application. Sunway TaihuLight is a heterogeneous supercomputer with a fully customized integration approach and a brand new many-core processor SW26010. The Sunway TaihuLight takes the world's first place with peak performance over 100PFlops. We propose an optimization method of the MD simulation in three steps: paralleled extensions to SW26010, memory-access optimizations, and vectorization. After the optimization process, an 8x speedup is achieved on a single computing node. Superiorly, we also scale up to 95 thousands computing nodes (6 millions cores) with an almost leaner speedup. Besides, the proposed methods can also be applied to many other molecular dynamics codes, or similar applications.",
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"title": "Lightweight Computational Steering of Very Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations",
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"abstract": "We present a computational steering approach for controlling, analyzing, and visualizing very large scale molecular dynamics simulations involving tens to hundreds of millions of atoms. Our approach relies on extensible scripting languages and an easy to use tool for building extensions and modules. The system is easy to modify, works with existing C code, is memory efficient, and can be used from inexpensive workstations over standard Internet connections. We demonstrate how we have been able to explore data from production MD simulations involving as many as 104 million atoms running on the CM-5 and Cray T3D. We also show how this approach can be used to integrate common scripting languages (including Python, Tcl/Tk, and Perl), simulation code, user extensions, and commercial data analysis packages.",
"abstracts": [
{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "We present a computational steering approach for controlling, analyzing, and visualizing very large scale molecular dynamics simulations involving tens to hundreds of millions of atoms. Our approach relies on extensible scripting languages and an easy to use tool for building extensions and modules. The system is easy to modify, works with existing C code, is memory efficient, and can be used from inexpensive workstations over standard Internet connections. We demonstrate how we have been able to explore data from production MD simulations involving as many as 104 million atoms running on the CM-5 and Cray T3D. We also show how this approach can be used to integrate common scripting languages (including Python, Tcl/Tk, and Perl), simulation code, user extensions, and commercial data analysis packages.",
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