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"abstract": "This paper presents a human action recognition method using histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) of motion history image (MHI). First, the proposed method generates MHI with differential images which are obtained by frame difference of successive frames of a video. The histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) of the MHI is then computed. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) is applied to train an action classifier using the HOG features. We discovered that the new method improves recognition rate significantly. Moreover, our algorithm does not require the generation process of human silhouette, and therefore the performance is also increased. Experimental results are provided to show the promising performance of the proposed method.",
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"title": "2017 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR-Adjunct)",
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"abstract": "Augmented reality (AR) systems allow enriching the environment by supportive and useful virtual data. However, the human information processing capacity is limited. Thus, additional information may distract attention from the environment to the virtual data, resulting in a lower perception of relevant real-world information. In this paper we evaluate whether this effect depends on the frame of reference used to overlay the real world with virtual data. In a user study with 20 participants, we measured the reaction time to simple color stimuli presented either in AR or the environment while participants focused their attention either in AR or the environment. Stimuli in AR were presented in two different frames of reference — screen-stabilized or world-fixed. Responses to signals in AR were significantly faster than to signals in the environment, suggesting a dominance of virtual information over real ones. This also resulted in a significantly prolonged reaction time when participants needed to shift their attention from AR to the environment (but not vice versa). This negative effect disappeared when virtual data was presented world-fixed. Obviously, a world-fixed frame of reference allows a better blending of AR and real world information, and thus avoiding a dominant perception of virtual information.",
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"abstract": "The confidentiality of communications in the Internet of Things (IoT) is critical, with cryptography being currently the most widely employed method to achieve it. Establishing cryptographically secure communication links between two transceivers requires the pre-agreement on some key, unknown to an external attacker. In recent years there has been growing interest for techniques that generate a shared random key through observation of the channel and its effects on the exchanged messages. The maximum length of that key is characterised by the Mutual Information (MI) between the observations of the two radios. In this work we examine the practical limits of the MI of off-the-shelf transceivers communicating through the IEEE 802.15.4 specification in an indoor office environment, and calculate the secret-key capacity, that is, the maximum length of an extracted secret-key in the presence of an eavesdropper. Furthermore, we study how using groups of observations can affect the MI and both analytically and experimentally prove that grouping observations leads to better results and an increased key-capacity.",
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"content": "The confidentiality of communications in the Internet of Things (IoT) is critical, with cryptography being currently the most widely employed method to achieve it. Establishing cryptographically secure communication links between two transceivers requires the pre-agreement on some key, unknown to an external attacker. In recent years there has been growing interest for techniques that generate a shared random key through observation of the channel and its effects on the exchanged messages. The maximum length of that key is characterised by the Mutual Information (MI) between the observations of the two radios. In this work we examine the practical limits of the MI of off-the-shelf transceivers communicating through the IEEE 802.15.4 specification in an indoor office environment, and calculate the secret-key capacity, that is, the maximum length of an extracted secret-key in the presence of an eavesdropper. Furthermore, we study how using groups of observations can affect the MI and both analytically and experimentally prove that grouping observations leads to better results and an increased key-capacity.",
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"abstract": "We revisit some fundamental laws of physics governing light propagation in linear media in order to have a better understanding of the roles of optics for parallel interconnections of digital processors. The degree of freedom obtainable using optical techniques can be derived from the domains of space, spatial frequency, time, and temporal frequency. We pinpoint various fundamental barriers and practical limits of optics for handling point-to-point communications. Possible schemes of using optical techniques to maximize the information transmission capacity while minimizing the channel complexity are also discussed.",
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"content": "We revisit some fundamental laws of physics governing light propagation in linear media in order to have a better understanding of the roles of optics for parallel interconnections of digital processors. The degree of freedom obtainable using optical techniques can be derived from the domains of space, spatial frequency, time, and temporal frequency. We pinpoint various fundamental barriers and practical limits of optics for handling point-to-point communications. Possible schemes of using optical techniques to maximize the information transmission capacity while minimizing the channel complexity are also discussed.",
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"affiliation": "Phys. Sci. Div., NEC Res. Inst., Princeton, NJ, USA",
"fullName": "Yao Li",
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"abstract": "Cameras are ubiquitous and increasingly being used not just for capturing images but also for communicating information. For example, the pervasive QR codes can be viewed as communicating a short code to camera-equipped sensors and recent research has explored using screen-to-camera communications for larger data transfers. Such communications could be particularly attractive in pervasive camera based applications, where such camera communications can reuse the existing camera hardware and also leverage from the large pixel array structure for high data-rate communication. While several prototypes have been constructed, the fundamental capacity limits of this novel communication channel in all but the simplest scenarios remains unknown. The visual medium differs from RF in that the information capacity of this channel largely depends on the perspective distortions while multipath becomes negligible. In this paper, we create a model of this communication system to allow predicting the capacity based on receiver perspective (distance and angle to the transmitter). We calibrate and validate this model through lab experiments wherein information is transmitted from a screen and received with a tablet camera. Our capacity estimates indicate that tens of Mbps is possible using a smartphone camera even when the short code on the screen images onto only 15% of the camera frame. Our estimates also indicate that there is room for at least 2.5x improvement in throughput of existing screen - camera communication prototypes.",
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"content": "Cameras are ubiquitous and increasingly being used not just for capturing images but also for communicating information. For example, the pervasive QR codes can be viewed as communicating a short code to camera-equipped sensors and recent research has explored using screen-to-camera communications for larger data transfers. Such communications could be particularly attractive in pervasive camera based applications, where such camera communications can reuse the existing camera hardware and also leverage from the large pixel array structure for high data-rate communication. While several prototypes have been constructed, the fundamental capacity limits of this novel communication channel in all but the simplest scenarios remains unknown. The visual medium differs from RF in that the information capacity of this channel largely depends on the perspective distortions while multipath becomes negligible. In this paper, we create a model of this communication system to allow predicting the capacity based on receiver perspective (distance and angle to the transmitter). We calibrate and validate this model through lab experiments wherein information is transmitted from a screen and received with a tablet camera. Our capacity estimates indicate that tens of Mbps is possible using a smartphone camera even when the short code on the screen images onto only 15% of the camera frame. Our estimates also indicate that there is room for at least 2.5x improvement in throughput of existing screen - camera communication prototypes.",
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"title": "Proceedings Sixth International Conference on Information Visualisation",
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"abstract": "In exploring large volumes of information, more often than not, one single visualization is not sufficient for grasping the whole data set. This may be due to different reasons: the screen real-estate is limited, the user?s capacity for comprehending a large data set also has limits, different views or perspectives of the same data may be needed to grasp all the details, and so on. Multiple visualizations allow the user to explore large amounts of complex information more easily and rapidly. We believe that one of the strengths of 3D metaphoric information visualization will emerge from the combined use of several interacting tools, each potentially depicting different views of the information. This paper presents work done on using multiple views for the visualization of abstract information via metaphoric representations.",
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"fno": "16560468",
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"affiliation": "Eur?com Institute",
"fullName": "C. Russo Dos Santos",
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"affiliation": "Eur?com Institute",
"fullName": "P. Gros",
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"abstract": "The well-known Shannon channel capacity theorem plays a fundamental role in modern wireless communications. However, this theorem, derived from the Fourier transform (FT) viewpoint, only holds for Fourier bandlimited Gaussian channels. It has already been shown that a signal can not be both Fourier bandlimited and fractional bandlimited with a certain angle a?p/2. Hence, it is desirable to generalize the Shannon channel capacity theorem from Fourier bandlimited channels to fractional bandlimited ones. In this paper, we propose a formula to calculate the capacity limits of bandlimited Gaussian channels in the fractional Fourier domain. This formula is an extension of the Shannon channel capacity theorem for fractional bandlimited channels. The achieved results may be useful for designing communication systems in the fractional Fourier domain.",
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"abstract": "Insider Threat Detection is one of the greatest challenges for organizational cybersecurity [2]. In this paper, we designed and evaluated visually compressed cyber event sequence (ViC<sup>2</sup>ES) to assist analysts with building mental models about user activity for Insider Threat Detection. Our visualizations, which show user activity on a daily level, are purpose-built to be embedded in our in-house active learning tool called \"CHISSL.\" [3], [4] We explored different visual compression techniques with binning or run length encoding, resulting in four unique designs built upon the same icon array presentation. We evaluated these four designs for both low-level and high-level tasks in two experiments: in Experiment I, participants performed perceptual tasks such as selecting the most and least similar activities for each of the designs; in Experiment II, participants used one of the designs in CHISSL for eleven reasoning tasks. The results suggest that participants preferred the high level of aggregation, but made the fewest errors with the low level of aggregation; they were able to interact with CHISSL and accomplish the tasks using both designs. We believe our aggregated designs are effective regarding both task performance and screen space; the high and low levels of aggregation designs are valid for user activity modeling.",
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"content": "Insider Threat Detection is one of the greatest challenges for organizational cybersecurity [2]. In this paper, we designed and evaluated visually compressed cyber event sequence (ViC<sup>2</sup>ES) to assist analysts with building mental models about user activity for Insider Threat Detection. Our visualizations, which show user activity on a daily level, are purpose-built to be embedded in our in-house active learning tool called \"CHISSL.\" [3], [4] We explored different visual compression techniques with binning or run length encoding, resulting in four unique designs built upon the same icon array presentation. We evaluated these four designs for both low-level and high-level tasks in two experiments: in Experiment I, participants performed perceptual tasks such as selecting the most and least similar activities for each of the designs; in Experiment II, participants used one of the designs in CHISSL for eleven reasoning tasks. The results suggest that participants preferred the high level of aggregation, but made the fewest errors with the low level of aggregation; they were able to interact with CHISSL and accomplish the tasks using both designs. We believe our aggregated designs are effective regarding both task performance and screen space; the high and low levels of aggregation designs are valid for user activity modeling.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "Insider Threat Detection is one of the greatest challenges for organizational cybersecurity [2]. In this paper, we designed and evaluated visually compressed cyber event sequence (ViC2ES) to assist analysts with building mental models about user activity for Insider Threat Detection. Our visualizations, which show user activity on a daily level, are purpose-built to be embedded in our in-house active learning tool called \"CHISSL.\" [3], [4] We explored different visual compression techniques with binning or run length encoding, resulting in four unique designs built upon the same icon array presentation. We evaluated these four designs for both low-level and high-level tasks in two experiments: in Experiment I, participants performed perceptual tasks such as selecting the most and least similar activities for each of the designs; in Experiment II, participants used one of the designs in CHISSL for eleven reasoning tasks. The results suggest that participants preferred the high level of aggregation, but made the fewest errors with the low level of aggregation; they were able to interact with CHISSL and accomplish the tasks using both designs. We believe our aggregated designs are effective regarding both task performance and screen space; the high and low levels of aggregation designs are valid for user activity modeling.",
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"fullName": "Brooke R. Brisbois",
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"affiliation": "Pacific Northwest National Laboratory",
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"abstract": "Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved a state-of-the-art performance on different real world information processing tasks. However, CNNs are computationally and power intensive, which makes them difficult to run on wearable and embedded systems. Using binary models instead of more complex models, was shown to significantly reduce the memory and computational resources; however, at the cost of a lower accuracy. The aim of the paper is to provide the further exploration of the binarization effect on the model capacity. We study a multiple-valued thresholding (binarization) of the input images and we combine features of several binary networks to perform a classification task. Each image is fitted to a separate binary CNN model. In this manner, we decompose the real world problem to several binary sub-problems. The separate binary models are then assembled into a final classifier and are used to predict the class label. The results show that while for MNIST the accuracy is very close to the full precision counterpart, for the more complex dataset, CIFAR-10, the binarization and the representational power of CNNs is strongly affected.",
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"abstract": "With the rapid development of mobile application industry, the interaction between human and mobile application interface has become an indispensable part of daily life. Designers also strive to guide users' visual attention reasonably on the limited screen. This paper analyzes the design elements of dynamic color in the mobile terminal card layout, establishes the relationship model between dynamic color and visual attention in mobile end card layout, and explores the relationship between dynamic color and visual attention of users. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this paper constructs an index system that affects users' visual attention. By designing the control group experiment, users can evaluate the importance of the index layer factors in pairs, and finally get the weight value of the influence of color, purity, lightness and speed of the design factors of dynamic color on the visual note. The model can provide a theoretical basis for the design of dynamic color of mobile card layout and a method for designers to calculate the visual attention degree of interface elements to users.",
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{
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"content": "With the rapid development of mobile application industry, the interaction between human and mobile application interface has become an indispensable part of daily life. Designers also strive to guide users' visual attention reasonably on the limited screen. This paper analyzes the design elements of dynamic color in the mobile terminal card layout, establishes the relationship model between dynamic color and visual attention in mobile end card layout, and explores the relationship between dynamic color and visual attention of users. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this paper constructs an index system that affects users' visual attention. By designing the control group experiment, users can evaluate the importance of the index layer factors in pairs, and finally get the weight value of the influence of color, purity, lightness and speed of the design factors of dynamic color on the visual note. The model can provide a theoretical basis for the design of dynamic color of mobile card layout and a method for designers to calculate the visual attention degree of interface elements to users.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "With the rapid development of mobile application industry, the interaction between human and mobile application interface has become an indispensable part of daily life. Designers also strive to guide users' visual attention reasonably on the limited screen. This paper analyzes the design elements of dynamic color in the mobile terminal card layout, establishes the relationship model between dynamic color and visual attention in mobile end card layout, and explores the relationship between dynamic color and visual attention of users. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this paper constructs an index system that affects users' visual attention. By designing the control group experiment, users can evaluate the importance of the index layer factors in pairs, and finally get the weight value of the influence of color, purity, lightness and speed of the design factors of dynamic color on the visual note. The model can provide a theoretical basis for the design of dynamic color of mobile card layout and a method for designers to calculate the visual attention degree of interface elements to users.",
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"Decision Making",
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"Dynamic Color",
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"Visual Attention Degree",
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"Mobile Application Industry",
"Human Application Interface",
"Mobile Application Interface",
"Mobile Terminal Card Layout",
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"affiliation": "Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System and Network Culture,Beijing,China",
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"affiliation": "Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System and Network Culture,Beijing,China",
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{
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"title": "A Design Methodolgy to Maintain Consistency between Functional Behavior and Multimedia Presentation",
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"abstract": "Abstract: For applications like MUSE simulation models, which are presented by advanced multimedia and virtual reality user interfaces, we have to provide methods to enhance trustworthy of those presentations. The question has to be answered, whether the user interface really reflects the application's functional behavior. We propose a new approach for a software design methodology supporting consistency maintenance between functional behavior and its presentation. We introduce an object oriented design pattern with a new coupling mechanism between behavior input and output objects. The coupling controls communication in an explicit way, so pairs of input and output objects are prevented to by-pass the behavior in order to hide its functionality while presenting a faked behavior. The methodology allows the behavior kernel's description to be written completely independent from its presentations.",
"abstracts": [
{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "Abstract: For applications like MUSE simulation models, which are presented by advanced multimedia and virtual reality user interfaces, we have to provide methods to enhance trustworthy of those presentations. The question has to be answered, whether the user interface really reflects the application's functional behavior. We propose a new approach for a software design methodology supporting consistency maintenance between functional behavior and its presentation. We introduce an object oriented design pattern with a new coupling mechanism between behavior input and output objects. The coupling controls communication in an explicit way, so pairs of input and output objects are prevented to by-pass the behavior in order to hide its functionality while presenting a faked behavior. The methodology allows the behavior kernel's description to be written completely independent from its presentations.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "Abstract: For applications like MUSE simulation models, which are presented by advanced multimedia and virtual reality user interfaces, we have to provide methods to enhance trustworthy of those presentations. The question has to be answered, whether the user interface really reflects the application's functional behavior. We propose a new approach for a software design methodology supporting consistency maintenance between functional behavior and its presentation. We introduce an object oriented design pattern with a new coupling mechanism between behavior input and output objects. The coupling controls communication in an explicit way, so pairs of input and output objects are prevented to by-pass the behavior in order to hide its functionality while presenting a faked behavior. The methodology allows the behavior kernel's description to be written completely independent from its presentations.",
"fno": "75110089",
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"Systems Analysis Software Design Methodology Multimedia Aided Systems Engineering Functional Behavior Multimedia Presentation MUSE Simulation Models Virtual Reality User Interfaces Consistency Maintenance Object Oriented Design Pattern"
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"affiliation": "Fachbereich Inf., Tech. Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany",
"fullName": "G. Lux",
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"title": "Automatic capture and presentation creation from multimedia lectures",
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"abstract": "For more than a decade, the RIPPLES group at the University of Massachusetts Amherst has developed and deployed content delivery systems to support on-campus and distance education. This has been an effective but expensive approach because of its dependence on content captured by human operators and substantial production effort. Presentations Automatically Organized from Lectures (PAOL) is a classroom-capture system that is transparent to and places no constraints (teaching style or pedagogy) on a lecturer. PAOL is unique-no other system can capture unconstrained computer-based materials, capture whiteboard writing and drawing, and produce a speaker video without requiring preinstalled software, electronic whiteboards, or special training. PAOL uses high-resolution cameras, a computer screen capture device, and a wireless microphone to automatically create multimedia Flash presentations, which include a digitally edited instructor video, enhanced images of all material presented by computer or written/drawn on a whiteboard, and an index to support navigation. The PAOL system has been used extensively during system development in several varied settings. We report on usability studies to determine the most effective presentation formats and interfaces and our efforts to capture a full course to further evaluate the impact on teaching and learning.",
"abstracts": [
{
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"content": "For more than a decade, the RIPPLES group at the University of Massachusetts Amherst has developed and deployed content delivery systems to support on-campus and distance education. This has been an effective but expensive approach because of its dependence on content captured by human operators and substantial production effort. Presentations Automatically Organized from Lectures (PAOL) is a classroom-capture system that is transparent to and places no constraints (teaching style or pedagogy) on a lecturer. PAOL is unique-no other system can capture unconstrained computer-based materials, capture whiteboard writing and drawing, and produce a speaker video without requiring preinstalled software, electronic whiteboards, or special training. PAOL uses high-resolution cameras, a computer screen capture device, and a wireless microphone to automatically create multimedia Flash presentations, which include a digitally edited instructor video, enhanced images of all material presented by computer or written/drawn on a whiteboard, and an index to support navigation. The PAOL system has been used extensively during system development in several varied settings. We report on usability studies to determine the most effective presentation formats and interfaces and our efforts to capture a full course to further evaluate the impact on teaching and learning.",
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"content": "Dupin cyclides are non-spherical algebraic surfaces of degree 4, discovered by the French mathematician Pierre-Charles Dupin at the beginning of the 19th century. A Dupin cyclide has a parametric equation and two implicit equations and circular lines of curvature. It can be defined as the image of a torus, a cone of revolution or a cylinder of revolution by an inversion. A torus has two families of circles : meridians and parallels. There is a third family of circles on a ring torus: Villarceau circles. As the image, by an inversion, of a circle is a circle or a straight line, there are three families of circles onto a Dupin cyclide too. The goal of this paper is to construct, onto a Dupin cyclide, 3D triangles with circular edges: a meridian arc, a parallel arc and a Villarceau circle arc.",
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"abstract": "Luminance edges are classified into reflectance edges and illumination edges. Most of the edge detection papers published focus on reflectance edges detections, whereas only few of them deal with illumination edges. In this paper, a new approach to detect illumination edges in grayscale images is proposed. Differing from the conventional illumination edge detection techniques, which were mostly based on the grayscale intensity changes in the image being processed, instead, an error-function-based formulation is introduced to model blurred illumination edges, using a factor called the illumination ratio defined in this paper. Then, the profile of the illumination ratio is fitted with the proposed error-function model to determine the locations of all illumination edges. Although the frame-differencing method using complementary patterns is generally acknowledged to be the most accurate illumination edge detector, the proposed technique could perform better than it in both speed and accuracy. This technique benefits the fields of visual detection, machine vision, and especially the coded structured-light-based 3D scanning systems.",
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"content": "A straight-line grid drawing of a planar graph G is a drawing of G on an integer grid such that each vertex is drawn as a grid point and each edge is drawn as a straight-line segment without edge crossings. It is well known that a planar graph of n vertices admits a straight-line grid drawing on a grid of area O(n2). A lower bound of Omega(n2) on the area-requirement for straight-line grid drawings of certain planar graphs is also known. In this paper, we introduce a fairly large class of planar graphs which admits a straight-line grid drawing on a grid of area O(n). We also give a linear-time algorithm to find such a drawing. Our new class of planar graphs, which we call \"doughnut graphs,\" is a subclass of 5-connected planar graphs. We also show several interesting properties of \"doughnut graphs\" in this paper",
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